Name: _______________________________________________
Class: __________
Date: __________
Key Concepts
Choose the letter of the best answer. (2 points each)
____ 1. An increase in temperature can cause liquid water to change to
A. ice cubes
C. rain
B. water vapor
D. sleet
____ 2. A decrease in temperature may cause water to change from a
A. solid to a liquid
C. solid to a gas
B. liquid to a solid
D. liquid to a gas
____ 3. Water is important because it
A. is necessary for life
B. never changes its form
C. covers 1/4 of Earth's surface
D. always exists in a liquid state
____ 4. Which of these correctly describes the water on Earth?
A. about 3% fresh water and 97% salt
C. about 76% fresh water and 24% salt
water
water
B. about 24% fresh water and 76% salt
D. about 97% fresh water and 3% salt
water
water
____ 5. Which water cycle process is rain?
A. precipitation
B. evaporation
C. condensation
D. transpiration
____ 6. Which water cycle process forms clouds?
A. evaporation
B. condensation
C. precipitation
D. transpiration
____ 7. Divides separate
A. wells
B. aquifers
C. permeable rock
D. drainage basins
____ 8. Groundwater that flows onto Earth's surface because the land in this location is below
the water table is called
A. an aquifer
C. aglacier
B. a spring
D. a well
____ 9. In a pond, an increase in nutrients may cause large amounts of algae to grow. This
increase is part of the process of
A. eutrophication
C. condensation
B. evaporation
D. turnover
Unit C, Chapter 1 Test.tgt, Version: 1
1
____ 10. During the summer, the warm surface water of a lake does not mix with the cooler
water underneath it. In the fall, though, this warm layer cools and sinks. This sinking is
part of lake
A. eutrophication
C. condensation
B. evaporation
D. turnover
____ 11. In which water cycle process does liquid water becomes water vapor?
A. condensation
C. precipitation
B. evaporation
D. transpiration
____ 12. Bodies of surface water are called
A. aquifers and impermeable rocks
B. ponds and impermeable rocks
C. lakes and ponds
D. aquifers and streams
____ 13. Water that collects and moves beneath Earth's surface is called
A. an aquifer
C. surface water
B. groundwater
D. a drainage basin
____ 14. Most of the volume of an iceberg is
A. beneath the ocean surface
B. above the ocean surface
C. beneath the ground surface
D. above the ground surface
____ 15. Most of Earth's fresh water is found in
A. glaciers and icebergs
B. rivers and streams
C. ponds and lakes
D. aquifers and springs
____ 16. In the ground, the highest level that is saturated with water is called the
A. permeable layer
C. water surface
B. impermeable layer
D. water table
____ 17. Precipitation that has become part of an aquifer is an example of
A. lake water
C. artesian water
B. salt water
D. groundwater
____ 18. Which of the following is a type of hot spring?
A. aquifer
C. artesian well
B. geyser
D. drainage basin
Unit C, Chapter 1 Test.tgt, Version: 1
2
Math in Science
Using the diagram, answer the following questions. (4 points each)
19. How much water evaporates over land?
20. How much water flows from the land to the ocean?
21. Subtract the precipitation over the ocean from the amount of water that evaporates over the
ocean.
22. How does the amount of water flowing from the land to the ocean compare with your
answer from the previous question? Explain why this might be.
23. How does the amount of water that evaporates over land compare with the amount of water
that evaporates over the oceans? Explain.
Unit C, Chapter 1 Test.tgt, Version: 1
3
Interpreting Visuals
Using the diagram, answer the following questions. (4 points each)
24. In the spaces provided, label the permeable layer and the impermeable layer of rock.
25. In the spaces provided, label the spring and the artesian well.
26. Draw a well made by humans on the diagram. Where is the best site for the well?
27. What may happen to the water table if the city draws too much groundwater out of the
well?
Unit C, Chapter 1 Test.tgt, Version: 1
4
Extended Response
Answer the following questions on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet of paper. (6
points each)
28. Applying Draw two pictures to show what happens during a fall lake turnover. One picture
should show the lake in the summer. The other should show the same lake in the fall. Use
these words to label your pictures: summer,fall,warm water layer,cold water layer,oxygen,
and nutrients.
29. Describing Describe an aquifer. Then list two reasons why aquifers are important to
humans. Use these terms: groundwater,impermeable rock,permeable rock,refill,filter, and
natural resource.
30. Explaining Explain the process of eutrophication. Use these terms in your answer: nutrients
,algae,oxygen, and meadow.
Unit C, Chapter 1 Test.tgt, Version: 1
5
Answer Sheet
1. B. water vapor
2. B. liquid to a solid
3. A. is necessary for life
4. A. about 3% fresh water and 97% salt water
5. A. precipitation
6. B. condensation
7. D. drainage basins
8. B. a spring
9. A. eutrophication
10. D. turnover
11. B. evaporation
12. C. lakes and ponds
13. B. groundwater
14. A. beneath the ocean surface
15. A. glaciers and icebergs
16. D. water table
17. D. groundwater
18. B. geyser
19. 71,000 km3
20. 36,000 km3
21. 434,000 km3 - 398,000 km3 = 36,000 km3
22. The two amounts of water are the same.This is because water on Earth is continuously
cycling through the ocean, land, and atmosphere. Water lost from the ocean to the land will
eventually be replaced by the land as part of the cycle.
23. More water evaporates from over the oceans than from over land because oceans make up
nearly three-quarters of Earth's surface.
24. The bottom write-on-lines should say "impermeable layer" and "permeable layer," left to
right.
25. The top write-on-lines should say "artesian well" and "spring," left to right.
26. The well should extend from the surface into a permeable layer of rock that is holding water.
Unit C, Chapter 1 Test.tgt, Version: 1
6
27. The water table will drop.
28. Extended Response Rubric
6 points for a response that accurately depicts the changes that take place during lake
turnover by showing two figures correctly labeled with all six terms
Sample: Students' drawings should be very similar to those shown on page 19 in the student
edition.
Summer lake diagram: This diagram should be labeled "Summer." Water near the top of the
lake should be labeled with "warm water layer" and "oxygen," and deeper waters should be
labeled with "cold water layer" and "nutrients." It should be clear that the warm water layer
and the cold water layer do not mix during the summer.
Fall lake diagram: This diagram should be labeled "Fall." There should be no warm water
layer or cool water layer labels, because the water is mixing. Nutrients and oxygen should be
shown as mixing.
5 points: accurately depicts the changes that take place during lake turnover by showing two
figures correctly labeled with five terms
4 points: partially depicts the changes that take place during lake turnover by showing two
figures correctly labeled with four terms
3 points: partially depicts the changes that take place during lake turnover by showing two
figures correctly labeled with three terms
2 points: partially depicts the changes that take place during lake turnover by showing two
figures correctly labeled with two terms
1 point: partially depicts the changes that take place during lake turnover by showing two
figures correctly labeled with one term
Unit C, Chapter 1 Test.tgt, Version: 1
7
29. Extended Response Rubric
6 points for a response that correctly describes an aquifer and its importance to humans and
accurately uses all six terms
Sample: An aquifer is a layer of rock under the ground that holds water. It is made of
permeable rock, or rock that will let water flow through it. In an aquifer, there is also a layer
of impermeable rock underneath the permeable layer. This impermeable rock prevents the
water from draining away. Because water collects slowly in an aquifer, a source of water that
refills it is also needed.
Aquifers are important to humans because they act as filters. Water seeps slowly through the
aquifer and is cleaned in the process. Aquifers are also important because the groundwater
they hold is a valuable natural resource. Many cities and towns depend on groundwater from
aquifers for their fresh water supply.
5 points: correctly describes an aquifer and its importance to humans and accurately uses at
least four terms
4 points: correctly describes an aquifer or its importance to humans and accurately uses at
least four terms
3 points: correctly describes an aquifer and its importance to humans and accurately uses at
least two terms
2 points: correctly describes an aquifer or its importance to humans and accurately uses at
least two terms
1 point: correctly describes an aquifer or its importance to humans or accurately uses at least
two terms
30. Extended Response Rubric
6 points for a response that correctly describes eutrophication and accurately uses all four
terms
Sample: Eutrophication occurs when there is an increase in the amount of nutrients in a lake
or pond. The increase in nutrients causes algae to grow rapidly. This algae forms a thick
scum on the water. Oxygen levels in the pond or lake then begin to decrease. As a result,
many organisms die. Dead organisms begin to pile up. This sediment allows plants to grow
rapidly. When these plants die, though, they add to the debris. Eventually, the lake fills in
completely and becomes a meadow.
5 points: correctly describes eutrophication and accurately uses three terms
4 points: correctly describes eutrophication and accurately uses two terms
3 points: partially describes eutrophication and accurately uses two terms
2 points: partially describes eutrophication and accurately uses one term
1 point: partially describes eutrophication or accurately uses one term
Unit C, Chapter 1 Test.tgt, Version: 1
8
Standards Summary: All Standards In Test
NC 8.3.02.a
Water distribution on earth.
NC 8.3.02.b
Local river basin.
NC 8.3.03.b
Marine ecosystems.
NC 8.3.07.b
Possible effects of excess nutrients in North Carolina waters.
Unit C, Chapter 1 Test.tgt, Version: 1
9