3/2009
Vol.16 No.3
ISSN : 1394-0198
KDN : PP. 10006/02/2010
(023620)
14
9 11
2
5
Contents
Theme
Standardisation and Intellectual Property
Features
13
2
4
5
7
9
Intellectual Property Management and Human
Resource Capacity Building
News
What Is In A Name?
14
18
18
Copyright Issues in Standards and Standards
Documents
What Can Be And What Cannot Be Patented in
Malaysia
Record Management and Quality Certification
Updates
11
An overview of Malaysian Standard (MS
2072:2008) – Guidelines for Developing and
Implementing Early Action for Site Remediation
Disclaimer
Malaysian Standards On Noodles
Speed Hump - Specification for Materials,
Design and Installation
A New Method of Making Skin Regenerating
Template
Simplified process for Certificate of Conformity
(COC) for the Saudi Arabian Market
Announcement
19
20
Certification, Malaysian Standards and
International Standards Updates
Risk Management Standards: Should
Malaysia Adopt ISO 31000?
The Standards and Quality News is an official publication of SIRIM Berhad. The newsletter is published on a quarterly basis and
is distributed to our clients, certified companies and Standards Development Committee members. Editorial material may be
freely reproduced, provided credit is given to the newsletter. Please note that except for the advertisement by the subsidiaries
and affiliate companies of SIRIM Berhad, SIRIM Berhad does not in any way either directly or indirectly endorse any
advertisements by other companies printed herein and hereby denies any liability in relation to the accuracy of the same.
Highlight
STANDARDS
& QUALITY NEWS
Vol.16 No.2/2009
Standards and intellectual property (IP) are fuels to sanction industry and business circles to
produce and to market more novel products and services of uncompromising quality for
consumers.
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
Chairman
Tn. Hj. Ab. Razak Salim
Both entities are vital to industrialization processes and businesses, in fact they complement
Members
each other effectively but in more subtle way than many skilled person in either art would ever
To put it simply and broadly in respect of products and technology, IP rights act as incentive
Dato' Mariani Mohammad
Pn. Khalidah Mustafa
En. Parama Iswara Subramaniam
Pn. Nur Fadhilah Muhammad
En. Abdul Rashid Hj. Zainal Abidin
Tn. Hj. Mohamad Nawawi Hussin
Dr. Mohd Azman Idris
Tn. Hj. Abdul Aziz Long
Tn. Hj. Azman Hassan
Pn. Zurina Mohd. Bistari
Pn. Haliza Ibrahim
for people to create more novel, improved and innovative products that in turn fuel technology
EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
expected and realized. So much so, that it is not uncommon to hear an IP practitioner telling
his audience that IP has nothing much to do with standards and quality. He is certainly right
where IP rights granting requirements are concerned, but when industrialization and
businesses come to fore, both entities do intertwine albeit each is governed by various
respective laws, acts and regulations, management systems, codes of practice, the do’s and
the don’ts.
diffusion and increase knowledge pool among populace. But what great novel products devoid
of quality by not adhering and certified to available standards would be to most people? Not
much actually. Novel products sans quality would rapidly lose the luster as great innovations
and may attract consumers only by sheer reason of their uniqueness, thus the craze, if any, will
eventually short-lived.
Interestingly enough, direct linkages between the two entities are profoundly more obvious, as
readily observed in copyright issues according to the Copyrights Act as rightfully enforced in
standards; IP rights in Certification Marks in accordance with the Trade Marks Act and
Pn. Khalidah Mustafa
En. Parama Iswara Subramaniam
En. Abdul Rashid Hj. Zainal Abidin
Pn. Zurina Mohd. Bistari
Pn. Saleha A.Jalil
Pn. Saadiah Enok
En. Ong Chui Koon
Cik Patricia Limbang
Cik Salmah Mohd. Nordin
Cik Lili Masni Ab. Jalil
Regulation with regards to standardization and certification exercises on products and
PUBLICATION COORDINATOR
services; IP rights in patents according to the Patents Act and Regulation especially with
Cik Lili Masni Ab. Jalil
Tel: 603-5544 6346
Fax: 603-5544 6334
E-mail: [email protected]
regards to monetary returns from patented technical contribution to patentees whenever a
patented invention is cited in industrial standards and; lest we forget the whole gamut of IP
regime itself is also ruled by certain recognized standards and harmonized practices shared
among countries in the world via signed treaties, protocols, conventions and agreements.
Copies of the newsletter
are available on request from:
SIRIM Berhad
Some of highlighted issues with regard to direct linkages between standards and intellectual
knowledge.
No.1, Persiaran Dato' Menteri
Section 2, P.O Box 7035, 40911
Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Tel: 03-55446000
Fax: 03-55108095
Website: http://www.sirim.my
Mohamad Nawawi Hussin
Design: Reign Associates Sdn. Bhd.
Unit 816, Block B Kelana Square
No.17 Jalan SS7/26 Kelana Jaya
47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
property are briefly discussed in this issue of S&Q News for readers’ appreciation and
Printer: SIRIM Berhad
No.1, Persiaran Dato' Menteri
Section 2, P.O Box 7035, 40911
Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Tel: 03-55446000
Fax: 03-55108095
Website: http://www.sirim.my
Feature
Intellectual Property
Management and Human
Resource Capacity Building
by Mohamad Nawawi Hussin
Senior General Manager (Registered Patent, Trade Mark and industrial Design Agent)
Department of Intellectual Property Services and Knowledge Management
SIRIM Berhad
especially the recruitment of qualified people
to carry out the job. Thus, for the shortterm, it would be sufficient for a PRI to
establish a small IP unit which would act
more as an IP coordinating unit. No matter
how small the unit is, its function is crucial,
and, as such, it must be manned by at least
one or two core personnel with support
staff. The core personnel shall at least be
reasonably skillful and knowledgeable in IP
management, NIPCP and IP laws. He is to
be the IP referral person for his institution.
His responsibilities should include, among
other things, the following:
•
To make sensible recommendations
Universities and public research institutions
lack of an IP policy in Universities and PRIs,
on matters relating to pertinent
(PRIs) are an integral part of a country’s
all of whom are recipients of government
provisions in the NIPCP;
‘National Innovation System’. However, the
R&D funds, is now just water under the
greatest challenge faced by them is the
bridge. What is of concern now is the
for initial IP work and its further
successful commercialisation of inventions
efficient
developmental progress;
and innovations. More often than not,
Presently most PRIs, while trying to cope
intriguing questions that would come to
with mammoth task of churning out
mind on the subject of commercialisation of
commercially viable new findings and
understanding among his peers and
inventions, are also clamouring to equip
others in his institution and;
inventions & innovations are ones regarding
implemention
of
the
•
policy.
•
To provide reliable recommendations
To
enhance
IP
awareness
and
intellectual property (IP). These include
themselves with IP knowledge acquisition
matters that relate to the early stages of IP
and to set up in-house IP departments to
external IP counselors or attorneys for
development in a commercial sense and
manage internal IP issues as well as to to
more specialised and complicated IP
how further development of IP would be
efficiently implement the policy. It is
tasks such as patent drafting, IP
managed, with the knowledge that about
heartening to see all these good efforts, but
prosecution, litigation and licensing.
80% of the market value of modern
it must be noted that “ad-hoc actions and
businesses is attributed to IP.
With the recent advent of National IP
•
To seek and recommend reliable
jump starts” will not do any good in the long
Then again, the big question is where can
run. With regard to IP management, short
the PRIs get such personnel, competent in
and long term measures are essential.
Commercialisation Policy for R&D projects
IP related matters, from? As a short term
measure, the organizations should rope in
funded by the government of Malaysia
Establishing a full-fledged in-house IP
interested personnel and send them for
(NIPCP), all the confusion arising from the
department for a PRI is an enormous task,
training in a specialised short course in IP
2
Standards and Quality News
management in one of the renowned IP
organisations and IP fraternity including
been in existence almost from the very
institutions overseas. Taking this option will
their
and
beginning in developed countries such as
indeed be worth every single cent of
between the PRI and local as well as
the U.S, the European countries, Australia and
investment.
overseas IP authorities, IP offices and
Japan. It is not unusual to find professionals
other IP organizations.
like
overseas
counterparts;
Whatever it may take, establishing a full-
computer
scientists,
physicists,
geologists, pharmacists or even medical
fledged IP department is the objective of
Again, qualified and trained IP personnel
doctors working as qualified IP attorneys or
many, if not all PRIs. What is a full-fledged IP
would be greatly sought after to man the
as in-house IP counselors for companies or
department?
department, unless the PRIs are willing to
PRIs, especially in the field of patent.
A full-fledged in-house IP department,
way to make this long term measure a
To jump start the process, with the intention
among others, shall carry out these tasks:
success is to involve all relevant parties in
of being at par with developed countries, by
this country and to make it into a national
implementing all sorts of short term
agenda. Human resource capacity building
measures, would be unpalatable to say the
in the field of IP should be one of the
least. The appropriate thing to do now is for
foremost items in the agenda.
local institutions of higher learning, both
hire experienced external IP counselors. The
•
To function as a nerve center for full
implementation of the NIPCP;
•
To function as a one-stop resource
public and private, to take the initiative to
center for all matters relating to the
•
implementation of IP management
The potential for rapid acceleration of local
develop
regime, the NIPCP and IP laws, where
patenting activities is foreseeable, taking into
comprehensive IP management curriculums
people would go to for appropriate
account all the positive steps already
in their respective institutions. This will
advice and opinion;
initiated by the Malaysian government in
provide opportunities to interested parties,
enhancing
and
especially technical graduates who are
technological R&D programmes and IP
interested in IP management to pursue their
To ensure smooth and effective
implementation of NIPCP’s manuals
and to carry out all its related IP
management activities;
•
the
national
science
and
establish
practical
and
commercialization. Wouldn’t it be great if
studies at post graduate-level and to obtain
most, if not all, of our PRIs’ IP managers,
certificates, diplomas, degrees, masters or
counselors and practitioners are made up of
even doctorates in IP management. It is best
To provide all IP consultancy and IP
technical professionals such as geneticists,
to start off on the right footing at the outset
agency
the
engineers and chemists and the like,
or else, when the need arises, there will be
department will provide all patent,
perhaps with Masters degrees, if not PhDs in
flood of more jump-starts, more ‘cut and
industrial design, trademark and all
the IP field? The trend of having professional
paste’
other relevant IP search, registration,
technical personnel as IP practitioners has
eventually will lead us to nowhere.
services,
meaning
solutions
and
measures
that
prosecution services besides keeping
up with all IP portfolios;
•
To provide patent drafting services;
•
To disseminate IP knowledge and
awareness and to initiate and create an
IP
savvy
community
within
the
institution.
•
To communicate and provide support
to the in-house legal department and
to private/external IP counselors on
matters pertaining to IP disputes,
litigation and licensing;
•
To act as a communication and
management bridge between the
research group and the institution’s
higher management, financial, legal
and commercialization groups within
the PRI regarding IP matters; between
the PRI and external IP practitioners, IP
Standards and Quality News
3
Feature
What Is In A Name?
by Norhayati Hassan
Consultant ( Registered Patent, Trade Mark & Industrial Design Agent )
Department of Intellectual Property Services and Knowledge Management
SIRIM Berhad
The certification bodies may require users of
the Certification trademark to sign an
agreement to ensure the proper use of the
mark. The main element of the agreement is
that certified companies/ entities need to
comply with the sets of rules and
requirements set by the Certification
Bodies
when
using
the
Certification
trademarks in their business transactions.
This is in resonance with the requirements
or submission during the application for
registration of Certification trademarks
which includes, among others, regulations
What do ‘MAS’, ‘KODAK’, ‘Microsoft’,
manufacturers of products or providers of
(covering the people authorized to use the
‘Teflon’, ‘HP’, ‘SONY’, ‘Coca Cola’ and
services to consistently provide quality
Certification trademarks, the characteristics
‘ROLEX’ have in common? These names
products or services in order to maintain
to be certified and how are they being
are actually trademarks created or invented
their business reputation. If a trademark
tested, supervision of use, and auditing),
by organizations to inform the public of
owner does not maintain quality control and
name and address of the certified companies
the existence or availability of certain
adequate supervision during manufacturing
and samples of the Certification trademark.
products or services as belonging to a
of products or provision of services, the
certain
organization
and
usually
are
associated with quality.
What actually is a trademark? It is simply a
distinctive
sign
used
by
owner’s reputation will be adversely affected
In today’s commercial scenario, trademarking
and consumers may be deterred from
is indeed a very important tool to inform the
purchasing products or needing their
consumer of the existence of a certain
services in the future.
product or service. The goodwill of a certain
trademark lies in the reputation of the
individuals,
product or service and the associated
businesses or non-business organizations
A special type of trademark which is related
to indicate that the origin of the products or
to the provision of quality products or
owner of the trademark. If the owner
services is from them and is capable of
services is the Certification trademark.
chooses quality as that added niche to the
distinguishing their products or services
Generally, certification is provided to
product
from other (competing) individuals or
manufacturers of products or providers of
Certification trademark with his/her existing
or
service,
incorporating
a
organizations so as not to confuse
services who comply with the requirements
trademark would create excitement to
consumers. In other words, consumers
set by the certification bodies. The
would-be purchasers in purchasing the
would not be confused as to the origin of
manufacturers or the providers are then
product or service. At the same time, it is
the products or services in relation to the
eligible to use the certification trademarks,
expected that the Certification Bodies
attached trademark.
belonging to the respective certification
continuously maintain their credibility which
bodies, onto their (certified) products or with
will then convince the consumers that
Trademark right is a form of intellectual
their (certified) services. These are seen as
products and services that carry their
property rights that is governed by
an assurance of quality attached to the
Certification trademarks have attained a
Trademark Law and Regulations. The
products or services and sales of products
certain level of quality. This partnership
primary objective of having a Trademark
or services may increase indefinitely.
between the manufacturers of products or
Law is to protect consumers against
Normally the certification bodies will charge
providers of services and the Certification
misleading origin of a product or service.
the manufacturers or the providers for the
Bodies will benefit the consumers for a
Apart from that, it serves as an incentive to
use of the certification trademarks.
very long time.
4
Standards and Quality News
Feature
Copyright Issues in
Standards and
Standard Documents
by A. Rahman Zuhri
Principal Consultant (Registered Patent and Trademark Agent)
Department of Intellectual Property Services and Knowledge Management
SIRIM Berhad
Do you know that standards by which we
mean documented standards, provide the
basis for controlling quality, protecting
consumer and public welfare as well as
ensuring
industrial
efficiency
and
developments are subject to copyright
protection? The work to develop standards
requires standards development agencies
to allocate resources in terms of financial
allocation, expertise, and efforts that would
still need some form of intellectual property
(IP) protection.
Why So?
Under Section 7(1) of the Malaysian
Copyright Act 1987, works that are eligible
for copyrights protection are: literary works;
musical works; artistic works; films; sound
recordings and broadcasts. A hard copy of
be considered as infringement to the owner
in the standard is quoted. Mindful about
a typical standard could very well fall within
rights.
moral
rights
associated
with
the
author/authors, and generally the user
the definition of literary work or derivative
work (as in the case where the standard is a
Owner of a standard could be one or the
translation of a standard from another
combination of the following: standards
issues in dealing with the copyrighted
language) even if it only contains technical
development agencies,, author of the
material.
should be knowledgeable enough about IP
subject matter. Under the Act, owner of a
standard, or any other legal entity having
copyrighted work would have the following
acquired the rights through any operation of
In adopting standards developed by the
exclusive rights: reproduction in any material
the law.
International
forms; communication to the public;
access to the standard would have limited
Standardization (ISO) as national standards,
performance, showing or playing to the
usage over the document because he/she
STANDARDS MALAYSIA as member of ISO
public; distribution of copies to the public by
does not own the document but merely
acknowledges ISO as the origin of the
sale or other transfer of ownership; and
acquired a license to use it in accordance to
standards and exert copyright ownership
commercial
public.
the agreed terms and conditions. The terms
over the national standards. In the case of
Undertaking any of these activities or any
are fairly universal, for example, the user
indigenous Halal Malaysian Standards, the
related actions related to such activities
cannot make copy except for backup, and
ownership
without prior consent from the owner would
to acknowledge the source when a caption
MALAYSIA. As such, a third party cannot
rental
to
the
A third party (or user) having
Organization
belongs
to
for
STANDARDS
Standards and Quality News
5
simply copy portion of the standard or make
exclusive rights of the copyright owner under
a copy of the standard for distribution within
Section 13(2) where, user might be tempted
never know if the owner want to
the organisation without permission from
to apply. As for example, under the provision
exercise his rights over you if you are
STANDARDS MALAYSIA even if, he/she
of “fair dealing” where, the exploitation of the
infringing their rights.
legitimately obtained the full copy of the
copyrighted work is for the purpose of non-
standard.,
the
profit research, private study, criticism,
copyright infringement action
review or the reporting of current event.
could be taken against the third party by
These activities are exempted from copyright
STANDARDS MALAYSIA should they wish to
infringement generally because they are for
do so.
the so-called “non-commercial” reason. The
permission,
Failure
in
obtaining
Berne Convention that deals with copyright
under copyright law and you may
The Don’ts:
•
•
Don’t infringe copyrighted material.
Getting caught will be expensive and
embarrassing.
•
Don’t use justification of “for public
The electronic form of a standard is also
issues also has clauses dealing with
good” argument for infringement as it is
subject to copyright protection.
dissemination of information under fair
unreasonable.
With the
prevalence of ICT and the availability of
dealing.
•
various on-line services offering various
forms of document delivery, standards are
It is believed that raising awareness on IP
not exempted from intellectual property
issues especially the Do’s and Don’ts in
abuses. Built-in security system such as
copyright is crucial since enforcing the rights
Digital Rights Management (DRM) could be
over alleged infringement would be time
incorporated with the on-line services to
consuming
mitigate possible copyright infringement
expensive. Examples of some of the Do’s
either intentionally or by accident, but at the
and Don’ts are as follows:
as
well
as
controlling them totally is next to impossible.
There are numerous ways the integrity of
guard should the owner of the
copyrighted material one day exercises
his IP rights over you.
Conclusion
As a responsible user of standards, we
The Do’s:
•
•
Do believe that using copyrighted
material without permission does hurt
copyright of standards in the electronic form
the creator/owner as well as the
can be compromised and these include
industry.
sharing of password that has been issued to
a single user for use on a specific site,
unenforceable. You may be caught off-
prohibitively
end of the day, respecting the copyright on
the part of the user is more crucial since
Don’t think that copyright law is
should be mindful of the efforts by various
parties involved to develop standards that
are useful for the industry and consumers.
We should acknowledge and value their
intellectual property and put our conscience
in the clear by not taking any action that
•
Do establish an organisation-wide
could be considered as infringement of their
illegally distributing copies of standards by
policy for managing the conduct of
intellectual property rights either directly or
email or photocopying, or uploading a
employees with regard to intellectual
indirectly. Various remedies are available to
purchased
property (your own as well of the
the owner/creator if his/her IP rights are
others) and do enforce them.
infringed should he/her wish to exercise
standard
onto
publically
accessible online facility. It should be noted
that in Malaysia and in many parts of the
world, even circumventing or causing any
•
Do use common sense when applying
the concept of “fair dealing” in
other person to circumvent any effective
copyrighted material. When in doubt,
technological measures that are used by the
contact your lawyer or an IP consultant
author or owner to control their copyright is
or the owner of the copyrighted
also considered as an infringement.
material.
them. They include civil and/or criminal actions.
It is wise not to be caught off-guard and not
choose to ignore it. If in doubt, contact your
lawyer or IP Consultant for advice.
References
Do know the facts about copyright
1.
Malaysian Copyright Act 1987 (Act 332)
developed by government organisations and
such as the nature, scope of protection
2.
ISO/IEC (2007) Copyright, standards
used for the benefit of consumers, the
and others.
One may argue that as standards are usually
exclusive rights should be made available for
free to all. However, under Section 11 of the
•
•
the
government,
however,
6
statutory
government
exceptions
Standards and Quality News
to
the
ISO (1997) Guidelines and Policies for
the Protection of ISO’s Intellectual Property.
refrain from distributing them if you do
not have the permission to do so.
organisations and international bodies are
eligible for copyright protection. There are
3.
especially if they are in softcopies, but
Malaysian Copyright Act 1987, even works
of
Do make backup of your standards
and the internet.
4.
ISO POCOSA (2005) ISO Policies and
Procedures for Copyright, Copyright
•
Do believe that standards, like any
Exploitation Rights and Sales of ISO
other qualified works, are protected
Publications – ISO POCOSA 2005.
Feature
Can Be and
Cannot Be
Patented in Malaysia
What
What
by Ong Chui Koon
Senior Principal Consultant and Head (Registered Patent, Trade Mark and industrial Design Agent)
Department of Intellectual Property Services and Knowledge Management
SIRIM Berhad
Introduction
They are “substantive” because they concern
than the patent application claiming the
the essence, the technical content of the
invention. Thus, if there is an earlier prior
A patent is a document issued by the
technical solution claimed to be an invention
publication containing a clear description of
Government of a State for the protection of
in the patent application. These three
or clear instructions to do or make something
an invention. Whether an invention can be
conditions of patentability are spelled out in
which would infringe the patentee’s claim if
patented or cannot be patented depends
Section 11 of the Malaysian Patents Act.
carried out after the grant of the patentee’s
on the national law of the State. This is
Hence in order for an invention to be
patent, then the patentee’s claim has no
because the rights accorded by a patent is
patentable in Malaysia, all these three
novelty. The “new” requirement under the
territorial in nature.
conditions must be fulfilled. These three
Patents Act, 1983 is a worldwide requirement.
conditions of patentability are used worldwide.
As such, one cannot simply apply for a
in Malaysia is the Patents Act, 1983 (Act
Other than protecting inventions by a full
disclosed elsewhere or has been patented
291). What is an invention is given in Section
patent system, Malaysia has a two-tier
outside Malaysia. The invention must be new
12 of the Act. According to Section 12 of
system in that there is also a petty patent or
both inside Malaysia and outside Malaysia in
the Act, an invention means an idea of an
utility model system of protection. This
order to be a patentable invention.
inventor which permits in practice the
alternative system is called a “utility
solution to a specific problem in the field of
innovation” system, which differs from a full
However, Section 14(3), Patents Act, 1983
technology and an invention may be or may
patent system in the sense that a lower level
expressly provides that certain disclosures
relate to a product or process. An example
of inventive step is required. The utility
are to be disregarded and thus do not
of a product invention is a telephone and an
innovation system is to enable those
constitute prior art, and they are:
The relevant law which protects inventions
patent for an invention which has been
example of a process invention is a process
inventions which would otherwise fail to
or method for the manufacture of vitamin C
qualify for a full patent to obtain some lesser
synthetically in a factory.
degree of protection.
Conditions of Patentability
a)
the date of the patent application and
if such disclosure was by reason or in
consequence of acts committed by the
New
It is generally recognised that a patent for
What is “new’ or “novel” is defined by
invention should be granted only when the
Section 14 of the Patents Act, 1983. An
invention is new, involves an inventive step
invention is new if it is not anticipated by
and is industrially applicable. Where the
prior art. Basically, prior art consists of
invention for which a patent for invention is
everything disclosed to the public throughout
applied for fulfils these three conditions, the
the world by written publication, or, in
invention is called “patentable”. The said three
Malaysia, by oral disclosure, by use or in any
conditions are usually referred to as the
other way, prior to the filing date of a patent
disclosure within one year preceding
applicant or his predecessor in title;
b)
disclosure within one year preceding
the date of the patent application and
if such disclosure was by reason or in
consequence of any abuse of the
rights
of
the
applicant
or
his
predecessor in title; and
c)
disclosure by way of a pending patent
conditions of “patentability”. More precisely,
application claiming the invention and
application to register the patent in the
these three conditions should be called the
including the contents of a domestic patent
United Kingdom Patent office as at the
“substantive” conditions of patentability.
application having an earlier priority date
date of coming into force of the 1983 Act.
Standards and Quality News
7
The grace period provided for under
invention would be allowed under the 1983
the morality or ordre public of the country
Section 14(3) of the 1983 Act is only
Act on the basis that any doubt should be
and inventions which are harmful to the
applicable for applying for a patent in
resolved in favour of the applicant.
human, animal, plant and the environment.
Malaysia only. Where an inventor desires to
file for a patent application outside Malaysia,
he must not disclose his invention at all
because certain countries or regional patent
office such as the European Patent Office
requires absolute novelty.
An example of such inventions would be
Non-Patentable
Inventions
where the cell lines of humans, animals and
plants
The Patents Act, 1983 also provides for
a list of non-patentable invention. Any
invention which meets the conditions of
Inventive Step
patentability mentioned above but which
Practice has shown that applicants are
patentable invention shall not be patentable
constantly seeking patents for inventions
notwithstanding the fact that they may
which vary from what is known only in some
be inventions within the meaning of
falls under the ambit of the list of non-
more or less minor details. The requirement
Section 12 of the Patents Act, 1983. The
of an “inventive step” is intended to avoid
list of non-patentable inventions includes
pedestrian
the following:
improvements
or
obvious
extensions to known products or processes.
a)
Therefore in order for an invention to meet
b)
plant or animal varieties or essentially
not easily seen or recognized by a person
made living micro-organisms, micro-
working in that area of technology. This is
biological processes and the products
important because a “good” patent shows
of such micro-organism processes;
schemes, rules or methods for doing
business, performing purely mental
acts or playing games; and
d)
Industrially Applicable
Furthermore, Section 85 of the 1983 Act
provides for the Registrar of Patent the
right to refuse the grant of a patent for
products or processes which would be
prejudicial to the interest or security of the
nation. An example of such inventions
the inventions secret rather than granting
a patent.
Conditions on Patent
Applicants
Upon
fulfilling
the
above
mentioned
requirements, a patent application may
be filed with the Patent Office. When filing a
patent application, the applicant is required
to describe the invention in a manner
take away something which the world
already effectively had and enjoys.
therefore be an unpatentable invention.
the Government would prefer to keep
of plants or animals, other than man-
truly have before. A “bad” patent on the
considered as against the morality or ordre
public (public order) of the country and would
mathematical methods;
show clear technical advantage which is
other hand, would create a monopoly and
human
would be weapons or instrument for use in
biological processes for the production
c)
through
the military or defence purposes where
minor improvement, but the invention must
and gives to the world something it did not
altered
discoveries, scientific theories and
the criterion of inventive step, the invention
must not be mere workshop modification or
are
intervention. Such inventions would be
methods for the treatment of human or
sufficiently clear and complete for the
animal body by surgery or therapy, and
invention to be carried out by a person
diagnostic methods practised on the
skilled in the art. The law also requires the
human or animal body.
applicant to indicate the best mode for
Section 16 of the 1983 Act provides that an
carrying out the invention known to the
invention shall be considered industrially
applicable if it can be made or used in any
kind of industry. This excludes from
patentability very few inventions which are
not already excluded by the aforementioned
requirements.
Among
the
very
few
inventions that are not susceptible to
industrial application, yet are not expressly
An example to illustrate this would be the
inventor at the filing date or, where priority is
case where a mouse has been transformed
claimed, at the priority date of the
genetically to be highly susceptible to human
application. This is to ensure that the
cancers.
The
new
mouse
called
an
Oncomouse would come within the Section
13 prohibition as an animal variety other than
man-made living microorganisms and would
operate in a manner clearly contrary to
well-established physical laws. An example
of this type of invention would be the
perpetual motion machine. It is uncertain
Term of Protection
therefore be an unpatentable invention.
Where
excluded from patentability would appear
to be articles or processes alleged to
disclosure of the invention to the public
merits the grant of a patent.
Inventions which are
Against the Morality or
Ordre Public (Public Order)
of the Country or Security
of the Nation
whether “industry” would include agriculture,
the
relevant
regulations
and
requirements of the Patents Act, 1983
have been complied with, the applicant
will be issued with a certificate of grant of
the patent. The term of protection
a vai l ab le is for a period of twenty
y e a r s counted from the filing date of
for example, whether new methods of treating
The Patents Act, 1983 also excludes from
the application subject to the payment
crops would be patentable. Perhaps such
patentability any invention which is against
of annuities.
8
Standards and Quality News
Feature
Record Management
and Quality Certification
by Prof. Madya Dr. Zawiyah Mohammad Yusof and Umi Asma’ Mokhtar (Member of the TC on Record Management)
Department of Information Science
Faculty of Information Science and Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
The Relation between
Record Management and
Quality Certification
management standard namely ISO 15489
standards series compliant. It is an unwise
provides systematic guidelines in managing
decision for organizations not to adopt
records. Studies in several countries
methods practised in record management
proved that the main problem to gain
or believe that quality is not related to record
In a current trend of today’s market, ISO
certification and comply with it, is related to
management at all. Apparently, once an
9001 certification becomes a ticket or
record management in quality management
organization develops an integrated record
platform for organizations to sell their
programme
2002).
plan with the intention to obtain the quality
products. ISO certification requires a
Quality system could not work effectively
certification, it shows that the organization
company or organization to have a detailed
without a good quality management
has adopted the same step as the record
(Gunnlaughsdottir,
and proper documentation in order to
programme. Though the implementation of
manager in administering and managing
achieve consistent outputs. The investment
quality system is tedious and complex,
records/documents.
for a quality system certification is rather
but the idea is simple, that is to document
costly, but it is worthwhile to embark on it as
what to ought be done and do what has
it will give untold advantages to the
been documented. The documentation
company or organization. But, there is an
enables
aspect (i.e. record management), that needs
consistency in the actions taken to be
to be revised or looked into prior to
communicated.
the
purpose,
intention
and
The Needs of Record
Management Conventional
Component in ISO 9001
ANSI/ISO/ASQC Q 9000 series indicates
clearly the elements which relate to
introducing the quality system.
Organizations need efficient techniques,
ISO 9001:2000 puts record management
principles, and methods to meet the
at a high profile while the new record
purpose
of
ANSI/ISO/ASQC
Q9000
records.
Any organizations adopting
record management programme or just
about to start embarking on it, is likely
Standards and Quality News
9
to meet the quality certification requirement
or procedure which does not exist due to
much easier.
improper documentation control. Though many
information:
managing
organizations put the blame on the activities,
inside
organization.
Record management, through its method
but it is significant that the ground root
Maryland: The Screcrow Press, Inc.
and approaches serve as a guide to ‘what-
problem lies in not having records to justify
to-do’, ‘how-to-do’ and ‘where-to-begin’.
the transactions that have taken place. Thus,
Section 4.16 in Q9001 clearly shows, by
organization ought to take proper and
implementing
management
integrated steps prior to implementing effective
components such as record creation
and efficient quality record management by
record
management, the development of retention
adopting records management. Quality
schedule, safeguarding the vital record, filing
system begins with records management.
system management, the management of
Records need special management which
2.
3.
Choksy, C. E. B. 2006. Domesticating
the
documents
Lanham,
Gunnlaugsdottir, J. 2002. The Quality
must be on record: a survey of
organizations having an ISO 9000
certification
in
Iceland.
Records
Management Journal 12(2):40-47.
4.
Langemo, M. 2002. Winning strategies
for successful records management
record centre, the development of scheme
organization, indexing and the knowledge of
how and when to dispose off quality record.
Record Management
Conventional Component
Record management also depends on the
Record Requirement
in ISO 9001
types of media and technology to organize,
store and retrieve quality records. It also
involves
knowledge
in
Record Creation Management
micrographic
management, optical disk technology and
Identify
easily
Form Management
the application of information technology tools.
Record Creation Management
Management and retention
Schedule Development
Differences Between
Conventional Record
Management Component
and Record Requirement
in ISO 9001
Record Creation Management
Management and Retention
Schedule Development
Record Disposal
Record Disposal
Vital Record Security
Vital Record Security
Filing Management
The component of records management in
conventional setting differs from that of
Micrographic Management
records requirement in ISO 9001. That is
Optical Disk Management
represented in Figure 1.
Filing Management
Indexing
Maintenance Storage
Retrieval Facility
Indexing
Maintenance
Information Technology
Storage
Retrieval
It is apparent from Figure 1 that quality
records is strongly related to record
management.
Sources for quality records
are all information created, documentations
Figure 1: Differences Between Conventional Records Management and Records
Requirement in ISO 9001.
Source: Brumm, 1999.
implemented and transactions performed in
organization.
Hence, these sources of
information will determine the effectiveness
of quality system. How are these sources of
information helping in the effectiveness of
quality system? It is the auditing process
that helps to validate the claim.
requires proper and systematic planning. It
programs.
should not be treated the same way as other
Requirements Clearinghouse.
as they comprise many categories and
unpublished information that should not be
Irwin McGraw Hill.
other unauthorized party.
References
1.
Brumm, E. K. 1999. Managing records
certification that involve document control
for ISO 9000 compliance. Kuala Lumpur:
particularly records of purchasing activities
Golden Books Centre Sdn. Bhd.
10
Standards and Quality News
O’Brien J. A. 2002. Management
information system. 5th Edition. US:
evident statistically that 60% of companies
failed to obtain immediate proposal for
5.
types. Records are internally generated and
and service quality by referring to recorded
information. Brumm (1999) reports that it is
Information
information. Records differ from information
revealed, disseminated and disclosed to any
Auditors may ask activities related to product
Denver:
6.
Torres, T. 2006. Successful records
management.
Tips
for
devising
records management strategy your
organization will use. A Microsoft
White Paper.
Updates
An Overview of Malaysian Standard (MS 2072:2008) -
Guidelines for Developing and
Implementing Early Action for
Site Remediation
by Engr. Choo Chee Ming, MIEM, P.Eng, Engr. Assoc
Prof.Dr Zainab Mohamed, FIEM, P.Eng. Co-Author
Engr. Dr. Yin Chun Yang, Grad. IEM
(Environmental Engineering Technical Division, IEM)
Cleansing
Management
Act
2007,
Environmental Quality Act 1974 and Local
Government Act 1976. This standard
identifies and describes a standard process,
technical requirements, information needs,
benefits and strategy for early action
remedies undertaken at contaminated sites.
It is applicable to contaminated sites as
defined by the Department of Environment
and Department of National Solid Waste
Management.
The guideline highlights the basic activities
associated with implementing an early
action such as construction of a Conceptual
Site Model (CSM), estimation of risk(s),
identification
of
exposure
control,
development of interim, selection of the
desired solution(s), attainment of legal
authority, design and execution of selected
solution(s)
and
post-implementation
monitoring of the CSM.
The common objectives for an early action
are to minimise human or environmental risk
exposure (or both) and the time required to
implement a final remedy. These early
This guideline is the first Malaysian Standard
authority of the Environmental Management
actions are aimed to safeguard the general
(MS2072:2008) that aims to provide
Industry
The
public and natural ecological as well as to
guidance to assist the planning, site
purpose of this guideline is to manage,
minimize the actual time required to
Standards
Committee.
selection, design and implementation of
control, or reduce the risks posed by
remediate a contaminated site. It is
partial, short-term, or early action remedies
contaminated sites. The early action
important to note that the guideline is not
undertaken at contaminated sites. This
remedies and strategies are applicable to
intended to replace legal requirements for
guideline was developed by the Working
the management of other regulatory
remediating
Group on Site Remediation under the
processes such as Solid Waste and Public
contamination. It is highly recommended
sites
of
environmental
Standards and Quality News
11
that the guideline be used to supplement
- Identification of manageable CSM
existing regulatory stipulation so that a
components
more effectual remedial effort can be
solution alternatives
implemented.
•
Salient procedures of early action for site
remediation presented in the guideline are
Gathering required information such as
studies, environmental analytical data
•
Early action performance assessment the success of an early action should
Funding of early actions - it is advisable
be assessed by comparing its actual
to identify and allocate (budget) only a
result to the predicted goal or desired
reasonable portion of the available
objective
•
•
Other considerations - funding limitations,
time constraints and other relevant
information
Prioritisation of early action solutions the alternative elements, including
The approval of this guideline is definitely a
desired
step forward in the management of derelict
results
and
technical
Development of the Conceptual Site
components, of a proposed early
and contaminated land since there was no
Model (CSM). The following information
action should be prioritised by the
such guideline previously. It will undoubtedly,
is presented in CSM:
affected parties
provide a useful tool to different stakeholders
- Environmental contaminants for all
•
pathways of a CSM
concentration of contaminants in all
- Contaminant source characterisation
•
•
contaminant
•
of
human
formulating
a
Preparation
and
environmental consultants so that they can
expedite clean up effort of a contaminated
site. As such, it is deemed that Malaysia is
moving in the right direction in terms of
of
Note: The authors are members of the
Implementation and documentation of
- during
Working Group on Site Remediation for which
SIRIM Berhad is the secretariat.
Puan Noraslina Mat Zain at 03- 5544 6339
Bibliography
Identification of requirements for early
1.
Standard guide for developing and
- Health and safety plan
and
early actions for site remediation.
- Sampling and analysis plan
- Early
action
plan
2.
including
Waste in Hospitals and Health Care
Establishment, July 1993.
unit/system operation, unit/system
test/performance
- Proactive development of early
to provide input to identify their
conform
to
the
plan
circumstances require change and
action
potentially contaminated sites - sites
written
that are dynamic and contain
modification is obtained.
pathways
commonly require sophisticated and
detailed site characterisation
Standards and Quality News
unless
•
authorisation
for
plan
Documentation retention - responsibility
for record keeping rests with the
property owner
Ministry
of
Housing
and
Local
Government - Technical Guideline for
Sanitary
Landfill,
Design
and
Operation, August 2006.
early action plan – Operations should
objectives for an early action.
migration
3.
- Execution and implementation of
concerns, risks, resources, and
early
monitoring,
community relations and site analysis
action remedies - all affected parties
Engineering Services Division, Ministry
of Health - Management of Clinical
of
security, mobilisation/demobilisation,
as follows:
of
ASTM D 5745-95 (Reapproved 2005),
implementing short term measures or
Identification of early action strategy
- Identification
For more
information, please contact the secretariat,
early actions as shown as follows:
and
environmental risk
complex
such as site remediation specialists and
governance of contaminated land.
finalisation
actions. The general requirement of
ecological contaminant exposure
- Estimation
before
must be documented and compared
- Estimation of concentration and
human
conducted
to the original objectives frequently
- Contaminant mass estimate
both
be
implementation of the plan, the results
air, and groundwater media
of
should
early action activities
migration
pathways through soil, surface water,
duration
solution
remedial plan
such as source location, boundaries,
volume and concentration
beneficial
remedial implementation plan
CSM pathways
- Potential
Selection and integration of early
actions - selection of the most
- Natural and secondary background
12
Post remedy monitoring plan
management benefits
and other relevant data.
•
action
balanced between cost and risk
historical records, interviews, previous
•
early
funding for early action, which is
listed and described as follows:
•
and
•
4.
Ministry
of
Housing
and
Local
Government - Guideline for Safe
Closure and Rehabilitation of MSW
Landfill Sites, August 2006 .
Updates
Malaysian Standards
on Noodles
by Zainorni Mohd Janis
Secretary of TC on Cereals, Pulses and Related Products
SIRIM Berhad
support the industry and for the benefit
Instant wheat noodles are characterised by
of consumers. The first MS on noodle
the use of pregelatinisation process and
was published in 1977, i.e. MS 526:1977,
dehydration either by frying or by other
Specification for instant noodles. This
methods and to qualify for the concept of
was
955:1985,
‘instant’, they should be cooked or soaked
Specification for beehoon (Rice vermicelli),
followed
by
MS
in not more than four minutes in boiling
MS 1112:1988, Specification for instant
water.
beehoon (Rice vermicelli) and MS 526:1988,
second revision of MS 526, Instant noodles
Specification for instant noodles (first
- Specification include amendment and
revision). A major change in the revision of
elaboration of the scope, amendment and
The major modifications in this
MS 526 is the inclusion of the test method
addition of a new definition on alkaline salt
to determine acid value which was based on
and further elaboration on the minimum
the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) test
requirements of the noodles. In addition,
method.
the labelling and hygiene requirements have
The latest progress in the development of
to the current relevant regulations and all
MS in this field is the development of two
test methods have been updated and
new MS, i.e. Wet and raw wheat noodles -
amended accordingly.
also been revised and amended according
Noodles are one of the staple foods for
Specification and Dried wheat noodles –
many Asian countries since ancient times.
Specification, and the second revision of
Projects which are in the pipeline are
There are many types of noodles, varying
MS 526:1988, Specification for instant
the
according to their regions of production,
noodles. For these noodles, wheat flour is
Specification for Beehoon (Rice Vermicelli)
ingredients,
shapes
the main ingredient. Wet noodle
is
and MS 1112:1988, Specification for
preparation.
They can be made, among
characterised by the use of partial or full
instant beehoon (rice vermicelli). Beehoon
others, from wheat, rice, buckwheat, and
cooking process and coated with vegetable
(rice vermicelli) is characterised by the use
starches derived from potatoes, sweet
oil to prevent sticking. Some examples of
of pregelatinisation and drying processes
potatoes, and pulses. In general, noodles
wet noodles are yellow alkaline, hokkien
whereas, instant beehoon (rice vermicelli) is
are made from unleavened dough and the
and udon noodles. Raw noodle is similar to
characterised by the use of pregelatinisation
and
manner
of
first
revision
of
MS
955:1985,
basic process in producing noodles are
wet noodles but with the inclusion of eggs
and drying processes, and it should also
dough mixing, sheet forming, reduction in
and coated with starches to prevent
be cooked or soaked in not more than 4
sheet forming, cutting, and cooking.
sticking. Raw noodles include wantan and
minutes in boiling water.
In
Malaysia, noodles have been accepted too
‘pan’ noodles.
As flour is the main ingredient in producing
as one of the staple foods, cutting across
There are two types of dried wheat noodles
various types of noodles, these MS are
Two types of noodles which are more
i.e. fried and non-fried. Fried dried noodles
applicable
commonly consumed in Malaysia are those
are “claypot yee mee”, “braised yee mee”
manufacturers, but also flour manufacturers
made from wheat and rice.
and fried “mee suah” whereas, non-fried
to ensure that the latter are able to supply
dried noodles include “mee siput”, “longevity
the flour suitable to produce noodles
In line with this situation, a few Malaysian
noodle”, “taucham mee”, “mee poh” and
meeting the requirements of these MS.
Standards (MS) have been developed to
other steamed and dried noodle variations.
the multiracial population in the country.
to
not
only
Standards and Quality News
noodle
13
News
Speed Hump Specification for Materials,
Design and Installation
by Assoc. Prof. Ir. Adnan Zulkiple
Chairman of the Working Group on Speed Hump
Abstract
Builders Berhad and Universiti Malaysia
This standard however does not cover the
Pahang. The Working Group on Speed
specification and installation of speed
Speed hump and speed bump have been
Hump which developed this Malaysian
bump.
used by relevant authorities and to some
Standard consists of representatives from
extent private entities as means to control
Kuala Lumpur City Hall, Malaysian Institute
traffic flow at roads or area under their
of Transport, Universiti Teknologi MARA,
jurisdiction. However, the practice is not
Perunding Atur Sdn Bhd, RW Consultancy
uniform in particular in term of the materials,
Sdn Bhd, SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat), the
design and installation of the speed
Institution of Engineers Malaysia, Universiti
reducing measures. Often speed bump (the
Kebangsaan
high impact but the worst of the two
Malaysia Pahang.
Malaysia
and
Universiti
Terms and Definitions
Speed hump
A raised pavement area across a roadway
with a rounded top of 3.70 m to 4.25 m
width and vertical rise of 75 mm to 100 mm
which can generally slow down vehicles
gently to speeds of 15km/h to 30km/h as
measures) is installed on roads when its
application is meant for use at private roads
This paper will highlight the scope of the
and parking lots. The specification that we
standard, terms and definitions with
have developed is for the materials, design
regard to speed hump and speed bump,
and installation of speed hump which is
purposes of speed hump installation,
recommended for nationwide practice by all
benefits
relevant parties (authorities, developers and
hump, public participation and profile,
contractors to name a few).
physical characteristic, materials, design,
and
drawbacks
of
shown in Figure 1.
speed
installation, signage and road marking of the
Introduction
speed hump.
This Malaysian Standard was developed by
the Working Group on Speed Hump under
Figure 1: Speed Hump
Scope
Speed hump
the authority of the Industry Standards
This standard specifies the requirements for
Committee on Building, Construction and
speed humps which includes speed hump
Civil Engineering. The Technical Committee
characteristics, materials used, design
on Roads and Highways which supervised
specifications, signages and locations to be
the development of this Malaysian Standard
installed and public participation.
Malaysia,
This Malaysian Standard serves as the
Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers, Fire
guideline for speed humps as one of the
and Rescue Department Malaysia, IKRAM
traffic calming measures on roads with legal
QA Services Sdn Bhd, Malaysian Highway
speed limits of 30 km/hr to 60 km/hr (with
Authority, OPUS International (M) Berhad,
upper limit of 80 km/hr for roads under the
OPUS International Group PLC, Pertubuhan
jurisdiction
Akitek Malaysia Projek Lebuhraya Utara-
Department), for the purpose of slowing
Selatan Berhad, Public Works Department
traffic to approximately 50 % at the road
Malaysia, SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat), UEM
sections before and after the speed humps.
14
Consulting
Engineers
Standards and Quality News
of
the
Public
with a rounded top of less than 1 m width
and vertical rise of 75 mm to 150 mm which
can slow down vehicles abruptly to speeds
of 8 km/h to 15 km/h as shown in Figure 2.
consists of representatives from Association
of
A significantly smaller size than speed hump
Works
Figure 2: Speed Hump
Purposes of Speed Hump
Installation
Speed hump is a common traffic calming
b)
vehicles may drive on sidewalks or
through front yards to avoid speed humps;
c)
traffic may be diverted to previously quiet
parallel streets in the neighborhood;
measures that when combined with other
physical measures will help to reduce the
negative effects of traffic flow, alter driver
Shapes of speed humps
d)
emergency service response time suffers;
e)
motorized street sweeping equipment
behavior, and improve safety for non-
Speed Hump Profile,
Physical Characteristics
and Materials
cannot be used at speed hump locations;
Common shapes of speed hump are
parabolic, circular and sinusoidal as shown
in Figure 3.
motorized street users.
f)
speed humps may interfere with street
However, traffic reduction is not necessarily
repaving, decreasing the effectiveness
a goal of traffic calming. Traffic volumes
of both the speed hump and the new
can be reduced through the use of route
pavement surface;
modification techniques such as road
Minimum length 3.70 m
g)
drainage water on some streets and
can
can cause flooding problems;
inconvenience
to
Maximum length 4.25 m
speed humps block the flow of
closures and turn restrictions, but these
cause
75 mm - 100 mm
Parabolic
local
residents and are often opposed on such
grounds. Traffic calming is concerned only
h)
speed humps require signages and
markings, which some residents may
with speed reduction and does not
can, though, help to discourage through
75 mm - 100 mm
Circular
consider unattractive; and
attempt to restrict vehicular access. It
Minimum length 3.70 m
i)
poor maintenance of road markings
Maximum length 4.25 m
and signages at speed reduction
traffic on certain streets and encourage
humps and similar structures can lead
other means of travel.
to
Benefits and Drawbacks
of Speed Hump
accidents
as
drivers
and
motorcyclists will not be fore warned of
the
impending
road
obstruction
75 mm - 100 mm
Sinusoidal
especially during inclement weather.
Minimum length 3.70 m
Benefits of Speed humps
Maximum length 4.25 m
Speed humps can help control speeding
on
Public Participation
local neighborhood streets and
places of public interest such as hotels
Figure 3: Common shapes of speed humps
Speed humps are constructed by the
and resorts, schools, universities, parks,
authorities as part of traffic calming
sporting venues, shopping centres and
measures or upon request by the local
car
residents.
parks.
Unlike
enforcement,
speed
traditional
humps
police
provide
travel over the devices. Shorter lengths and
Before any road hump is constructed,
discourage
by
views of public representatives such as
diverting it elsewhere. Worldwide studies
councilors and resident association, the
also show an average of 18 % reduction in
local
traffic volumes and an average of 13 %
(Malaysia Institution of Road Safety), the
reduction in collisions along the stretch of
Road Engineering Association of Malaysia
the
and the Institution of Engineers Malaysia
road
where
speed
traffic
humps
are
installed appropriately.
road
safety
research
institution
and details of road humps, road markings
and road signs should be clearly
Some drawbacks of speed humps are as
shown in drawings and then distributed
follows:
to
residents living near speed humps
have to tolerate increased noise
levels as vehicles traverse speed
humps day and night;
greater heights slow cars most drastically.
When placed in a series of 90 m to 180 m
apart, humps will reduce 85 percentile
speeds by 12 km/h to 15 km/h. Average
speeds resulting from installing speed
humps are 15 km/h to 30 km/h (40 km/h for
roads with 80 km/h speed limit).
should be considered. Proposed locations
Drawbacks of Speed humps
a)
The length and height of the speed humps
determine the speed at which traffic will
continuous service. They may also help
cut-through
Speed hump physical characteristics
The physical characteristics of a speed
hump are as follows:
affected
a)
rounded raised areas of pavement;
proprietors and residents. Briefings to these
b)
typically 3.70 to 4.25 m in length and
these
parties
parties
and
and
discussions
the
should
be
span across the width of the road;
conducted and the conclusion to be
evaluated technically and then incorporated
in the construction drawings.
c)
hump heights range between 75 mm
to 100 mm with a construction
tolerance of ± 3 mm;
Standards and Quality News
15
d)
common speed hump shapes are
parabolic, circular and sinusoidal;
f)
typically has pavement markings to
Types
Dimension
Material
Parabolic, Circular and
Sinusoidal
Length : 3.70 m to 4.25 m
Height : 75 mm to 100 mm
Asphaltic premix
wearing course,
concrete or rubber
enhance visibility (suggested to be of
yellow zebra);
g)
Table 1: Specification of speed hump
tapered to the edge near curbs to allow
7500mm
a gap for drainage; and
h)
Varies according
to site condition
7500mm
A
7500mm
Varies
according to site condition
Varies according to site condition
some have speed advisories for
A A
bicyclists and motorcyclists (prefer that
it does not cover or cross the bicycle or
600mm width
yellow bar
motorcycle lane).
600mm
width bar
yellow yellow
bar
gap
600mm600mm
widthwidth
600mm width
600mmgap
width
gap
Speed hump materials
Speed humps are constructed of asphalt,
concrete, or rubber. While traditionally most
A
A
humps were constructed of asphalt or concrete,
A
rubber is becoming increasingly common in
some countries for several reasons. Asphalt
Normal road line paint on hump surface
and concrete can be difficult to construct
3700mm to 4250mm
precisely while rubber products are preshaped to standardized sizes and thus
consistently
meet
industry
Hump premix
Hump premix
keyed
existing
keyedtotoexisting
wearing
wearingcourse
course
3700mm to 4250mm
3700mm to 4250mm
standards.
Minimum
25 25
Minimum
Hump premix
keyed to existing
wearing course
450mm
450mm
Minimum
25 25
Minimum
Meanwhile rubber speed humps are one of450mm450mm
the traffic management devices which are
Section A-A
450mm
used for permanent or temporary motor vehicle
Minimum 25
Minimum 25
450mm
speed reduction. It should be considered for
Width
of road
varies
to site
condition
Width
of road
varies
to site
condition
the installation when temporary and test
Width of road varies to site condition
the permanent asphalt speed humps. Rubber
75mm to 100mm
75mm to 100mm
temporary installation is required due to
75mm to 100mm
Elevation
75mm to 100mm
system. In addition (as claimed by the
manufacturers), unlike concrete and asphalt,
300mm taper
300mm taper
75mm to 100mm
speed humps also can be used whenever
certain changes in the traffic management
300mmtaper
taper
300mm
300mm
300mm
tapertaper
installation is required before construction of
areas where the speed limit is usually
75mm to 100mm
treated on a case to case basis. It is not
which necessitate frequent and high cost
less than 40 km/h. Where the spacing of a
recommended to be installed on road
replacements, rubber products are longer
series of humps is allowable, speed humps
sections with grades greater than 8%.
lasting and thus more cost-efficient.
Design, Installation,
Signage and Road Marking
Design specification of speed humps
The installation of speed humps should
can also be installed on local roads with
speed limit not exceeding 60 km/h.
Prohibited road sections
Speed humps are usually installed at the
Speed humps are not permitted at the
following areas:
following areas:
a)
residential streets;
a)
b)
midblock placement and not within the
area of an intersection; and
be in accordance with the specification
as in Table 1 and Figure 4.
c)
down the center of the street;
b)
on streets regularly used by buses,
trucks and emergency vehicles;
roadsides that work well with curb
extensions.
on streets where drainage water flows
c)
within 60 m of a STOP or YIELD sign;
d)
on streets dust proofed with Bituminous
Installation of speed humps
Permissible road sections
Installation on major roads, bus routes, or
The installation of speed humps is mainly
primary emergency response routes should
on local streets or roads within residential
be exercised with special cautions and
16
Standards and Quality News
Surface Treatment (BST) or on alleys;
e)
on or near steep grades or sharp curves;
f)
closer than 150 m apart if not designed
1890mm
in a series of humps; and
warning signage (advance warning sign at
appropriate distance before first hump in
200mm
White font
Red
200mm
colour
White font
150mm
150mm
colour
150mm
Red
AWAS
Bonggol
AWAS
Di hadapan
Bonggol
Kurangkan Laju
Di hadapan
White font
colour
Kurangkan
Laju
75mm diameter
Red
150mm
Class
A G.I pipe
150mm
Kurangkan Laju
White font
75mm diameter
colour
Class A G.I pipe
White font
75mm diameter
colour
Class A G.I pipe
Concrete 1:2:4
footing 300mm x
300mm x 525mm
Concrete 1:2:4
300mm
footing 300mm x
Type A Sign 300mm x 525mm
Concrete 1:2:4
150mm x 150mm x
13mm M.S plate
welded to post
footing 300mm x
300mm
300mm x 525mm
150mm x 150mm x
13mm M.S plate
525mm
525mm
2100mm
525mm
2100mm
hump). See Figure 5 and Figure 6;
2100mm
450mm
series and warning sign or object marker at
1890mm
Di hadapan
975mm
Speed hump must come with appropriate
1890mm
Bonggol
450mm
975mm
Warning signage and road marking
200mm
White font
colour
150mm
AWAS
975mm
on collector streets.
450mm
g)
Figure 6 (a): Speed hump signage design standard
forpost
type
A
welded150mm
to
x 150mm
x
300mm
900mm
Figure 5: Proper placement of warning sign
for a speed hump
900mm
450mm
450mm
450mm
2100mm
525mm
525mm
300mm
300mm
300mm
A typical Type A Sign depicted in Figure 6(a)
shall be positioned at 110m (measured from
the crown) before the location of a speed
hump. This signage shall be followed by the
525mm
525mm
2100mm
2700mm
2100mm
75mm diameterBlack
Class A G.I pipe
Concrete75mm
1:2:4 diameter
footing
300mm xClass
300mm
A G.Ixpipe
Concrete
1:2:4 footing
525mm
300mm x 300mm x
525mm
Concrete
1:2:4
150mm
x 150mm
x footing
x 300mm
13mm300mm
thick M.S
plate x
150mm
x
150mm
x
525mm
welded to post
300mm Type C Sign
13mm thick M.S plate
welded to150mm
post x 150mm x 300mm
13mm thick M.S plate
welded to post
300mm
2100mm
Type B Sign
Blackdiameter
75mm
White
Class A G.I pipe
525mm
Figure 7.
Black
White
30 Km/j
525mm
precise to avoid confusion as shown in
900mm
White
900mm
30 Km/j
The location of the markings should be
900mm
900mm
Yellow
900mm30 Km/j
understood immediately by all road users.
900mm
Yellow
900mm
2100mm
so that they may be recognized and
900mm
Yellow
2100mm
2700mm
2700mm
users. They may be used either alone or to
uniform in design, position and application,
900mm
900mm
regulate traffic or to warn or guide road
road markings and delineations should be
900mm
900mm
Road markings and delineations are used to
supplement other traffic control devices. All
13mm M.S plate
welded to post
900mm
Figure 6 (b): Speed hump signage design standard for type B and C
60m
60m
B
C
s
10m
B
C
s 60m10m
B
C
10m
s
placement of a Type B Sign and a Type C
Sign (typically depicted in Figure 6(b)) at
600mm
600mm
distances as shown in Figure 7.
600mm
600mm
600mm
Conclusion and Futher
Works
The specification of the materials, design and
installation of speed hump are ready for
practice by all relevant stakeholders. We are
looking forward to receive feedbacks on the
usefulness or constructive comments on any
of the items in the specification. In the near
future we hope to complete similar
specification for speed bump.
600mm
Legend
B Sign Type B
C Sign Type C
V (km/j)
40
60
80
C C
S (m)
7
9
11
10m10m
C
s
s
B
s
10m
60m60m
B
B
60m
Figure 7: Speed hump road markings (2-way traffic flow)
Standards and Quality News
17
News
A New Method of Making
Skin Regenerating Template
Skin regenerating template is useful for
advantage in that the thickness, pore size
wound healing, particularly for third degree
and the porosity of the bilayer can be
burns and hard-to-heal wounds. The
controlled
simply
by
modifying
the
researchers from SIRIM Berhad, Universiti
molecular weight of chitosan powder using
Sains Malaysia and the Malaysian Nuclear
gamma radiation.
Agency have developed a method of
The
producing a bilayer skin regenerating
regenerating template from chitosan
new
method
of
making
skin
template useful for wound dressing from
has been patented (Patent Application
chitosan. The bilayer skin regenerating
No. PI 2007 2205) and is now available
template consists of an inner porous
for commercialization. Companies or
sponge layer and an outer film layer is non-
entrepreneurs interested in taking up this
toxic and is use to protect the skin defects
new method of producing bilayer skin
from infections and dehydration. Skin
regenerating template can contact the
regenerating template made from chitosan
Marketing and Sales Department of
using
SIRIM Berhad.
the
present
method
has
the
Simplified process for
Certificate of Conformity (COC)
for the Saudi Arabian Market
Certificates of Conformity (COC) issued by
Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality
SIRIM QAS International which facilitate the
Organization (SASO), formerly known as
entry of Malaysian products into the
Saudi Arabian Standards Organisation is the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia no longer require
organisation responsible for the issuance
endorsements from Notaries Public, the
and implementation of standards, technical
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Malaysia and the
regulations and quality programs including
Embassy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Conformity Assessment Systems in the
This will benefit Malaysian industry as the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Certificate of Conformity Program is now
18
Standards and Quality News
more business friendly. The announcement
Contact:
was made by H.E. Mr. Nabil Amen Molla,
Mr. Harman Alang Kasim
Governor of Saudi Standards, Metrology
Tel:
03- 55446683
and Quality Organization during his visit to
Fax:
03-55446652
SIRIM QAS International on 12 June 2009.
Email: [email protected]
Announcement
Certification, Malaysian
Standards and International
Standards Updates
Updates on SQAS International Certification
Please refer to the following websites for current information on Product and Management System Certifications:
Contact person: Pn.Azlina Dzulkafli / Pn. Shuana Mohd Aris
Telephone: 603- 5544 6809 / 6822
E –mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
www.malaysiancertified.com.my
www.sirim-qas.com.my
Please refer to the following websites for updates on Malaysian Standards
MS Development Structure:
Recently Approved MS:
http://smsonline.sirim.my/FPublic.jsp
http://www.sirim.my/std_dev/
msstructure_files/msstructure.htm
http://www.sirim.my/std_dev/
ms_approved/latest_approved.htm
http://www.sirim.my/services.asp
MS Development Process:
MS Online:
http://www.sirim.my/std_dev/
ms_flow/processflow.htm
http://www.msonline.gov.my
Drafts MS for Public Comment:
http://www.sirim.my/std_dev/h4_01.htm
All of the above Information is also Available
at the following URL Address:
http://www.sirim.my/std_dev/
stdpage.htm
Industry Standards Committee (ISC) Websites:
http://smsonline.sirim.my/FPublic.jsp
Hardcopies of MS are also available at:
Department of Standards Malaysia (STANDARDS MALAYSIA) Tel: 603-8318 0002
SIRIM Berhad Tel: 603-5544 6102
Updates on International Standards
Please refer to the following website for updates on International Standards
www.iso.org & www.iec.ch
Standards and Quality News
19
Announcement
Risk Management
Standards:
Should Malaysia Adopt ISO 31000?
The challenges and the uncertainties of the
actively involved in the development of ISO
ISO/TMB/WG on Risk Management on the
current
following documents:
risk
31000. This committee was formed in 2006
management a top priority for boards and
economic
climate
make
as the National Mirror Committee (NMC) to
senior management. Organisations of all
the ISO/TMB/WG on Risk Management.
sizes are setting up their risk management
The Malaysian Standards development
programme or working on improving the
system and participation in International
existing programme. As risk becomes
Standardisation (ISO and IEC) are under
1.
ISO/FDIS-31000 (Risk Management Principles
and
Guidelines
on
Implementation)
everyone’s concern, the need for a guideline
the responsibility of the Department of
to assist in the implementation of an
Standards Malaysia, a government agency
effective risk management programme is
under the Ministry of Science, Technology
thus highly desired.
and Innovation (MOSTI).
There are various risk management models
The primary objective of forming such a
As part of ongoing activities, the NMC on
in the market for reference. Among them are
committee
the
Risk Management in collaboration with the
the Australian/New Zealand Standard,
development of Malaysian Standards in
Department of Standards Malaysia and
2.
ISO/Draft Guide-73 (Risk Management
- Vocabulary)
Announcement on Upcoming Forum on
Risk Management Standard
was
to
look
into
AS/NZS 4360 ‘Risk Management’, the
relation to Risk Management. The scope
SIRIM Berhad, is planning to organise a
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations
of the committee is standardisation of
FORUM
of the Treadway Commission (COSO)
the Risk Management approach and
STANDARD (ISO 31000) on 21 October
‘Enterprise Risk Management - Integrated
the development of guidelines for the
2009 at SIRIM Berhad, Shah Alam,
Framework’, the AIRMIC/ALARM/IRM ‘Risk
establishment and implementation of the
Selangor Darul Ehsan.
Management Standard’ and the British
Risk Management framework.
Standard, BS 31100 ‘Risk Management
Code of Practice’.
ON
RISK
MANAGEMENT
The forum is open to both the public and
The NMC is currently chaired by Associate
private sectors of Malaysia. The underlying
Professor Dr Hj Mohd Rasid Hussin of
rationale of organising such a forum is to
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). Members
disseminate relevant information pertaining
agenda and is discussed across borders,
of the NMC are experts from various
to ISO 31000 and elicit useful feedback
there is a need for a common terminology to
organisations including representatives
from all relevant stakeholders concerned in
As risk management hits the boardroom
facilitate communication on risk information.
from SIRIM Berhad, Malaysian Association
terms
Thus, the International Organization for
of Risk and Insurance Management (MARIM),
adaptation of ISO 31000 for Malaysia. Upon
Standardization (ISO) has taken the initiative
Telekom Malaysia Berhad, PETRONAS,
adoption/adaptation,
to develop an International Standard,
Universiti Darul Iman Malaysia (UDM),
standardisation among both the public and
of
potential
adoption
there
and/or
will
be
namely ISO 31000, Risk management -
Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Tenaga
private sectors in Malaysia on a single
Principles and guidelines, which provides
Nasional Berhad (TNB), Malaysia Airport
standard as the primary guideline on risk
principles and generic guidelines on risk
Holdings Berhad (MAHB), CyberSecurity
management.
management. ISO 31000 which is now at
Malaysia, Securities Commission, the Institution
its final draft stage is expected to be
of Engineers Malaysia (IEM) and Malaysian
Contact:
published soon.
Institute of Corporate Governance (MICG).
Ms. Azlina Abd. Latif
Tel:
03-5544 6310
MALAYSIA establishes its own Technical
Malaysia
Fax:
03-5510 8830
Committee on Risk Management which is
expertise and participated in the work of
20
Standards and Quality News
has
contributed
technical
Email: [email protected]