1191
MINERALOGICAL NOTES
The authors owe a debt of gratitude to the,Jollowing School of Mines
and Technology staff who contributed't'iurel'or knowledge to this paper:
Dr. Amos Lingard, Dr. J. P. Gries, Dr. Morton Green, ProfesborE. H.
Oshier and Mr. John Evans.
Ru'r,nrNcns
coNNorr,v, Joseprr P. (1930) The sand-calcite crystals of Devils Hill. BtrochHil'l's Engineer,
18, 64-73,
Nrcnor.s, HnNnv WrNoson (1906), New forms of concretions; Sand-barite crystals from
Oklahoma. Field. Col,wnbion Mus.Geol'. Ser.,III' 31-35.
Pooun, Josnn E. (1911) On sand-barites from Kharga, Egypt. Proc. U. S' Natl'' Mus'
38, 17-24.
Rocnns, A. F. eNo R. D. Rroo, (1926) Sand-calcite crystals from Monterey County,
California. A m. M iner oI. ll, 23-28.
WrNr.nss, H. R. (1922) Notes on sand-calcite crystals from South Dakota. Am. Iufineral.
7, 83-86.
THE AMERICAN
MINERALOGIST,
VOL. 47, SEPTEMBER_OCTOBER'
1962
A NEW YTTRIAN APATITE ENCLOSEDIN QUARTZFROM NAEGI' GIFU
PREFECTURE,JAPAN
KBrrcur Ouonr AND HrRosHr KoNNo, Institute of Mineralogy,
Pelrologyand.Economic Geology,Tohoku (Initersity,
Send.ai,Japan.
During an investigation of the minor elements contained in quartz
of a pegmatite from Naegi, Gifu Prefecture, Japan (Omori and Konno,
1961),the writers found an apatite which contained a remarkable amount
of yttrium, an element not heretofore reported as prominent in apatite.
The present mineral differs its color, specific gravity' refractive indices,
r-ray powder diffraction and chemical composition from abukumalite
studied by Omori and Hasegawa (1953).
The mineral was discovered in qtartz by observations on an artilicially etched crystal (Fig. 1). This occurrencediffers from the ordinary
occurrenceof pegmatitic apatite. The mineral measures10-32 mm long
and 2-5 mm wide. The larger crystals usually have a slender druse in
their center (Fig. 2). The crystal form is hexagonal prismatic.
The mineral is pale greenish-white with a vitreous luster. Careful
measurementof the specific gravity was made using a pycnometer, with
the result recalculatedto 4o C.; G 3.188.
Under the microscopea thin section of this mineral is colorless,transparent and uniaxial negative. The indices of refraction measured with a
, - u:(-)0.0063.
t o t a l r e f r a c t o m e t e re; : 1 . 6 3 8 9 a, : 1 . 6 4 5 2 e
X-ray powder diffraction data were obtained by the Geigerflex dif-
FIc. 1. Photograph of yttrian apatite enclosed in etched quartz, on which Dauphine ancl
Brazil twins can be observed. Ordinary light, magnification X1.3.
[ftc. 2. Photomicrograph of yttrian apatite. Ortlinary light, magnification X20
1193
MINERALOGICAL NOTES
Taslr 1. X-Rev Drrlnn'crror Dat.q'ron Ymnrax Aplrrrn aNo Aparrro
Yttrian apatite, Naegi, JaPan
(Fe radiation, Mn filter)
Apatite
(Cu radiation, Ni filter)
Kurokura, Japan
d(A)
3.439
3.167
3 .075
2 .803
2.771
2. 7 1 4
2.624
2.290
2.257
r.939
1. 8 8 5
t.837
1.802
r.770
t.749
t.720
l 639
t.470
1.452
1.429
d(A)
I/Io
.).)
t2
15
100
45
OJ
25
25
25
12
25
9
15
9
12
6
o
6
002
r02
t20,2lo
tzl,21l
rt2
300
202
122,212
130,310
222
132,312
123,213
231,32r
r40,410
402
004
232,322
502
304
151
J .4+JJ
3.164
3.089
2.840
2.780
2.722
2.637
2.292
2.265
r.957
1.903
1. 8 4 1
1.804
r.779
1.752
.t/
t2
14
100
60
28
40
40
10
28
1l
43
l4
5
7
fractometer with Mn-filtered Fe radiation (I:1.9360 A). 1'n" interplanar
McConnell (1937, 1938) and Naray-Szabo(1930)'
The calculatedspecificgravity using the lattice constantsand chemical
formula derived below is G:3.296, which is closeto the measuredvalue'
micronsas shown in Fig. 3, which are similar to the trvo apatites studied
by Omori (1961).
lt94
MINERAI,OGICAL
NOTES
A PA f I f E, OUPA TV6O,'IEXI C O
I
R
R
\
t
A PA fITE,
L
KTJPoKUPA, JAPA N
YAYE
LENOTH
IE
''
Frc. 3. Infrared absorption spectra of yttrian apatite and apatites.
Tasm
2. Crmurcel
wt.7o
SiOz
Alzoa
Fe:og
MnO
TiOz
Meo
CaO
(Ce)ro'
(Y),o,
Tho:
PzOs
43.32
o.32
10.65
None
40.29
F
2.82
032
o.28
Total
Less O for F
t essO for Cl
Total
N,mcr, Jar,lN
Atomic proportion
Si (quartz)
AI
Fe
Mn
0 (quartz)
09
86
6
,)
None
None
o.12
HrO(-)
or YTTRTANArerrrr,
Mol.
prop.
2.63
0.36
0.41
o.17
CI
H,O(+)
Couposrrrot
I l5
1
40
Ca
Ce
Y
284
P
148
18
CI
F
H
773
s0J
120
568
1420
(-)1
(-)74
18
3l
1481 r87
36)
101.69
2362
LessO for OH
Less O for quartz
Total
36
86
2240
I 195
MINERAI.OGICAL NOTES
The chemical analysis is given in Table 2. The most noticeable differencefrom normal apatite is the high content of YzOa.The Y ion occupies
the Ca position. X-ray fluorescenceanalysis also was used for determining Y. The small amount of SiOzmay be causedby included qtrartz'
The formula derived from the analysis is
(r'i;ctl-onl;)''
(co?i,
vlf c"l*r"1*Al'u*un?+),u,plf,oi;,
o or €v€r more simply
or, simplified, (Car.rYoo)r.zPloOrz.o(Fo.sOHo.z)r
(Ca,Y)r.z(PO4)B(F,OH).
The molecular amounts of yttrian apatite and
included quartz are 96.3 per cent and 3.7 per cent respectively' The
totals of the recalculated univalent cations and anions of yttrian apatite
are 4666 and 4667 respectively.
The above formula may be representedas (Car-"YzrB")(PO4)3(F'OH)'
When x:1, the formula is that of the present mineral and when x:5,
the end member become yttroapatite.
The writers are indebted to Dr. Paul F. Kerr of Columbia University
for kindly reading the manuscript.
RrrrnnNcrs
GnuNrn, J. W. ewo D. McCoNnr,L (1937), The problem of the carbonate apatites. zeit.
Krist. 97, 208-215.
McConNnr-1, D. (1937), The substitution of SiOr- and So4-groups for Porgroups in the
apatite structure; ellstadite, the end-member. Am. M ineral. 22, 97 7+86'
--(1938), A structural investigation of the isomorphism of the apatite gtortp' Am'
Mineral 23, l-19.
Nenev-Szreo, Sr. (1930), The structure of apatite (CaF)Car(POr)r Zeit Krist.75,
323-
331,387-396.
Ouonr, K. (1961), Infrared absorption spectra of some essentialminerals. Sci' Rep' Tohohu
Unia. (3) 7, 101-130.
--AND S. Heseclwl, (1953), Yttrialite and abukumalite from Iizaka Village, Fukushima Prefecture. Sci. Rep. Tokohu Uni,tt. (3) 4' 151-155.
H. KonNo, (1901), Minor composition in quartz from Naegi, Gifu Prefecture'
lour. f ap. Asso.Min. Petro. Econ. Geol'.46,1-10 (in Japanese).
THE AMERICAN
MINERAIOGIST,
VOL. 4?, SEPTEMBDR_OCTOBER'
1962
ETCHING OF SYNTHETIC FLUORPHLOGOPITE
A. R. Perar- AND S. ReueNaur,lx, Physics Depar!'ment,Sarilar
V atlabhbhai V id'yapeeth, V allabh V id'yanagar, I ndi'a.
INrnooucrroN
Considerablework has been reported on the etch patterns produced
on cleavagefacesof natural muscovite and other types of micas. It seems
that no etching work has been reported so far on synthetic mica. In