Daily English Vocab
PDF 3rd Dec 2016
Patriotism By Diktat
Patriotism is a value that most people cherish without being required to demonstrate it in visible
ways. Unfortunately, a notion has emerged in the country that it ought to be articulated frequently,
demonstrated publicly and enforced in such a manner that it will be an object lesson to the odd
dissenter (भिन्नमतावलम्बी/जो प्रचभलत मत के भवरुद्ध हो). Given this, it is hard to understand the rationale for
the Supreme Court’s order that every cinema hall should play the national anthem before the
exhibition (प्रदर्शन) of a film. India has given itself an anthem easily recognized as a lofty (उत्कृष्ट/उद्धत/
ऊंचा) and moving rendering of the country’s oneness amidst diversity. It hardly requires judicial
promotion. The singing of the national anthem on special occasions, especially in schools and
colleges, is sufficient to help citizens identify the anthem with something larger than their daily
concerns. There are clear rules on when the anthem should be played. Any misuse of the anthem
or any willful insult to it is legally prohibited, and those aggrieved (असंतुष्ट/व्यभित) by any such
incident can take recourse to the law. Beyond this, in a mature democracy such as India, there
really is no need to make the playing or the singing of the anthem mandatory (आवश्यक/ज़रूरी)
through a judicial order.
It is not clear why cinema halls were singled out for special treatment by the Supreme Court. The
only possible explanation is that they were required to play the national anthem some decades ago,
a practice that has been largely given up. But if the logic for playing the national anthem at places
where a sizeable number of people congregate (एकभित होना) is taken to its logical conclusion, they
should be extended, for example, to dance and music recitals as well. To take this line of reasoning
even further, why not to every sitting of the legislature, or the court itself? Playing the national
anthem in theatres at the end of the film was given up some three decades ago in most parts of the
country, largely as a result of the tendency of a section of the audience to walk out. To reintroduce
it now gives the impression that cinemas should forever be the main sites for the demonstration of
patriotism. Matters such as commercial exploitation (र्ोषण/दोहन) and dramatization of the anthem
cannot be the subject of blanket interim orders in a public interest petition (याभचका/प्रािशना पि). The
appeal to a sense of ‘constitutional patriotism’ is also intriguing (पहेलीनुमा), as the only reasonable
interpretation of the term is that of having allegiance (भनष्ठा/ वफादारी) to the values underlying the
Constitution. This is not something that can be enforced by judicial diktat (फरमान), or by making
cinema halls the playground for a misplaced sense of patriotism.
(Courtesy: The Hindu)
1. Dissenter (noun): A person who dissents from some established policy (भिन्नमतावलम्बी/जो प्रचभलत
मत के भवरुद्ध हो)
 Synonyms: Skeptic, Protester, Separatist, Rebel, Nonconformist
 Antonyms: Follower, Obedient.
Example: The union is going to dissent with management’s offer of a small pay increase.
Verb Forms: Dissent, Dissented, Dissented.
Related words:
 Dissent (verb) - मतभेद या असहमतत होना
2. Exhibition (noun): A display or demonstration of something particularly of a skill. (प्रदर्शन)
 Synonyms: Display, Show, Showing, Presentation, Demonstration, Showcase, Mounting.
 Antonyms: Concealment, Cover, Hiding.
Example: An exhibition of works by Leonardo da Vinci drew thousands of visitors to the
museum.
Verb Forms: Exhibit, Exhibited, Exhibited.
Related words:
 Exhibit (verb) - प्रदर्शन करना/ दर्ाशना
3. Lofty (adjective): Having or displaying great dignity or nobility/elevated in nature or style.
(उत्कृष्ट/उद्धत/ ऊंचा)
 Synonyms: Eminent, Gallant, Majestic, Proud, Elevated, Exalted, Grand, Noble.
 Antonyms: Low, Normal, Wretch, Contemptible.
Example: The football players have set a lofty goal in their bid to win all their home games this
year.
Related words:
 Loftily (adverb) - गौरवर्ाली ढंग से

Loftiness (noun) – बुलंदी
4. Aggrieved (adjective): Feeling resentment at having been unfairly treated. (असतं ुष्ट होना /व्यभित
होना)
 Synonyms: Resentful, Affronted, Indignant, Discontented, Angry, Distressed, Unhappy.
 Antonyms: Comforted, Happy, Pleased, Contented, Satisfied.
Example: Many people who are non visionary can be seen aggrieved over Demonetization move
of the government.
Verb Forms: Aggrieve, Aggrieved, Aggrieved.
Related words:
 Aggrieve (verb) – सताना
5. Congregate (verb): Gather into a crowd or mass. (एकभित होना)
 Synonyms: Gather, Assemble, Mass, Meet, Congress.
 Antonyms: Disperse, Divide, Scatter, Separate, Spread.
Example: Will your whole family congregate at your grandfather’s house during the holidays?
Verb Forms: Congregate, Congregated, Congregated.
Related words:
 Congregation (verb) - जन समहू
6. Exploitation (noun): The action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from
their work. (र्ोषण/दोहन)

Synonyms: Taking Advantage, Making Use, Abuse of, Misuse, Ill treatment, Unfair
treatment.
 Antonyms: Fair Treat.
Example: We joined a union to end exploitation at the hands of the company owners.
Verb Forms: Exploit, Exploited, Exploited.
Related words:
 Exploit(verb) – र्ोषण करना
7. Petition (noun): A formal written request, typically one signed by many people, appealing to
authority in respect of a particular cause. (याभचका/प्रािशना पि)

Synonyms: Appeal, Round Robin, Application, Prayer, Request, Suit, Entreaty,
Imprecation, Invocation.
Example: A nonviolent way to protest a law is by signing a petition requesting the annulment of
the law.
Related words:
 Petitioner (noun) - प्रार्थी
8. Intriguing (adjective): Arousing curiosity or interest; fascinating. (पहेलीनुमा)
 Synonyms: Tempt, Tantalize, Curious, Attentive.
 Antonyms: Boring, Unexciting, Un-Stimulating.
Example: The store’s intriguing ad made me want to look at the boutique’s offerings.
Verb Forms: Intrigue, Intrigued, Intrigued.
Related words:
 Intrigue (verb) - सातिर् करना
9. Allegiance (noun): Loyalty or commitment to a superior or to a group or cause. (भनष्ठा/ वफादारी)


Synonyms: Loyalty, Faithfulness, Fidelity, Obedience, Fealty, Adherence, Devotion.
Antonyms: Apathy, Dishonor, Disloyalty, Disobedience, Faithlessness, Treachery,
Enmity.
Example: We took an oath of allegiance upon entering the military, and none of us plan on
violating it.
10. Diktat (noun): An order or decree imposed by someone in power without popular consent.
(फरमान)
 Synonyms: Decree, Order, Ukase, Behest.
 Antonyms: Ignorance.
Example: The company president issued a diktat that employees may not wear jeans to work.
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