Definition of Chemistry
September 24, 2014
WARM-UP
SEPT. 24, 2014
1. What is a physical property?
-Characterisitics that can be measured without
changing the substance into something new
2. What are three examples of physical properties?
-Density, Volume, Mass
3. What is matter?
-Anything with mass and volume
4. What is a chemical property?
-Characteristics measured when matter becomes
new substance
5. Is flammability a physical property or a chemical
property?
CHEMICAL
6. What is the full definition of chemistry?
-The study of matter, its structure and composition,
interactions with other matter, and energy involved
7. Is reactivity a chemical or physical property?
8.If a lead ball has a density of 11.35 g/cm3 and a
mass of 454 g what is the volume of the ball?
Definition of Chemistry
9.
September 24, 2014
a. Density of A?
Sink or float?
b. Density of B?
Sink or float?
c. Density of C?
Sink or float?
10.
An object with a mass of 24 g and volume of 24 mL is
most likely which substance?
11. Which of the substances would sink in water?
Definition of Chemistry
September 24, 2014
Properties of Matter
Introduction to Matter
Definitions
Sept. 22, 2014
1
CHEMISTRY IS…
• The study of matter, its structure
and composition, its interactions
with other matter and the
energy involved!!
2
Definition of Chemistry
September 24, 2014
MATTER IS…
• Anything with mass and
volume
> Ex: desk, shoes, water
> Ex of something that is NOT
matter: light, energy
3
CONSERVATION OF MATTER IS…
• You can never
create or destroy
matter
• All matter is
conserved
4
Definition of Chemistry
September 24, 2014
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY IS…
• You can never create or destroy
energy
• All energy is conserved
5
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• Characteristics that can be
measured or observed without
matter changing into a new
substance
> Examples: Density, boiling point,
conducting heat
6
Definition of Chemistry
September 24, 2014
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• MASS: the amount of matter in
an object
7
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• VOLUME: the amount of space an
object occupies
> Equation: length × width× height
> 3 cm × 2 cm × 1 cm = 6 cm3
> Displacement: V final – V initial
> 9.5 mL – 5 mL = 4.5 mL
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Definition of Chemistry
September 24, 2014
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• WEIGHT: the pull of gravity on
an object
9
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• DENSITY: amount of matter per unit
of space
• Mass divided by volume
>
20 g / 10 mL = 2 g/mL
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Definition of Chemistry
September 24, 2014
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• INERTIA: Resistance to change in
position or motion
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
•
•
•
•
ENERGY: Ability to do work
Potential Energy: stored energy
Kinetic Energy: energy of motion
Radiant Energy: energy of
electromagnetic waves
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Definition of Chemistry
September 24, 2014
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
• Characteristics of matter are
measured or observed when a
substance changes into a new
one
>
Examples: Reactivity, Flammability,
Rusting
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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
• REACTIVITY: the ability of matter
to combine chemically with
another substance
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Definition of Chemistry
September 24, 2014
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
• FLAMMABILITY: the ability of
matter to burn
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INDICATORS OF CHEMICAL
REACTION
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gas production
Forming a new solid (precipitate)
Color Change
Temperature change
New odor
Light produced
EXPLOSION!
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Definition of Chemistry
September 24, 2014
Calculating Density
NOTES AND DENSITY PROBLEMS
1
DENSITY NOTES AND PRACTICE
1. What is density defined as? Mass divided by Volume
2. What is density basically telling us?
How much matter is a certain amount of space
3. Our baseline for density will be distilled water. What is
3
the density of distilled water? 1.0 g/cm
4. If an object sinks in water, what must its density be?
More than 1.0 g/cm3
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5. If an object floats on water, what must its density
be?
Less than 1.0 g/cm3
Definition of Chemistry
September 24, 2014
DENSITY NOTES AND PRACTICE
6. What is our equation for density? Mass / Volume
7. How would we put that equation into triangle form?
To use the density triangle:
Cover the symbol
you are trying to
solve for.
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8. What are two ways for determining volume:
a.
DENSITY
NOTES
PRACTICE
Using
formulas
(lengthAND
x width
x height)
b. Us
9. What are our units for density when we determine
8. What are two ways for determining volume:
density by measuring volume with a ruler?
a. Using formulas (length x width x height)
b. Object displacement (final volume - initial volume)
9. What are our units for density when we determine
density by measuring volume with a ruler?
g/cm3
10. What are our units for density when we determine
density by measuring volume by displacement?
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g/mL or g/L
Definition of Chemistry
September 24, 2014
DENSITY PROBLEMS
EXAMPLE: Osmium is a very dense metal. What is its
density in g/cm3 if 50.00 g of the metal occupies a
volume of 2.22cm3?
TRIANGLE
ANSWER
Known: _____________
Known: _____________
Unknown:___________
16
DENSITY PROBLEMS
ANSWERS:
1. 574.6 mL
2. 6 g/cm3
3. D = 0.74 g/cm3 Yes, it is probably oak wood
4. 0.0286 cm3
5. 150,000 g
6. 208.26 g
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Definition of Chemistry
September 24, 2014
DENSITY PROBLEMS
If blood has a density of 1.05 g/mL, how many mL of
blood are donated if 575 g of blood are given?
TRIANGLE
ANSWER
Known: _____________
Known: _____________
Unknown:___________
16
DENSITY PROBLEMS
What is the density of 48 g of a metal if the metal
raises the water in a grad. cylinder from 25 mL to 33
mL?
TRIANGLE
ANSWER
Known: _____________
Known: _____________
Unknown:___________
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Definition of Chemistry
September 24, 2014
DENSITY PROBLEMS
Different kinds of wood have different densities. The
density of oak wood is generally 0.7 g/cm3. If a 35
cm3 piece of wood has a mass of 25 g, is the wood
likely to be oak?
TRIANGLE
ANSWER
Known: _____________
Known: _____________
Unknown:___________
16
DENSITY PROBLEMS
Diamonds has a density of 3.5 g/cm3. How big is a
diamond that has a mass of 0.10 g?
TRIANGLE
ANSWER
Known: _____________
Known: _____________
Unknown:___________
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Definition of Chemistry
September 24, 2014
DENSITY PROBLEMS
What mass of water in grams will fill a tank 100 cm
long, 50 cm wide, and 30 cm high? Dwater= 1.0 g/cm3
TRIANGLE
ANSWER
Known: _____________
Known: _____________
Unknown:___________
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DENSITY PROBLEMS
A graduated cylinder is filled with water to 40.0 mL.
When a piece of copper is lowered into the cylinder,
the water rises to 63.4 mL. Find the volume of the
copper sample. If the density is 8.9 g/cm3, what is
mass?
TRIANGLE
ANSWER
Known: _____________
Known: _____________
Unknown:___________
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Definition of Chemistry
September 24, 2014