Prerequisites: Know how to observe and listen. Work with partners and be responsible with materials. Preconceptions: Sound comes from people’s mouths. Sound travels in one direction like a flash light beam. Sound cannot travel through water. Loudness and pitch of sounds are confused with each other. Hitting an object harder changes its pitch. FOSS KIT: Physics of Sound (3-­‐4) Teacher Notes: •
See Stop Faking It NSTA Press – Sound pgs. •
Sound is energy! The purpose of this kit is to teach energy concepts. Use sound as a form of energy as part of the discussion in all investigations (not directly discussed in FOSS) •
Students infer that sounds have identifiable characteristics. Objects can be identified by the sound that they make when they are dropped. Vocabulary: property, sound discrimination The identifiable properties of sounds can be used to make a code. Vocabulary: code, vibration, sound source, sound receiver, volume Students recognize that sound is a form of energy. Sound energy can be generated by making things vibrate. Vocabulary: energy Students can distinguish between pitch and volume. Students recognize that length affects pitch. Vocabulary: pitch, frequency, volume, tension Students discover that sound needs a medium to travel. Sound travels better through solid objects than through air. Students solve problems and challenges using acquired knowledge of sound. 4-­‐5 PS3A: Energy has many forms, such as heat, light, sound, motion, and electricity. Pre-­‐Investigation Discussion: Can sounds become a source of communication? Pre-­‐Assessment: What causes sound? How does sound travel to our ears? Drop Challenge Data Sheet Response Sheet – Investigation 1 (Why would you use different coins of materials? Explain) Student sheet #4-­‐5 (use to guide investigations) Created by: Dave and Chelsea Hasenpflug Pre-­‐Lesson Assessment: Making Sound: Uncovering Student Ideas in Science (Page Keeley) Vol. 1 Pg. 43 The Tone Generator sheet Discussion (about instruments): Can we direct our sound energy? Pre-­‐Investigation Discussion: Predict what effect length has on pitch (discuss meaning of pitch vs. volume) Pre-­‐Investigation Discussion: Can sound travel through water? FOSS Student sheets #6-­‐9 Response Sheet Investigation #3: How Sound Travels Sound is caused by vibration. Sound is a form of energy. Sound Challenges Activities Discussion: What can we learn about sound through our own careful observations? 4-­‐5 PS3D: Sound energy can be generated by making things vibrate. Develop a solution to a problem by using a simplified technological design process. 4-­‐5 APPC: Problems of moderate complexity can be solved using the technological design process. This process begins by defining and researching the problem to be solved.