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Answers to Tutorials and
Lettered Exercises
TUTORIAL 1, page xix
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A verb has to agree with its subject. (21)
Each pronoun should agree with its antecedent. (22)
Avoid sentence fragments. (19)
It’s important to use apostrophes correctly. (36)
Check for -ed verb endings that have been dropped. (27d)
Discriminate carefully between adjectives and adverbs. (26)
If your sentence begins with a long introductory word group, use a comma
to separate the word group from the rest of the sentence. (32b)
8. Don’t write a run-on sentence; you must connect independent clauses with
a comma and a coordinating conjunction or with a semicolon. (20)
9. A writer must be careful not to shift his or her [not their] point of view. Or
Writers must be careful not to shift their point of view. (13a)
10. Watch out for dangling modifiers. (12e)
TUTORIAL 2, page xix
1. The index entry “each” mentions that the word is singular, so you might not
need to look further to realize that the verb should be has, not have. The first
page reference takes you to section 21, which explains in more detail why
has is correct. The index entry “has vs. have” also leads you to section 21.
2. The index entry “lying vs. laying” takes you to section 27b, where you will
learn that lying (meaning “reclining or resting on a surface”) is correct.
3. Look up “only” and you will be directed to section 12a, which explains that
limiting modifiers such as only should be placed before the words they
modify. The sentence should read We looked at only two houses before buying the house of our dreams.
4. Looking up “you, inappropriate use of” leads you to section 23d and the
Glossary of Usage, which explain that you should not be used to mean “anyone in general.” You can revise the sentence by using a person or one instead of you, or you can restructure the sentence completely: In Saudi Arabia, accepting a gift is considered ill mannered.
5. The index entries “I vs. me” and “me vs. I” take you to section 24, which explains why her sister and me is correct.
TUTORIAL 3, page xx
1. Section 32c states that, although usage varies, most experts advise using a
comma between all items in a series — to prevent possible misreadings or
ambiguities. To find this section, Ray Farley would probably use the menu
system.
2. Maria Sanchez and Mike Lee would consult section 29, on articles. This section is easy to locate in the menu system.
3. Section 24 explains why Jane and me is correct. To find section 24, John Pell
could use the menu system if he knew to look under “Problems with pronouns.” Otherwise, he could look up “I vs. me” in the index. Pell could also
578
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Exercise 9–1, page 87
579
look up “myself ” in the index or he could consult the Glossary of Usage,
where a cross-reference would direct him to section 24.
4. Selena Young’s employees could turn to sections 21 and 27c for help.
Young could use the menu system to find these sections if she knew to look
under “Subject-verb agreement” or “Standard English verb forms.” If she
wasn’t sure about the grammatical terminology, she could look up
“-s, as verb ending” or “Verbs, -s form of” in the index.
5. Section 26b explains why “I felt bad about her death” is correct. To find section 26b, Joe Thompson could use the menu system if he knew that bad versus badly is a choice between an adjective and an adverb. Otherwise he
could look up “bad, badly” in the index or the Glossary of Usage.
TUTORIAL 4, page xxi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Changing attitudes toward alcohol have affected the beer industry.
It is human nature to think wisely and act foolishly.
Correct
Our goal this year is to increase our profits by 9 percent.
Most sleds are pulled by no fewer than two dogs and no more than ten.
TUTORIAL 5, page xxi
Alim, H. Samy. “360 Degreez of Black Art Comin at You: Sista Sonia Sanchez and
the Dimensions of a Black Arts Continuum.” BMa: The Sonia Sanchez
Literary Review 6.1 (2000): 15-33.
Chang, Jeff. Can’t Stop, Won’t Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop
Generation. New York: St. Martin’s, 2005.
Davis, Kimberly. “The Roots Redefine Hip-Hop’s Past.” Ebony
June 2003: 162-64. Expanded Academic ASAP. InfoTrac.
Ray Cosgrove Lib., Truman Coll., Chicago. 13 Apr. 2005 <http://
infotrac.galegroup.com>.
Randall, Kay. “Studying a Hip-Hop Nation.” University of Texas at Austin. 11 Apr.
2005. 13 Apr. 2005 <http://www.utexas.edu/features/archive/2003/
hiphop.html>.
Sugarhill Gang. “Rapper’s Delight.” The Sugarhill Gang. LP. Sugarhill, 1979.
EXERCISE 8–1, page 83
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The Prussians defeated the Saxons in 1745.
Ahmed, the producer, manages the entire operation.
The video game programmers awkwardly paddled the sea kayaks.
Emphatic and active; no change
Protesters were shouting on the courthouse steps.
EXERCISE 9–1, page 87
Possible revisions:
a.
Police dogs are used for finding lost children, tracking criminals, and detecting bombs and illegal drugs.
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b.
c.
d.
e.
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Answers to Tutorials and Lettered Exercises
Hannah told her rock-climbing partner that she bought a new harness and
that she wanted to climb Otter Cliffs.
It is more difficult to sustain an exercise program than to start one.
During basic training, I was told not only what to do but also what to think.
Jan wanted to drive to the wine country or at least to Sausalito.
EXERCISE 10–1, page 92
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
A good source of vitamin C is a grapefruit or an orange.
The women entering VMI can expect haircuts as short as those of the male
cadets.
The driver went to investigate, only to find that one of the new tires had
blown.
The graphic designers are interested in and knowledgeable about producing
posters for the balloon race.
Reefs are home to more species than any other ecosystem in the sea.
EXERCISE 11–1, page 95
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Using surgical gloves is a precaution now taken by dentists to prevent contact with patients’ blood and saliva.
A career in medicine, which my brother is pursuing, requires at least ten
years of challenging work.
The pharaohs had bad teeth because tiny particles of sand found their way
into Egyptian bread.
Recurring bouts of flu caused the team to forfeit a record number of games.
This box contains the key to your future.
EXERCISE 12–1, page 100
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Our English professor asked us to reread the sonnet very carefully, looking
for subtleties we had missed on a first reading.
The monarch arrived at the gate in a gold carriage pulled by four white
horses.
Rhonda and Sam talked almost all night about her surgery.
A coolhunter is a person who can find the next wave of fashion in the unnoticed corners of modern society.
Not all geese fly beyond Narragansett for the winter.
EXERCISE 12–2, page 103
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
When I was ten, my parents took me on my first balloon ride.
To replace the gear mechanism, you can use the attached form to order the
part by mail.
As I nestled in the cockpit, the pounding of the engine was muffled only
slightly by my helmet.
After studying polymer chemistry, Phuong found computer games less
complex.
When I was a young man, my mother enrolled me in tap dance classes, hoping I would become the next Savion Glover.
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Exercise 14–3, page 118
581
EXERCISE 13–3, page 109
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Courtroom lawyers have more than a touch of theater in their blood.
The interviewer asked if we had brought our proof of birth and citizenship
and our passports.
Reconnaissance scouts often have to make fast decisions and use sophisticated equipment to keep their teams from detection.
After the animators finish their scenes, the production designer arranges the
clips according to the storyboard and makes synchronization notes for the
sound editor and the composer.
Madame Defarge is a sinister figure in Dickens’s A Tale of Two Cities. On a
symbolic level, she represents fate; like the Greek Fates, she knits the fabric
of individual destiny.
EXERCISE 14–1, page 115
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The X-Men comic books and Japanese woodcuts of kabuki dancers, all part
of Marlena’s research project on popular culture, covered the tabletop and
the chairs.
Our waitress, costumed in a kimono, had painted her face white and
arranged her hair in an upswept lacquered beehive.
Students can apply for a spot in the foundation’s leadership program, which
teaches thinking and communication skills.
Shore houses were flooded up to the first floor, beaches were washed away,
and Brant’s Lighthouse was swallowed by the sea.
Laura Thackray, an engineer at Volvo Car Corporation, designed a pregnant
crash-test dummy to address women’s safety needs.
EXERCISE 14–2, page 117
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
These particles, known as “stealth liposomes,” can hide in the body for a
long time without detection.
Irena, a competitive gymnast majoring in biochemistry, intends to apply her
athletic experience and her science degree to a career in sports medicine.
Because students, textile workers, and labor unions have loudly protested
sweatshop abuses, apparel makers have been forced to examine their labor
practices.
Developed in a European university, IRC (Internet Relay Chat) was created
as a way for a group of graduate students to talk about projects from their
dorm rooms.
The cafeteria’s new menu, which has an international flavor, includes
everything from enchiladas and pizza to pad thai and sauerbraten.
EXERCISE 14–3, page 118
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
Working as an aide for the relief agency, Gina distributed food and medical
supplies.
Janbir, who spent every Saturday learning tabla drumming, noticed with
each hour of practice that his memory for complex patterns was growing
stronger.
When the rotor hit, it gouged a hole about an eighth of an inch deep in my
helmet.
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e.
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Answers to Tutorials and Lettered Exercises
My grandfather, who was born eighty years ago in Puerto Rico, raised his
daughters the old-fashioned way.
By reversing the depressive effect of the drug, the Narcan saved the patient’s
life.
EXERCISE 16–1, page 127
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Martin Luther King Jr. set a high standard for future leaders.
Arlene has loved cooking since she could first peek over a kitchen tabletop.
Bloom’s race for the governorship is futile.
A successful graphic designer must have technical knowledge and an eye
for color and balance.
You will deliver mail to employees in every building.
EXERCISE 17–1, page 131
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
In my youth, my family was poor.
This conference will help me serve my clients better.
Have you ever been accused of beating a dead horse?
Government studies show a need for after-school programs.
Passengers should try to complete the customs declaration form before
leaving the plane.
EXERCISE 17–2, page 137
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Dr. Geralyn Farmer is the chief surgeon at University Hospital. Dr. Paul
Green is her assistant.
All applicants want to know how much they will make.
Elementary school teachers should understand the concept of nurturing if
they intend to be successful.
Students of high-tech architecture pick a favorite when they study such inspirational architects as Renzo Piano and Zaha Hadid.
If we do not stop polluting our environment, we will destroy the Earth.
EXERCISE 18–1, page 141
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
We regret this delay; thank you for your patience.
Ada’s plan is to acquire education and experience to prepare herself for a
position as property manager.
Tiger Woods, the ultimate competitor, has earned millions of dollars just in
endorsements.
Many people take for granted that public libraries have up-to-date networked computer systems.
The effect of Gao Xinjian’s novels on Chinese exiles is hard to gauge.
EXERCISE 18–2, page 142
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
Queen Anne was so angry with Sarah Churchill that she refused to see her
again.
Correct
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Exercise 20–2, page 163
c.
d.
e.
583
The parade moved off the street and onto the beach.
The frightened refugees intend to make the dangerous trek across the
mountains.
What type of wedding are you planning?
EXERCISE 18–3, page 145
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
John stormed into the room like a hurricane.
Some people insist that they’ll always be available to help, even when they
haven’t been before.
The Cubs easily beat the Mets, who were in trouble early in the game today
at Wrigley Field.
We worked out the problems in our relationship.
My mother accused me of evading her questions when in fact I was just saying the first thing that came to mind.
EXERCISE 19–1, page 155
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Listening to the CD her sister had sent, Mia was overcome with a mix of
emotions: happiness, homesickness, nostalgia.
Cortés and his soldiers were astonished when they looked down from the
mountains and saw Tenochtitlán, the magnificent capital of the Aztecs.
Although my spoken Spanish is not very good, I can read the language with
ease.
There are several reasons for not eating meat. One reason is that dangerous
chemicals are used throughout the various stages of meat production.
To learn how to sculpt beauty from everyday life is my intention in studying
art and archaeology.
EXERCISE 20–1, page 163
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The city had one public swimming pool that stayed packed with children all
summer long.
The building is being renovated, so at times we have no heat, water, or electricity.
The view was not what the travel agent had described. Where were the
rolling hills, the fields of poppies, and the shimmering rivers?
All those gnarled equations looked like toxic insects; maybe I was going to
have to rethink my major.
City officials told FEMA they had good reason to fear a major earthquake:
Most [or most] of the business district was built on landfill.
EXERCISE 20–2, page 163
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
Wind power for the home is a supplementary source of energy that can be
combined with electricity, gas, or solar energy.
Aidan viewed Sofia Coppola’s Lost in Translation three times, and then he
wrote a paper describing the film as the work of a mysterious modern
painter.
Correct
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e.
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Answers to Tutorials and Lettered Exercises
“He’s not drunk,” I said. “He’s in a state of diabetic shock.”
Are you able to endure boredom, isolation, and potential violence? Then the
army may well be the adventure for you.
EXERCISE 21–1, page 174
a. Subject: friendship and support; verb: have; b. Subject: Shelters; verb: offer;
c. Subject: source; verb: is; d. Subject: chances; verb: are; e. Subject: card and
haiku; verb: were
EXERCISE 21–2, page 174
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
One of the main reasons for elephant poaching is the profits received from
selling the ivory tusks.
Correct
A number of students in the seminar were aware of the importance of joining the discussion.
Batik cloth from Bali, blue and white ceramics from Delft, and a bocce ball
from Turin have made Angelie’s room the talk of the dorm.
Correct
EXERCISE 22–1, page 180
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Every presidential candidate must appeal to a wide variety of ethnic and social groups to win the election.
David lent his motorcycle to someone who allowed a friend to use it.
The aerobics teacher motioned for all the students to move their arms in
wide, slow circles.
Correct
Applicants should be bilingual if they want to qualify for this position.
EXERCISE 23–1, page 185
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Some professors say that an engineering student should have hands-on experience with dismantling and reassembling machines.
Because she had decorated her living room with posters from chamber
music festivals, her date thought she was interested in classical music. Actually she preferred rock.
In Ethiopia, a person doesn’t need much property to be considered well-off.
Marianne told Jenny, “I am worried about your mother’s illness.” [or “. . .
about my mother’s illness.”]
Though Lewis cried for several minutes after scraping his knee, eventually
his crying subsided.
EXERCISE 24–1, page 192
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Correct [But the writer could change the end of the sentence: . . . than he is.]
Correct [But the writer could change the end of the sentence: . . . that she
was the coach.]
She appreciated his telling the truth in such a difficult situation.
The director has asked you and me to draft a proposal for a new recycling
plan.
Five close friends and I rented a station wagon, packed it with food, and
drove two hundred miles to Mardi Gras.
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Exercise 28–1, page 228
585
EXERCISE 25–1, page 197
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The roundtable featured scholars whom I had never heard of. [or . . . scholars I had never heard of.]
Correct
Correct
Daniel donates money to whoever needs it.
So many singers came to the audition that Natalia had trouble deciding
whom to select for the choir.
EXERCISE 26–1, page 203
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Did you do well on last week’s chemistry exam?
With the budget deadline approaching, our office has hardly had time to
handle routine correspondence.
Correct
The customer complained that he hadn’t been treated nicely.
Of all my relatives, Uncle Roberto is the cleverest.
EXERCISE 27–1, page 208
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
When I get the urge to exercise, I lie down until it passes.
Grandmother had driven our new SUV to the sunrise church service on Savage Mountain, so we were left with the station wagon.
A pile of dirty rags was lying at the bottom of the stairs.
How did the computer know that the gamer had gone from the room with
the blue ogre to the hall where the gold was heaped?
Abraham Lincoln took good care of his legal clients; the contracts he drew
for the Illinois Central Railroad could never be broken.
EXERCISE 27–2, page 215
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The glass sculptures of the Swan Boats were prominent in the brightly lit
lobby.
Visitors to the glass museum were not supposed to touch the exhibits.
Our church has all the latest technology, even a closed-circuit television.
Christos didn’t know about Marlo’s promotion because he never listens. He
is always talking.
Correct
EXERCISE 27–3, page 222
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Correct
Watson and Crick discovered the mechanism that controls inheritance in all
life: the workings of the DNA molecule.
When Hitler decided to kill the Jews in 1941, did he know that Himmler and
his SS had had mass murder in mind since 1938?
Correct
Correct
EXERCISE 28–1, page 228
a.
b.
In the past, tobacco companies denied any connection between smoking
and health problems.
There is nothing in the world that TV has not touched on.
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c.
d.
e.
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Answers to Tutorials and Lettered Exercises
I want to register for a summer tutoring session.
By the end of the year, the state will have tested 139 birds for avian flu.
The benefits of eating fruits and vegetables have been promoted by health
care providers.
EXERCISE 28–2, page 231
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
A major league pitcher can throw a baseball over ninety-five miles per hour.
The writing center tutors will help you to revise your essay.
A reptile must adjust its body temperature to its environment.
Correct
My uncle, a caricature artist, could sketch a face in less than two minutes.
EXERCISE 28–3, page 239
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The electrician might have discovered the broken circuit if she had gone
through the modules one at a time.
If Verena wins a scholarship, she will go to graduate school.
Whenever there is a fire in our neighborhood, everybody comes out to
watch.
Sarah will take the paralegal job unless she gets a better offer.
If I lived in Budapest with my cousin Szusza, she would teach me Hungarian
cooking.
EXERCISE 28–4, page 242
Possible answers:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
I enjoy riding my motorcycle.
The tutor told Samantha to come to the writing center.
The team hopes to work hard and win the championship.
Ricardo and his brothers miss surfing during the winter.
The babysitter let Roger stay up until midnight.
EXERCISE 29–1, page 251
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Doing volunteer work often brings satisfaction.
As I looked out the window of the plane, I could see Cape Cod.
Melina likes to drink her coffee with lots of cream.
Correct
I completed my homework assignment quickly. Or I completed the homework assignment quickly.
EXERCISE 30–1, page 257
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
There are some cartons of ice cream in the freezer.
I don’t use the subway because I am afraid.
The prime minister is the most popular leader in my country.
We tried to get in touch with the same manager whom we spoke to earlier.
Recently there have been a number of earthquakes in Turkey.
EXERCISE 30–2, page 259
Possible revisions:
a.
b.
c.
Although freshwater freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit, ocean water freezes
at 28 degrees Fahrenheit.
Because we switched Internet service providers, our e-mail address has
changed.
The competitor confidently mounted his skateboard.
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Exercise 32–3, page 278
d.
e.
587
My sister performs the legong, a Balinese dance, well.
Correct
EXERCISE 30–3, page 262
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Listening to everyone’s complaints all day was irritating.
The long flight to Singapore was exhausting.
Correct
After a great deal of research, the scientist made a fascinating discovery.
That blackout was one of the most frightening experiences I’ve ever had.
EXERCISE 30–4, page 263
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
an attractive young Vietnamese woman
a dedicated Catholic priest
her old blue wool sweater
Joe’s delicious Scandinavian bread
many beautiful antique jewelry boxes
EXERCISE 31–1, page 265
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Whenever we eat at the Centerville Diner, we sit at a small table in the corner of the room.
Correct
On Thursday, Nancy will attend her first Pilates class at the community center.
Correct
We decided to go to a restaurant because there was no fresh food in the
refrigerator.
EXERCISE 32–1, page 272
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Alisa brought the injured bird home and fashioned a splint out of Popsicle
sticks for its wing.
Considered a classic of early animation, The Adventures of Prince Achmed
used hand-cut silhouettes against colored backgrounds.
If you complete the enclosed evaluation form and return it within two
weeks, you will receive a free breakfast during your next stay.
Correct
Roger had always wanted a handmade violin, but he couldn’t afford one.
EXERCISE 32–2, page 275
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The cold, impersonal atmosphere of the university was unbearable.
An ambulance threaded its way through police cars, fire trucks, and irate
citizens.
Correct
After two broken arms, three cracked ribs, and one concussion, Ken quit the
varsity football team.
Correct
EXERCISE 32–3, page 278
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Choreographer Alvin Ailey’s best-known work, Revelations, is more than
just a crowd pleaser.
Correct
Correct
A member of an organization that provides housing for AIDS patients was
also appointed to the commission.
Brian Eno, who began his career as a rock musician, turned to meditative
compositions in the late seventies.
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Answers to Tutorials and Lettered Exercises
EXERCISE 32–4, page 283
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Cricket, which originated in England, is also popular in Australia, South
Africa, and India.
At the sound of the starting pistol, the horses surged forward toward the first
obstacle, a sharp incline three feet high.
After seeing an exhibition of Western art, Gerhard Richter escaped from
East Berlin in 1961 and smuggled out many of his notebooks.
Corrie’s new wet suit has an intricate blue pattern.
Correct
EXERCISE 32–5, page 284
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
On January 15, 2004, our office moved to 29 Commonwealth Avenue, Mechanicsville, VA 23111.
Correct
Ms. Carlson, you are a valued customer whose satisfaction is very important
to us.
Mr. Mundy was born on July 22, 1939, in Arkansas, where his family had
lived for four generations.
Correct
EXERCISE 33–1, page 290
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Correct
Tricia’s first artwork was a big blue clay dolphin.
Some modern musicians (trumpeter John Hassell is an example) blend several cultural traditions into a unique sound.
Myra liked hot, spicy foods such as chili, jambalaya, and buffalo wings.
On the display screen was a soothing pattern of light and shadow.
EXERCISE 34–1, page 294
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Do not ask me to be kind; just ask me to act as though I were.
When men talk about defense, they always claim to be protecting women
and children, but they never ask the women and children what they think.
When I get a little money, I buy books; if any is left, I buy food and clothes.
Correct
Wit has truth in it; wisecracking is simply calisthenics with words.
EXERCISE 34–2, page 295
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Strong black coffee will not sober you up; the truth is that time is the only
way to get alcohol out of your system.
It is not surprising that our society is increasingly violent; after all, television
desensitizes us to brutality at a very early age.
There is often a fine line between right and wrong, good and bad, truth and
deception.
Correct
Severe, unremitting pain is a ravaging force, especially when the patient
tries to hide it from others.
EXERCISE 35–1, page 297
a.
b.
c.
Correct [Either It or it is correct.]
If we have come to fight, we are far too few; if we have come to die, we are
far too many.
The travel package includes a round-trip ticket to Athens, a cruise through
the Cyclades, and all hotel accommodations.
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Exercise 42–1, page 326
d.
e.
589
The media portray my generation as lazy, although polls show that we work
as hard as the twentysomethings before us.
Fran Lebowitz has this advice for parents: “Never allow your child to call
you by your first name. He hasn’t known you long enough.”
EXERCISE 36–1, page 302
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Correct
The innovative shoe fastener was inspired by the designer’s son.
Each day’s menu features a different European country’s dish.
Sue worked overtime to increase her family’s earnings.
Ms. Jacobs is unwilling to listen to students’ complaints about computer failures and damaged disks.
EXERCISE 37–1, page 308
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
As for the advertisement “Sailors have more fun,” if you consider chipping
paint and swabbing decks fun, then you will have plenty of it.
Correct
After winning the lottery, Juanita said that she would give half the money to
charity.
After the movie Vicki said, “The reviewer called this flick ‘trash of the first
order.’ I guess you can’t believe everything you read.”
Correct
EXERCISE 39–1, page 315
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
A client has left his or her cell phone in our conference room.
The films we made of Kilauea on our trip to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
illustrate a typical spatter cone eruption.
Correct
Correct
Of three engineering fields — chemical, mechanical, and materials — Keegan chose materials engineering for its application to toy manufacturing.
EXERCISE 40–1, page 320
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Correct
Some combat soldiers are trained by government diplomats to be sensitive
to issues of culture, history, and religion.
Correct
How many pounds have you lost since you began running four miles a day?
Denzil spent all night studying for his psychology exam.
EXERCISE 41–1, page 323
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The carpenters located three maple timbers, twenty-one sheets of cherry,
and ten oblongs of polished ebony for the theater set.
Correct
Correct
Eight students in the class had been labeled “learning disabled.”
The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, DC, had 58,132 names inscribed on it when it was dedicated in 1982.
EXERCISE 42–1, page 326
a.
Howard Hughes commissioned the Spruce Goose, a beautifully built but
thoroughly impractical wooden aircraft.
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590
b.
c.
d.
e.
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Answers to Tutorials and Lettered Exercises
The old man screamed his anger, shouting to all of us, “I will not leave my
money to you worthless layabouts!”
I learned the Latin term ad infinitum from an old nursery rhyme about fleas:
“Great fleas have little fleas upon their back to bite ’em, / Little fleas have
lesser fleas and so on ad infinitum.”
Correct
Neve Campbell’s lifelong interest in ballet inspired her involvement in the
film The Company, which portrays a season with the Joffrey Ballet.
EXERCISE 44–1, page 339
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Correct
The swiftly moving tugboat pulled alongside the barge and directed it away
from the oil spill in the harbor.
Correct
Your dog is well known in our neighborhood.
Roadblocks were set up along all the major highways leading out of the city.
EXERCISE 45–1, page 344
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Assistant Dean Shirin Ahmadi recommended offering more world language
courses.
Correct
Kalindi has an ambitious semester, studying differential calculus, classical
Hebrew, brochure design, and Greek literature.
Lydia’s aunt and uncle make modular houses as beautiful as modernist
works of art.
We amused ourselves on the long flight by discussing how spring in Kyoto
stacks up against summer in London.
EXERCISE 48–1, page 380
a. hasty generalization; b. false analogy; c. biased language; d. faulty cause-andeffect reasoning; e. either . . . or fallacy
EXERCISE 62–1, page 530
a. sun, assistance; b. Pride, bottom, mistakes; c. Success, confidence; d. censorship, flick, dial; e. flower, concrete (noun/adjective), cloverleaf
EXERCISE 62–2, page 533
a. He, every (pronoun/adjective); b. those, who; c. I, some (pronoun/adjective),
that, I, myself; d. I, You, He; e. you, anything, anyone, me
EXERCISE 62–3, page 535
a. can pardon; b. are; c. does bring down; d. Keep, ’ll [will] be insulted; e. Throw,
will emerge
EXERCISE 62–4, page 537
a. Adjectives: General, wrong; adverb: generally; b. Adjectives: The (article),
American, tolerant; adverb: wonderfully; c. Adjectives: an (article), uncultivated,
an (article), uncultivated; adverbs: sometimes, never; d. Adjectives: wrong, right;
adverbs: rather, strongly, weakly; e. Adjective: the (article); adverb: faster
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Exercise 65–1, page 564
591
EXERCISE 63–1, page 545
a. Complete subjects: Sticks and stones, words; simple subjects: Sticks, stones,
words; b. Complete subject: all delays; simple subject: delays; c. Complete subject: (You); d. Complete subject: nothing except change; simple subject: nothing;
e. Complete subject: Most of the disputes in the world; simple subject: Most
EXERCISE 63–2, page 549
a. Subject complement: cheap; b. Direct object: an injury; c. Direct object: his
convent; d. Subject complement: the opium of the people; e. Subject complement: bitter
EXERCISE 63–3, page 550
a. Direct object: us; object complement: wise; b. Direct object: money; object
complement: their primary pursuit; c. Direct objects: us, us; object complements: happy, good; d. Indirect objects: me, you; direct objects: no questions, no
lies; e. Indirect objects: me, you; direct objects: a good loser, a failure
EXERCISE 64–1, page 554
a. On their side (adverb phrase modifying had); b. of several air traffic controllers
(adjective phrase modifying job), with ease (adverb phrase modifying could perform); c. To my embarrassment (adverb phrase modifying was born), in bed (adverb phrase modifying was born), with a lady (adverb phrase modifying was
born); d. of a culture (adjective phrase modifying map); e. In France (adverb
phrase modifying is)
EXERCISE 64–2, page 557
a. who has outposts in your head (adjective clause modifying enemy); b. that
doesn’t bite (adjective clause modifying rattlesnake); c. If love is the answer (adverb clause modifying could rephrase); d. what they mean (noun clause used as
direct object of say); e. unless I cannot resist it (adverb clause modifying avoid )
EXERCISE 64–3, page 560
a. Concealing a disease (gerund phrase used as subject), to cure it (infinitive
phrase modifying way); b. being punctual (gerund phrase used as object of the
preposition with), to appreciate it (infinitive phrase modifying is); c. to conceal
him (infinitive phrase used as direct object), naming him Smith (gerund phrase
used as object of the preposition by); d. Being weak (participial phrase modifying
children), to beguile us with charm (infinitive phrase used as direct object);
e. Wrestling with words (gerund phrase used as subject)
EXERCISE 65–1, page 564
a. Complex; who sleep like a baby (adjective clause); b. Compound; c. Simple;
d. Complex; If you don’t go to other people’s funerals (adverb clause); e. Compoundcomplex; what you are afraid of (noun clause)