Directions: Find the sentence unrelated to the others in the paragraph
1.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Bertrand Russell, for one, thought he was saying the obvious when he declared that “politics is concerned with
herds rather than with individuals.”
Ambitious writers and thinkers of the last half a century have come to write about politics, often mixing public
and private to a degree that suggests that the old distinctions are no longer fully compelling.
Others note that politics always entails a struggle for power, often involving parties, or movements, whose
reasons for being are cast in ideological terms.
Yet others contend that politics inevitably requires actors who believe that their actions have some prospect of
success, or who operate from a conviction that the established reality in their society is intolerable and must
therefore be opposed, whatever the costs.
(1) A
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
B.
C.
D.
(3) C
(4) D
Too much of the structure of reimbursement and care depends upon the fiction of clear-cut, biologically
distinct diseases.
The confident hope that new-generation antidepressants would cure depression—those new miracle drugs
such as Prozac and Zoloft that made people thinner, sharper, and “better than well—dimmed when the public
learned that teenagers committed suicide more often while taking them.
No simple genetic cause for depression has emerged.
There is clearly social causation in the disorder, and it too looks different in different cultures, shaped by
particular causes, social settings, and methods of treatment.
(1) A
3.
A.
(2) B
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
It’s hard to think of another time when there has been such a gulf between intellectuals and activists; between
theorists of revolution and its practitioners.
Writers who for years have been publishing essays that sound like position papers for vast social movements
that do not in fact exist seem seized with confusion or worse, dismissive contempt, now that real ones are
everywhere emerging.
This may be the result of sheer ignorance, or of relying on what might be gleaned from overtly hostile sources;
then again, most of what’s written even in progressive outlets seems largely to miss the point—or at least,
rarely focuses on what participants in the movement really think is most important about it.
The very notion of direct action, with its rejection of a politics, which appeals to governments to modify their
behaviour, in favour of physical intervention against state power in a form that itself prefigures an
alternative—all of this emerges directly from the libertarian tradition.
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
1
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Why is it that, even when there is next to no other constituency for revolutionary politics in a capitalist society,
the one group most likely to be sympathetic to its project consists of artists, musicians, writers, and others
involved in some form of non-alienated production?
Creating a culture of democracy among people who have little experience of such things is necessarily a
painful and uneven business, full of all sorts of stumblings and false starts, but direct democracy of this sort can
be astoundingly effective.
Surely there must be a link between the actual experience of first imagining things and then bringing them
into being, individually or collectively, and the ability to envision social alternatives—particularly, the
possibility of a society itself premised on less alienated forms of creativity?
One might even suggest that revolutionary coalitions always tend to rely on a kind of alliance between a
society’s least alienated and its most oppressed; actual revolutions, one could then say, have tended to
happen when these two categories most broadly overlap.
(1) A
5.
A.
B.
C.
D.
B.
C.
D.
(3) C
(4) D
Acting in a media-rich environment and a bedroom culture, the Net-generation or digital natives express
different values, attitudes, and behaviors than previous generations. These digital natives are described as
optimistic, team-oriented achievers who are talented with technology.
According to this view, they think and process information differently from their predecessors, are active in
experimentation, are dependent on information technologies for searching for information and
communicating with others, and are eager to acquire skills needed to develop creative multimedia
presentations and to become multimedia producers and not merely consumers.
Technology itself exercises causal influence on social practices, and technological change induces changes in
social organization and culture regardless of the social desirability of the change.
Simply put, the argument is that the internet has created a new generation of young people who possess
sophisticated knowledge and skills with information technologies, express values that support learning by
experience and the creation of a culture in a digital space, and have particular learning and social preferences.
(1) A
6.
A.
(2) B
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
For the better part of the twentieth century, people had a pretty good idea of what it meant to be an adult and
saw this as something worth pursuing.
Steady employment, marriage, and home ownership were some of the outward markings of adulthood;
responsibility, commitment, loyalty, and hard work were the inward virtues that made these possible.
There is no likelihood of going back to such ideals, but it isn’t clear where our notions of masculinity and
femininity are going either.
It was not something one fell into but something that one aspired to and not to mature into adulthood in
these ways was a matter of some shame.
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
7.
A.
B.
C.
D.
We have a big advantage—we live in a democracy—but it’s a democracy that has increasingly not reflected
the interests of large fractions of the population.
The spectacular profits of the energy industry rely heavily on the failure of regulation to incorporate fully the
social and economic costs associated with environmental degradation, including climate change.
Similarly, the increasingly aggressive activities of Wall Street—whether in the marketing of unsound
mortgages, the use of excessive leverage, or the irresponsible use of derivatives—create huge risks for the
economy as a whole.
Yet these risks are largely not taken into account in the prices paid in financial markets; without effective
regulation, the costs are borne by all of us—most acutely by the struggling millions who have been pushed
out of jobs.
(1) A
8.
A.
B.
C.
D.
B.
C.
D.
(3) C
(4) D
Hacking can, and often does, improve products since it exposes vulnerabilities, supplies innovations, and
demonstrates both what is possible and what consumers want.
Still hacking has a dark side, one that has eclipsed its playful, sporty, creative side, especially in the popular
imagination, and with good reason.
Hacking has become the preferred tool for a certain kind of thief, one who lifts money from electronic bank
accounts and sells personal information, particularly as it relates to credit cards and passwords, in a thriving
international Internet underground.
It is now well documented that corporations and other institutions are reluctant to admit losses or
acknowledge security breaches out of fear of alienating customers, seeing stock prices plummet, or
encouraging lawsuits from those affected.
(1) A
9.
A.
(2) B
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
The dazzling real achievements of brain research are routinely pressed into service for questions they were
never designed to answer.
In general, the “neural” explanation has become a gold standard of non-fiction exegesis, adding its own brand
of computer-assisted lab-coat bling to a whole new industry of intellectual quackery that affects to elucidate
even complex socio-cultural phenomena. Mastering one’s own brain is also the key to survival in a dog-eatdog corporate world.
Mastering one’s own brain is also the key to survival in a dog-eat-dog corporate world.
Happily, a new branch of the neuroscience-explains-everything genre may be created at any time by the
simple expedient of adding the prefix “neuro” to whatever you are talking about.
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
10.
A. There is a reciprocity between poets who think differently about language and form and the role they play in
the continually unfolding situation for poetry.
B. If poetries are always already ideological, it doesn’t follow that the ideologies of any body of writing, or any
way of writing, is fixed.
C. But no writing is ideological before the fact of its being read and there is no human writing, writing as such,
that goes unread (it may be read, for example, only by its author).
D. Ideology is therefore contingent upon interpretation, and thus is itself an open sign.
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
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