Name: _______________________
Class_______________
Date:______________
Chapter 10, Lesson 1 Notes – A New Party in Power
I.
THE ELECTION OF 1800
1. Federalists – John Adams as President and Charles Pinckney as Vice President;
Republicans – Thomas Jefferson as President and Aaron Burr as Vice President
2. Campaigning - hundreds of letters were sent to leading citizens and newspapers to
make candidates' views public
3. Federalists accused Jefferson of being "godless"; Republicans warned Federalists
favored wealthy and would bring back monarchy
II.
The Vote Is Tied
1. Voters in a presidential election are really electing groups of people called electors
2. Each state has as many electoral votes as it has members of Congress
3. Electors cast two ballots
i. Majority of votes became president
ii. Next-largest number of votes became vice president
4. 1800 - 73 electors cast ballots for Jefferson and Burr – tie vote
5. House of Representatives had to decide the election – 35 tied ballots (voted 35 times
and tied)
6. Someone finally decided not to vote for Burr
7. 1803 - Congress passed Twelfth Amendment to stop this from happening again electors cast one vote for president and one for vice president
III.
JEFFERSON’S INAUGURATION
1. Jefferson dressed in everyday clothes and walked to his inauguration
2. Wanted to limit the power and size of the federal government – called laissez-faire
IV.
JEFFERSON AS PRESIDENT
1. Jefferson and Albert Gallatin (Secretary of the treasury) - reduced national debt and
cut down military expenses
2. Jefferson limited number of federal workers to few hundred people
3. Government got rid of most federal taxes
4. Government's income would come from customs duties and from sale of western
lands
V.
JUDICIARY ACT OF 1801
1. John Adams used Judiciary Act of 1801 to make hundreds of appointments during
last days as president
2. Asked John Marshall to serve as chief justice
3. Last-minute appointees - "midnight judges" – needed commissions
4. Jefferson told Secretary of State James Madison not to deliver commissions
VI.
THE GROWING POWER OF THE SUPREME COURT
1. One appointee was William Marbury
2. Asked Supreme Court to force delivery
3. Court said it did not have jurisdiction – legal authority – to force delivery of
Marbury's commission
4. Marbury argued that an act of Congress gave the Court such authority
5. Court ruled that act violated Constitution
6. Marbury v. Madison – Chief Justice John Marshall’s opinion established three
principles of judicial review
i. Constitution is supreme law of the land
ii. Constitution must be followed when there is a conflict with any other law
iii. Judicial branch can declare laws unconstitutional
7. Marshall broadened power of the Court
i. Expanded federal power at expense of states
ii. McCulloch v. Maryland - Court held Congress does have implied powers
and that states cannot tax federal government
iii. Gibbons v. Ogden - Court held that federal law overrules state law in
matters affecting more than one state
iv. Worcester v. Georgia - Court decided that states could not regulate Native
Americans