BERKELEY HEIGHTS PUBLIC SCHOOLS BERKELEY HEIGHTS, NEW JERSEY GOVERNOR LIVINGSTON HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT PHYSICS #SCY1210 PHYSICS HONORS #SCY1220 Curriculum Guide September 2010 Mrs. Judith Rattner, Superintendent Mrs. Patricia Qualshie, Assistant Superintendent Mrs. Susan Rembetsy, District Supervisor Developed by: James Flakker Daniel McGovern This curriculum may be modified through varying techniques, strategies, and materials, as per an individual student’s Individualized Education Plan (IEP) Approved by the Berkeley Heights Board of Education at the regular meeting held on 10/28/10 . TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Vision Statement ............................................................................................................ 1 Mission Statement ......................................................................................................... 2 Course Proficiencies ....................................................................................................... 3 Course Objectives ............................................................................................... 3 Student Proficiencies .......................................................................................... 4 Methods of Evaluation ........................................................................................ 6 Course Outline/Student Objectives ................................................................................ 7 Resources/Activities Guide ............................................................................................. 14 Suggested Materials ....................................................................................................... 15 Resources for Students ....................................................................................... 16 Resources for Teacher ......................................................................................... 16 VISION STATEMENT Through the study of this program, students will gain an understanding of physical principles, while applying problem‐solving techniques to real‐world investigations. In addition, the students will be able to evaluate information, use technology appropriately, and apply knowledge to solve laboratory and real world questions. Students will seek to obtain a general understanding of major ideas in physics, including mechanics (forces, energy, and rotation), electricity and magnetism, and optics. Berkeley Heights Public Schools 1 MISSION STATEMENT The philosophy of this program is to develop scientifically literate individuals with an appreciation for, and in insight into, the complexities of physics. Topics included in this course are: ™ Mechanics (forces, energy, and rotation) ™ Electricity (electrostatics and DC circuits) and magnetism ™ Simple harmonic motion and mechanical waves ™ Geometrical optics Students enrolled in the physics program will be expected to complete laboratory exercises that stress independent and group work skills. These laboratory exercises will include interpretation of data, making inferences, and forming conclusions. The students will work in cooperative groups and as an independent student to investigate topics and present them in a meaningful manner. Students will demonstrate the ability to effectively communicate in a variety of ways, including oral and written presentations and reports (including laboratory reports), class participation, homework, class work, note‐taking, and projects. Student performance will be evaluated using a variety of traditional and alternate forms of assessment. Physics and Physics Honors are intended for students in grades 11‐12. Six (6.0) credits are earned upon successful completion of this full year course. The New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards in Science have been integrated throughout the curriculum. Berkeley Heights Public Schools 2 COURSE PROFICIENCIES COURSE OBJECTIVES 1. To deepen the student’s conceptual understanding of introductory physics, including theories, techniques, and interrelationships between physical quantities. (5.2/12A1, D1,4, E1‐4) 2. To develop the student’s problem‐solving and analytic thinking skills through the application of physics concepts, to a wide variety of situations. (5.1/12A1‐2, B1,4) 3. To apply quantitative and qualitative reasoning skills developed in this course, to many other disciplines and areas of life. (5.1/12A1‐3, B1‐4) 4. To use algebra and trigonometry, to develop expressions for specific situations, based upon the student’s understanding of the basic physical principles involved. (5.1/12A1, B2) 5. To analyze data obtained in the laboratory to discern patterns and relationships among the quantities studied. (5.1/12A2,3, B3,4, C1,3) 6. To communicate science clearly, through presentations, written homework solutions, lab reports, and class discussions. (5.1/12D1‐2) 7. To evaluate the quality of data obtained in the laboratory through error analysis, and to suggest ways to improve upon a given experiment. (5.1/12A3, B4, C1‐2) Berkeley Heights Public Schools 3 STUDENT PROFICIENCIES The student will be able to: 1. Apply Newton’s Laws of Motion to predict the behavior of systems (5.2/12E3‐4) 2. Recognize the relationship between gravitational force, mass, and distance. (5.2/D1) 3. Understand and predict the behavior of charged bodies. (5.2/12A1) 4. Appreciate the relationship between electrical and magnetic forces. 5. Define the various forms of energy, understand energy conservation, and describe transformations from one form to another, including dissipation to heat. 6. Recognize that the different components of the electromagnetic spectrum are all forms of light, of different frequencies and wavelengths. 7. Analyze physical changes on Earth in terms of energy transformations. (5.2/12D4) 8. Acquire effective problem‐solving skills in both the classroom and laboratory settings. (5.1/12A1‐2, B1,4) 9. Express physical relationships in terms of mathematical equations. (5.1/12A1) 10. Apply safe laboratory practices. 11. Evaluate the quality of data collected experimentally, as well as computed results (5.1/12A3, B4, C1‐2) 12. Recognize how technological achievements impacted human history. 13. Report the results of experimental investigations with mathematical accuracy and precision (5.1/12A1, B4) 14. Construct and analyze graphs and tables of collected data. (5.1/12A1) 15. Identify the connection between scientific inquiry and technological development. 16. Explore and assess the relative merits of different technological solutions. Berkeley Heights Public Schools 4 STUDENT PROFICIENCIES (continued) 17. Demonstrate an understanding of the limitations of various measurement tools (5.1/12A1) 18. Suggest multiple solutions to a technological problem and evaluate the merit of each solution. 19. Adopt a variety of roles in a group, to facilitate reaching a common goal. (5.1/12D1) 20. Demonstrate effective communication, time and resource management, and organization and decision‐making skills. (5.1/12D1) Berkeley Heights Public Schools 5 METHODS OF EVALUATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Tests. Quizzes. Laboratory reports. In‐class assignments. Class participation. Homework. Projects. Midterm and final exams. Proficiency with applicable hardware and software. Berkeley Heights Public Schools 6 SCOPE AND SEQUENCE COURSE OUTLINE/STUDENT OBJECTIVE The student will be able to: NJ Core Curriculum Strands & Standards/ Indicators Grade 5.1/12 A1‐3 B1‐4 C1‐3 D1‐2 5.1/12 5.2/12 A1‐3 B1‐4 C1‐3 D1‐2 E1‐2 5.1/12 5.2/12 A1‐3 B1‐4 C1‐3 D1‐2 E1‐2 5.1/12 A1‐3 B1‐4 C1‐3 D1‐2 Course Outline/Student Objectives I. Introduction To Physics (1 Week) A. Define Science Versus Technology B. Use the Metric System C. Apply the Rules of Significant Figures in Calculations D. Convert Metric Measurements Using Dimensional Analysis E. Compare and Contrast Accuracy and Precision F. Use Scientific Notation G. Demonstrate Knowledge of Trigonometric Functions H. Employ Safe Laboratory Practices I. Interpret Data II. One Dimensional Kinematics (R: 2 Weeks, H: 1 Week) A. Define Vectors and Scalars 1. Compare and contrast distance and displacement 2. Compare and contrast speed and velocity B. Compare and Contrast Average and Instantaneous Velocity C. Construct and Analyze Motion Graphs D. Define Acceleration E. Compare and Contrast Velocity and Acceleration F. Compare and Contrast Aristotle and Galileo’s Views on Freely Falling Bodies G. Analyze Bodies in Free Fall III. Two Dimensional Kinematics (R: 2 Weeks, H: 2 Weeks) A. Demonstrate Vector Components B. Determine Vector Resultants C. Explore Projectile Motion 1. Analyze horizontal launches 2. Analyze angled launches IV. Forces (R: 4 Weeks, H: 3 Weeks) A. Name and Describe the Four Fundamental Forces B. Compare and Contrast Newton and Aristotle’s Views of Motion Berkeley Heights Public Schools 7 5.2/12 E1‐4 5.1/12 5.2/12 5.4/12 A1‐3 B1‐4 C1‐3 D1‐2 E1‐4 A1,5‐6 5.1/12 5.2/12 A1‐3 B1‐4 C1‐3 D1‐2 D1 E1 IV. Forces (continued) C. Describe and Apply Newton’s Laws of Motion D. Relate Newton’s Second Law to Weight E. Analyze Two Dimensional Systems Involving Normal Forces, Weight, Tension, and Friction F. Identify and Compute Types of Friction G. Analyze System in Two Dimensions at Angles to the Horizontal H. Analyze Pulley Systems V. Uniform Circular And Planetary Motion (R: 3 Weeks, H: 2 Weeks) A. Recognize Circular Motion as Constant Acceleration Due to a Change in Direction B. Define and Calculate Period of Rotation C. Identify Centripetal Forces D. Analyze Systems with Centripetal Acceleration (Swing, Flat Curve, Banked Curve) E. Relate the Earth’s Rotation to Gravitational Pull on Bodies at Different Locations on the Earth’s Surface F. Explain and Apply Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion G. Understand that Gravitational Force is Proportional to Both Masses and the Inverse Square of the Separation Distance H. Recognize Different Data Gathering Technologies Used by Astronomers I. Cite Evidence Supporting Different Theories on the Origin and Evolution of the Universe (Regular Optional) VI. Work And Energy (R: 3 Weeks, H: 2 Weeks) A. Define and Compute Work Done by a Force in the Direction of Motion B. Analyze Two Dimensional Systems for the Work Done C. Identify the Different Forms of Energy D. Assess the Risks and Benefits Associated with Alternative Sources of Energy E. Compare, Contrast, and Compute Kinetic Energy, Gravitational Potential Energy, and Elastic Potential Energy F. Understand the Law of Conservation of Energy G. Apply the Law of conservation of Energy to Solve Problems Berkeley Heights Public Schools 8 5.1/12 5.2/12 A1‐3 B1‐4 C1‐3 D1‐2 D4 E1 5.1/12 5.2/12 A1‐3 B1‐4 C1‐3 D1‐2 E1‐4 5.1/12 5.2/12 A1‐3 B1‐4 C1‐3 D1‐2 E1‐4 5.1/12 A1‐3 B1‐4 C1‐3 D1‐2 VI. Work And Energy (continued) H. Use Multiple Representations, Such as Bar Charts, to Depict Energy Transformations VII. Impulse And Momentum (R: 2 Weeks, H: 1 Week) A. Illustrate the Relationship Between Mass, Velocity, and Momentum B. Compare and Contrast Momentum and Impulse C. Recognize Conservation of Momentum D. Predict Final Velocities Applying the Law of Conservation of Momentum in 1‐D and 2‐D Collisions E. Analyze Elastic and Inelastic Collisions F. Compare Center of Gravity and Center of Mass VIII. Rotational Kinematics And Dynamics (H: 2 Weeks) A. Compare and Contrast Linear and Angular Motion Quantities B. Analyze Systems with Constant Angular Acceleration C. Recognize How to Maximize Torque D. Demonstrate the Second Condition of Equilibrium E. Analyze Systems in Rotational Equilibrium F. Compute Rotational Kinetic Energy G. Understand Rolling Motion H. Apply Conservation of Angular Momentum IX. Simple Harmonic Motion (R: 1 Week, H: 1 Week) A. Analyze Systems Moving in Simple Harmonic Motion B. Compare Uniform Circular Motion to Simple Harmonic Motion C. Model and Explore Factors That Determine the Period of
a Pendulum D. Explore Hooke’s Law and Analyze Hooke’s Law E. Relate Elastic Potential Energy to Degree of Spring Compression X. Waves And Sound (R: 2 Weeks, H: 2 Weeks) A. Model and Distinguish Among Types of Waves B. Differentiate Among Frequency, Amplitude, and Wavelength C. Describe Constructive and Destructive Interference D. Understand What Quantities Affect Wave Speed E. Explore Characteristics of Sound Waves F. Investigate the Production and Propagation of Sound Waves G. Recognize Factors That Determine the Speed of Sound Berkeley Heights Public Schools 9 5.1/12 A1‐3 B1‐4 C1‐3 D1‐2 X. Waves And Sound (continued) H. Compute Speed of Sound in Air at Different Temperatures (Regular/Honors Optional) I. Describe the Benefits and Risks of Applications of Sound Waves J. Explore the Intensity of Sound Waves K. Investigate Resonance L. Diagram and Compute Standing Waves in Air Columns M. Diagram and Compute Standing Waves in Strings N. Compute the Doppler Shift O. Describe and Compute Beat Frequency XI. Geometrical Optics (R: 4 Weeks, H: 2 Weeks) A. Compare and Contrast Light and Sound Waves B. Describe How the Components of the Electromagnetic Spectrum are Related to Frequency, Wavelength, and Energy Level C. Relate intensity to the Inverse Square of Distance D. Distinguish Among Transparent, Translucent, and Opaque E. Compare and Contrast Colors of Light F. Define and Provide Examples of the Law of Reflection G. Explain Total Internal Reflection and Compute Critical Angles H. Understand Applications of Total Internal Reflection I. Compare and Contrast Images Produced by Plane and Spherical Mirrors J. Draw and Label Ray Diagrams for Concave and Convex Mirrors K. Apply the Focal Length and Magnification Equations L. Explain the Sign Conventions for the Mirror Equations M. Compare and Contrast Spherical and Parabolic Mirrors N. Provide Examples of Images Formed by Refraction Across a Single Boundary O. Compute The Size and Location of Images Formed by a Single Refraction (Apparent Depth) P. Explain the Relationship Between the Speed of Light and
the Density of the Medium Q. Compare and Contrast Indices of Refraction R. Diagram and Compute Refraction Angles Using Snell’s Law S. Diagram Images Formed by Concave and Convex Lenses T. Apply the Focal Length and Magnification Equations Berkeley Heights Public Schools 10 5.1/12 5.2/12 A1‐3 B1‐4 C1‐3 D1‐2 A1 E1‐4 5.1/12 5.2/12 A1‐3 B1‐4 C1‐3 D1‐2 E1,3‐4 5.1/12 A1‐3 B1‐4 C1‐3 D1‐2 XI. Geometrical Optics (continued) U. Explain the Sign Conventions for the Lens Equations V. Investigate Multiple Lens Systems XII. Electrostatics (R: 1 Week, H: 1 Week) A. Demonstrate Properties of Electric Charges B. Distinguish Between Insulators and Conductors C. Compare and Contrast Methods of Charging an Object D. Explain the Behavior of an Electroscope E. Apply Coulomb’s Law as an Example of an Inverse Square Law F. Analyze Millikan’s Experiment (Honors Optional) G. Analyze Coulomb’s Law in 2D Situations H. Evaluate Quadratic Equations to Solve Complex Coulomb’s Law Situations XIII. Electric Fields And Potential (R: 1 Week, H: 1 Week) A. Define and Compute Electric Fields in Terms of Force and Charge B. Diagram Electric Fields C. Compute the Electric Fields Set‐Up by a System of Point Charges in Two Dimensions D. Define Electric Potential Energy E. Apply Conservation of Energy to Electricity Situations F. Explain and Compute Potential Difference G. Diagram and Compute Equipotential Surfaces XIV. Current And DC Circuits (R: 3 Weeks, H: 2Weeks) A. Define Electric Current B. Investigate Ohm’s Law C. Diagram Circuits with Circuit Symbols D. Define and Describe Resistance E. Compare and Contrast Resistance and Resistivity F. Compute Electrical Energy Losses in Terms of Power G. Identify Multiple Sources of Direct Current H. Compute Resistance in Series and Parallel Circuits I. Investigate Series and Parallel Circuits Using Ammeters and Voltmeters J. Understand Ohm’s Law K. Compute Equivalent Resistance L. Apply Ohm’s Law to Solve Simple Series and Simple Parallel Circuits M. Understand and Apply Kirchhoff’s Laws Berkeley Heights Public Schools 11 5.1/12 5.2/12 A1‐3 B1‐4 C1‐3 D1‐2 E1,3‐4 XV. Magnetism (H: 1 Week) A. Explain the Earth’s Magnetic Properties as Related to the Earth’s Structure and Rotation B. Diagram Magnetic Fields C. Compare and Contrast the Source of Electrical Phenomena and Magnetic Phenomena D. Apply the Right Hand Rule to Charges Moving in Magnetic Fields E. Predict the Strength and Direction of Magnetic Forces Between Current Carrying Wires F. Investigate the Electromagnet and Compute the Strength of its Magnet Field G. Explain How a Cathode Ray Tube Functions 5.1/12 A1‐3 XVI. Relativity (H: 1 Week) B1‐4 A. Explain Newtonian Relativity C1‐3 B. Provide Examples of Limitations of Newtonian D1‐2 Relativity C. Describe the Michaelson‐Morley Experiment D. Recognize Einstein’s First and Second Postulates E. Explain Einstein’s Special Theory 1. Compute the Lorentz factor 2. Describe and compute time dilation 3. Explain the twin paradox 4. Provide examples and compute length contractions 5. Provide examples of non‐simultaneity Note: The New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards can be accessed at www.state.nj.us Berkeley Heights Public Schools 12 RESOURCES/ACTIVITIES GUIDE 1. MIT’s General Physics Lecture Series on iTunesU. Berkeley Heights Public Schools 13 SUGGESTED AUDIO VISUAL/COMPUTER AIDS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Computer Interface Probe System: PASCO Interfaces and Probes. The films of Ray and Charles Eames: Powers of Ten. TI‐82/3/4 Graphing Calculator. TI‐34 Scientific Calculator. PHET Simulations (phet.colorado.edu). Discovery Channel’s Mythbusters. paer.rutgers.edu/pt3. Mechanical Universe film series. Berkeley Heights Public Schools 14 SUGGESTED MATERIALS Resources for Students Text/Text Related Resources: Zitzewitz, Paul W., et al. Merrill Physics: Principles and Problems. McGraw‐Hill Publishing, 2005. Glencoe Website www.physicspp.com Text/Text Related Resources (H): Wilson, Jerry D., and Anthony J. Buffa. College Physics. 5th ed. Prentice Hall, 2003. Prentice Hall Website www.prenhall.com/wilson Resources for Teacher Text/Text Related Resources: Zitzewitz, Paul W., et al. Merrill Physics: Principles and Problems. McGraw‐Hill Publishing, 2005. (Teacher’s edition) Glencoe Website www.physicspp.com Supplemental Problem Manual Textbook Problems Solution Manual Laboratory Manual Teaching Transparencies CD‐ROM Test and Exam Maker Laboratory Manual Berkeley Heights Public Schools 15 SUGGESTED MATERIALS (continued) Resources for Teacher (continued) Connecting Math to Physics Manual Text/Text Related Resources (H): Wilson, Jerry D., and Anthony J. Buffa. College Physics. 5th ed. Prentice Hall, 2003. (Teacher’s edition) Instructor’s Solution Manual Prentice Hall Website www.prenhall.com/wilson Test Generator EQ Berkeley Heights Public Schools 16