Useful Information
Measurement - EQUIVALENTS
ENGLISH to SI (METRIC)
LENGTH/AREA
1 inch (in)
1 foot (ft)
1 yard (yd)
1 Mile (mi)
1 square foot (ft2)
is
is
is
is
is
2.540 centimeter (cm)
0.3048 meter (m)
0.9144 meter (m)
1.6093 Kilometer (Km)
0.0929 square meter (m2)
is
is
is
is
28.349 grams (g)
0.4535 kilogram (Kg)
4.4482 Newton (N)
0.9072 Tonne (t)
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is
is
is
16.387 cubic cm (cm3)
0.02832 cubic meter (m3)
3.78541 Liter (L)
0.9463 Liter (L)
MASS
1 ounce (oz)
1 pound (lb)
1 pound (lb)
1 ton (T)
1 cm3………...…............…..…..1mL
1 m3………….…..........1,000,000 mL
1 ft3……………...…............1728 in3
1 yd3………………...…...........27 ft3
VOLUME
1 cubic inch (in3)
1 cubic foot (ft3)
1 gallon (gal)
1 quart (qt)
SI (METRIC) to ENGLISH
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Length
1 foot (ft)……….................12 inches (in)
1 yard (yd)………….................36 inches
1 yard……………….............…..…3 feet
1 mile……………….................5280 feet
1 centimeter (cm)…………….0.01 meter
Mass/Weight
1 pound (lb)…...................16 ounces (oz)
1 ton (T)……...............……2000 pounds
1.0 Kg………..…………………..9.81 N
LENGTH/AREA
1 centimeter (cm)
1 Meter (m)
1 Meter (m)
1 Kilometer (Km)
1 square meter (m2)
Volume
1 cup (c)...…..............8 fluid ounces (oz)
1 pint (pt)..…..….........……….….2 cups
1 quart (qt)…....….........…………2 pints
1 quart…………...........………….4 cups
1 gallon (gal)…………...............4 quarts
1 m3…………...…............1,000,000 cm3
1 L………….……….…............0.001 m3
1 L………….……..…….........1,000 cm3
1 mL……….…………….............1 gram
0.3937 inch (in)
3.2808 foot (ft)
1.0936 yard (yd)
0.6214 mile (mi)
10.7639 square ft (ft2)
Area
1 m2………..............….…….10,000 cm2
1 cm3……..............…………..…….1mL
1 ft2....................................144.00 in2
1 Km2............................1,000,000 m2
MASS
1 gram (g)
1 Kilogram (Kg)
1 Tonne (t)
1 Newton (N)
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0.035 ounce (oz)
2.2046 pounds (lb)
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1.10 Ton (T)
0.2248 pound (lb)
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is
is
is
0.06102 cubic inches (in3)
35.315 cubic foot (ft3)
1.0566 quart (qt)
0.264172 gallon (gal)
VOLUME
1 cubic centimeter (cm3)
1 cubic meter (m3)
1 Liter (L)
1 Liter (L)
Heat
Cp Water..................................4.184 J/g˚C
1 calorie………….........…………4.184 J
1 Calorie (kcal).….........….…........4184 J
1 Kilojoule......................................1000 J
1 Calorie (kcal)...........…….1000 calories
4 Calories (kcal) per gram for carbohydrate
4 Calories (kcal) per gram for protein
9 Calories (kcal) per gram for fat
Amount
Avogadro’s Number ……....6.022 x 1023
METRIC to METRIC Conversions
Kilo (k)
Hecto (h)
Deka (da)
BASE UNIT
Deci (d)
1000
of the base unit
100
of the base unit
10
of the base unit
1
1/10
of the base unit
METER
(m)
There are 10 of
these IN
a base unit
There are 1000 OF There are 100 OF There are 10 OF
the base unit
the base unit
the base unit
in these
in these
in these
There are 1000
Meters in 1 km
Grams in 1 kg
Liters in 1 kL
There are 100
Meters in 1 hm
Grams in 1 hg
Liters in a hL
Science@Lopezville
There are 10
Meters in 1 dam
Grams in 1 dag
Liters in 1 daL
LITER (L)
GRAM (g)
There are 10
dm in 1 Meter
dg in 1 Gram
dL in 1 Liter
Centi (c)
Milli (m)
1/100
1/1000
of the base unit of the base unit
There are 1000
There are 100 of
of
these IN
these IN
a base unit
a base unit
There are 100 There are 1000
cm in 1 Meter
mm in 1 Meter
cg in 1 Gram
mg in 1 Gram
cL in 1 Liter
mL in 1 Liter
GENERAL RULES OF SOLUBILITY - Ionic Compounds in H2O at 25˚C
SOLUBLE: It WILL dissolve = You DON’T SEE IT = Aqueous = Solution
INSOLUBLE: It WON’T dissolve = You DO SEE IT = Solid = Precipitate
1. Salts containing Group 1 elements are soluble (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, Rb+). Exceptions to this rule are rare. All salts
containing the ammonium ion (NH41+) are also soluble.
2. Salts containing nitrate (NO31-) and Acetate (C2H3O21-) and Chlorate (ClO31-) are soluble.
3. Salts containing Cl1-, Br1-, I1- are generally soluble. Important exceptions to this rule are salts of
Ag1+, Pb2+, and (Hg2)2+. Thus, AgCl, PbBr2, and Hg2Cl2 are all insoluble.
4. Most silver salts are insoluble. AgNO3 and Ag(C2H3O2) are common soluble salts of silver; virtually anything
else is insoluble.
5. Most sulfate salts are soluble. Important exceptions to this rule include BaSO4, PbSO4, Ag2SO4, and CaSO4.
6. Most hydroxide salts are only slightly soluble. Hydroxide salts of Ba2+, NH41+ and Group 1 elements are
soluble. Hydroxide salts of Group 2 elements (Ca, Sr, and Ba) are slightly soluble*. Hydroxide salts of
transition metals and Al3+ are insoluble. Thus, Fe(OH)3, Al(OH)3, Co(OH)2 are not soluble.
7. Most sulfides of transition metals are highly insoluble. Thus, CdS, FeS, ZnS, Ag2S are all insoluble. Arsenic,
antimony, bismuth, and lead sulfides are also insoluble. Those with NH41+ or group 1 or 2 cations are soluble.
8. Except for those with NH41+ or Group 1 cations, Carbonates are insoluble. Group 2 carbonates (CaCO3, SrCO3,
and BaCO3) are insoluble. Some other insoluble carbonates include FeCO3 and PbCO3.
9. Chromates are frequently insoluble. Examples: PbCrO4, BaCrO4,
10. Except for those with Group 1 cations, Silicates and Phosphates are insoluble.
11. Fluorides are frequently insoluble. Examples: BaF2, MgF2 PbF2.
12. All oxides are insoluble EXCEPT those with calcium, barium and Group 1 cations.
*The term slightly soluble really means insoluble (does not dissolve). Not enough dissolves to be noticed by the naked eye – so they are
actually listed as INSOLUBLE. For example – MgCO3 would be insoluble.
Change in Heat Energy
PERCENT ERROR
Actual Value – Your Measured Value
Actual Value
x
Q = m · ΔT · CP
100
Actual / Molecular Formula
Key Word = Mass / Grams
Molar Mass g (X)
n=
1 mol (X)
or
1 mol (X)
Molar Mass g (X)
Science@Lopezville
6.022 x 1023 Atoms/Ion/F.U./Molecule (X)
= Molecular Formula
PERCENT YIELD
1 mol (X)
or
1 mol (X)
Empirical Formula Molar Mass
n ( Empirical Formula)
Key Word = Atoms / Ions / Formula Units / Molecule
6.022 x 1023 Atoms/Ion/F.U./Molecule (X)
Actual Formula Molar Mass (given)
Actual Yield (g)
% Yield =
Theoretical Yield
(g)
x 100