December 2014 Vol. 58, No. 6 Illinois State Bar Association Family Law The newsletter of the Illinois State Bar Association’s Section on Family Law Chair’s column Inside By Kelli Gordon T he Illinois State Bar Association’s midyear meeting marks the halfway point of my term as chair of the Family Law Section Council. So far this year, the maintenance guidelines have become law (effective January 1, 2015); House Bill 1452 has been worked on zealously by our council; and there has been a lot of work on a bill that will change how we calculate child support. There are a lot of changes to family law that have happened and will be happen- Chair’s column . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ing over the next several years. One thing that has not changed is our awesome CLE programs! With the NOLA seminar already full, Pam Kuzniar has now switched gears to the financial trial. Mark your calendars for October 8 and 9, 2015, in beautiful downtown Grafton, Illinois. The financial trial, much like the custody trial of 2013, will be an actual trial put Continued on page 2 In re Marriage of Iqbal and Khan: A reminder not to overplay your hand in drafting postnuptial agreements In re Marriage of Iqbal and Khan: A reminder not to overplay your hand in drafting postnuptial agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Transmutation: Muddled assets shouldn’t lead to muddled evidence presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Upcoming CLE programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 By Patrick B. Hurley I n the recent case of In re Marriage of Iqbal and Khan, 2014 IL App (2d) 131306, the Second District Appellate Court was called upon to determine the validity of what can only be described as a bizarre postnuptial agreement (“PNA”) which the husband, Mohammad Khan, had sought to enforce in the trial court. By way of complete disclosure, this author must confess that he represented the wife, Uzma Iqbal, at trial and for some time prior thereto, including attending the declaratory judgment hearing at which the trial judge ruled the PNA invalid and unenforceable. This issue proved to be the primary impetus behind Khan’s appeal. The PNA contained a variety of terms, some rather pedestrian and others, well, not so much. Certain of the PNA’s terms related to the parties’ daily life, such as how they would communicate with each other and family, household arrangements, and the like. It sought to confirm that the parties would base their life and marriage on the Holy Quran and Sunnah. It also set forth the manner in which Iqbal would become vested, over a four-year period, in co-ownership of the house purchased by Khan prior to the parties’ marriage. Not so odd, you say? Ah, but wait, there’s more. The PNA appointed a third party “Religious and Marital Counselor and Arbiter of their Marital Affairs,” a man named Fisal Hammouda. (As an aside, the author must confess that his cross-examination of Mr. Hammouda at trial was one of the most surreal and entertaining experiences of his legal career.) The ill-fated PNA went so far as to provide that Hammouda’s authorization and approval was required for any major decisions, including but not limited to financial matters, matters relating to the parties’ three children, work and travel, and any contemplated divorce Continued on page 3 If you're getting this newsletter by postal mail and would prefer electronic delivery, just send an e-mail to Ann Boucher at [email protected] Family Law | December 2014, Vol. 58, No. 6 Chair’s column Family Law Continued from page 1 on by attorneys who oddly will play attorneys, as well as witnesses. I have signed up to be an actual attorney again, with Bill Scott as my co-counsel. As I told Bill, it is real easy to commit to the work when it is a year away. For those of you who did not have the opportunity to see the custody trial of 2013, Judge Blockman from Champaign was our trial judge. The attendees sat behind the trial attorneys as if they were sitting in an actual courtroom. Judge Blockman made his rulings on all objections as if it were an actual trial. After direct and cross-examinations of each witness, Pam stopped the trial and had other seasoned judges comment on the attorneys’ performance, as well as Judge Blockman’s rulings. Judge Blockman felt as if he had immediate Appellate Court rulings. I want to be completely clear, THERE WAS NO REHEARSAL. This is not scripted. Bill and I (and I am sure Lane Harvey and Rory Weiler, our opposing counsel) met several times; had numerous phone calls back and forth strategizing our case; and spent hours upon hours preparing for this trial. Pam had written an 80-page scenario complete with backgrounds of the parties and interviews of the witnesses. Our client, the husband (John Racklin) became so embedded in his role that while Judge Blockman was rendering his decision he started to get nervous sweats! All in all it was a great experience and, believe it or not … fun! While I am sure I won’t be thinking how fun it is on October 7, 2015, as Bill and I burn the midnight oil preparing for trial, it will be another great educational opportunity not only for the attendees, but for us, the actors. ■ FREE to ISBA members Your research isn’t complete until you’ve searched ISBA section newsletters Fourteen years’ worth of articles, fully indexed and full-text searchable…and counting. The ISBA’s online newsletter index organizes all issues published since 1999 by subject, title and author. More than a decade’s worth of lawyer-written articles analyzing important Illinois caselaw and statutory developments as they happen. WWW.ISBA.ORG/PUBLICATIONS/SECTIONNEWSLETTERS 2 Published at least four times per year. Annual subscription rate for ISBA members: $25. To subscribe, visit www.isba.org or call 217-525-1760 Office Illinois Bar Center 424 S. Second Street Springfield, IL 62701 Phones: 217-525-1760 OR 800-252-8908 www.isba.org Co-Editors Matthew A. Kirsh Robin R. Miller Rory T. Weiler Managing Editor/Production Katie Underwood [email protected] Family Law Section Council Kelli E. Gordon,, Chair Matthew A. Kirsh, Vice Chair Morris L. Harvey, Secretary Pamela J. Kuzniar, Ex-Officio Margaret A. Bennett Sharon R. Mulyk Jacalyn Birnbaum Treva H. O’Neill Hon. Arnold F. Blockman Alan Pearlman Chris W. Bohlen Angela E. Peters Molly E. Caesar Arlette G. Porter Hon. Neal W. Cerne Julia A. Pucci Dion U. Davi Jon J. Racklin Hon. Grace G. Dickler Hon. Jeanne M. Reynolds Howard W. Feldman Keith E. Roberts, Jr. Michael R. Galasso Susan W. Rogaliner Lisa M. Giese Curtis B. Ross Cecilia H. Griffin Hon. Richard D. Russo James WIlliam Hanauer Anthony Sammarco David H. Hopkins Hon. Andrea M. Schleifer Patrick B. Hurley William J. Scott, Jr. Heather M. Hurst Jennifer A. Shaw Michele M. Jochner Mark W. Simons Sally K. Kolb Letitia Spunar-Sheats David H. Levy Lindsay C. Stella Rebecca M. Leynaud Michael S. Strauss Marilyn F. Longwell Laura M. Urbik Kern Hon. Pamela E. Loza Hon. Donna-Jo R. Laura L. Malinowski Vordestrasse Lee A. Marinaccio Tamika R. Walker Anne M. Martinkus Douglas B. Warlick Sean M. McCumber Rory T. Weiler Hon. Timothy J. McJoynt Jennifer S. Wiesner Hon. Brian R. McKillip Richard A. Wilson Robin R. Miller Richard W. Zuckerman Enrico J. Mirabelli Mary M. Grant, Staff Liaison Hon. Celia G. Gamrath, Co-Board-Liaison Anna P. Krolikowska, Co-Board Liaison Lisa M. Nyuli, Co-Board Liaison Pamela J. Kuzniar, CLE Committee Liaison Pamela J. Kuzniar, CLE Coordinator Disclaimer: This newsletter is for subscribers’ personal use only; redistribution is prohibited. Copyright Illinois State Bar Association. Statements or expressions of opinion appearing herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Association or Editors, and likewise the publication of any advertisement is not to be construed as an endorsement of the product or service offered unless it is specifically stated in the ad that there is such approval or endorsement. Articles are prepared as an educational service to members of ISBA. They should not be relied upon as a substitute for individual legal research. The articles in this newsletter are not intended to be used and may not be relied on for penalty avoidance. Postmaster: Please send address changes to the Illinois State Bar Association, 424 S. 2nd St., Springfield, IL 62701-1779. December 2014, Vol. 58, No. 6 | Family Law In re Marriage of Iqbal and Khan: A reminder not to overplay your hand in drafting postnuptial agreements Continued from page 1 or separation. It required the parties to consult with Hammouda regarding any significant problems and major issues, further requiring the parties to be bound by Hammouda’s decisions with regard thereto. And as if these terms were not peculiar enough, the PNA provided that in the event Iqbal should seek an “unreasonable divorce,” i.e., one without Hammouda’s express written approval, she would forfeit all rights to her vested share of the marital residence. But wait, there is still more. The PNA provided that in the event a party (clearly targeted at Iqbal) should seek the dreaded “unreasonable divorce,” that party would forfeit all rights to custody of the three minor children. In poker parlance, this is known as overplaying one’s hand. Truth be told, it seems from the court’s decision that the PNA would have been considered invalid even in the absence of the custody forfeiture language, in light of the fact that the term “unreasonable divorce” was undefined and was therefore impermissibly vague and ambiguous. It is clear, however, that the custody forfeiture language sealed the PNA’s fate. The court was not only concerned with the PNA’s terms; the circumstances also proved rather irregular. The PNA was drafted by an attorney who later represented Khan for a period of time in the dissolution proceedings. This lawyer was also Hammouda’s nephew. At trial, Hammouda testified that he recalled Iqbal having been represented by counsel during the negotiations of the PNA, but could recall no details. The heavy-handed language of the PNA went far beyond simply vesting Hammouda with unfettered and completely subjective authority to determine whether a divorce sought by either party was “reasonable.” As discussed above, the PNA provided that an “unreasonable divorce” would divest the petitioner of all child custody rights, regardless of the best interests of the children. Furthermore, the PNA purported to prohibit either party from calling the authorities or police for any incident – with the exception of life or death emergencies or for the benefit of the other party – without Hammouda’s written approval. Violation of that provision would result in forfeiture of the violating party’s rights under the PNA (including not only custody rights, but also Iqbal’s vested rights in and to the marital residence, which was by far the most valuable marital asset). In short, the PNA placed complete authority in the hands of Hammouda to decide all marital disputes, pursuant to Islamic law, and with no obligation that Hammouda consider or adhere to principles of existing Illinois law or the best interests of the three minor children. Per the PNA’s terms, Hammouda’s judgments were intended to be binding and final, without recourse to judicial review. Moreover, even if the parties mutually wished to modify the terms of the PNA, they could not have done so without Hammouda’s approval. Contrary to Khan’s position in the trial court, on appeal he (wisely) conceded that the PNA’s terms relating to child custody were unenforceable as contrary to public policy. He then argued that the PNA’s provisions were severable, as he sought to enforce only the provisions relating to property distribution. Iqbal, ¶ 38. But despite the existence of severability language in the PNA, this argument proved unpersuasive to the Appellate Court. The court examined this severability issue in light of Kinkel v. Cingular Wireless, LLC, 223 Ill. 2d 1 (2006), in which the Illinois Supreme Court approved a standard for applying severability clauses that derives from section 184 of the Restatement (Second) of Contracts. “Under this standard, ‘a court may sever the unenforceable portion of an agreement and enforce the remainder’ if the party seeking enforcement did not engage in serious misconduct and the enforceable portion is not essential to the agreement as a whole.” Iqbal, ¶ 39, citing Kinkel, 223 Ill.2d 47. The court determined that the power vested in Hammouda, per the PNA, to control which party would have custody of the children was of great importance to the parties (custody was contested vigorously at trial and was an issue on appeal). The court then concluded that the removal of such terms from the PNA “would change the nature of the parties’ overall bargain substantially, to the point that we cannot conclude that without them the parties would have entered into the PNA. Moreover, the issue of custody was intertwined in the PNA with financial issues.” Iqbal, ¶ 39. Therefore, having determined that the PNA’s custody terms were an essential aspect of it – and that those terms were intertwined with the financial 3 terms – the court refused to apply the severability clause and enforce the PNA’s remaining provisions. The court went on to point out that, even if it could sever the PNA’s child custody and financial provisions, it would still find the PNA invalid and unenforceable. This is primarily due to the fact that “the term ‘unreasonable divorce,’ the linchpin upon which the entire agreement turns, is vague, ambiguous, and uncertain.” Iqbal, ¶ 40. The PNA provided no guidance as to circumstances that would cause a divorce to be “unreasonable” and Hammouda’s trial testimony “was likewise vague and ambiguous.” Id. Additionally, the court noted that the PNA was also “substantively unconscionable,” as its terms were “significantly one-sided or oppressive.” Iqbal, ¶ 41, citing In re Marriage of Tabassum, 377 Ill.App.3d 761, 777 (2nd Dist. 2007). The PNA sought to impose upon Iqbal the forfeiture of the single largest marital asset, the marital residence, if she were to seek an “unreasonable divorce,” with no similar penalty to be imposed on Khan. Furthermore, “the vagueness of the term ‘unreasonable divorce’ further contributes to the substantive unconscionability of the financial terms of the PNA, as it raises the possibility that [Iqbal] could lose her property rights if Hammouda withheld approval of her desire to file for a divorce, even if his actions were whimsical or capricious.” Iqbal, ¶ 41. It bears mention that, in specially concurring, Justice Burke disagreed with the majority’s analysis of the severability clause and its unenforceability resulting from the intertwining of child custody and financial issues. However, despite that disagreement, Justice Burke agreed with the majority’s determination that the PNA was unenforceable in its entirety due to vagueness, ambiguity, and unconscionability. In the final analysis, the PNA was done in by its overreach. Clearly designed as a mechanism to control Iqbal’s behavior and deter her from ever considering seeking the dissolution of the parties’ marriage, it collapsed under its own weight. And it serves as a reminder to family law practitioners not to seek—in the words of William Shakespeare—too much of a good thing. ■ Family Law | December 2014, Vol. 58, No. 6 4 December 2014, Vol. 58, No. 6 | Family Law Transmutation: Muddled assets shouldn’t lead to muddled evidence presentation By Chuck Roberts and William S. Thayer, Roberts P.C., Wheaton I n September 2014, the First District dealt with the issue of transmutation in In re Marriage of Foster.1 Transmutation is an often murky concept on its own, and becomes even more so when compounded with an inappropriate analysis by the court and insufficient evidence presented by family law practitioners which falls short. The First District’s opinion in Foster provides a workmanlike outline of the issues involved in trying transmutation cases together with a guide to the evidence needed to successfully prosecute the claim. The Foster court was tasked with deciding whether funds in a Scottrade account had been transmuted when inheritance income was commingled with marital funds in a Chase account and then subsequently transferred into a Scottrade account.2 While the Foster court found that funds contained in the Scottrade Account had not been transmuted,3 the Court’s discussion of the issue illustrated the pitfalls in dealing with transmutation. One of the threshold issues in any divorce is determining what makes up the marital estate. Of course, there is the presumption that property acquired during the marriage is marital.4 But transmutation comes into play when one party argues that an asset that was originally non-marital has become marital through an act of the other party. Section 503(c)(1) of the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Act provides, “when marital and non-marital property are commingled by contributing one estate of property into another resulting in a loss of identity of the contributed property, the classification of the contributed property is transmuted to the estate receiving the contribution.”5 Thus, what was non-marital becomes marital. Under the statute, transmutation requires a two part analysis: first, marital and nonmarital assets must be commingled; and, second, the commingling must result in a loss of identity between the marital and nonmarital property.6 Commingling, of course, requires very little analysis. Either property was mixed or it wasn’t. Therefore, in almost every case, the bulk of the analysis will fall under the second factor. But once property has been mixed, “the principle of transmutation is based on the presumption that the owner of the non-marital property intended to make a gift of the property to the marital estate.”7 That presumption, however, is rebuttable.8 Once funds have been traced from a non-marital account to a marital one, the court must determine whether a loss of identity has been shown by clear and convincing evidence.9 Many attorneys will simply attempt to trace funds from a non-marital account into a marital one, and claim that transmutation has occurred. In doing so, they hang their hat on the argument that “tracing of funds is a procedure which allows the court to find that property which would otherwise fall within the definition of marital property is actually non-marital property.”10 However, ending the analysis there is shortsighted as recent decisions have shown. In grappling with this issue, the courts have developed the “Conduit Rule.”11 The Conduit Rule states that where the marital account merely served as a conduit through which the non-marital funds flowed, then no loss of identity occurred, and, as such, transmutation has not occurred.12 Thus, the Conduit Rule serves as the crux of the analysis because courts recognize that every act of commingling should not effectively constitute transmutation.13 Indeed, it is not sufficient to merely trace funds, but other factors must be established as well. To illustrate this point, let’s say that Husband inherited $500,000 from his uncle and placed those funds in a non-marital account with Bank A. However, during the course of the parties’ marriage, Husband moves $200,000, through a series of smaller transfers, from the account with Bank A to a joint, marital account with Bank B. Husband then uses funds from Bank B to purchase a cabin. In attempting to argue that the cabin is marital property, Wife’s attorney traces the funds from Bank A’s account into Bank B’s account. Wife’s attorney then argues that funds were commingled in Bank B’s account, their identity was lost when the cabin was purchased, and therefore, transmutation occurred and the cabin is marital property. Such argument, 5 on the surface, may seem adequate, but it ignores the Conduit Rule by merely tracing the funds. Therefore, the court will have to look at a variety of other factors to determine whether Bank B’s account was merely a conduit. One of the factors that courts have looked at when applying the Conduit Rule is the length of time that the non-marital and marital funds were mixed.14 In In re Marriage of Henke, the Second District held mixing of marital and non-marital funds within the same account for 16 years resulted in a loss of identity.15 The court held that the length of time that the funds had been commingled weighed against a finding that the funds were merely flowing through the marital account.16 Courts have also looked at the amount of money involved between the two accounts. For example, the Henke Court held that “presumably, the amount of marital funds contributed over the 16 years greatly exceeded the amount of non-marital funds initially present in the account.” Id. Thus, in a situation where a large sum of marital money is commingled with a smaller sum of non-marital money, the court will lean toward finding that the sum accumulated by the time of the divorce is marital. Similarly, in In re Marriage of Davis,17 the First District took the non-marital contribution amount into account when finding that transmutation had occurred within the context of a money market account that had been funded through inherited money. The Court held that although it was established that the husband “intended to segregate the proceeds from his inheritance from the marital estate, there was no evidence as to what portion of the initial $1.8 million remained in the account.”18 Additionally, courts have looked to whether there was donative intent to the marital estate. In In re Marriage of Patrick,19 the husband owned various farm equipment prior the marriage.20 During the course of the marriage, the husband traded in the farm equipment for new equipment and used marital money from a joint account to cover the difference between the trade-in value of the old equipment and the purchase price Family Law | December 2014, Vol. 58, No. 6 of the new equipment.21 In holding that the purchase of the new equipment resulted in a loss of identity constituting transmutation, the court found that the husband could have presented evidence “that he did not intend to make a gift to the marital estate when he traded in his old equipment as part of the purchase of the new equipment,” but he chose not to.22 While it is hard to imagine that this argument would have carried the day, it illustrates the need to present evidence beyond mere tracing of funds.23 Finally, when all else fails, courts will look at a general inability to trace the source of the funds. Both the Davis24 and Wojcik25 Courts found that the inability to trace payments with specificity was a relevant factor. Since neither party could properly trace the money through the account in question, transmutation had not occurred.26 Clearly, it helps if there are corresponding amounts being deposited and withdrawn from an account, but this will rarely be the case. In most cases, it will be important to look at the time frame and the total amounts going into and out of the accounts. As such, to revisit the above example involving the cabin, it will not be enough to go only as far as showing the commingling of funds into Bank B and the ultimate purchase of the cabin, but the attorneys will also have to examine how much was withdrawn from the account to pay for the cabin, the length of time that the funds were commingled, the amount of money in the account with Bank B compared to the amounts transferred from the account with Bank A, and whether there was any donative intent to the marital estate. Otherwise, the court is left with insufficient facts to determine the nature of the commingled funds and whether loss of identity truly occurred. As the Foster decision most recently illustrated, transmutation cases deal with blurred lines and muddled areas. If the analysis and evidence presented to the court is not clear, then it can cost clients significantly. However, with a basic understanding of what factors courts are looking for and how the statutory presumptions operate within the context of the two prong analysis, attorneys can create a clear and concise game plan. Such a course of action is necessary to be successful in trying a transmutation case and avoiding the common pitfalls. ■ __________ 1. 2014 Il App (1st) 123078 2. Id at. ¶16-19 and ¶32-35 3. Id at. ¶79 4. 750 ILCS 5/503(a). See also In re Marriage of Heroy 385 Ill. App. 3d 640, 670 (2008) 5. 750 ILCS 5/503(c)(1) 6. Id. 7. In re Marriage of Olsen, 96 Ill. 2d 432, 439 (1983) 8. See In re Marriage of Didier, 318 Ill.App. 3d 253, 261-62 (2000) 9. In re Marriage of Steel, 2011 IL App (2d) 080974, ¶ 86 10.In re Marriage of Jelinek, 244 Ill. App. 3d 496 (1993) 11. See In re Marriage of Heroy, 385 Ill. App. 3d 640, 674-75 (2008), In re Marriage of Wojcik, 362 Ill. App. 3d 144, 154-55 (2005), and In re Marriage of Steel, 2011 IL App (2d) 080974, ¶83-85; and In re Marriage of Foster, 2014 Il App (1st) 123078, ¶79 12. Id. 13. In re Marriage of Olsen, 96 Ill 2d. 432, 440 (1983) 14. In re Marriage of Henke, 313 Ill.App. 3d 159, 168 (2000) 15. Id. 16. Id. 17. 215 Ill. App. 3d 763 (1991) 18. Id at. 771 19. 233 Ill. App. 3d 561 (1992) 20. Id at. 563-564 21. Id. 22. Id at. 575-76 23. To see how this principle operates within the context of exercising stock options, see In re Marriage of Blackburn, 2013 IL App (2d) 110719-U 24. 215 Ill. App. 3d 763, 770-771 (1991) 25. 362 Ill. App. 3d 144, 155 (2005) 26. See footnotes 24 and 25. GUIDE TO ILLINOIS STATUTES FOR ATTORNEYS’ FEES—2014 EDITION ARE YOUR FEES RECOVERABLE? Find out before you take your next case. New and Updated Listings on Recoverable Fees Current through January 1, 2014. The new edition of this essential guide lists all provisions in the Illinois Compiled Statutes that authorize the court to order one party to pay the attorney fees of another. No matter what your practice area, this book will save you time – and could save you and your clients money! In the 2014 edition you’ll find new and updated listings on recoverable fees under the Code of Civil Procedure, Code of Criminal Procedure, Uniform Commercial Code, Collection Agency Act, Public Aid Code, Health Care Services Act, Labor Dispute Act, and many other statutes. This easy to use guide is organized by ILCS Chapter and Act number, and also includes an index with an alphabetical listing of all Acts and topics. It’s a guide no lawyer should be without. Need it NOW? Also available as one of ISBA’s FastBooks. View or download a pdf immediately using a major credit card at the URL below. FastBooks prices: $35.00 Members/$50.00 Non-Members Order at www.isba.org/store or by calling Janet at 800-252-8908 Guide to Illinois Statutes for Attorneys’ Fees—2014 edition $37.50 Members/$52.50 Non-Members (includes tax and shipping) 6 Illinois has a history of some pretty good lawyers. We’re out to keep it that way. December 2014, Vol. 58, No. 6 | Family Law Upcoming CLE programs To register, go to www.isba.org/cle or call the ISBA registrar at 800-252-8908 or 217-525-1760. January Wednesday, 1/28/15- Chicago, ISBA Regional Office—Lawyer to Lawyer Mentoring Orientation. 12-2. Lunch included. Wednesday, 1/28/15- Live Webcast— Lawyer to Lawyer Mentoring Orientation. 122. Lunch included. Thursday, 1/29/15- Live Studio Webcast—Non-Competes and Other Restrictive Covenants: What you Need to Know. Presented by the ISBA Business and Securities Law Section. 10-11:15am. February Thursday, 2/5/15- Chicago, ISBA Regional Office—Lawyer to Lawyer Mentoring Orientation. 12-2. Lunch included. 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Presented by the ISBA Family Law Section. 1-6:15; 9-5. Wedensday, 3/25/15- Live studio webcast—Avoiding Pitfalls While Navigating Through the Custom Penalty Process. Presented by the ISBA International & Immigration Section. 12-1:30. Thursday, 3/26- Friday 3/27/15- Chicago, ISBA Regional Office—2015 Environmental Law Conference. Presented by the ISBA Environmental Law Section. 8:30-4:45 with reception until 6; 8:30-noon. April Thursday, 4/9/15- Chicago, ISBA Regional Office—Using Freelance Attorneys and Other Outsourcing Choices to Grow Your Practice and Profits. Presented by the ISBA General Practice, Solo & Small Firm Council. 8:30-12:15. ■ Family Law Non-Profit Org. U.S. POSTAGE PAID Springfield, Ill. Permit No. 820 Illinois Bar Center Springfield, Illinois 62701-1779 December 2014 Vol. 58 No. 6 A must-have for attorneys new to real estate transactions! Bundled with a FREE Fastbook PDF! 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