Name:______________________________________ Date:____________________________________
Ch 8 Solutions, Acids and Bases Study Guide Answers
1. What is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances?
Solution
2. For a solution to form, what must one substance do in another?
Solute must dissolve in solvent
3. What is the maximum amount of a solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a constant temperature?
Solubility
4. How are solutions classified?
Based on how much solute is present…Saturated Solution, Supersaturated Solution, Unsaturated Solution
5. What is concentration of a solution?
The amount of solute dissolved in specified amount of solution
6. Acids turn blue litmus paper RED.
7. Bases are proton ACCEPTORS.
8. What are the products of a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base?
Salt and Water
9. What is a buffer?
Solution that is resistant to large changes in pH
10. What is the pH value of an acid? a base? a neutral substance?
Acid=0-6 Neutral=7 Base=8-14
11. Solutions with a low H3O+ concentration have a HIGH pH value.
12. Sugar is MORE soluble than salt.
13. What will happen if more solute is added to a saturated solution?
The solute will not dissolve and the solution will become supersaturated.
14. A factor(s) that affects the rate at which a substance dissolves is
Surface area, Stirring, Temperature
15. Sugar dissolves in water by which process?
Dispersion
Name:______________________________________ Date:____________________________________
Ch 8 Solutions, Acids and Bases Study Guide Answers
16. For a solution to form, one substance must dissolve in another. For this to happen, the solute and solvent particles
must ATTRACT ONE ANOTHER.
17. During the formation of a solution, energy is ABSORBED & RELEASED.
18. The solubility of solids increases as the temperature of the solvent INCREASES.
19. A compound that produces hydronium ions (H3O+) when dissolved in water is a(n) ACID.
20. Please list and describe the three ways that substances dissolve in water.
Dissociation=ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves, salt, physical change
Dispersion=particles dissolve by breaking apart and scattering throughout the water, sugar, physical change
Ionization=neutral molecules gain or lose electrons, chemical change
21. What are the differences between saturated, unsaturated and supersaturated solutions?
Saturated=all of the solute has dissolved in the solvent
Unsaturated=solution has more solvent than solute, if more solute is added it will dissolve
Supersaturated=solution has more solute than solvent, solute that does not dissolve settles on the bottom of
the container
22. What are the properties of an acid?
Produces hydronium ions, sour taste, reacts with metals, turns litmus paper red, proton donor
23. What are the properties of a base?
Produces hydroxide ions, bitter taste, slippery feel, turns litmus paper blue, proton acceptor
24. What are the three factors that affect solubility?
Polarity of the solvent, temperature, pressure
Graphing Solubility Questions
25. What does solubility vary with?
Temperature
26. What is a solubility graph?
Shows the dependence of solubility on temperature
27. What variable is on the x-axis of a solubility graph? TEMPERATURE IN CELCIUS (˚C)
28. What variable is on the y-axis of a solubility graph? SOLUBILITY (g per 100 g Water)
Name:______________________________________ Date:____________________________________
Ch 8 Solutions, Acids and Bases Study Guide Answers
Directions: Use the graph to answer the following questions. REMEMBER UNITS!
29. What mass of solute will dissolve in 100g of water at the following temperatures?
a. KNO3 at 70°C = 130g
b. NaCl at 100°C= 40g
c. NH4Cl at 20°C= 39g
d. Which of the above three substances is most soluble in water at 15°C. = NaCl
30. At what temperature will the following grams of solute dissolve in 100g of water?
a. 29g of KCl = 0˚C
b. 80g of KNO3 = 50˚C
c. 10g of Ce2(SO4)3 = 25˚C
d. 150g of NaNO3 = 85˚C
31. a. At 90C, you dissolved 10 g of KCl in 100g of water. Is this solution saturated or unsaturated? Unsaturated
b. How do you know? When you plot 10g and 90˚C the point falls below the KCl line.
32. A mass of 100 g of NaNO3 is dissolved in 100 g of water at 80ºC.
a) Is the solution saturated or unsaturated? Unsaturated
33. Use the graph to answer the following questions:
a. Which compound is most soluble at 20˚C? KI b. Which is the least soluble at 40˚C? Ce2(SO4)3
c. Which substance on the graph is least soluble at 10C? KClO3
34. What type of solution forms, saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated, when 90g of NH4Cl dissolves in 100g H2O at 90˚C?
35. What type of solution forms, saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated, when 20g of NH3 dissolves in 100g H2O at 40˚C?