294
APPENDIX D
UTILITARIAN TOOLS
295
unpolished
slightly polished
highly polished
highly polished
Scale in centimeters
unpolished
highly polished
Figure 71. Illustrations of a sample of bifacial basalt hoes or handaxes recovered at
Jachakala.
296
Figure 72. Photos of a sample of groundstone implements recovered at Jachakala,
including a dacite mano (top) and metate (bottom).
297
BLACK BASALT EXPEDIENT
FLAKE TOOL
Scale in centimeters
slightly
polished
highly
polished
UNIFACIAL BASALT SCRAPER
Figure 73. Illustration of a sample of expedient basalt tools recovered at Jachakala.
298
top
end
bottom end
(plane view)
STONE PESTLE
Scale in centimeters
SMALL "BOLEADORA"
Figure 74. Illustration of a small dacite pestle (top) and sandstone boleadora or slingstone
(bottom).
299
Bl ac k Ba s al t Bi f ac e
Bl ac k Bas al t Bi f a ce
Scale in centimeters
Bl ac k Bas al t Bi f a c e
BLACK BASALT PROJECTILE
POINT ERROR
Figure 75. Illustrations of three bifacial basalt projectile points recovered at Jachakala,
and a fourth bifacial point whose shape suggests a discarded tool.
300
end
fully rounded
highly polished
Scale in centimeters
fully rounded
highly polished
Figure 76. Illustrations of two worked long bone awls.
301
Scale in centimeters
tip broken off
tip broken off
Figure 77. Illustrations of two worked long bone needles (dashed lines indicate broken
tips).
302
very highly
polished on
both sides
Scale in centimeters
Figure 78. Illustration of a large worked long bone scoop or digging implement.
303
Scale in centimeters
end
fully rounded &
highly polished
Figure 79. Illustration of a worked deer antler digging implement.
304
Scale in centimeters
wear
Figure 80. Illustrations of two worked camelid mandible tools.
305
Scale in centimeters
light orange
slip
slip worn off
(error)
Figure 81. Illustrations of one broken (top), three complete (middle two, bottom left), and
one incompletely perforated (bottom right) ceramic spindle whorl disc.
306
3 Ceramic spoon fragments
eroded
edge
eroded
ero
de
d
edge
(bottom)
Brown
cracks b/w
3 pieces
eroded
lip
eroded
Brown side
curves of
hardle
end
edge
Ceramic spoon fragment
lip
(bottom)
orange-brown
curves of
handle
Scale in centimeters
(side) orange-brown
Figure 82. Illustrations of two reconstructed ceramic spoons.
other side