English12
SemesterEx
amReview
TopicsYouProposed
0  CriticalLenses
0  Inference
0  Symbolism
0  StructureofaParagraph
0  Writing:Revision
0  PhotoEssaysandVisualLiteracy
0  Forvocabularyreview,gotoQuizletlinkonmy
teacherwebsite.
PhotoEssays
0  Structureandcomponents
0  VisualLiteracy
VisualLiteracy
0  Longshot—showscompletebodyofsubjectand
surroundings
0  Mediumshot—waistup
0  Highangle—cameraisuphighlookingdownonsubject
0  Lowangle—cameraisdownlowlookingupatsubject
0  Whenlookingattypesofshots,thinkaboutwhatisbeing
communicatedaboutthesubjectbythephotographer.
0  Examples
Whatangle?
PhotoEssay:Structureand
Components
0  Thesis
0  Captions
0  Photos
0  Organizedtobuildanargument,justlikeanessay
Writing:Revision
0  Showingvs.Telling
0  Diction:StrongNounsandVerbs
0  EffectiveIntroductions
EffectiveIntroductions
0  ShouldNOTstartwith:“Inthisessay….”
0  Instead,theyusesomestrategieslikethis:
0  Beginwithaquotation
0  Begininthemiddleofaction/incharacter’sthought
0  Beginwithavividsensorydescription
0  Beginwithathought-provokingquestion
Diction:StrongNounsand
Verbs
0  Themanwalkedovertothetable.
0  Thenounsabovearegeneralandtheverbisweakand
boring.Whenrevisingapieceofwriting,makesure
youusewordsthatpaintapictureforyourreader.
0  Whatcouldyoureplacethesewordswith?
Showingvs.Telling
0  Describestheactionandthesceneinsteadofdirectly
statingtheemotionofthecharacter.Often,these
sentencesavoidusingaformoftheverb“tobe”(am,
is,are,etc.)
0  Revisethissentencesothatitshowsangerinsteadof
tells:
Mr.Vaskowasangry.
StructureofaParagraph
0  TopicSentence(makesanargument)
0  Speci^ic,RelevantExamples
0  Explanationoftheexamples
0  Practice
ParagraphRevision
0  Whichofthefollowingsentenceswouldlogicallycomeafterthis
topicsentence:
TheChrist^igureisacommonarchetypefoundthroughout
literatureandcinema.
a.  InTheDarkKnightRises,thedevil^igure,Bane,holdsGotham
hostage,incitingriotsandmayhemthroughoutthecitythat
onceclungtoorder.
b.  TheWhiteWitch,inChroniclesofNarnia:TheLion,TheWitch,
andtheWardrobe,takesEdmondprisonertosymbolicallypay
forhissinsofbetrayal.
c.  This^igureappearsincontemporaryandancienttextsalike.
Forexample,Jawsutilizesthisarchetypethroughthecharacter
oftheshark.
d.  Batman’sstrugglestorisefromthepitisthearchetypaldeath
andresurrection.Infact,heevensucceedsonhisthirdtry.
Symbolism
0  Whenanobject,color,name,etc.represents
somethingotherthanwhatitliterallyis.
0  Inatext,youcandeterminewhatsomethingmay
symbolizebyhowit’sdescribed,whatit’sassociated
with,andtheroleitplaysinthestory.
0  Examplesfromsemester:AslansymbolizingaChrist
^igure,Pygmalionsymbols(pipecleanersandcoins
activity),etc.
Inference
0  De^inition:determiningwhatatextimplies,but
doesn’ttellyououtright.
0  Forexample,whatcanyouinferaboutmymoodinthe
followingparagraph:
MyknucklesturnedwhiteasIgrippedthesteering
wheelandswervedtomissthedeer.
(P.S.thisisalsoandexampleofshowingyourreader
whatyoumeaninsteadoftellingthem.Itallconnects).
CriticalLenses
0  ReaderResponse
0  CulturalCriticism
0  ArchetypalCriticism
0  MarxistCriticism
0  FeministCriticism
0  Practice:Differentiatingamongdifferentlensesinone
text.
ReaderResponse
0  Thereaderbringstheirexperienceandbackgroundto
understandatext.
0  Thereaderandthetextworktogethertocreatemeaning.
0  Thislenssuggeststhereisno“right”waytointerpreta
text.
0  ExamplesfromSemester:“TheCurse,”byJoshRitter(the
songaboutthemummywhocomesbacktolife).Also
prettymucheverythingelseyou’vedoneinyourEnglish
classesupuntilnow.
CulturalCriticism
0  Examineshowcultureshapesidentity
0  Examineshowcultureworkstoincludecertain
groupsandexcludeothers
0  Examinesmarginalizedgroupsinatext
0  Examplefromsemester:IndianaJonesandtheRaiders
oftheLostArk
ArchetypalCriticism
0  Examinesdifferentpatterns(characters,images,
themes,symbols)thatrepeatacrosstexts.
0  Examplesfromsemester:Hero’sjourney,Jaws,
ChroniclesofNarnia,andPygmalion
MarxistCriticism
0  Examineshowtheeconomicstrugglesanddifferences
betweentheclassescreatecon^lict.
0  Questionswhatperspective(upper,middle,lower)a
textiswrittenfrom
0  Questionswhatvaluesarerepresentedforeachclass.
0  Examplesfromsemester:NinetoFive,Chapman’s
“FastCar,”yoursonglyrics,andPygmalion.
FeministCriticism
0  Examinesthepowerdynamicbetweenthegenders.
0  Examineshowpeoplewithinagendergroupinteract
0  Examineshowpeoplebetweengendergroups
interact.
0  Examplesfromsemester:TheImitationGame
ApplyingDifferentLensesto
OneText
Whilewatchingtheclip,
considertheinterpretation
eachlenswouldmake:
• 
• 
• 
• 
Archetypal
CulturalCriticism
Marxist
Feminist
HowisArchetypalCriticism
appliedtoPygmalion?
0  Remember,theplayPygmalion(whichhasthe
charactersofHigginsandEliza)isbasedonthemyth
“PygmalionandtheStatue”
0  Higginsisthecreatorarchetype,whoseeksto
transforma^lawedobjectintosomethingmore
perfect
0  Elizaisthearchetypeofthetransformedsubject,
whosechangesbringaboutvariouscon^licts