Chapter 1
Matter and Change
Table of Contents
Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science
!
Section 2 Matter and Its Properties
!
Section 3 Elements
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Chapter 1
Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical
Science
Objectives
• Define chemistry.
!
• List examples of the branches of chemistry.
!
• Compare and contrast basic research, applied
research, and technological development.
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Chapter 1
Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical
Science
Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure,
and properties of matter, the processes that matter
undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany
these processes.
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1.1
Chemistry
>
What Is Chemistry?
Because living and nonliving things are
made of matter, chemistry affects all
aspects of life and most natural events
What are three general reasons to
study chemistry?
Chemistry can be useful in explaining the
natural world, preparing people for career
opportunities, and producing informed citizens.
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Chemistry
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1.1
Chemistry
> Branches of Chemistry
1. Organic chemistry is
defined as the study of
all chemicals containing
carbon.
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1.1
Chemistry
> Branches of Chemistry
2. Inorganic chemistry—the study of non-organic substances,
many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals
(organometallics)
Inorganic chemistry is
the study of chemicals
that, in general, do not
contain carbon.
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1.1
Chemistry
>
Areas of Study
3. Physical
chemistry - the
study of the
properties and
changes of matter
and their relation to
energy
Physical chemistry is
the area that deals with
the mechanism, the
rate, and the energy
transfer that occurs
when matter undergoes
a change.
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1.1
Chemistry
>
Areas of Study
4. Analytical chemistry
—the identification of
the components and
composition of
materials
Analytical chemistry
is the area of study
that focuses on the
composition of matter.
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1.1
Chemistry
>
Areas of Study
5. Biochemistry—the study of
substances and processes
occurring in living things.
The 4 most common elements in
living organisms are C, H, O, N.
The study of processes that
take place in organisms is
biochemistry.
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Chapter 1
Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical
Science
Branches of Chemistry
!
!
6. Theoretical chemistry—the use of mathematics and
computers to understand the principles behind
observed chemical behavior and to design and
predict the properties of new compounds
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Chapter 1
Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical
Science
Branches of Chemistry
•
A chemical is any substance that has a definite
composition.
!
• sucrose, C12H22O11
• water, H2O
• carbon dioxide, CO2
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Chemical
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1.1
Chemistry
>
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Pure and Applied Chemistry
How are pure and applied chemistry
related?
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Chapter 1
Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical
Science
Branches of Chemistry
• Basic Research (or PURE science) is carried out for
the sake of increasing knowledge.
!
• how and why a specific reaction occurs
• what the properties of a substance are
• the discovery of Teflon™
!
• Applied Research is generally carried out to solve a
problem.
• development of new refrigerants
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1.1
Chemistry
>
Pure and Applied Chemistry
!
Pure chemistry is the pursuit of chemical
knowledge for its own sake.
Applied chemistry is research that is directed
toward a practical goal or application.
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1.1
Chemistry
>
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Pure research can lead directly to an
application, but an application can exist
before research is done to explain how
it works.
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1.1
Chemistry
>
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Nylon
In the early 1930’s, Wallace
Carothers produced nylon
while researching cotton and
silk.
A team of scientists and
engineers applied Carothers’s
research to the commercial
production of nylon.
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1.1
Chemistry
>
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Aspirin
Long before researchers figured out how aspirin
works, people used it to relieve pain, and
doctors prescribed it for patients who were at
risk for a heart attack.
In 1971, it was discovered that aspirin can block
the production of a group of chemicals that
cause pain and lead to the formation of blood
clots. This is an example of pure research.
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Chapter 1
Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical
Science
Branches of Chemistry
• Technological Development typically involves the
production and use of products that improve our
quality of life.
• computers
• catalytic converters in cars
• biodegradable materials
!
• Basic research, applied research, and technological
development often overlap
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1.1
Chemistry
>
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Technology
Technology is the means by which a society
provides its members with those things needed
and desired.
• Technology allows humans to do some
things more quickly or with less effort.
!
• There are debates about the risks and
benefits of technology.
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Chapter 1
Visual Concepts
Types of Research
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Chapter 1
Section 1 Chemistry Is a Physical
Science
Top Eight Chemicals Made in the United States
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1.1
Chemistry
>
Why Study Chemistry?
Being an Informed Citizen
Knowledge of chemistry
and other sciences can
help you evaluate the data
presented, arrive at an
informed opinion, and take
appropriate action.
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1.1 Section Quiz.
Assess students’ understanding of
the concepts in Section
1.1.
Continue to:
-or-
Launch:
Section Quiz
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1.1 Section Quiz.
1. Which of these traditional areas of study
mostly involve compounds containing carbon?
(1) organic chemistry
(2) inorganic chemistry
(3) biochemistry
a. (1) and (2)
b. (1) and (3)
c. (2) and (3)
d. (1), (2), and (3)
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1.1 Section Quiz.
2. Which phrase best describes applied
chemistry?
a. the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake
b. research that answers a general question
c. addresses fundamental aspects of a
question
d. research directed toward a practical goal
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online SELF-CHECK QUIZ FOR SECT. 1.1
TAKE THE FOLLOWING QUIZ. Record your
answers. Ask questions for any answer that
you do not understand.
CLICK BELOW TO TAKE THE QUIZ. YOU MUST
BE IN THE PLAY MODE OF THE SLIDE
SHOW.
For Practice:
QUIZ SECTION 1.1 MODERN CHEMISTRY HOLT
For Grade: CLASS QUIZ QUIZ SECTION 1.1 - Chem 1.1 Quiz!
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VIDEOS FOR ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTION
Modern Chemistry - Holt Chapter 1 Matter & Change videoclips - 13 ch. clips!
Section 1.1 (1 clip) Chemistry - Definition - 5 types of chemistry out of 6 - organic,
inorganic, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry explained
briefly!
Click below to watch videoclip.!
http://www.brightstorm.com/science/chemistry/introduction-to-chemistry/chemistrydefinition/!
!
What is chemistry? - and 5 of the 6 branches described briefly - 1:58 minutes!
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