The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
ISSN 2307-8235 (online)
IUCN 2008: T165171A5985848
Fritillaria epirotica
Assessment by: Kamari, G. & Phitos, D.
View on www.iucnredlist.org
Citation: Kamari, G. & Phitos, D. 2013. Fritillaria epirotica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2013: e.T165171A5985848. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T165171A5985848.en
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THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™
Taxonomy
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Liliales
Liliaceae
Taxon Name: Fritillaria epirotica Turrill ex Rix
Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria:
Endangered C2a(i) ver 3.1
Year Published:
2013
Date Assessed:
March 23, 2011
Justification:
Fritillaria epirotica is assessed as Endangered due to its low number of mature individuals (less than
1,000 are known), and each subpopulation is thought to have less than 100 mature individuals. The
threat of grazing across its total range of 1,000 km² is causing a decline, and will continue to do so,
despite some of the species range being within a protected area.
Geographic Range
Range Description:
This species is endemic to Greece (Euro+Med Plantbase 2006-2010). It has been reported to be present
in Katara Pass, Metsovon, Milea, Smolikas (summit area, Vouzion, west of Samarina) and Bouchetsi, in
the northern part of the Pindhos mountain range (Kamari 1991). F. epirotica has an extent of
occurrence estimated to be 1,000 km².
Country Occurrence:
Native: Greece (Greece (mainland))
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Fritillaria epirotica – published in 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T165171A5985848.en
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Distribution Map
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Fritillaria epirotica – published in 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T165171A5985848.en
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Population
Total number of mature individuals is estimated to be less than 1,000. Subpopulations are scattered and
small, nearly all of them must be smaller than 100 individuals.
Current Population Trend: Unknown
Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)
The species can be found on mobile screes and rocky places on serpentine, usually at high altitudes
between 1,600 and 2,600 m, and occasionally in openings of Pinus or Quercus forest down to 1,050 m. It
flowers in May and June.
Systems: Terrestrial
Use and Trade
No information available regarding use and trade of F. epirotica.
Threats (see Appendix for additional information)
The main threat for the plant throughout its distribution area is overgrazing which causes population
decline. Flower stalks are consumed and seed set is very limited at all locations except from Katara Pass
where sheep and goat herds are moved after the completion of fruiting at the end of May.
Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)
This species is listed under Appendix I of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and
Natural Habitats (Bern Convention) and protected in Greece by the Presidential Decree 67/81. Part of
the population of the plant is included in the sites GR2130002 and GR2130006 and it is included in the
Red Data Book as Endangered (Kamari and Phitos in: Phitos et al. 2009).
Attempted cultivation at the Botanical Garden of the University of Patras was not successful.
Credits
Assessor(s):
Kamari, G. & Phitos, D.
Reviewer(s):
Bazos, I., Delipetrou, P. & Bilz, M.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Fritillaria epirotica – published in 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T165171A5985848.en
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Bibliography
Euro+Med Plantbase. 2006-2010. Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for EuroMediterranean plant diversity. Berlin Available at: http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/.
IUCN. 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2011.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org.
(Accessed: 16 June 2011).
Kamari, G. 1991. The genus Fritillaria in Greece: Taxonomy and Karyology. Botanika Chronika 10: 253270.
Phitos, D., Constantinidis, T. and Kamari, G. (eds). 2009. The Red Data Book of Rare and Threatened
Plants of Greece. Volume One (A-D). Hellenic Botanical Society, Patras.
Citation
Kamari, G. & Phitos, D. 2013. Fritillaria epirotica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013:
e.T165171A5985848. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T165171A5985848.en
Disclaimer
To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.
External Resources
For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Fritillaria epirotica – published in 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T165171A5985848.en
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Appendix
Habitats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Habitat
Season
Suitability
Major
Importance?
1. Forest -> 1.4. Forest - Temperate
-
Suitable
-
0. Root -> 6. Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)
-
Suitable
-
Threats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Threat
Timing
Scope
Severity
Impact Score
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.3. Livestock farming
& ranching -> 2.3.2. Small-holder grazing, ranching or
farming
-
-
-
-
Stresses:
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality
2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance
Conservation Actions in Place
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Conservation Actions in Place
In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management
Occur in at least one PA: Yes
Research Needed
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Research Needed
1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends
Additional Data Fields
Distribution
Estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) (km²): 1000
Lower elevation limit (m): 1050
Upper elevation limit (m): 2600
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Fritillaria epirotica – published in 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T165171A5985848.en
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Population
Number of mature individuals: 1000
Continuing decline of mature individuals: Yes
Population severely fragmented: No
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Fritillaria epirotica – published in 2013.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T165171A5985848.en
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The IUCN Red List Partnership
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species
Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN
Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation
International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas
A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London.
THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™