Energy Conservation Policies of Japan
November 7, 2011
Agency of Natural Resources and Energy
Enegy Conservation and Renewable Energy Department
Contents
1. Conditions surrounding energy
…Page 2
2. Energy conservation policies of Japan
…Page 6
(1) Industrial sector
…Page 10
(2) Consumer sector (including Top Runner Program)
…Page 19
(3) Transportation sector
…Page 39
3. Budgetary provisions
…Page 42
1. Conditions surrounding energy
2. Energy conservation policies of Japan
(1) Industrial sector
(2) Consumer sector (including Top Runner Program)
(3) Transportation sector
3. Budgetary provisions
Current global conditions surrounding energy and energy supply structure of Japan
ØPrincipally in Asia, but the energy demands of the world are expected to rise rapidly to about 1.3 times the
current amounts by 2030. The energy supply structure will be hard pressed, due to the intensification of the
competition to acquire resources among the countries of consumption, such as China.
Ø Japan has the lowest self sufficiency rate among the major industrialized nations.
(Petroleum equivalent in
million tons)
18,000
16,000
Outlook of global energy
Overall
Approx. 1.3
times
14,000
12,000
International comparison of energy self sufficiency rates (FY2009)
その他
Others
100%
アフリカ
Africa
India
Approx. 1.9
times
中東
Middle East
80%
* The self sufficiency rate is for instances where atomic power is imported.
(Figures inside brackets are for instances where atomic power is considered to be
produced domestically.)
(53%)
中南米
Central and South America
インド
India
10,000
60%
(70%)
中国
China
8,000
China
Approx. 1.7
times
6,000
4,000
アジア（日中印韓除く）
Asia (excluding Japan,
China, India and Korea)
ロシア
Russia
東欧・中央アジア
Eastern Europe and
Central Asia
日本
Japan
2,000
ドイツ
8%
フランス イギリス
アメリカ
China
日本
61%
USA
4%
UK
2030
16,014
イタリア
25%
France
2008
12,271
14%
Germany
2030
47%
(19%)
20%
0%
85%
(35%)
Japan
2008
米国
USA
OECD(日米除く）
OECD (excluding Japan
and USA)
(44%)
40%
Italy
0
(85%)
中国
Source: Calculated from statistics published by IEA.
Source: World Energy Outlook 2010.
3
Transition of Final Energy Consumption in Japan
Ø
The final energy consumption of Japan has basically consistently increased, except for periods immediately following the two oil
crises and the economic downturn in recent years.
Ø
The GDP kept on increasing to about 2.3 times from 1973 to 2009 and the consumption of energy for individual sectors significantly
increased with the consumer sector increasing to about 2.4 times, while the transportation sector increased to about 1.9 times,
whereas the industrial sector increased about 0.85 times.
(Petroleum equivalent
in million tons)
Real GDP
400
(JPY trillion)
Final energy
consumption
600
1973→2009
2.3 times
350
Transportation sector
1.3 times
500
23.7%
300
Consumer sector
300
200
33.6%
200
42.7%
Industrial sector
Consumer
150
Transportation
400
250
100
1973→2009
1973→2009
1.9 times
1973→2009
2.4 times
100
50
Industry
産業
Consumer
民生
Transporta
運輸
tion
GDP
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
Source: Comprehensive Energy Statistics and Annual Report on National
Accounts.
Industrial
0
0
1973→2009
0.85
times
4
Energy Conservation Efforts in Japan Since Oil Crisis
Ø Since the Oil Crisis in the 1970s, Japan has been conducting energetic activities involving both the public and private sectors,
resulting in improvements in energy efficiency by about 33% in the 30 years from 1979 to 2009.
Ø Through various energy conservation strategies the highest energy efficiency in the world was realized. Since the latter part of the
1980s, however, the efficiency per GDP has been sluggish in performance, requiring the implementation of further strategies.
Primary energy consumption per real GDP in Japan
Comparison of primary energy supply per unit GDP of respective countries
(2009)
(Petroleum equivalent in tons / US$100, at 2000 price)
(Petroleum equivalent in tons /JPY trillion)
1.8
18
Approx. 33%
improvement
1.6
16.3
16
14
1.4
12
1.2
10
1.0
8
0.8
5.9
6
0.6
4
2009
2006
2003
2000
1997
1994
1991
1988
1985
1982
1979
1976
1973
世
界
World
ロ
シア
Russia
イ
ンド
India
中
国
China
イ
ンドネシア
Indonesia
中
東 East
Middle
タ
イ
Thailand
Source: "Comprehensive Energy Statistics" of EDMC/Agency for Natural Resources
and Energy, estimates of EDMC and the "Annual Report on National
Accounts" of the Cabinet.
韓
国
Korea
GDPあたり一次エネルギー供給量
Primary energy supply per GDP
3.1
3.0 3.0
カ
ナダ
Canada
0.0
2.4
豪
州
Australia
0
Eu27
EU27
0.2
1.0
USA
米
国
2
Japan
日
本
0.4
1.9 1.7
7.5 7.8 7.2 7.7
Source: Calculated from statistics published by IEA.
5
1. Conditions surrounding energy
2. Energy conservation policies of Japan
(1) Industrial sector
(2) Consumer sector (including Top Runner Program)
(3) Transportation sector
3. Budgetary provisions
Overall Image for Energy Conservation Policies of Japan
Ø Programs for energy conservation policies in Japan are classified roughly into categories of "industrial sector", "consumer sector
(commercial and household)" and "transportation sector".
Ø Strategies implemented from both aspects of regulation and support (budget, tax programs, etc.) in the respective sectors are
according to the Energy Conservation Law.
Ø Development of energy conserving technologies and nationwide activities intended to improve energy awareness have been
implemented as support across fields.
Industrial sector
Consumer sector
Commercial sector
Household sector
Regulatory measures
(Energy Conservation Law)
Support measures
(Budget and tax system, etc.)
Business operators (energy consumption of at least 1,500kl): Energy
conservation measures (periodical reports) and reduction efforts of 1%
per year.
Transportation sector
Cargo owners and carriers (of specific
minimum size): Energy conservation
measures (periodical reports), etc.
Residential buildings and structures (at least 300m2): Observation of Energy Conservation
Standards at the time of construction (submission of notification).
Automobiles and household electrical appliances: Regulation by Top Runner Program, etc.
Household electrical appliances: Display of energy conservation performance, etc.
Provision of subsidies and supplement of interests, etc., for implementation of
energy conserving facilities.
Tax system (accelerated depreciation) for implementation of energy
conserving facilities or construction of energy conserving buildings.
Residential
Eco Points,
etc.
Residential
rennovation tax
reductions, etc.
Provision of subsidies for implementation
of Clean Energy cars, etc.
Eco Car tax reductions, etc.
Provision of subsidies for development of energy conserving technologies (high performance heat pumps, high performance thremal insulation
materials, etc.)
Provision of information and promotion of nationwide activities (such as forum activities) intended to improve energy conservation awareness, etc.
7
Fields Subject to Regulations Under Energy Conservation Law
Ø The Energy Conservation Law is the basis of all energy conservation policies in Japan. It was established in 1979, triggered by the Oil
Crisis.
(1) Manufacturing plants &
business stablishments
(2) Transportation
◆ Business operators with an annual energy consumption of at least 1,500kl (equivalent
crude oil) at manufacturing plants and business establishments.
◆ Freight carriers with a transportation capacity of a minimum certain scale, such as 200
trucks or 300 railway cars for railroads, etc., (currently 637 companies).
◆ Cargo owners with an annual freight transport order of at least 30 million tons (currently
874 companies).
(3) Residential buildings
and structures
◆ Structures on a large scale with a total floor areas of at least 2000m2.
◆ Small to mid size structures with a total floor area of at least 300m2.
◆ Business operators who build and sell residential buildings (annually supplying at
least 150 units).
(4) Machinery and
equipment
◆ Passenger cars, air conditioners, television sets, etc., 23 items.
(Comprises about 70% of household energy consumption.)
8
Summary of Energy Conservation Law
Manufacturing plants & business
locations
Obligation for business operators to make an
effort and public disclosure of judgment
standards
○ Specified business operators and specified
chain business operators
(Energy consumption of 1,500kl per year)
・ Obligation to appoint Energy Managers, etc.
・ Obligation to periodically report on energy
consumption status.
・ Obligation to submit medium and long term plans.
Residential buildings and
structures
Transportation
Obligation for business operators to make an
effort and public disclosure of judgment
standards
Obligation for construction clients and owners
to make an effort and public disclosure of
judgment standards
○ Specified carriers (freight and passengers)
(Fleet of vehicles: At least 200 trucks or at least 300
railway cars for railroads, etc.)
・ Obligation to submit medium and long term plans.
・ Obligation to periodically report energy consumption
status.
○ Specified consigners
(Annual transport volume of at least 30 million ton-km.)
・ Obligation to submit plans.
・ Obligation to periodically report consumption of
energy related to consigned transportation.
Provisions relating to machinery and equipment
○ Specified buildings
(Total floor area of at least 300m2.)
・ Obligations relating to the submission of
notifications pertaining to energy conserving
measures implemented by construction clients in
relation to large scale modifications and
obligations relating to reporting the status of overall
maintenance.
○ Housing providers
(Annual supply of at least 150 units.)
・ Obligation to observe targets for improving
energy conservation performance of supplied
ready built residential housing.
Provision of information
Obligation for manufacturers and import business operators of energy
consuming equipment to make an effort
Obligation to make effort in providing information to general consumers
Top Runner Standards (23 units)
・ Standards for energy conservation of passenger cars, air conditioners,
television sets, etc. To exceed the performance of most superior products that
have been commercialized at the present time is required of each type of unit.
・ Provision of information on energy conservation (annual electric power
consumption, fuel economy, etc.) that is easy to understand at storefronts of
retailers who sell household electrical appliances, etc.
・ Popularization of energy conserving equipment and the provision of
information, etc., by electric power and gas companies.
9
1. Conditions surrounding energy
2. Energy conservation policies of Japan
(1) Industrial sector
(2) Consumer sector (including Top Runner Program)
(3) Transportation sector
3. Budgetary provisions
Current Status and Countermeasures for Energy Consumption in Industrial Sector
Ø Iron and steel, as well as chemical industries, comprise 60% of energy consumption in the overall industrial sector.
Ø Energy unit consumption rapidly improved since the Oil Crisis and until the middle of 1980s, however, it has been in a levelled
off trend since the 1990s.
Energy consumption amounts and proportions in manufacturing
industry (FY2009)
Transition of energy unit consumption per mining and
manufacturing production indices in manufacturing
industry
120
Index (FY1973 = 100)
100
Metal working
machinery
金属機械
7%
7%
非鉄金属
Non-ferrous metals
2%
2% 繊維
その他
Others
Iron鉄鋼
and
26%
steel
14%
14%
26%
Textile
1%
1%
Food and
tobacco 4%
食品・煙草
5%
Ceramic products
and
earthenware
窯業土石
61.4
60
40
4%and pulp
Paper
5%
紙・パルプ
80
Chemicals
化学
35%
35%
20
6%
6%
0
Source: "Comprehensive Energy Statistics" of EDMC/Agency for
Natural Resources and Energy and estimates of EDMC.
73 75
Current measures
80
85
90
95
2000
2005
2009
(Fiscal
year)
(Note 1) Added value weighting is used for mining and manufacturing production indices
(standards for 2000).
(Note 2) It is necessary to consider that the mining and manufacturing indices are impacted by
sales prices and therefore reductions can be greater than the reductions of the production
volume when the sales prices are sinking.
●Regulation: Thorough implementation of energy conservation activities by individual businesses and the formulation of benchmarks for each sector, etc.
●Support: Support for the implemenation of highly efficient energy conserving facilities, support for the development of innovative technologies, the provision of lowinterest loans, etc.
11
Current Regulatory Scheme at Manufacturing Plants, etc.
Ø Business operators with overall annual energy consumption (head office, manufacturing plants, branch offices, sales offices, etc.) of
at least 1,500kl in crude oil equivalent are subject to regulations.
Ø Business modes, such as franchized chain of stores, are also considered single business operators and those consuming at least
1,500kl for the whole chain are subject to regulations.
On the basis of energy consumption, about 90% of the industrial sector and about 50% (estimated) of the
commercial sector are covered, as they are subject to regulations.
○ Numerical targets: Reduction of annual average by at least 1%.
○Obligation to report periodically
① Transition of energy unit consumption
② Status of activities relating to energy conserving measures
③ Obligation to annually report on status of benchmark indices (for subject
business lines only), etc.
Measures, such as instructions, public disclosures and orders (fines in case of
violation against orders) implemented when energy conservation activities of a
business operator is significantly inadequate.
Rationalization plan
instruction
Evaluation on
details of
reports and
investigations.
Guidance
Onsite inspections
Implementation
of onsite
investigations.
Ministry of Economy, Trade
and Industry (Note)
Business operator
Submission of
periodical
reports.
When activities are
significantly
inadequate.
Public disclosures and
issuance of orders
(Flow of measure implementation)
When
instructions are
not followed.
* Fines imposed for instances when orders are not followed.
○ Guidelines pertaining to energy conservation measures:
Stipulation of judgment standards (guidelines) based on the Energy Conservation Law as
observance items for energy management.
Ø Energy conservation measures for business operators overall
・ Maintenance of energy management organization.
・ Allocation of persons in charge.
・ Formulation of policies for activities pertaining to energy conservation targets, etc.
Ø Energy conservation measures at individual manufacturing plants and business
establishments
(Example: Air conditioning systems.)
Preparation and implementation of management standards (manuals) pertaining to the
following measures:
・ Operational management (operating time, set temperature, etc.).
・ Periodical measurement and recording of temperature, humidity, etc.
・ Periodical maintenance and inspection of facilities.
○ New numerical targets to include in addition to existing targets
Benchmark indices and standards to be targeted
Currently set business lines: Iron and steel, electric power,
cement, paper manufacturing, petroleum refining and chemical.
Standards to be aimed for: Levels satisfied by most superior business
operators in respective industries (10 to 20%).
12
Measures Pertaining to Manufacturing Plants According to Energy Conservation Law
1. Business operators overall
Annual energy consumption
(crude oil converted amount kl）
Classification of business operator
Specified business operator or specified chain business operator
−
Judgment standards for manufacturing plants, etc. (standards components)
・ Set management standards, operational standards based on management standards, measurement
records, maintenance inspections, etc.
Items to be observed
Judgment standards for manufacturing plants, etc. (target components)
・ Reduce energy unit consumption by 1% or more in the medium to long term
・ Attain benchmark indices (only for applicable business lines), etc.
Target
Obligations
Under 1,500kl
At least 1,500kl
Person to be appointed
Energy Management Control Officer and Energy Management Planning Promoter
Documents to be
submitted
Medium to long term plans, periodical reports and notification on appointment of
energy management control officers, etc.
−
Guidance and advice, collection of reports and onsite inspections.
Administrative checks
Instructions for preparation of rationalization plan (failure to follow such instruction
resulting in public disclosure or issuance of an order), etc.
−
2. For each manufacturing plant of installation
Annual energy consumption
(crude oil converted amount kl）
At least 3,000kl
At least 1,500kl to under 3,000kl
Type designation
Type 1 Designated Energy Management Factory, etc.
Type 2 Designated Energy Management Factory, etc.
Obligations and persons to be
appointed
Manufacturing business, mining
business, as well as electric
power supply, gas supply and
heat supply businesses
Energy Manager
Other than those
described on the left
(hotels, schools, etc.)
All business lines
Energy Management Officer
13
Energy Unit Consumption
Ø Business operators must manage the energy unit consumption at manufacturing plants, as well as other installations and they
must set targets to reduce the unit consumption, from a medium to long term perspective, with an annual average of at least 1%
(judgment standards).
Energy unit consumption = (A - B) / C
A = Energy consumption (consumption of fuel, consumption of heat supplied by others, as well as the consumption of electric power supplied by others)
B = Amount of energy sold externally
C = Value that is closely related to the consumption of energy
* "A" and "B" are calculated in crude oil equivalent kiloliters.
Status on setting "Value that is closely related to the consumption of energy" (C).
① Manufacturing sector (subject sites: 9,597 business establishments)
Unit
Number of business establishments
② Commercial sector (subject sites: 5,186 business establishments)
Unit
Number of business establishments
Weight
4,146
Area
2,435
Amount
2,139
Area × time
1,054
Count
1,540
Volume
508
Area
728
Weight
377
Volume
424
Number of people
182
Source: FY2009 periodical reports
14
Implementation of Benchmarks by Sectors
ØBackground for implementation of benchmarks:
ØMore specifically, for each specific business line (sector):
u Indices that can be used to compare the energy conservation status of business operators in each
business line.
u The spread of information pertaining to the practice of the sectoral approach to the world.
Determine benchmark indices and set standards to be attained in the medium to long term.
101
Target
u More impartial evaluations on the efforts of business operators under the Energy Conservation Law.
u Supportive efforts by business operators through the visualization of energy conservation efforts.
u The spread of information pertaining to the practice of the sectoral approach to the world.
Image of benchmark
100
99
98
97
96
0.5
l The achievement of numerical targets (reducing energy unit consumption by an annual average of at least 1%), as set under the Energy
Conservation Law, had been difficult to sustain for business operators who already had progressed with considerable energy conservation
activities.
l For this reason, a more impartial evaluation on the efforts of business operators is made possible by establishing an index (benchmark
index), which can be used to compare the energy conservation status of business operators, so that business operators lagging behind in
taking action are promted to put in more effort.
l Standards to be targeted are to be levels satisfied by most superior business operators in their respective industries (10 to 20%).
[Concept for setting business lines subject to benchmarks]
Ø Three business lines of iron and steel, cement and electric power were set in FY2008. These were set with a consideration for the
amount of energy used and the progress of international debates in the respective business lines.
Ø The setting was further expanded to include paper manufacturing, petroleum refining and chemical industries in FY2009.
The coverage rate of energy consumption in the industrial sector: About 40% for the three business lines set in FY2008, which increased
to about 60% with the addition of three more business lines considered in FY2009. Expansion to include the commercial sector, such as
offices and retailers, is also being considered.
15
Public Disclosure of Results from Benchmark Reports
Ø With regards to benchmarks, it has been determined that "In order to support voluntary efforts by business operators, the average
values and standard deviations for the business operators of reported benchmark indices are publicly disclosed by the Government.
Furthermore, the names of the business operators whose energy conservation efforts have been particularly advanced, are publicly
disclosed by the Government."
(Summary of Manufacturing Plant Judgment Standards Subcommission, Energy Efficiency Standards Subcommittee, Advisory Committee on Energy and Natural Resource (March 31, 2009))
Ø Periodical reports from last fiscal year provided reports on the results for FY2009 from formulations of the stipulations in FY2008
regarding five business industries, steel manufacturing with blast furnaces, ordinary steel manufacturing with electric furnaces,
special steel manufacturing with electric furnaces, electric powr supplies and cement manufacturing. The results are shown below:
<Public disclosure of results from benchmark reports>
(1) Steel manufacturer using blast furnaces
(4) Electric power supplier
Average: 0.597kl/t
Standard deviation: 0.044kl/t
Attaining business operators: None.
Average: 99.2%
Standard deviation: 1.1%
Attaining business operators: Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc.
Electric Power Development Co., Ltd.
Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc.
(2) Ordinary steel manufacturer using electric furnaces
Average: 0.184kl/t
Standard deviation: 0.032kl/t
Attaining business operators: Jonan Steel Corporation
Tokai Steel Corporation
Tohoku Steel Corporation
Yamaguchi Kogyo Co., Ltd.
(3) Special steel manufacturer using electric furnaces
Average: 0.58kl/t
Standard deviation: 0.31kl/t
Attaining business operators: Sintokogio, Ltd.
KYB Cadac Co., Ltd.
(5) Cement manufacturer
Average: 4089MJ/t
Standard deviation: 250MJ/t
Attaining business operators: DC Co., Ltd.
Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.
Taiheiyo Cement Corporation
Chichibu Taiheiyo Cement Corporation
Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
Myojo Cement Corporation
* Business operators who succeeded in achieving their targets and who agreed to be listed on a public
disclosure are listed in phonetic order.
16
Promotion of Joint Energy Conservation Project
Ø The amendment of the law in 2007 stipulated that the Government will make appropriate considerations in order to promote activities
relating to joint energy conservation projects (project for contributions towards the support of rationalization for the energy used by
other parties).
Ø Business operators implementing joint energy conservation projects may report the relevant activity status to the Government and
the Government will take that into consideration when evaluating the business operator.
Specified business operators
Specified chain business
operators
Periodical
reports
Attached
documents
Other parties
Provision of technology and
advice, as well as
collaboration of projects, etc.
Amount of energy jointly
conserved
Status of joint energy
conservation project attached
Submission
Central
Government
Status of joint energy conservation projects taken into consideration for evaluation.
Amount necessary to achieve target (reduction of unit consumption by 1%) can be
evaluated in a comprehensive manner, if a report on the amount of energy jointly
conserved is reported.
Activities that realize further energy conservation are supported through a collaboration of multiple business
operators.
17
Flow of Necessary Procedures According to the Energy Conservation Law
Minister of Economy,
Trade and Industry
Business operator
Notification on Status of Energy Consumption
Grant of opportunity for providing
explanations
Submission
Notification
Business operator receives designation of
specified business, specified chain business
operator, designated energy management
factory, etc.
Acceptance
Explanation demand notice
Acceptance and individually
dealt
In case particular explanations are to be
offered (explanation document)
In case no explanations are to be offered (no
procedure necessary)
Competent
minister
project
Designation notification
issued after a certain
period
Designation
Appointment of energy management control officers and
energy management planning promoters, energy
managers and energy management officers.
Energy management control officer and energy
management planning promoter, energy manager and
energy management officer appointment notification
Submission
Report
Periodical reports
Submission
Medium- to long-term plan
Acceptance
Acceptance
Acceptance
Acceptance
Acceptance
18
18
1. Conditions surrounding energy
2. Energy conservation policies of Japan
(1) Industrial sector
(2) Consumer sector (including Top Runner Program)
(3) Transportation sector
3. Budgetary provisions
Current Status and Countermeasures for Energy Consumption in Consumer Sector (commercial and households)
Ø Looking at the transition of the final energy consumption in Japan reveals that in comparison with the industrial or transport sectors,
the consumer sector (commercial and households), which comprise 30% of the overall energy consumption, had a notable increase
and this sector requires enhancements to energy conservation strategies more than others.
Transition of final energy consumption and real GDP
Real GDP
1990→2009
(Petroleum equivalent in
GDP(JPY trillion)
600
1.16
times
400 million tons)
350
Final energy
consumption
Proportion of energy consumptions according to applications in
household sector (FY2009)
1990→2009
1.04 times
Gas stove, etc.
External walls,
windows,
air conditioners,
etc.
500
250
Consumer (commercial) sector
200
150
400
19.4%
14.2%
33.6%
200
Industrial sector
100
42.7%
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
産業
Industry
民生
Consumer
運輸
Transportation
GDP
Industrial
0
0
1.06 times
1.38 times
Household
1990→2009
1.23 times
100
50
1990→2009
Kitchens
厨房用
8%8%
Lighting,
computers,
refrigerators, etc.
Heating
暖房用
25%
25%
Commercial
1990→2009
300
Consumer
Consumer (household) sector
23.7%
Transpor
tation
Transportation sector
300
Motive
Cooling
冷房用
2%2%
動力他
energy, etc.
36%
36%
Approx.
30%
Hot water
supply
29%
給湯用
29%
Hot water
dispensers, etc.
1990→2009
0.88 times
Source: EDMC estimates
Source: Comprehensive Energy Statistics
and Annual Report on National Accounts.
●Regulation: Thorough implementation of energy management by individual businesses, TR programs, etc., (comprising about 70% of household energy consumption).
●Support: Implementation of "visualization" equipment, Tax Program for Promotion of Residential Building Refurbishments, household electrical appliance labeling, etc.
20
Transition of Energy Consumption in Commercial and Household Sectors
Ø The consumer sector, which is comprised of commercial and household consumers, has the highest growth in energy consumption
of all sectors.
Ø Since entering into the 2000s, however, the trend has practically flattened out. This occurred because on one hand areas and
business hours increased for the commercial sector and the number of households, as well as the use of electrical appliances for the
household sector increased, whereas on the other hand the efficiency of household electrical appliances also improved, due to the
impact of the Top Runner Program under the Energy Conservation Law, etc.
Transition of total floor area and energy consumption in
commercial sector
Transition of energy consumption and number of households in
household sector
1.6
1.5
1.35
Energy
consumption
エネルギー消費量
エネルギー消費量
Energy consumption
床面積
Floor area
世帯数
Number of households
Floor
area
床面積
エネルギー消費量/床面積
Energy consumption / floor area
1.4
Energy
consumption
エネルギー消費量
エネルギー消費量
Energy consumption
1.3
Energy consumption /
エネルギー消費量/世帯数
1.25
number of households
1.2
1.3
Number of households
世帯数
1.15
1.2
1.1
1.05
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
0.95
1992
0.9
1991
1
1990
1
エネルギー消費量/世帯数
Energy
consumption / number
of households
2003
1.1
2002
Energy consumption / floor area
エネルギー消費量/床面積
(Vertical axis represents indices with FY1990 set to 1.)
Source: Prepared by the Agency of Natural Resources and Energy based on the Energy Supply and Demand Records of
FY2008.
21
Energy Conservation Standards for Building Structures
Ø Energy conservation standards for building structures are comprised of the standards relating to the thermal insulation performance of such
items as the external wall design (specifications of glass, thickness of the thermal insulation materials, etc.), "Perimeter Annual Load" (PAL)
and Standards of Judgement for Energy Conservation of Buildings, "Coefficient of Energy Consumption" (CEC).
Ø The "CEC" stipulates standards for each building facility. [CEC/AC (air conditioning facilities), CEC/V (mechanical ventilation facilities),
CEC/L (lighting facilities), CEC/HW (hot water supply equipment) and CEC/E (elevators)]
Ø Energy conservation standards of "PAL" and "CEC" are stipuated for specific building uses.
Ø [Clerical offices, hotels, hospitals, sales outlets, dining and drinking establishments, schools, assembly halls and manufacturing plants.]
Ø The Energy Conservation Standards were established in 1980 (Year of Showa 55) and sequentially enhanced in 1993 (Year of Heisei 5) and
1999 (Year of Heisei 11).
Comparison of energy consumption by building structures
covered by respective Energy Conservation Standards
Image of energy conservation strategies for building structures
◇ Air conditioning
・Air flow controls, etc.
1
1
0.925
0.9
0.8
◇ Lighting
・ fReduction in lighting energy
using brightness of daylight.
・ Adoption of highly efficient
lighting.
0.6
25%点灯 50%点灯 70%点灯
750lx
0.5
Prior to 1980 standards 1980 standards
◇ Control of solar radiation amount
◇ Thermal insulation of
external walls, etc.
Louvers (sun shades)
0.75
0.7
昼光
750lx 750lx 750lx
0.85
◇ Elevators
・ Adoption of energy
conserving type
equipment
◇ Hot water dispensers
・ Adoption of energy
conserving type equipment
(heat pumps, etc.).
・ Thermal insulation of
piping.
1993 standards
1999 standards
* Amount of energy consumption (energy consumption index) necessary to achieve the same levels
of indoor environments, when the energy consumption for building structures, prior to the 1980
standards (conventional types), is set to 1.
22
Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Buildings
Ø Japan was sectioned into six regions and the standards pertaining to the thermal insulation, air tightness and sunlight shielding were stipulated
for each region.
Ø Established in 1980 (Year of Showa 55). Enhanced in 1992 (Year of Heisei 4) and 1999 (Year of Heisei 11).
Ø Items pertaining to common building facilities in 2006.
Image of thermal insulation for residential buildings of timber construction
Ceiling thermal
insulation
180mm
Provisional calculation for annual energy consumption*
(GJ/year-unit)
Continuous
ventilation
system
60
56
50
External wall
thermal
insulation
100mm
Heating and cooling
by air conditioners
Sun shades for
windows facing
east and west
Continuous
damp-proofing
air-tight layers
Floor
thermal
insulation
100mm
Specification
standards
32
30
double glazed
glass windows
(thermal
insulating sash
also, if possible)
22
20
10
Ⅳ Regional specifications
0
Non-thermally insulated
1980 standards
Comparison of thermal insulation specifications by standards
1992 standards
1999 standards
Pre-1980 standards
1980 standards
1992 standards
1999 standards (current standards)
−
Up to 5.2 W/(㎡K)
Up to 4.2 W / (㎡K)
Up to 2.7 W / (㎡K)
Thermal insulation materials (external
walls)
None
Glass wool 30㎜
Glass wool 55㎜
Glass wool 100㎜
Thermal insulation materials (ceilings)
None
Glass wool 40㎜
Glass wool 85㎜
Glass wool 180㎜
Aluminum sash
+ single pane
Aluminum sash
+ single pane
Aluminum sash
+ single pane
Aluminum double sash
or aluminum single sash + multi-layered glass
Approx. 133,000 yen / year
Approx. 92,000 yen / year
Approx. 75,000 yen / year
Approx. 5,000 yen / year
Approx. 56GJ
Approx. 39GJ
Approx. 32GJ
Approx. 22GJ
Item
Performance
standards
39
40
Louvers on
southside
window eaves
Heat loss coefficient
Openings (windows)
Annual heating and cooling costs*
Annual heating and cooling energy consumption*
* Provisional calculation based on certain assumptions by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation.
23
Top Runner Standards (Standards for Judgment by Construction Clients of Residential Housing Businesses)
Ø Top Runner Standards (standards for judgment by construction clients of residential housing businesses).
Ø Targets for improving energy conservation performance of ready built residential housing supplied by building owners (construction
clients of residential housing businesses) engaged in the business of building residential housing in order to induce further
improvements to energy conservation performances through such means as securing thermal insulation or implementing
highly efficient building facilities.
Ø In cases where substantial improvements in the energy conservation performance are considered necessary, such as a status of
insufficient attainment of targets by the targeted fiscal year (five years (FY2013) set as the target year), the Minister of Land,
Infrastructure and Tranposrtation issues a recommendation to the applicable construction client of the residential housing business
to improve their performance by showing the targets and if such a recommendation is not adhered to, then public disclosures are
made or orders (with penal provisions) are issued.
Energy Conservation Standards
(judgment standards for construction owners and owners of specified building structures pertaining to the rationalization of the use of energy for residential housing (announced in 1999)).
Standard
heating
and
coolig
facilities
Evaluation of thermal insulation
performance for externall walls,
windows, etc.
Standard
ventilatin
g
facilities
Standard
lighting
facilities
Standard
hot water
supply
equipme
nt
No evaluation for energy conservation performance of facilities
Top Runner Standards (standards for judgments by construction clients of residential housing businesses (announced in 2009)).
Heating
and
cooling
facilities
Ventilatin
g facilities
Lighting
facilities
Hot
water
supply
facility
Activities for a total
reduction of 10% for
energy consumption
in comparison with
installing standard
facilities.
Solar
power
generatin
g facilities
The thermal insulation performance of external walls and windows were evaluated in a comprehensive manner, based on energy consumption (facilities with a
high energy conservation performance were evaluated positively, whereas facilities with a low energy conservation performance were evaluated negatively.）
24
Transition of Compliance Rates of Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Housing and Building Structures
ØThe compliance rate for the Energy Conservation Standards of new buildings is about 90%, which is quite high, but the compliance
rate of newly built residential housing is only about 40%.
(The reason for the rise in the compliance rate for residential housing from 2009 to 2010 was due to the impact of the Residential Eco Point program.)
Transition of compliance rate* with Energy Conservation Judgment Standards for newly
constructed building structures
(1999 standards)
(Unit: %)
100
85
90
80
70
87
85
83
85
88
74
(1999 standards)
(Unit: %)
100
90
80
70
70
60
60
50
50
50
40
Transition of compliance rate* with Energy Conservation Judgment Standards for newly
constructed residential housing
34
34
35
39
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Submission of notice for
energy conservation
measures made
obligatory from April
2003.
Coverage of energy
conservation measures
subject to submission of
notices expanded from
April 2010.
* Proportion of floor areas in building structures, which complied with the Energy Conservation
Standards (1999 standards), for building structures (at least 2,000㎡) constructed and verified in
the applicable year .
26
3
7
9
12
15
15
15
16
18
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Submission of notice for
energy conservation
measures made obligatory
from April 2006.
Coverage of energy
conservation measures subject
to submission of notices
expanded from April 2010.
* Estimated values, based on a survey for the distribution of residential housing units according to
the levels of thermal insulation, were used as the figures up to FY2009 and estimated values
(tentative values), based on the number of units for which residential housing Eco Points were
issued (single dwelling residential housing) and the number of notifications submitted (for multiple
dwelling residential buildings, etc.) under the Energy Conservation Law, were used as the figures
for FY2010.
25
ZEB (Net Zero Energy Building)
Ø The increase in the commercial sector (office buildings, retail stores, hospitals and schools, etc.) , which comprises the majority of the
consumer sector, has been more significant than the household sector and it is the sector that most needs the enhancement of energy
conservation strategies.
Ø Activities for ZEB (Net Zero Energy Building), which carry forward fundamental energy conservation in this field, are necessary.
[Definition of ZEB]
Building structures that have an annual primary energy consumption of net zero or almost zero through a
reduction in the consumption of primary energy in building structures with improvements to the energy
conservation performance of building structures and facilities, as well as by utilizing renewable energy on
site.
Light duct system
(Natural lighting)
Solar power generating system
Variable flow rate and varible air flow rate control systems
Automatic ventilation control
system that responds to
concentrations of carbon
dioxide
LED lighting
Motion sensor control
Initial light intensity compensation
Day light linkage control
Blind control
Natural ventilation and night purge (external air intake during night time)
Hybrid air conditioning control technology
Highly efficient air conditioner heat source equipment
Integrated control system
Utilization of unused energy in urban areas (such as river heat and ground heat)
26
Development of Technologies Intended for ZEB and ZEH in Progress of Respective Nations and Regions
Samsung constructed the first zero energy residential building (Green
Tomorrow) in Korea in 2009 and opened its showroom to the public.
Green Tomorrow (total floor area: 420㎡)
[Case examples of constituent technologies for ZEB]
Double skin
Natural flow of air is used during the intermediate period and features high thermal insulation
characteristics, even during summer or winter, without the use of air conditioning energy, saving
energy and reducing carbon dioxide emissions.
Direction of most wind
Induction based on
direction of most
wind
Solar radiation
External blinds
Salt damage
New Toshima City Government Building (planned)
Over drafting
Ascending current
Energy conservation and creation is realized through solar power
generation, as well as through the installation of planting panels and
Eco wood louvers on external walls.
Intelligent lighting system
using LEDs
Source: Nihon Sekkei (design collaborator: Kengo Kuma)
Double sash and double glazed
windows
27
Circumstances Surrounding ZEB in Respective Countries
Policy targets intended for ZEB
UK
An ambitious target for making "all newly constructed non-residential building structures zero carbon by the year 2019" was
announced by the Finance minister in March 2008.
All newly constructed
residential housing
and schools to
become zero carbon
Timeline for ZEH and ZEB
2016
Newly
constructed
public facilities
to become zero
carbon
All newly constructed
non-residential
building structures to
become zero carbon
2018
2019
USA Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) stipulates the "Net-Zero Energy Commercial Buildings
Initiative", which is intended for the following purposes:
• All newly constructed commercial buildings in the United States by the year 2030
• 50% of all existing commercial buildings in the United States by the year 2040
• All commercial buildings in the United States by the year 2050
are to be made ZEB though the development and popularization of technologies, practices and policies.
● Policy target of Japan (Cabinet Decision in June 2010, the "Basic Energy Plan")
○ Realize ZEB for newly constructed public buildings, etc., by the year 2020.
○ Realize ZEB for an average of newly constructed buildings by the year 2030.
28
Comparison of Energy Conservation Related Regulations for Residential Housing and Building Structures with
Regulations Overseas
ØSome industrialized nations already have legal obligations to comply with energy conservation standards.
ØJapan, on the other hand, does not necessarily require compliance with standards but obligates the submission of notifications pertaining to
building constructions that outline possible strategies for construction.
Country / region
Legal system
Scope
Legally binding authority
Japan
○ Law Concerning the Rational Use
of Energy
(Energy Conservation Law)
・ Residential and non-residential buildings
・ New constructions and extension or renovation work
・ Lower limit exists (at least 300㎡)
○ Obligation to submit notifications
* Instructions, public disclosure, orders or
penalties (for floor areas of 2,000㎡ or more) or
recommendations (for floor areas of at least 300
㎡ but under 2,000㎡) issued in cases where
implementations are significantly insufficient.
UK
○ Building Act
・ Residential and non-residential buildings
・ New constructions and extension or renovation work
・ Lower limit exists for extensions and renovations (in
excess of 1,000㎡)
○ Obligation to comply with standards
Germany
○ Energy Conservation
・ Residential and non-residential buildings
・ New constructions and extension or renovation work
・ No lower limits
○ Obligation to comply with standards
USA
(State of California)
○ California state law
・ Residential and non-residential buildings
・ New constructions and extensions or renovation work
・ No lower limits
○ Obligation to comply with standards
(State level)
Korea
○ Energy Conservation
・ Residential and non-residential buildings
・ New constructions, extension work or changes of use
・ Lower limits exist
(commercial buildings with a total floor area of at least
3,000m2 and accommodation facilities with a total floor
area of at least 2,000m2)
* All residential housing and non-residential buildings
with a total floor area of at least 500m2 from 2012.
○ Obligation to comply with standards
29
Energy Conservation Effects by Thermal Insulation Materials and Windows in Households and Buildings
Ø In order to promote energy conservation in households and commercial areas, it is essential for the energy conservation performance of
building materials (such as thermal insulation materials and windows) to be improved, along with improvements to the energy conservation
performance of facilities and equipment.
Ø Complying with the Energy Conservation Standards for residential housing and building structures can be effective for new constructions, but
directly improving the energy conservation performance of building materials and the like can promote measures to deal with existing stock in
an effective manner.
Residential housing
Deciding factors for energy
conservation performance of
residential housing and
building structures
Energy conservation
performance of building
materials
(thermal insulation materials and
windows, etc.)
Energy conservation
performance of facilities and
equipment
(heating and cooling, ventilation, lighting
and hot water supply, etc.)
Motive
動力他
energy,
36%
etc.
Stipulated according to the Energy
Conservation Standards for
residential housing and building
structures
(primarily for new constructions)
→ Measures to deal with existing
stock can be made possible through
stipulations of the Top Runner
Program.
Stipulated by the Top Runner
Standards
→ A certain level of results already
attained.
Heating
暖房用
25% 25%
Heating and cooling 27%
Hot water supply 29%
Cooling
冷房用
2%
2%
36%
Hot water
給湯用
supply
29% 29%
厨房用
Kitchens
8% 8%
Building structures
暖房用
Heating
16%
16%
Motive
動力他
energy,
49%
etc.
49%
Source: EDMC estimates
冷房用
Cooling
11%
11%
給湯用
Hot
water
supply
15%
15%
厨房用
Kitchens
9%9%
Contributing to reducing
the energy consumption
for heating, cooling and
hot water supply, which
comprise approximately
60% in residential
housing and 40% in
building structures, by
improving the energy
conservation
performance of building
materials.
Heating and cooling 27%
Hot water supply 15%
30
Necessity of Top Runner Standards Pertaining to Construction Materials
Ø Under the current Energy Conservation Law, new constructions and extension constructions and renovations are not subject to
submission of notification for residential housing with total floor area of under 300㎡ and are therefore presumed to have low
standard compliance rate.
Ø In order to further promote energy conservation in the consumer sector, it is necessary to implement provisions that cover such
residential housing (65% of new constructions and existing stock).
Ø Improvement of energy conservation with residential housing can be expected by popularizing high performance construction
materials by implementing a contruction material TR system.
<Existing stock>
<Newly constructed residential housing>
Approx. 50 million units.
Approx. 800,000 units annually.
About 65% of newly constructed
residential housing (based on floor area)
are not subject to submission of
notification.
Not subject to submission
of notification
Subject to submission of
notification
From Annual Report of FY2008
Building Construction.
* Although major repair work such as
work done on roofs or walls of large
size residential housing is subject to
submission of notification, not many
construction work that are by
themselves subject to submission of
notification are speculated to exist.
From FY2008 Housing and Land Survey.
31
Regulations in Machinery and Equipment Sector (Top Runner Program)
Ø Energy conservation standards according to the Top Runner Program have been implemented for automobiles and household
electrical appliances according to the Energy Conservation Law as amended in 1998. As of 2011, 23 equipment are subject to these
standards.
<Equipment subject to Top Runner Program according to Energy Conservation law>
(1)Promotion for further improvment on energy consumption efficiency of machinery and equipment is conducted, by stipulating performance of currently commercialized
products with most superior energy consumption efficiencies (Top Runner products) with considerations for future prospects of their perofrmances and
technical developments, as fuel economy standards for automobiles and judgment standards (hereinafter referred to as Energy Conservation Standards) of manufacturers
for improving performance of specific equipment such as electrical equipment (household electrical appliances and OA equipment).
(2) Furthermore, specific equipment that are subject to stipulations of the Top Runner Program are to be machinery and equipment that consume energy and satisfy three of
following requirements (Article 78 of Energy Conservation law):
① Machinery and equipment that are used in large quantities in Japan.
② Machinery and equipment that consume significant amount of energy when used.
③ Machinery and equipment for which improvement of energy consumption efficiency is particularly important (those that have room for improving efficiency).
Fuel
economy
(km/L)
19km/L
18km/L
16
Specified equipment (23 equipment)
Example of Top Runner Program
17km/L
15km/L
15km/L
14km/L
13km/L
12km/L
When standards are set
Judgment made with weighted
average for each product category.
Target fiscal year
Energy Conservation Standards according to Top Runner Program
1. Passenger cars
9. Magnetic disk devices
17. Vending machines
2. Trucks
10. Electrical refrigerators
18. Power tansformers
3. Air conditioners
11. Electrical freezers
19. Jar rice cookers
4. Television receivers
12. Heaters
20. Microwave ovens
5. Video tape recorders
13. Gas cooking appliances 21. DVD recorders
6. Lighting apparatuses
14. Gas water heating
appliances
7. Copying machines
8. Computers
15. Oil water heaters
22. Routing equipment
23. Switching equipment
16. Electric toilet seats
32
Requirements of Top Runner Program and Surety Provisions
Ø Business operators who failed to meet the standards by the targeted fiscal year are required to submit reports indicating
reasons why they failed to achieve the targtets and their intended future actions towards improvement of efficiency under
the Energy Conservation Law and if improvement of efficiency is still insufficient after implementing applicable actions, then the
Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry issues recommendations and if business operators fail to adhere with such
recommendation, then provisions, such as public disclosure of such business operators and issuance of orders are
conducted. Furthermore, a failure to abide by an order results in the execution of penalty not exceeding one million yen.
Ø The Energy Conservation Law obligates all manufacturers to improve energy consumption efficiencies in order to achieve
standards by the targeted fiscal year, but since funding and technical capabilities are necessary to attain such standards,
requirements based on annual production or importation volume (only shipments intended for Japan)are stipulated and
those manufacturers who do not satisfy such requirements are not subjected to provisions such as recommendations.
Requirements (production or importation volumes) of business operators subject to
recommendations and orders
○ Passenger cars
2,000 units
(350 units for those vehicles with capacity of 11 people)
○ Trucks
2,000 units
○ Air conditioners
500 units
○ Lighting apparatuses
30,000 units
○ Television receivers
10,000 units
○ Copying machines
500 units
○ Computers
200 units
○ Magnetic disk devices
5,000 units
○ Video tape recorders
5,000 units
○ Electric refrigerators
2,000 units
○ Electric freezers
300 units
○ Heaters
○ Gas cooking appliances
○ Gas water heaters
○ Oil water heaters
○ Electric toilet seats
○ Vending machines
○ Power transformers
○ Jar rice cookers
○ Microwave ovens
○ DVD recorders
○ Routing equipment
○ Switching equipment
300 units
5,000 units
3,000 units
600 units
2,000 units
300 units
100 units
6,000 units
3,000 units
4,000 units
2,500 units
1,500 units
33
Formulation, Operation and Flow of Top Runner Standards
<Formulation, operation and flow of Top Runner Standards>
Decision made to start formulating
standards of new equipment that satisfy
TR applicable requirements
(implementation of advance
investigations).
Start formulating standards
(subcommittee established by
Standards Committee)
Considered by committee
(interim summaries prepared
by respective subcommittees)
・ Review of standards as
targeted fiscal year arrives
Report collection conducted
year after targeted fiscal year
(verification on attainment of
standards and issuance of
recommendations as required,
etc.)
Enforcement of
judgment standards
Summary of standards
(final summary prepared by
Standards Subcommittee)
Maintaining laws and
regulations
(establishment and
amendment of cabinet
ordinances, ministerial
ordinances and notifications)
Issuance of public comments and
TBT notifications
34
Improvement of Efficiencies by Top Runner Program
Ø Manufacturers are required to calculate energy consumption efficiencies and weighted average values of shipment volume of
products shipped during targeted fiscal year, which are set for each individual equipment and must exceed standard values set
for each individual product category.
Image diagram
Classification ③
↑Good
Energy consumption efficiency
↓Bad
Classification ②
Targeted standard value
Classification ①
Targeted standard value
Even if products that underrun the
standards are shipped, it is
acceptable as long as the standards
are surpassed based on calculation of
energy consumption efficiency that
involves weighted average for the
shipment volume of products within
the same category.
Targeted standard value
Energy consumption efficiency of individual products
35
List of Efficiency Improvement Status Due To Top Runner Program
Equipment name
Improvement of energy consumption
efficiency (actual performance)
Air conditioners (room air conditioners) *
67.8% (FY1997 → FY2004 for freezers)
COP (3.01 → 5.05)
Electric refrigerators
55.2% (FY1998 → FY2004)
Annual electric power consumption (647.3kW/ year → 290.3kW/year)
Electric freezers
29.6% (FY1998 → FY2004)
Annual electric power consumption (524.8kW/ year → 369.7kW/year)
Gasoline powered passenger cars *
22.8% (FY1995 → FY2005)
Fuel consumption (12.3km/l → 15.1km/l)
Diesel powered trucks *
21.7% (FY1995 → FY2005)
Fuel consumption (13.8km/l → 16.8km/l)
Automatic vending machines
37.3% (FY2000 → FY2005)
Annual electric power consumption (2,617kW/ year → 1,642kW/year)
Fluorescent lighting apparatus *
35.7% (FY1997 → FY2005)
Lumen/Watt (63.1lm/W → 85.6lm/W)
Computers
99.1% (FY1997 → FY2005)
Watt／mega operation (0.17 → 0.0015)
Magnetic disk devices
98.2% (FY1997 → FY2005)
Watt／gigabyte (1.4 → 0.0255)
Copying machines
72.5% (FY1997 → FY2006)
Electric power consumption (155Wh → 42.7Wh)
Electric toilet seats
14.6% (FY2000 → FY2006)
Annual electric power consumption (281kW/ year → 240kW/year)
Gas water heaters (gas instantaneous water heaters and gas bath heaters)
5.5% (FY2000 → FY2006)
Thermal efficiency (77.7% → 82.0%)
Gas cooking appliances (burner section)
15.7% (FY2000 → FY2006)
Thermal efficiency (48.3% → 55.9%)
Gas heaters
1.9% (FY2000 → FY2006)
Thermal efficiency (80.9% → 82.4%)
Kerosene heaters
5.4% (FY2000 → FY2006)
Thermal efficiency (78.5% → 82.7%)
Television receivers (LCD and plasma television sets)
29.6% (FY2004 → FY2008)
Annual electric power consumption (179.7kW/ year → 126.5kW/year)
DVD recorder (landbased digital broadcasting non-supported)
40.9% (FY2004 → FY2008)
Annual electric power consumption (66.0kW/ year → 39.0kW/year)
Microwave ovens
10.5% (FY2004 → FY2008)
Annual electric power consumption (77.2kW/ year → 69.1kW/year)
Jar rice cookers
16.7% (FY2003 → FY2008)
Annual electric power consumption (119.2kW/ year → 99.3kW/year)
Details
Energy conservation standard for energy consumption efficiency per unit (example: km/l) is stipulated for those quipment that are marked with an asterisk (*), while energy consumption (example:
kWh/year) is stipulated for those equipment that are not marked with an asterisk (*). The "improvement of energy consumption efficiency" described in the table above represent improvement rates
according to respective standards (example: When 10km/l becomes 15km/l, then it is considered to be an improvement by 50% (it is not considered 33% improvement because the fuel consumption
for driving 100km has improved from 10 liters to 6.7 liters) and if 10kWh/year becomes 5kWh/year then it is considered to be an improvement by 50%).
37
Summary of Labelling Programs
Ø "Energy Conservation Label": Stipulated by JIS standards for 18 equpiment, primarily household equiment with a large amount of
general consumer usage in particular, among equipment that are subject to Top Runner Standards.
Ø "Unified Energy Conservation Label": A unified energy conservation label that coers air conditioners (for household use), television
receivers, electric refrigerators, electric toilet seats and fluorescent lighting apparatuses (for household use) to facilitate recognition
and comparison of energy conserving performance by consumers when products are purchased and displayed by retailers in five
stage ranking from five stars down to one star (multistage evaluation).
Examples of energy
conservation labels
(primarily displayed by
manufacturers)
Examples of unified energy conservation label
and simplified version label
(primarily displayed by retailers)
(simplified version label)
(Unified energy conservation label)
38
Provision of Information Stipulated by Energy Conservation Law
Ø Article 86 (provision of information to general consumers) of the Energy Conservation Law stipulates that energy supplyers must strive
to provide information that contribute to energy conservation conducted by general consumers.
Ø As specific energy conservation information, five items have been stipulated by notifications of the Ministry of Economy, trade and
Industry.
Information that contribute to rationalization of energy use conducted by general consumers.
Remarks
(1) Provision of information pertaining to values representing energy consumption from the
previous month to general consumers.
This is currently already provided on meter reading slips.
(2) Provision of information pertaining to consumption amount and utility charges for energy
on a monthly basis for the past year to general consumers.
Some of electric power companies are providing informatin
provision service on their web sites.
(3) Provision of information pertaining to rough estimates for reductions in energy
consumption and utility charge that have been accomplished through devised usage
methods for machinery and equipment that consume energy.
Energy conservation advice is currently already provided on
meter reading slips, etc. Provision of more quantitative and
detailed advice is considered possible along with information
on electric power consumption for individual household
electrical appliances by the home energy management system
(HEMS).
(4) Provision of information pertaining to performance of applicable machinery and
equipment with comparison against energy consumption, as well as subsidy programs
provided to promote popularization of such machinery and equipment
Information is currently already provided on web pages of
respective electric power companies. Provision of more
information is considered possible through energy
management service made possible by implementing HEMS.
(5) Other than those already cited in preceding sections, provision of information pertaining
to rough estimate of energy consumption by contracts or residential housing modes, as
well as those that contribute to rationalization of energy use by general consumers,
through creative actions implemented by energy suppliers.
Qualitative energy conservation advice is currently already
provided on meter reading slips, etc.
Provision of qualitative and more detailed information is
considered possible through implementation of Smart Meters.
Source: Prepared from Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Notification No. 235, "Guidelines to be implemented by business operators engaged in supplying of energy to general consumers".
39
1. Conditions surrounding energy
2. Energy conservation policies of Japan
(1) Industrial sector
(2) Consumer sector (including Top Runner Program)
(3) Transportation Sector
3. Budgetary provisions
Current Status and Countermeasures for Energy Consumption in Transportation Sector
Ø Energy consumption for the transportation sector in 2008, in comparison with 1990, increased by 8%. It has been generally
transitioning into a declining trend (Table 1).
Ø The energy unit consumption for freight consigners, to whom the Energy Conservation Law applies, has been in an improving trend
for the past three years.
(Table 1) Transition of energy consumption in transport sector
(Petroleum equivalent in
million tons)
100.0
90.0
80.0
37.7 37.4
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
56.0 57.1
20.0
10.0
0.0
2000 2001
(Table 2) Transition of unit consumption by business lines
Unit consumption by business lines
30.0
25.0
35.7
35.1
35.1
34.6
34.5
33.5
32.0
20.0
30.4
15.0
10,000 tons-km]
/
10.0
56.8
56.6
56.4
55.0
53.9
52.8
50.8
Unit consumption
5.0 [GJ
50.5
0.0
2002
2003
2004
旅客部門
Passenger
transport sector
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
貨物部門
Freight transport
sector
Source: Comprehensive Energy Statistics.
Business type
FY2007
Current measures
FY2008
FY2009
Fy2010
Source: Calculated based on periodical reports submitted
according to the Energy Conservation Law.
● Regulations: Automobile fuel consumption standards and a thorough implementation of energy managment by freight carriers and
consigners
● Support: Implementation of highly efficient facilities and promotion for the popularization of the Eco Drive.
41
Regulations in Transport Sector
[Coverge]
Ø Freight carriers with a transportation capacity of a certain minimum scale, such as 200 trucks or 300 railway cars for railroads, etc.
Ø Freight consigners with annual freight transport order of at least 30 million tons.
Judgment standards for freight carriers
Judgment standards for freight consigners
○ Numerical target: Reduction of energy unit consumption by an annual average of at least 1%.
○ Energy conservation measures
• Implementation of low fuel consuming vehicles. ・ Promotion of Eco
Drive. ・ Improvement of cargo loading efficiency. ・ Reducton of air
freight transport, etc.
Freight carriers with a transport capacity
of a certain minimum size
○ Energy conservation measures
・Appointment of persons responsible for energy conservation ・
Modal shifting. ・ Activities for joint orders ・ Implementation of
corporate internal training, etc.
Freight consigners with freight transport
orders of a certain minimum size
Reports to the competent minister (once a year).
Reports to the Minister of Land, Transport and Tourism
(Minister
of Economy, Trade and Industry, as well as
(once a year).
competent minister for the business establishment)
○ Business operators have an obligation to report: ① Transition of energy unit consumption and ② Status on activities of energy conservation measures.
Measures, such as recommendations, public disclosures and orders, as well as fines are implemented when
energy conservation activities of a business operator are significantly inadequate.
42
1. Conditions surrounding energy
2. Energy conservation policies of Japan
(1) Industrial sector
(2) Consumer sector (including Top Runner Program)
(3) Transportation sector
3. Budgetary provisions
Energy Countermeasures Section at Agency of Natural Resources and Energy
Information Economy Division Commerce and Information Policy Bureau
Environmental Economy Office Industrial Science and technology Policy and
Environment Bureau
03-3501-9726 (Energy Conservation Section)
Energy Management System (BEMS & HEMS) Implementation Promotion Project Subsidy
Proposed amount for the third revised budget of FY2011 30 billion yen.
Image of business operations
Line of business:
[Support for implementation of BEMS]
Summary and purposes of project
[BEMS (Building Energy Management System*) implementation support]
○ A subsidy is provided for the implementation of BEMS to smaller high voltage conumers, such as
small to medium size businesses, in order to promote activities to inhibit electric power demand by
linking up with the implementation of Smart Meters.
○ The following effects are realized by facilitating concentrated support for implementation through this
program:
① Fundamental electric power saving is realized with small to medium size buildings, which are
falling behind in their electric power conserving measures because they are operated by small
to medium size businesses, even though there is a significant amount of electric power
consumption per account.
② In addition, a system that makes it possible for information management service business
operators, who use energy to trigger emeregency requests in cases where there are shortages
in electric power demand, will be built.
③ Significant reductions in the price of BEMS and the expansion of voluntary implementations
following completion of the project..
[Support for implementation of HEMS (Home Energy Management System*)]
○ A subsidy is provided for the implementation of HEMS, which raises the effects of implementation for
Smart Meters in households, in rder to promote electric power savings and peak-cut electric power
generation in the consumer sector, as aspects for electric power demand and supply measures.
○ Support is provided for products with potential expandability, such as connectivity with storage
batteries, provided that the interface that makes it possible to connect products of various
manufacturers is disclosed.
○Efficient and effective support is provided by managing the effects of cut backs during
implementation, giving assistance and after implementation, via “energy use information
management and operation service providers” (about ten companies; BEMS system
companies, volume household electrical appliance retailers and ESCO business operators are
expected to participate).
Implementation of BEMS
(commitment to conserve
electric power by 15%)
Smart Meter
Small account consumers
(mid range, small to medium
size enterprises)
Energy use information
Provision of BEMS system
Subsidy
(half if 15% of electric
power saving is
achieved, etc.)
[General corporations, etc.]
Control of equipment
Private
organizations,
etc.
Subsidy
(1/3, 1/2, fixed amount)
Private organizations,
etc.,
installers
[Central
Government]
"Visualization" by HEMS
terminal
Measurement of demand with
Smart Meter
Conditions (eligible entities, eligible activities, subsidy rates, etc.)
Subsidy
(preparation of
funds)
Preparation of funds
[Support for implementing HEMS]
* EMS (Energy Management System)
Products that offer solutions for energy use by consumers in a smart manner, by advantage is taken of
sensors and information technologies. This is not merely about single units of individual equipment,
but also includes system linkups with multiple equipment to manage and control energy in an efficient
and smart manner.
Central
Government
Energy use information management
and operation service provider
Electric power supplied to
household from storage
batteries
Electric power supplied to
household from solar panels
Subsidy for Expenses Relating to Refurbishment of Building Structures for Conservation of Electric Power
Proposed amount for the third revised budget of FY2011 15
billion yen
03-3501-9726
Image of business operations
Line of business:
○ Image of facilities eligible for subsidy
Summary and purposes of project
○ A subsidy is provided for expenses relating to the implementation of facilities in existing
building structures that offer a certain level of electric power saving effects, in order to
promote electric power savings in the consumer sector, as part of electric power demand
and supply measures.
○ More specifically:
① Entities eligible for the subsidy must consider the effects of reducing their electric
power consumption, with the application limited to air conditioning and hot water
supply equipment, lighting facilities, thermal insulations, etc., (implementation in terms
of single units is also permitted).
② A subsidy is provided even for the implementation of single unit facilities, as long as
the results are for the "replacement of more than half of the applicable facility for the
entire buidling structure" and "there is electric power savings of at least 10%".
Conditions (eligible entities, eligible activities, subsidy rates, etc.)
Private organizations,
etc.
Subsidy
(preparation of funds)
Example: Highly efficient air
conditioner
○ Subsidy rate
1/3 (1/2 for small to medium businesses)
Example: Multi-layered and highly
functional glass
Cross sectional diagram
of building structure
Lighting facilities
Installers
Subsidy
(1/3、1/2)
Thermal insulation,
etc.
Air conditioning
○ The refurbishment of existing building structures in terms of single unit facilities, which had
in the past not been eligible under the subsidy program, are promoted to inhibit electric
power demand in the consumer sector starting from the approaching summer.
Central
Government
Energy Countermeasures Section at Agency of
Natural Resources and Energy
Example: Highly efficient lighting
(including LEDs),
Light intensity sensors
Hot waer supply (highly efficient heat source)
Example: Highly efficient heat pump
Highly efficient boiler
Cogeneration systems
Subsidy for support of business operators for rational use of energy
Estimated amount from requests for the budget of FY2012 30 billion yen (40.01billion yen)
Image of business operations
Line of business:
Summary and purposes of project
○ Subsidies are provided for facility implementation costs (replacement costs only) for energy conservation
activities, which are considered to be highly politically significant with consideration for the “potential for
advanceness of technology”, “energy conservation effects” and “cost effectiveness” planned by business
operators.
New turbo chillers
○ Furthermore, an emphasis is placed on subsidizing the implementation of “advanced facilities and
technologies”, etc.
○ Support is provided with an empahsis on energy intensive-type small to medium business enterprises for the
purpose of further promoting investments on energy conservation.
○ Support is provided with an emphasis on projects with large electric power saving effects, as electric power
demand and supply measures.
Conditions (eligible entities, eligible activities, subsidy rates, etc.)
Ministry of
Economy, Trade
and Industry
Public offering &
subsidy
Private organizations,
etc.
Subsidy
Business operator
Application
○ Entities eligible for receiving subsidy
Business operators (must be a corporate entities) from all business lines, installing or owners of the facilities.
○ Subsidy rate
① Individual projects: Up to 1/3.
② Associated projects (*) Up to 1/2.
(*) Associated implementation of entities with different capital relations, such as businesses located within an
industrial complex, etc.
Next-generation coke oven
Energy Countermeasures Section at Agency of
Natural Resources and Energy
03-3501-9726
Subsidy for Expenses of Implementation Promotion Project for Specific Facilities with
Rational Use of Energy
Estimated amount from requests for the budget of FY2012 3 billion yen (new)
Energy Countermeasures Section at Agency of
Natural Resources and Energy
03-3501-9726
Image of business operations
Line of business:
Summary and purposes of project
○ Subsidy for Expenses of Implementation Promotion Project for Specific Facilities with Rational Use of Energy
(1) Eligible projects
A subsidy is provided towards the interest payments for loans taken out from private financial institutions by
business operators who implement energy conserving facilities or install Top Runner equipment through
private organizations to ensure that their interest payments remain low, since increased investments for energy
conserving facilities are anticipated, due to heightened needs for energy conservation and electric power
savings in the industrial sector, arising from the Great East Japan Earthquake.
(2) Entities eligible for receiving a subsidy and subsidy rate
Private financial institutions, fixed amount (interest subsidy 1.0%)
Conditions (eligible entities, eligible activities, subsidy rates, etc.)
Highly efficient turbo chillers
Central
Government
Subsidy (fixed
amount (10/10))
Private
organizations,
etc.
Business operator
Fixed amount
(interest subsidy 1.0%)
Loan
Repayment
Private sector business
operator, etc.
Top Runner equipment
Project for Promotion of Net Zero Energy Conversion of Residential Housing and Building Structures
Estimated amount from requests for the budget of FY2012 14 billion yen (new)
Summary and purposes of project
○ In order to realize ZEB (*) with newly constructed public building structures in 2020, subsidies amounting to a
maximum of one-third of the project expenditure are provided to projects anticipated to cause certain ripple
effects by transforming single buildings into ZEBs and also by multifaceted utilization of energy.
○ Furthermore, in order to promote the popularization of ZEH (*), as an energy conservation strategy for the
household sector, subsidies amounting to half of the project expenditure are provided to projects to modify
existing residential housing into ZEH and subsidies that amount to one-third of the project expenditure are
provided to projects to newly construct ZEH residential housing.
* ZEB: Net Zero Energy Building
* ZEH: Net Zero Energy House
Light duct system
External air conditioning and carbon
dioxide control
Variable flow rate and varible air flow
rate control systems
Solar power generating
system
Private organizations,
etc.
Desiccant system
(a cooling system that utilizes
dehumidification)
Hybrid air conditioning control
technology
HI lighting and LED lighting
Motion sensor control
Initial light intensity lighting
Daylight linkage control
[ZEB validation project]
Subsidy (fixed amount (10/10))
ZEB
Automatic ventilation
control system
Conditions (eligible entities, eligible activities, subsidy rates, etc.)
Installers
ZEH
Subsidy (max. 2/3)
Integrated control system
Energy
conservation
ventilation system
[ZEH modification support project ]
Central
Government
03-3501-9726
Image of business operations
Line of business:
Central
Government
Energy Countermeasures Section at Agency of Natural
Resources and Energy
Private organizations,
etc.
Subsidy (fixed amount (10/10))
Installers
Subsidy (max. 1/2)
High efficiency lighting
Highly thermally
insulated
Highly efficient hot
water dispenser
Highly efficient air
conditioner
High performance
glass
Energy Countermeasures Section at Agency of Natural
Resources and Energy
Subsidy for Programs to Promote Implementation of Energy Conservation Measures
Estimated amount from requests for the budget of FY2012 600 million yen (880 million yen)
03-3501-9726
Image of business operations
Line of business:
Summary and purposes of project
Project for providing guidance on implementation of
energy conservation measures
○ Projects effected for providing business operators a diagnosis on the potential of implementing energy
conserving technologies. Energy conservation at manufacturing plants and business establishments are
promoted through this effort.
Conditions (eligible entities, eligible activities, subsidy rates, etc.)
l Setting objectives and targets
l Preparation of management standards
l Improvement plan program
Implementation of improvements
○ Eligible entities
Plan
Business operators who conduct diagnostic business operations, which include consideration for the potential
for implementing energy conserving technologies, at manufacturing plants and office buildings, etc.
Energy Conservation
Diagnosis
* In consideration for changes in the conditions following the earthquake disaster, the scope of eligible
business operators that conduct diagnosis is increased from FY2012, along with the acceptance of
applications for diagnosis pertaining to electric power savings.
(understanding current status)
l Mangement of unit consumption
l Understanding consumption by
application
l Understanding maintenance efficiency
Review
Central
Government
Private
organizations, etc.
Subsidy
(fixed amount (10/10))
Manufacturing plant
Business establishment
Dispatch of personnel
Verification of effects
l Review of management standards
l Review of plan program
l Extraction and elimination
of waste
l Implementation of plan
program
l Public relations,
educationandtraining
l Progress
management
l Gaining
understanding about
improvement effects
l Measuring and
recording
Energy Countermeasures Section at Agency of Natural
Resources and Energy
Stretegic Energy Conserving Technology Innovation Program
(Formerly Project for development of innovative technologies for energy conservation)
Estimated amount from requests for the budget of FY2012 12
03-3501-9726
billion yen (10.2 billion yen)
Image of business operations
Line of business:
Image of project for "Stretegic Energy Conserving Technology Innovation Program"
Summary and purposes of project
○ Publicly offered proposal-type research and development, for providing consistent support from the
discovery of seeds to commercialization for new and innovative energy conserving technologies, will be
carried out in a strategic manner.
Reflection
ZEB
Human factors
for comfort and
energy
conservation
Next
generation-type
heat pump
systems
1 year
(2/3 subsidy)
Within 1 year
Research and
development
(2/3 subsidy)
Within 2 years
Commercialization
Power
electronics
Incubation
research
Screening
Establishment of consortium for
individual technical domains
Validation
development
(1/2 subsidy)
Screening
Discovery of seeds and
commericalization
strategies
【Support for research and development of energy conserving technologies]
○ Managementr of research and development ○ Accesptance screening and
stage gate screening
Acceptance screening
○ Consortiums comprised of relevant research and development organizations, as well as users for
individual technical domains, are established to set issues for developments pertaining to specific
technologies and formulate energy conserving technology strategies, in order to promote technology
innovations, efficient technology developments and secure effectiveness of business operations.
[Investigative research on energy
conserving technologies]
○ Formulation of technological
strategies
○ Setting of development issues
NEDO
Collaboration, etc.
Screening
○ In order to review the current projects for innovative energy conserving technology developments will
be reviewed and further research and development promoted through the collaboration of the industry,
academia and government, which are focused on results, the attainment of targets will be thorooughly
enforced through the implementation of the stage gate screenings and support for promising topics with
the sights trained on commercialization will be promoted in a powerful manner.
Energy Conserving Technology
Initiative (tentative name)
Within 2 years
Seamlessly nurturing support from discovery of promising technologies to their commercialization
Incubation research
Research and development
Validation development
Summary
Advance research and formulation of
development and implementation
s c e n a r io s in o r d e r to a s s e s s
development investments for
promising energy conserving
technologies.
Research and development for
p r a c t ic a l i m p l e me n t a t io n a r e
conducted. Target attainment is
thoroughly implemented through
appropriate management of research
and development through advice
provided by external experts, etc.
Further technology developments and
validations are conducted in order to
overcome inhibiting factors for
technologies that have undergone
practical implementation, but for which
drawing in of business opportunities is
difficult.
Eligible entities
Enterprises, universities and research
institutions
Enterprises, universities and research
institutions
Enterprises, etc.
Upper limit amount
Approx. 20 million yen per case
Approx. 300 million yen per case
Approx. 1 billion yen per case
Subsidy rate
2/3※
2/3※
1/2
Implementation period
Within 1 year
Within 2 years
Within 2 years
Conditions (eligible entities, eligible activities, subsidy rates, etc.)
Central
Government
Enterprises
Universities, etc.
NEDO
Subsidy fund
Subsidy (2/3, 1/2)
* For industry, academia and government collaborations only; 100% subsidy for public research institutions.