Chemistry Section 5 Chemical Bonding
ICan2Ed, Inc.
Chemistry 5.4: Ionic Bonds
An ion is an atom in which the total number of electrons is not
equal to the total number of protons. Ions are atoms with either
extra e_________ or missing e________.
An atom that gains an electron is called an anion. This
nitrogen atom, because it has gained an extra electron is an
a________.
A cation is an atom that has lost an electron. An atom that has
given up an e_________ is called a c_______.
When an atom loses (donates) an electron, it carries a net
p________ charge.
When an atom gains (accepts) an electron, it carries a net
n________ charge.
A chemical bond occurs when two or more atoms attach to
each other, forming a compound. An ionic bond occurs when
one atom loses one or more electrons and one atom gains one
or more electrons. The permanent transfer of electrons
between atoms creates an i_______ b______.
A cation is an atom that has lost an electron. An atom that
gains an electron is called an anion. The compound that is
formed from the attraction of a cation and anion is an i______
b______.
When a cation, which carries a positive charge, joins with an
anion, which carries a negative charge, an i_______ b_____ is
formed.
All atoms (except hydrogen and helium) bond together in a
way to have eight valence electrons (octet rule). This
illustration shows that both the sodium and the chlorine atoms
carry eight electrons when joined in an i_______ b______.
Atoms share their valence electrons in a c__________ bond.
The permanent transfer of electrons between atoms creates an
i_______ b______.
In ionic bonding, more than 1 e_______ can be donated or
received to satisfy the octet rule.
A cation carries a p________ charge.
An anion carries a n________ charge.
Ionic bonds form between metals, which become cations, and
nonmetals, which become anions. The bond that occurs
between metals and nonmetals is the i_______ b______.
When naming an ionic compound, the m______ is always
named first, and the n_______ is named second.
In this illustration the m_______ is sodium (a cation) and the
n________ is chlorine (an anion).
A cation carries a p________ charge because there are more
protons in the atom than electrons.
An anion carries a n________ charge because there are more
electrons in the atom than protons.
This illustration shows an atom of magnesium, a m______, a
c______ with a positive charge, is connected to two chlorine
atoms, the n_________, which are a________ with negative
charges.
Ionic compounds tend to form crystalline solids. Positive
sodium atoms and negative chlorine atoms join together to
form a c_________ solid called table salt.
Table salt, as a solid, is made up of many positively charged
sodium atoms and the same number of negatively charged
chlorine atoms arranged in an alternating c_________
structure.
There are three main types of ionic c__________ structures
held together by strong intermolecular force (force between
molecules).
All chemical bonds between molecules are created because of
i______ f_____.
Molecular compounds are held together by strong i______
forces.
The c__________ structure of table salt is held together by
i__________ forces.
Both attraction and repulsion are possible in the i__________
f______ between atoms and molecules.
Ionic compounds dissolve easily in polar liquids.
Intermolecular forces are interrupted when the compound is
d________ in a liquid.
Intermolecular forces are changed when ionic compounds are
d________ by placing them in a polar liquid.
A p______ liquid, such as water (H2O) is able to d________ an
ionic compound.
An ionic bond is easy to d________ in a polar solution.
REVIEW
Ions are atoms with either extra e_________ or missing
e________.
An atom that has given up an e_________ is called a
c_______.
An atom that gains an e_______ is called an a_______.
A cation carries a p________ charge.
An anion carries a n________ charge.
The permanent transfer of electrons between atoms creates an
i_______ b______.
When a cation, which carries a positive charge, joins with an
anion, which carries a negative charge, an i_______ b_____ is
formed.
Positive atoms and negative atoms join together to form a
c_________ solid.
There are three main types of ionic c__________ structures.
Both attraction and repulsion are possible in the i__________
f______ between atoms and molecules.
Intermolecular forces are interrupted when the compound is
d________ in a polar liquid.
An ionic bond is easy to d________ in a polar solution.