Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research Issue 4(Vol. 3) 2013
ISSN: 2231-2560
CODEN (USA): AJBPAD
Research Article
Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research
Reeling Parameters among Multivoltine, Bivoltine and Their Crosses in Silkworm
Bombyx mori L.
M. K. Sisodiya*1 & 2S.L. Joshi
2
1
*Govt. College, Barnagar, Ujjain (M.P.) India
S. S. in zoology, Vikram University,Ujjain, M.P. (India).
Received: 24 October 2013; Revised: 17 November 2013; Accepted: 29 November 2013
Abstract: In the investigation pure Multivoltine race HM and PM and a Bivoltine race NB18 were maintained
for desirable number of generations. Hybrids were developed by using these pure races as parental stocks which
behaved as Multivoltine in nature. Cocoons of good shape and size were selected in every crop to use them as
seed for the next generation. Parameters regarding silk reeling viz. length of silk filament, number of breaks,
weight of reeled silk Thread. Denier and renditta were taken to assess the quality of produced silk during the
investigation. A significance improvement in silk filament length was measured up to 528, mts no. of breaks
(6), Total weight of reeled silk 1.3296 gms. Denier and renditta values were also recorded 1.9and 21.1
respectively in the race HM. In case of NB18 better improvement were observed in almost all parameters like
filament length (690Mts.), no. of breaks (7), weight of reeled silk (1.3296gms.), Denier (2.6) and renditta (21.4).
Hybrid HM x NB18 brought a quantum jump in all characters. It produced highest silk filament length
(728mts.), no. of breaks only (3), weight of reeled silk reached up to (1.4162gms.), Denier (2.9) and renditta
(26.6).
Keywords: HM, PM, NB18, silk, denier, Renditta.
INTRODUCTION
Silk is the queen of fabrics and the synthetic fibber has been dominating the market ever since nylon
was commercially produced in United State of America in 1959 but still silk has its own place in
textile market [1]. Among all the textile fabrics, silk occupies a top place for characters like softness,
fitness lustre; dye-ability and elegance .It has good dropping quality also. Hence silk is called the
queen of textile The aim of silk fabric testing is to adjudicate the best hybrids for commercial
exploitation [2].In M.P. the pure parental strains involved were multivoltine race with poor
performance .Several attempts were made to replace Multivoltine pure Mysore in the operation of
Multivoltine x Bivoltine hybrids as well as to introduce Bivoltine hybrids to increase the quality of
fibre. In 1700 the favoured silk was produced by that used in to spin a closed cocoon to protect her
larva .The cocoons were harvested and placed in troughs of hot water that Bombyx Mori L. dissolved
the gum and allowed the single thread to be wound into a skein. Silk fibres from the Bombyx Mori L.
silkworm have a triangular cross section with rounded corners, 5-10µm wide.
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Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research
Issue 4 (Vol. 3) 2013
CODEN(USA) : AJBPAD
MATERIAL AND METHOD
A multivoltine race namely Hossa Mysore (HM) and a Bivoltine race like NB18 were used as basic
parental material and these races were maintained for the desirable number of generations under the
hygienic conditions of temperature and humidity. A hybrid of HMxNB18 was developed by adopting
method Jolly [3]. The rearing of silkworm of each crop was done under suitable conditions of
temperature and humidity as per sericulture norms [4]. The larvae were fed four times a day with good
quality of mulberry leaves of Kanva-2 variety [5]. Reeling parameters like filament length, number of
breaks, average Denier and Renditta were recorded to compare the parameters so that we identify the
race with high performance for commercial exploitation and establish a grain age of Multivotine cum
Bivotine nature to supply quality silk worm seed to the farmers Care has been taken as per sericulture
guideline during rearing. All parameters taken in the study were indicated in the table and graphs
given in the end and discussed as under.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Indian silk industry especially in the Eastern region basically rests on Multivoltine and only
indigenous Multivoltine races and their hybrids were reared for commercial silk production
[6].Reeling parameters are most important parameters for fixing the prize of produced silk. In this
reference, longest length of silk filament was measured 728 mts in the developed hybrid HM x NB18
while it was comparatively smaller in Bivoltine race NB18 605 mts these data are comparable with
earlier workers of where in HMx NB18, PMxNB18 and PM recorded 754.75m., 751.75m and
768m.which are close to the present findings [7]. However also observed that reciprocals performed at
par with that of direct crosses respect to non breakable filament length estimated that the expression of
filament size and filament length are controlled by gene which are present in three linkage group and
located on the second, third and fourth chromosomes Less number of breaks was noticed during
reeling in the hybrid HMxNB18 only (3), among are almost similar number of breaks were counted in
NB18 (7) and HM (6) respectively [8].The present observations for number of breaks are similar to
However Shrivastava (1997) also observed similar number of breaks in HM (5) and PM (5).Maximum
weight of reeled silk thread was weighed in HMxNB18 (1.4612g.) between parents it was recorded as
superb in NB18 (1.3296) which was followed by HM (1.2530g). These outcome is compared with the
observations of and who reported approximately similar result in the context of this parameter Highest
denier value was expressed by the synthesized hybrid HMxNB18 (2.9). Between both pure parental
races it was calculated 2.6 in NB18 revealed higher than HM (1.9) [9]. The present findings are in
agreement with those of who recorded 1.8 denier values in Multivoltine x Bivoltine hybrids Revealed
positive and significance relative heterocyst for denier in seven Multivoltine x Bivoltine
crosses.Renditta is most important reeling parameter for fixing the price of produced silk [10].
Maximum renditta value was reported during study in HM x NB18 (26.6). Pure race NB18 showed
21.4 which were superior to HM 21. Earlier report revealed closer observation to present study who
reported superb renditta value in Multivoltinex Bivoltine hybrids in compare to pure Bivoltine and
Multivoltine races [11].
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Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research
Issue 4 (Vol. 3) 2013
CODEN(USA) : AJBPAD
CONCLUSION
The study on this investigation shows the Determine of Multivoltine x Bivoltine over its parental races
HM and NB18. The objective of this study was exploitation of economic characters of available pure
pedigree Bivoltine and Multivoltine races by maintaining them in perfect state of health and vigour
while retaining all their original characters. This basic stock was subsequently used for racial
improvement systematized breeding as well as for nthesis of hybrids (Multivoltine x Bivoltine) in the
agro climatic condition in Ujjain of Malwa region of M.P. The basic idea was to develop a farmer’s
seed of Multivoltine nature which will be best suited for this region and should behave as a
Multivoltine seed through multi-bi cross in F1 generation [12] .The best suited Bivoltine race in the
region was NB18 while the best suited Multivoltine race region was HM So all the experiments were
restricted to these races along with their (multi-bi) hybrids only The seed which was developed by
present investigation was Multivoltine in nature so that the numbers of crops per year were increased
substantially So high cocoon production with highest filament length and other improved reeling
parameters included in this study can be done and it can be earned greater profit. Therefore, it is
recommended that the farmers that they use only this hybrid seed HMxNB18 which are synthesized
during the study and of Multivoltine in nature so as to raise more crops in a year.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors are thankful to UGC to sanction the project and financial help to complete the work. We
are also thankful to Dr. A. B. Saxena, Principal Investigator U.G.C. Sericulture Project for his valuable
guidance and Dr. S.C. Kothari, Head of the Department S. S. in Zoology, Vikram University Ujjain for
providing the necessary facilities.
Table: shows the reeling parameters in silk worm Bombyx mori L.
Race
Total length of
silk filament
528
HM
690
NB18
HMxNB18 728
No. of
breaks
06
07
03
Total weight
of reeled silk
1.2530
1.3296
1.4162
Denier
Renditta
1.9
2.6
2.9
21.1
21.4
26.6
Graph1: Total length of silk filament in silkworm.
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Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research
Issue 4 (Vol. 3) 2013
CODEN(USA) : AJBPAD
Graph 2: Total number of breaks in worm.
Graph 3: Total weight of reeled silk, denier and renditta in silkworm.
REFERENCE
1. Matsui., the History of the Silk Industry in the United States. New York: Howe’s Publishing
Co; 1930,8,28.
2. K. Reyerson., Journal of European Economic History; 1982, 11, 1, 117.
3. M.S. Jolly., Natl.Sem.Silk Res.and Dev., 1983, 10-13, 30.
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Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research
Issue 4 (Vol. 3) 2013
CODEN(USA) : AJBPAD
4. G.M Vishvanatha., Performance of the Selected Races of Mulberry Silkworm Bombyx moriL In
Eastern Dry Zone of Karnataka. Thesis Accepted for the Award of P.G. degree in the
University of Agricultural Science, Bangalore; 1987, 34.
5. T. Prashad., Effect of Foliar Application of Micronutrients on Mulberry and Cocoon roduction
of Silk worm Bombix mori L. Thesis Submitted for the Award of Ph.D. degree in Vikram
University Ujjain; 1988.
6. K. Chandrasekhar, H.K. Basavaraja J. Seri., 2008, 47, 175.
7. P. Pandey and S.P. Tripathi., Malaysian Applied Biology., 2008, 37, 37.
8. T. Haque, S slam, and Barman., Bull. Seric Res 1996; 7, 71.
9. S.B. Dandin, H.K.Basavaraja, G.V.Kalpana, N.Suresh Kumar, N. Mal Reddy, PG .Joge., FC2A newmale component for hybrid production. India
10. H. Manjunatha., Insect Science, 2006, 13, 243.
11. S.k. Das et al., Heterocyst analysis in some three way crosses of Bombyx Mori L. 1994; 34, 1,
51.
12. T. K. Mukhopadhyay, S.S. Bhattacharya, J.K. Kundu., J Interacad. 2010, 14(4), 475-480.
13. K. P Kiran Kumar S.Sankar., Development of polvoltine x bivoltine hybrids of mulberry
silkworm,bombyx mori L Tolerant to BMnpv; 2012, 01.
*Correspondence Author: M. K. Sisodiya; Govt. College, Barnagar, Ujjain (M.P.) India
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