Fission decay of N = Z nuclei at high angular momentum: 60Zn

Fission decay of N = Z nuclei at high angular
momentum: 60Zn
W. Von Oertzen, V. Zherebchevsky, B. Gebauer, C. Schulz, S. Thummerer, D.
Kamanin, G. Royer, T. Wilpert
To cite this version:
W. Von Oertzen, V. Zherebchevsky, B. Gebauer, C. Schulz, S. Thummerer, et al.. Fission decay
of N = Z nuclei at high angular momentum: 60 Zn. Physical Review C, American Physical
Society, 2008, 78, pp.044615. .
HAL Id: in2p3-00335085
http://hal.in2p3.fr/in2p3-00335085
Submitted on 2 Nov 2008
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1600
1600
1600
1600
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1200
1200
1200
1200
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1000
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1000
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800
800
800
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