Middle Ages: Feudalism
- Study Guide -Franks and Charlemagne 1. List all names for the Middle Ages.
2. What did Charles “The Hammer” Martel do?
3. Explain Charlemagne’s accomplishments.
4. Explain the Vikings.
5. Explain the Franks characteristics.
-Medieval life 6. Explain the governmental system feudalism?
7. What is a manor and how is it set up?
8. What are fiefs/manors?
9. What is the social order on a Manor
10. Why people stayed on the manors?
11. What are knights and their code?
12. Explain a serf and their life.
13. Why was trade difficult to do?
-Medieval Church14. What were Tithe?
15. Who were Abbots?
16. What is Simony?
17. What is Sacraments?
18. What were Benedictine Rules and what did he support?
19. What is heresy and excommunication?
-The Crusades20. Who were the groups fighting?
21. Why they were fighting?
22. Explain Sultan Saladin and Richard the Lion Heart.
23. Pop Urban II significance
24. Explain the Children’s Crusades & Stephen de Cloyes?
25. Explain the Effects of the Crusades
 Contrast the lives of women during the medieval period with women of today.
Date:
Western Europe: Medieval Times
- It is a time period of:________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
- The word Medieval is ____________________________ for “______________________”
commonly referred to as the period between the fall of the Roman Empire in Western
Europe and the rise of the Renaissance.
- This period is also known as the ______________________________________ and the
_____________________________________________.
-Barbarian Kingdoms- Most Barbarian people were ____________________________________from the North.
- They carved up Western Europe into small kingdoms.
- Kingdoms categorized by ________________________________________________
- _________________________________: Gauls, Britons, Bretons, Angles-Saxons
- _________________________________: Goths, Frank, Vandals, Ostrogoths
* ___________________________________ wasn’t needed for warriors, so learning
_______________________________*
- They had no _________________________ or ____________________________, locale
languages mixes with ___________________________________________.
- Lived in small communities governed by ______________________________________
-Franks- _______________________________________in 481 became the Ruler of the Barbarian
group, ______________________________________.Became ruler at the age of _________
- Converted to _____________________________________ at the urging of his
______________________________________________. His new conversion gained him
the loyalty from old Roman citizens and __________________________________________
- Charles “
” Martel, defeats a Muslim army at the,
“________________________________________________ ”.
- The Battle of Tours prevents the_______________________________________________.
- The Frank’s Empire included __________________________________________________.
-The Effects of the Barbarian Invasions Constant fighting, _______________ slowed down, ______________
diminish and learning virtually ________. Western Europe will become
isolated and backward.
-Summary-
Charlemagne
-Pepin (
__ ) Martel- On the death of Pepin's father, ____________________________________ in 741, power
was passed down to Pepin.
- __________________________________________ traveled all the way to Paris to anoint
King Pepin in a lavish ceremony.
- Pepin gave a __________________________________________ for his Anointment.
- Pepin’s son Charles{________________________________} Martel rules after his death
-Charlemagne- In _____________, on ______________________________ in Rome, ______________
crowned Charlemagne “Imperator Romanorum” (___________________________________).
- Doubled the size of the Kingdom{____________________________________________
_____________________________________________}.
- Encouraged _______________________________________ – opened church run schools,
libraries,____________________________________________.
- Local officials called ________________________– helped Charlemagne run his empire.
- Believed himself_________________________& was chosen to spread ______________
- When Charlemagne ___________________________ he was succeeded by his only son
_______________________________________.
- After A.D 843 Charlemagne’s grandsons fought for control of the Empire.
- The ______________________________________ settled the civil war:
a) _____________________________________ took the western part (France)
b) _____________________________________took the eastern (Germany)
c) __________________________________took the middle (north sea to Italy)
- Charlemagne’s Lasting Legacy- He is Responsible for starting the Gov’t system, “ _______________________________”
- Spreading _______________________________________ into Northern Europe.
-Viking Invasions- ________________________________ (Berserkers) raid Western Europe - sought riches
and adventure.
- Used long _______________________________ with one sail and long oars to travel.
- They ______________________________________ on Charlemagne’s once great Empire.
-Summary-
Feudalism
Feudalism - A ____________________ system based on political, economic, and
social scale based on __________________________________________________
service.
-Summary-
Feudalism and Manor Life
-Feudal Social OrderKing
- the Ruler
{Nobles} _________________ - owns and runs the land
_________________ - are mounted warriors.
_________________ - Peasants labor force
-Manorial System- Manors{
} consisted of several hundred thousand acres of
self-sufficient land own by a lord. On it were the lord’s house, pastures for livestock, fields for
crops and a village for the peasants and a church.
- ___________________{Peasants} worked the land in exchange for food shelter and protection.
Few lived past the age of 40 because they lived very hard lives. Most were __________________
the manor. (_________________________, couldn’t be sold).
- Peasants rarely traveled more than ______________ from the manor, so the manors had to be
self-sufficient communities.
- Manors were home to ________________________
- Peasants were heavily taxed, including a ________ – a church __________________ their income.
- Due to ____________________________________, ________________________was nearly
impossible, so the manor had to produce everything it needed{self-sufficient}.
•
•
•
•
•
Worked hard in the fields
All kinds of farm work
Married young
Arranged marriages
Had a ___________________ - money or
property that a wife's family gives to her
husband when the wife and husband marry.
•
•
•
•
•
Called ladies
Ran manor when lord was out fighting
Raised money for ransom
Arranged marriages
Had a dowry
-Chivalry- A ________________________________________________________________________
- A good knight would live by this code; _________________________________________
____________________________________ and protecting the weak.
-Castles- Built for ____________________________________not for______________________
- Built of stone, with thick walls and small towers. Moats were built around them for defense.
- Contained many rooms, a _________________and were______________________________
_________________.
*….There were towns but they were small and unimportant.
-Summary-
The Medieval Church
-The Roman Catholic Church- The Church was the_____________________________________and a symbol of
Continuity, shared beliefs bond people.
- The Church & _______________________- Popes, Bishops and priests provided:
1)
2)
3)
- The Catholic Church taught that all people were ___________________________
and the only way to receive Salvation{__________________________________
was to perform Sacraments, __________________________________________like:
_______________________________Holy Communion, Reconciliation (confession),
_______________________________________________________________
- Due to poor __________________ during the Middle Ages, most people learned about
the Christian faith from, __________, paintings and ___________________________.
- Cannon laws were set up by the church_________________________________
__________________________________
- The church supported itself with a tax called _______________.
- The ____________________ leads all Catholics _____________________. A title
inherited from the apostle _________________________________.
-Monastic life- Males are _______________ and Females are ___________ – Duties: __________ and
pray. Strengthen the church living apart from it.
- _________________________: wear long plain robes, one or two meals a day and
meditation. Some had rules of total ________________________.
* Few people could ____________________________, so Monasteries copied books
(
) by hand to ___________________ the
ancient religious works and classical writings.
- ________________________ were in charge of Monasteries, where monks lived.
- ________________________ were in charge of Convents, where the nuns lived.
-Benedict’s Rules- A.D.529 Italian monk ____________________ set up rules for the Monasteries life.
- His sister ____________________________adapts rules for nuns living in convents.
- They were to ________________________, could not own goods, live a life of poverty.
- Not allowed to marry, _____________________ & obedience to God and Church.
-Summary-
Church Power
-Friars and Missionaries- Each of these _________________________ who brought the word of God to you.
- The best known was the _______________________________
- Missionaries: __________________________ converted the people of Ireland and
_______________________________ converted the Anglos and Saxons of England.
- ___________________________ 1225-1274, A Catholic monk was the greatest
philosopher of the Middle Ages and taught Theology{the____________________}.
He believed in Natural Law{__________}, your god given rights.
-Church Power- In 590, Gregory I, also called ______________________________, becomes pope.
- Under Gregory, ____________________ becomes Secular{worldly}____________
_____________________________.
- Kings and emperors were expected to obey _______________________________.
- The Roman Catholic Church and European Governments _____________________
______________and control. Example was ________________________________
excommunication by _________________________________.
- In the 900’s many people wanted the church to be ___________________________
- 1059 – Popes would be elected by Cardinals{ _____________________________}
- 1215 – strict rules were set for Heresy { __________________________________
______________________}.
- Church run courts, called ___________________________, were set up to find
heretics.
- _________________________________- You were outlawed from any contact with a
Christian society and you can’t go to ___________________________.
- By the end of the Middle Ages the Church officials were_____________________
_________________________ and were living a life of _____________________.
- This better life style came from an increase in church taxes and Simony {_______
________________________________________}.
* The Roman Catholic Church helped govern Western Europe until their
corruption causes disunity within the church. The Monarchs use this as
an opportunity to take full control of their kingdoms.
-Summary-
The Crusades
-Crusades- A series of Holy Wars fought by the __________________________________________
- The Goal was to control Palestine and the Holy City of ___________________________
- The Crusades comes from Latin word “____________________”, to take up the cross.
- Muslims- believed Muhammad ______________________________________ from
Jerusalem.
- Christians- Jesus was ___________________________________________________ in
Jerusalem.
 The First Crusade-A.D. 1095-1099
- Known as the “_____________________________ Crusades”
- __________________________________________ called on all Christians to fight
because the Turks (Muslims) _______________________________________ and closed
it to all Christians.
- All Christians were promised immediate _______________________________________
- They wore ___________________________________________ on their clothing and
took the city from the Muslims A.D.1099.
 The Second Crusade-A.D.1147-1149
- Turks conquered parts of ______________________________________ and fought off
Christian attempts to reacquire the Holly land.
 The Third Crusade – A.D.1198-1192
- The _______________________________________________________________.
- The Muslims led by _______________________________________ captured Jerusalem.
- German King drowns on his way to battle.
- England’s ______________________________________________ leads his troops.
- _________________________________________ allowed Christians access to the city to
worship.
 The Fourth Crusades- A.D.1198-1204
- ____________________________ wanted to free the Holy Land of non-Christians infidels.
- The city ____________________________ was destroyed by the western Christians.
- Eastern _____________________________________________________ It was a totally
pointless exercise, a total disaster for the future of Christianity.
-SUMMARY-
The Children’s Crusades
 -The Children’s Crusade- The Children's Crusade was supposedly launched in 1212 by the 12-year old French
__________ _____________________________More than __________________ were
thought to have been sold into_____________ when they thought that they were boarding
ships that would take them to the Holy Land. It ended in tragedy for the Christian children:
______________________________.
-Knights Templar- “Poor Knights of Jesus Christ”
- Took vows of ___________, chastity & obedience - Answered to_____________
except the _______________.
- By 1196 a string of Templar castles set up in the Holy Land.
- Devoted to war – guarded ____________________________ and Camped on Temple
Mount.
- Fearless warriors – nearly _______________________ during crusades.
- Mistrusted by other crusaders - Many rumors about secret religious rites.
- Became enormously wealthy and powerful as prominent _____________.
- Friday, April 13, 1307 - King Phillip IV of France had them ______________________
their assets to diminish their power.
-Effects from the Crusades- A total of _________________________________________ - European leaders
___________________________and concentrate on Political and Economic
________________________________________.
- European contact with other civilizations ______________________________________
_________and revitalized Western Europe: Literature, Art, Science, Technology, etc.
 _________________________________, because of the vast movement of people during
the crusades. Goods: Spices, Sugar, Melons, Tapestries, Silk and other Luxury items.
- It broke down _________________________ and increased the authority of the
______________
a) Many nobles _________________________________________________________
b) ____________________________________________ their freedom (nobles needed
money for weapons and supplies).
-SUMMARY-