Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
1.!
What is the composition of the nucleic acids, DNA, and RNA? Be able to describe
and identify the components of nucleosides, nucleotides, DNA, and RNA.!
2.!
What is the structure of DNA? Be able to describe the double helix and base pairing
in DNA.
3.!
How is DNA reproduced? Be able to explain the process of DNA replication.
4.!
What are the functions of RNA? Be able to list the types of RNA, their locations in
the cell, and their functions.!
5.!
How do organisms synthesize messenger RNA? Be able to explain the process of
transcription.!
6.
How does RNA participate in protein synthesis? Be able to explain the genetic
code, and describe the initiation, elongation, and termination steps of translation.
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
1.!
What is the composition of the nucleic acids, DNA, and RNA?
DNA (a polymer of deoxyribonucleic acid):
Chromosomes:
Genes:
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Nucleic Acid:
Nucleotide:
RNA (ribonucleic acid):
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid):
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Nucleoside:
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
ribonucleotides:
deoxyribonucleotides:
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
ATP and ADP:
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
2.!
What is the structure of DNA?
nucleic acids:
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Double Helix:
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Base pairing:
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
3.!
How is DNA reproduced? Replication:
Transcription:
Translation:
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Helicases:
Replication Forks:
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
1.
2.
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Leading Strand:
Lagging Strand (Okazaki fragments)
DNA Ligase
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Semiconservative replication:
4.!
What are the functions of RNA?
Ribosomes:
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA):
Transfer RNAs (tRNA):
Messenger RNA (mRNA):
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
5.!
How do organisms synthesize messenger RNA?
1.
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
exon:
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
intron:
heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA):
spliceosome:
Codon:
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Genetic Code:
Overview of protein synthesis:
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Initiation:
1.
2.
3.
Elongation:
1.
2.
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Chapter 16: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
3.
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Termination:
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