Newspaper indexing:
an international overview
Nazir Ahmad
Comprehensiveness and consistency in newspaper indexing depend on the effectiveness of subjectanalysis of the news items. What indexing skills are required in order to identify indexable concepts? This
article describes practical aspects of conceptual analysis, crystalizes criteria and methods for the indexing
of news stories, and eludicates reasons for providing multiple subject-entries for certain news items. It
suggests rules for news analysis and speedy and accurate allocation of subject headings, and illustrates
the technique of dealing with complex and diversified news headings reported at intervals. As the
headlines do not always indicate the real subject of a news story, the identification of indexable concepts
can become arduous and cumbersome. The article discusses the methods, skills and capability needed to
tackle such problems.
News analysis and indexing is an intellectual exercise
needing creativity, imagination, general knowledge of
national and international affairs, interest and awareness
of potential needs of researchers, and the capability to
understand, comprehend, evaluate and formulate des
criptors. The indexer must scan almost all news stories,
analyse the contents and allocate appropriate descriptors
to represent the concepts, with an unbiased approach to
subject analysis and descriptor allocation to avoid overindexing of irrelevant and marginal research-value news
stories.
If using a news thesaurus or controlled vocabulary
system, indexers should maintain consistency in the
allocation of descriptors. If no such thesaurus is avail
able, they should avoid indexing news items under
each is given a number of news stories related to their list
of subjects. For instance, the New York Times index of
1958
had
the
following
areas
in
the
programme:
academic freedom, area studies, atomic energy, culture,
colleges, displaced persons, education, foundations,
freedom, Great Britain, language, minorities, negroes,
professions, religious education, research, scholarships,
social sciences, vocational training.1 The three indexers
of The Scotsman Index are assigned their different subject
areas: politics, domestic and foreign; general domestic
news; business and industrial news.2
Strict news classification is impracticable—conceptional overlap is bound to arise, and limits on descriptors
have to be imposed. Rothman believes a news item about
a presidential press conference may have two dozen
broader descriptors. For efficiency, all headings should
be the smallest possible units of reference.
entries—forty would not be unusual.3 The Scotsman
Index permits up to five subject headings for each news
Newspaper indexing practices, however, vary con
siderably. The San Francisco Chronicle Index uses for
subjects both general and specific headings. The
Canadian News Index, covering seven major newspapers,
has a subject index with both general and specific head
ings; entries are made under the geographic names of
provinces, cities and countries, corporate names of busi
ness, national organizations and government agencies.
item. The Glasgow Herald indexing rules specify a maxi
mum of three entries per item—a rule of thumb widely
followed in indexing.4 Knee assigns as many headings as
are needed but feels one or two are usually sufficient.5
The Guardian Index provides at least three access points.6
Newspaper indexing entails reading the news skilfully
and quickly while selecting indexable concepts. The
indexers' primary duty is to make the contents of news
waste material with references from bottles and re
cycling. Toase claims that it is not a superior index; he
found many items that had not been indexed, such as the
assassination of the Swedish prime minister, a lead story
on 1 March 1986.7
accessible
by
subject-approach
indexing.
They must
bring together related news stories through the assign
ment of suitable descriptors, omitting superficially
related items. Indexes are more compatible if compiled
by one person, but because of the amount of work
involved, often teams of indexers are deployed to cover a
number of newspapers. Inconsistencies might be
minimized if indexers experienced in conceptual analysis
made consistent use of news thesauri. Where a team of
indexers performs the task of subject allocation, often
The Indexer Vol. 17 No. 4 October 1991
The subject headings used for indexing The Guardian
are taken from the New York Times Thesaurus. A piece
on glass recycling appears under containers, glass and
The Canada News Index does not restrict the number
of entries for each news item.8 A news article about the
Montreal dock strike might appear under these nine
headings:
CANADA: LABOUR
CANADA: SHIPPING
QUEBEC: LABOUR
257
NEWSPAPER INDEXING
QUEBEC: SHIPPING
DTDZX TO u THX TIMEStt
MONTREAL: PORT
CANADIAN SHIPPERS ASSOCIATION
INTERNATIONAL LONGSHORES ASSOCIATION
Mar. 31, 1888-1
LABOUR MINISTER NICHOLSON
PROVINCIAL MINISTER LEVESQUE.
Amorica ("continued).
— Miscellaneous News, 5/5 a—17 /5 /"—30
/ 8<t
The AIRS: Index to the Daily Gleaner of Jamaica is
computer-produced and usually assigns no more than
five subject headings, but occasionally as many as ten.9
The index to the Scottish Stirling Observer gives full
coverage to local news items. Mary Lawson's marriage
to James Smith, a writer from Dundee, is given these four
index entries:
—— New Cabinet, 21 m G b—23 m 6 s
-.
Officers for the German Nary, 19 / 7 •
%— Opinion of England. 14 /n 8 /
Postal Treaty with England, 23 / 5 a
— President Taylor's Inaugural Message, 21
m 6 b
c
Presidents of the {Jnited States, 2j 4 d
—— Repudiation—the Earth ludignanc Floods
the Land with Gold to Shamo them. 19 / 5 e
— Taylor (General; on the Slavery Question.
23 j 5 6
smith, James: Writer, Dundee
Andrew (W. P.) Le.terand Correspondence with,
—Mr. Aglionby on his Reference to Sir John
Campbell, 26 / 6 d
Annus Mirabilis—1848. from theExamimr, \ i 8/
Antiquarian Discovery in Lexden Rosa. 20 « '1 j
Antique Jars, Discovery of, in the Stqur Valley
Hallway, 10/2 6
Anti-Friction Wheels for Railway Carriages. 28
The index to The Times newspaper was started by
Samuel Palmer as a commercial proposition. He issued
the first volume in 1868, covering the period OctoberDecember 1867.10 In 1891 he began retrospective index
ing of back issues of the newspaper to 1785. He appears
to have made one index entry per news item and crossreferences are almost non-existent (see figure 1). Despite
numerous drawbacks, Palmer's index was considered
valuable and useful. Currently The Times Index is a most
comprehensive research tool, giving name, place and
multiple subject entries.
The difference between the New York Times Index
(figure 2) and The Times Index is that if, for instance, a
news item about a programme to replace and rebuild
London Bridge were published, the NYTI would index it
under bridges with a subheading, Thames river cross
ing, whereas The Times Index would enter it under
LONDON BRIDGE—REBUILDING PLANS.
An example from the annual volume of the Saudi
Gazette Index shows the need for multiple entries. On 25
January 1987 an Eye Surgery Symposium was opened by
Prince Saud Bin Abdul Mohsen in Jeddah. The heading
of the report published the next day was lEye surgery
symposium opens'. The standard descriptors from Saudi
Gazette News Thesaurus are eye diseases, surgery, con
ferences & symposiums. The news is indexed as:
SAUDI ARABIA: EYE DISEASES
SAUDI ARABIA: SURGERY
SAUDI ARABIA: CONFERENCES & SYMPOSIUMS
SAUD BIN ABDUL MOHSEN (PRINCE)
SAUDI ARABIA.' OPHTHALMOLOGY See EYE DISEASES
Further entries may be made under the speakers, all
distinguished ophthalmologists.
258
^
American Panorama, 15 m S 6
Ancient Concerts, 16 m 6 /"
Anderson (John) Caution to Police Officers on
the Wording of Kew^rd Notice. 12 / 6 f
lawson, Mary, Stirling
smith, Mary (wife of James)
smith, Mrs James (nee Mary Lawson)
all followed by—
Marriage, at Dundee
1845 Thu 23/4; la.
J 7e
Antiquarian
Discorery
Maun, 10 rp d a
in
the Yalley of the
Apothecaries Hall, List of Past Examinations. 23
j a d—27j 4 «—5 / « a—27j 7/—& m 6. a—\2
m 3/—I'O m 8 e—26 m 8 e
Arbitration Instead of War, Meeting at MauT
cheater about. 16 m 8 6
ARCHES COURT:Uorham r. flp. of Exeter, 28 j T b— I / f e
— 19/ 7 d—'i m 7 a—5 m 1 p—7 m 7 ft—9 m 7
a—12 m 7 a—19/ 7 d
'.
Bp. of L.ncola v. Day, 19/ 7 d
Arctic Expeditions, 31 J i«—l5j 7 j—16/2 «
—'27J bf-lh m 8 d
Argyll (Duke of) and Bishop Trower, 16/4 e
Arundtl Society, Proposal to Establish a Society
to be Called. 24 f 5 e
Asylum for the Juvenile Poor, 10 m 2 /.
— for Idiots, first Anniversary Meeting at the
London Tavern, 29 m » c
—7- Invalid Gentlewomen. 5 f if
Auckland, the Present Baron being Bp. of Sodor
and Man will b« the first Bishop of that see
Sitting in the House of Peers, V\) i 6 d
AUSTRALIA: —
Agnpujtural Company, Annual Meeting,
27>3<x
— Explosion in the Middle Patriroft Colliery,
9 m 8 a
Australian Mining Cumpanies, su Mi^rao
i
*« also Ssw Sqdth Wales—tixw Z*x-
LAKD—VlCTOaiA—QOKENflLXHD, &C.
AUSTRIA :—
— Abolition of Punishment by Death, 6 /
r—— Alleged Atrocities at Vienna, I j $ f
17th Army Bulletin, 29 ; 6 d
— Bulletin's of the Army, 7/66
—— Carnival in. 26 / 6 d
—— Case of Baron Bayer, 3 /6 d
Figure 1. Palmer's index to The Times (London), 1888.
The Indexer Vol. 17 No. 4 October 1991
NEWSPAPER INDEXING
Friedman recommends three systems to govern the
number of entries."
1. Subject headings are used only when the proper
name mentioned in the story is created, destroyed or
radically altered. This would include theatres, hotels,
public buildings, newspapers, railroads, public utilities,
hospitals, specific industries.
2. Subject headings are made to correspond with every
name heading taken from a story. This treatment will
cause a great number of entries but each with a certain
value. It means each time an arrest is made, there is a
heading for the offence that caused it.
3. Subject headings are made only when the story or
article deals with the subject itself.
Rules for news analysis
There are no set criteria by which each news item can
be analysed in the same manner. Newspaper indexes do
have inconsistences.
Indexers
must:
understand
the
-AAARON. HENRY J. Sm (4m
United Statcs-Fmances-Badgcts and Budgeting.
Mr 12
ABA. Us* Bankers Assn, American (ABA)
ABBOTT, CHARlfS CONRAD (1BO-19I9). Sm
€lM
Archeology and Anthropology. Mr 12
ABBOTT, AM. Sm oho
Baseball, Mr 9
ABBOUO, A ROBERT. Sm «bo
Pfflfra &xu& Banking, Mr 14
ABC Us* American Broadcasting Cos Inc (ABC)
ABCTaUBVWONNEmORKOROto .
John R Shanlcy Jr a promoted to vice president of
daytime sales <S), Mr «JV.15:4
JABSAR.
ABDUUIABB/
. KAREEM. Sm obo
*,K
'
Basketball, Mr 1
ftfsw
EHCA.SM«lsa
Motion Pictures-Slaves of New York (Movie), Mr 12
ABORTION
State referendum in Michigan which cut off ail public
funds for abortion, except where woman's life is
endangered, Is being challenged in coon by IS-ycarold Detroit girl who was left pregnant after being .
gang-raped; American Civil liberties Union, which a
representing girl, notes she lives in public bousing with
her family, and cannot afford to pay for abortion;
calls law against public funding for abortions
unconstitutional (M), Mr 3,1.21:1
federal oppacls court rates orrttobortton
demonstrators awy b* fegnd Bobto for toovy daaooM
vnd«r rackstMring statute; case stems from
demonstrations at Northeast Women's Center in
Philadelphia; ACLU voices concern that proliferation
of civil racketeering suits poses threat to First
Amendment rights; abortion rights figures applaud
action holding opponents responsible for their
interference with rights of others (S), Mr 4.1.1:1
Controversy has erupted over question of whether
all materials used in classrooms m Brentwood, NY.
School District should be reviewed and approved by
school board; situation arose last November, when
Debbie Domone, director of pregnancy crisis center
that opposes abortion, was tracking rumors that
district was referring girts to abortion clinic without
informing their parents; resource book that she was
given is not viewed or approved by school board (M),
language
and
terminology of the newspaper; comprehend the overall
message conveyed in the news story; scan the news
headline as well as the first paragraph and pinpoint, such
as by underlining, the significant words which represent
the subject contents; browse through the whole news and
identify indexable concepts; interpret the words and
terms; analyse the words and concepts and translate
them into the indexing language; match the concepts and
words with the descriptors from a standard news
thesaurus; devise new descriptors if not found in the
news thesaurus; identify all the relevant personal names,
corporate names, etc. They must also earlier have
decided whether assigned indexing or derived indexing
would best suit the newspaper in hand. Assigned indexing
means that the indexer chooses descriptors to represent
concepts,12 whereas derived indexing involves use of the
actual words as descriptors, without modification. Con
cepts can be ideas, relationships between occurrences, or
identifiable objects or subjects: for instance, the word
fraud in indexing a bank embezzlement case, or cor
ruption in a taxman's bribery case.
Nancy Klein, comatose Long Island woman who
received abortion after bitter legal battle, will be move
to New Jersey rehabilitation center (S), Mr 9JI.I(h6
New United Nations plan to help China control its
population growth to provide early test of Bush
Administration attitude toward Beijing's forced
abortion and sterilization policies: United Nations
Fund for Population Activities will ask its governing
council to approve $57 million five-year plan to help
China promote family planning and develop modern
contraceptive industry; this will be first time United
States has been asked to approve new plan for China
since 198S, when Congress cut off all American
contributions to agency, objecting to compulsory
abortion and sterilization (M), Mr 12.1,10:1
ABRAHAM ft STRAUS. Sm also
Retail Stores and Trade, Mr 10
ABRAHAMSON, JOAN (DA). Sm olso
Illiteracy, Mr 7
ABRAMOVTTCH, RONA (PftOf). Sm alse
Down's Syndrome, Mr 7
ABRAMOWICZ, IDANNY. Sm oIk>
Football. Mr 10
ABRAMS, EUJOTT. Sm also
Nicaragua, Mr 2
ABRAMS. ROBOT (ATTY OCN). Sm also
New York State-Elections-Attorneys General.
Mr 11
ABRAMSON, EDWARD (ASSIMBIYMAN). Sm
also
Capital Punishment, Mr 13
ACADEMY OF ANCIENT MUSK (MUSIC
OROUP). Sm oho
Opera-Orlando (Opera), Mr 14
ACCIDENT INSURANCE. Sm also
Workmen's Compensation Insurance
AOCIOENTS AND SAFETY. Sm also
Airlines and Airplanes. Mr 1.2.4.5.6.9.10.11.12
Astronautics, Mr 2.6,13
Atomic Weapons, Mr 7
Automobiles, Mr II
Coma, Mr 1
Dishwashers and Dishwuhing. Mr IS
Electric Light and Power. Mr 2
Ferries, Mr 5
Beginning with the first issue of 1983, we have simplified the heading structure and
indexing vocabulary in ways that we believe will make the Index easier to use.
We have also taken this opportunity to rewrite and update the "How To Use" page at
the back of the Index. This would be a good time for all users, including experienced
ones, to re-read this brief general description of how the Index is constructed.
The major subject terma remain unaltered. The biggest change is the considerable
reduction In subheadings and sub-subheadings. These subheads, both subjects and
geographic names, are now simply being treated as independent terms to their normal
alphabetic order. As part of this change, dated cross-references are being made from
geographic headings for the first time.
One more thing. In the interests of consistency, the main news section is now being
designated as Section I. In the past, main news section articles were given no section
designation.
Mr 5,XX1,4:S
Danbury, Conn, police arrest 78 demonstrators for
blocking access to Medical Options Inc abortion clinic
(SI. Mr 6.11.4:6
Figure 2. The New York Times Index, 1989.
The Indexer Vol. 17 No. 4 October 1991
259
NEWSPAPER INDEXING
The conceptual analysis of news items is unrelated to
the indexing language since it requires an established
news thesaurus of standard descriptors which form part
of the indexing language. It is said, however, that using
textual words as descriptors, rather than employing a
predetermined thesaurus, gives newspaper indexing
language a dynamic quality, allowing it to assimilate new
terms as they appear in contemporary usage. A multiple
approach might be practical. For example—the opening
of the Saudi-Bahranian Causeway pointed to a new
approach, although closely related to roads and high
ways or motorways. In this case word-derivative index
ing, i.e. entry under causeway, would be most relevant
for the users.
Omissions and pitfalls
Stafford recorded that an Australian Index to The New
Morning Herald used a strikes and disputes descriptor
in 1975 but did not list articles on the major power strikes
in January of that year.13 Moreover, material listed under
sport in the 1974 volume did not include an article on
Australia winning a gold medal at the Commonwealth
Games or any cross-reference to the commonwealth
games (figure 3). In an index published by The Argus
(Australia), all the Christian religious denominations are
entered under churches: Anglican; churches: method-
ist, etc, but no reference is given to the proper title nor
from the heading religion. The Sydney Morning Herald
and Sunday Herald Index, which ceased publication in
1961, used countries as a main subject heading and listed
all the news titles under each country without giving any
subject or descriptors which represent the news. Some
entries are unnecessarily long and ambiguous, such as
that starting spectacular setting under social news
(figure 4).
Multiple subject entries
News headlines may tend to confuse the indexer, as in
the Causeway story published under the title king fahad
causeway. The same story appeared the next day under
fahad causeway, and the third time the headline read
saudi-bahranian causeway opens. A standard descrip
tor, causeway, would be ideal, provided sufficient crossreferences are recorded in the index to cater for a wide
variety of user approaches and to direct the researcher
from an unused to the used heading. Thus:
ROADS AND HIGHWAYS See also CAUSEWAY
(Con't.)
17.11:2
Alleged Discovery-of Gold N»ar Singleton
2H.1112
Loral Manufacture of Cigars
INDUSTRIES- Gas
Advantages of Gas
50.12:2
in Private Houses 22.4:5;
■29.4:5
Newcastle Gas and Coke Company
13.5:3
Advantages of Gas in Private Houses
27.5:4;
3.6:5
Lighting the Streets - Hamilton
Gas! Gas!
17.6:3
27.7:2
Newcastle Gas Company
11.8:2
Ga<* - Lambton
3.10:2
Gas! Gas!
For the District
Gas
2U10:4
Notice to Gas Users
A.A. Co's. Gas Rates
16.10:3
28.10:4
20.12:2
LAKE MACQUARIE
The Entrance to Lake Macquar.ie
6.4:2
Official Visit to Lake Macquarie
7.4:2
Pope, Hardie & Co's. Estate at New Wallsend
10.4:3
Dora Creek Bridge
18.4:2
Lake Macquarie Entrance
5.6:2
Fish Supply
29.6:2
Lake Macquarie Timber
1.7:2; 7.7:3
Wreck of Village Maid
13.9:2
Loss of Ketch Sea Gull and All
A Wedding at Lake Macquarie
Lake Macquarie Timber
Hands
13.10=2
Moorings for Lake Macquarie Traders
Lake Macquarie Timber Trade
Charlestown
18.10:2
30.10:2
3.11:2
Stranding - Ketch Contest - Lake Macquarie
16.11:2
Colonial Wine License
LIBRARIES
Mechanics'
21.12:2
Institute for Greta
School of Arts -
Improvements
12.7:3
14.7:2
Newcastle School of Arts (Meeting)
School of Arts
- Greta
28.7:3
4.9:2
LIQUOR AND LIQUOR TRADE
Barricading a Public House
Lighthouse Hotel
22.4:2
6.4:3
Bullock Island
12.5:2
Lighthouse Hotel
13.5:2
The Drink Evil
(Leader)
22.5:2
Publican's License
16.6:2
Watt Street Hotels
19.6:2
Brewery
FAHAD CAUSEWAY See CAUSEWAY
New Hotel
16.8:2
KING FAHAD CAUSEWAY See CAUSEWAY
Stewart's Family Hotel
With regard to the subject approach, Index to Index
India presents a very gloomy picture (figure 5). The
indexing is brief, entries are condensed and subject
headings confusing and ambiguous. The annual cumu
lative volume for 1967 lists news related to anthropology
and rural sociology under the term activity, and socio-
21.9:2
4.10:3
Prendergast, Wood and Co's.
SAUDI-BAHRANIAN CAUSEWAY See CAUSEWAY.
260
TNMSTRIRS - General
Ferirr'M Aernted Water And Cordial Manufactory
- Perkin Street
Red Lion Hotel. Waratah
12.9:3
15.9:2
The Public Houses of the Colony
Cafe D* Paris
28.10:4
Publican's Licenses
11.11:2
Transfer of License
24.11:2
The Liquor Traffic
24.6:6
(Leader)
23.9:2
30.11:2
Figure 3. Index to the New Morning Hera Id (Australia), 1876.
The Indexer Vol. 17 No. 4 October 1991
NEWSPAPER INDEXING
JANUARY TO MARCH, 1953
jb
gBOWB (Continued)—
(Boa also under FarrsmatU in fen«
ml
Index).
Castle H1U: A small vHUtfl win
ata«e a bit show (SUff Correspon
dent). Mar. 8-13: Rone-lovers' day
(SUff Correspondent). Mar.
S-1S;
Otber references. Mar. 15-6. 38, 38.
Royal
Horticultural
V.S.W.:
Autumn
13-4.
Camden (now,
Sodoty
flower
show,
at
Mar.
Uir. 33-23.
SBBOVB TUEUMT—
Olney (Cbrtaad) pancake runners
prcparmr (or the annual challenge
match (or the transatlantic Pancake
trophy. Feb. 5-1.
•LUC—
rtm Slam*** Minuter to Australia,
Ksl Seothl Sulpha-Montkhao. preaened his eredtnlals to the OovemorCfeneral. Sir WiUltm McKtll (Syd
ney), Jan. 10-2, 4.
•IAMEBC TWINS
(TJ.8.A.)—
Siamese twins In 0.8.A.. Jan. 3-3.
Jan.
4-3.
Second plastic sorcery op«ratloa
on SUmm twlna (Chicago). Jan. 8-3.
Blames* twins born in U.S. (Terry
and Jerry 81m»), Jan. 17-1; twins
die. Jan. 21-3.
Weaker of leperated Siamese' twins
Borer Vtr Brodle, die* (Cblcaco),
Jan.
23-3.
Pmtponement
of
turner
rartcry on survivor, Feb. 5-3.
pintle
8ILKWOBM9—
Reds control silkworms. Mar. 3-3.
btlves—
VS. silver op. Jan. 16-8.
SllTer price*: See "The Sydney
Momina; Herald" (ram time to Urn*.
Including; Jan. 3-4. Jan. 15-6, Jan.
17-5, Jan. 21-3. etc.
BILVEft, BARS (S«o under Art).
BINGAPOBX
Malay*)—
(Bee
also
under
Strike of Asltn workers at Sinnpore na*al establishments called off.
Jan.
8-3.
SKATING. ICE—
Ice ikatinr seism starts. Mar. 19.
(Women's Section.)
SLAVS TBADE
Saadl
BUM.
Peter Nltel Stewart Fraier (arenadlrr Ouardsi on January 17, Jan.
8-3. Jan 17-3.
9tr Willta mSUm's warning en
danger to Australia frota
wlUUn
(London), Jan. 28-3.
Msa
woman
and PataUUca>—
Spoctal
Judy
farmr.
Butcblnsen
aspolnted
to Lady SUm. T*b. 12.
Section.)
BniUsn
secretary
(Women's
Sir William aai mto be iwern-ln
aa Governor-General at a ceremony
at Parliament House. Canberra, in
the last weke In March. Peb. 18-1.
Btr Wlllam and Lady SUm reoalTed br Quem Mary. Peb. 23-3.
Sir
William
Slim to delay
de
parture from tr.K.: To bo available
to advise oa military and diplomatic
arrangement* throuihout tbe Middle
But (Prime Minister. Mr. Monadtn>.
Feb. 34-3: talk with Oonoral Naculb
forecast. Peb. 25-1; 1—-ntTntT de
cision, Ptb. 25-1.
Plytny-offler
Lysil
Klaffer.
of
beoome A.C.C. to Sir William aim.
Adelaide,
recalled
from
Malta, to
Mar. 4-3.
"Xmpoutble to say" when Sir WUtlaffl Slim wlU be leavtnr for Att*-
article:
under
Watch
Accident*
your stop:
Bnaka went rldlni with the (sally
(Wanttma, Tleton*>)
Jan. 12-1.
Snak* expert, Erie Worrell, has
contract* with tbe Commonwealth
Department of Health for the supply
of User snako venom for the Com
monwealth Serum Laboratories. Jan.
18-4.
Mrs. Basel
Danochuo
trod
on
brown snake, but was not bitten
(Pafowood). Jan. 19-1.
A car-ride for tbe snak* (Milton).
Jaa. 21-4.
Dot;
galah
five snake alarms In
Melbourne suburbs. Jan. 35-1.
Mrs. W P Butler bitten by snake
aa aha left Prtmon
(Melbourne)
Town Hall: S3 people bitten in Melbourn* la th« last six wecka. Jan.
36-3.
Snakes kUtod on golf link* at
Walcha and OUaduUa, Jan. 37-1.
SNOWT MOUNTAINS HTDBO-BLBCTBIC rBOJSCT—
Letter to the Editor: Christian wit
ness on the Snowy (Enitl). Mar.
4-3.
Special srttcle: They've pat a bridle
on tbe Snowy (Staff Correspondent).
Uxr. 8-11.
Free transport claim: 8oowy River
men to stop work. Jan. 10-4.
Diverting the Snowy: First blr Job
completed. Mar. 2-1. Msr. 6-4.
Governor-General. Sir William MeEel!, on tour of Snowy Mountains,
Mar. 13-2.
Airstrip plan for Snowy River dis
trict. Mar. 2O-10.
Draft plan for Snowy: Power, water
distribution, Mar. 24-2.
SOCIALISTS.
CONFE&EXCE
AT
BANGOOV (See also under Grnt
Britain. Asta)—
Letder of British Opposition. Mr.
C. B, AUee, le*»« (or East: Socialists
to confer at Rangoon. Jan. 3-3.
Wealth of Asia: West has key,
tsys Mr. C. R. Attlee. Leader of
British Opposition (Rangoon), Jan.
12-3.
SOCIAL NEWS AND EVENTS (See
slso under Women and Women'!
Activities. Fashions. Illustrations,
Portraits. Marriages and Engage
On under Africa,
riELD-MASSRAL SIB. WIL
also
It's a bad snake searon (Staff Cortes
pondent). Jan. 23-1 .
ments, Fashions under
tions.
Social
under
tion* >—
Arabia).
LIAM. Governor-General DestrimU of Australia (Scv also under
Commanwealtb) —
Miss Una 811m. to marry Captain
(are
Illustra
Illustra
Principal events (sea also under
Dlustratlons):
It's the season at Palm Beach, Jan.
4-22.
Holidays
at
Terrigal.
Jan.
8
(Women's section).
Many women as sports spectators:
Australia Day holiday. Jan. 27-S.
Spectacular setting (or bill at Roseenont, Woollahra. the home of Sir
Charles and Lady Lloyd Jones, when,
with Mr. and Mrs. Anthony Bordern.
they entertained about 400 guests,
Peb.
1-21. 22.
Crowded wharf at sailing o( OronCrowdcd wharf at salUng of the
liner Oronsay with Coronation-bound
travellers. Feb.
1-21.
P.Z.N. part yfor Australians (Lon
don). Peb. 12 (Women's section).
Barbecue
for
Red
Cross
(Castle
HUD. Feb. 22-22.
Red Cross Easter ball. Peb. 22-22.
Minister (or tbe Philippines and
Mrs. Roberto Regala entertained at
a fareweU party. Mar. 28 (Women's
wctlon).
SOCIAL SE&VTCES (See under Commonwealth of Australia)—
Special
Article:
10.000 unhappy
people are looking to International
Social Service (Staff Correspondent),
Mar. 19-2.
Prats cfor Citizen Conventions (the
Figure 4. The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia), 1953.
The Indexer Vol. 17 No. 4 October 1991
Agriculture (Contri,.,)
And Marketing, Co-operation,
581b
And Monsoon, 436b
And Panch^yati RaJt 326b ,436b
And Pesticide, 741a
And Planning, 1105b
And Public Administration, 997b
And Rural Electrification,
260b,436b
<
And Science, 74Gb
And Social.Change! Rural,
1043b
And Technology, 439b, 740b
And Weather Forecast, 740b
And Youth Clubs, 145b
Bank, 29b-3Oa, 228b
Cooperation ,. 65b-66a,297b-98aF
583,917a. 920b-21
Fourth Five Year Plan*.7b,9a
Planning, 467a
Third Five Year Plan, 6a,
187b
Cooperative Credit, 65a,296b-97a,
582,919*20
Credit, 27a»224av505b-b6a,
827a
And Bank, 505b,827b,830a
Poop eration, 827b,919a
And Comaerclal Back, 834a
Cooperation9 920a
And Control, Bank, 832a
And Fertiliser, 888a
And' Marketing, Cooperation,
919b.
And Reserve.Bank of." India,
827a
And State Bank of India, 827b
United States,.36b
Economics. 52-61,273tf-S2,55b-75a,
882b-907
And Administration, 884a
And, Bank, 830a,. 8S4a
And Cattle Development, 884a
And Cooperative Credit,' 884a
Figure 5. Index to Index India.
261
NEWSPAPER INDEXING
logical news under accident. The frequent use of and to
link two terms makes it difficult for the researcher. An
administrative aspect of agriculture is indexed as:
ADMINISTRATION AND AGRICULTURE and AGRICULTURE
and administration. Spying activities are indexed under
ERU
Adaajee Paper ft Board.
The ERU Press Index (figure 6) issued in Karachi,
Pakistan, gives a better subject approach, following the
pattern of The Times Index, although multiple index
entries for any news item have not been made, in view of
the cost of indexing. Under each country, the relevant
subject heading followed by the news title is mentioned.
concerning prospects for the passage of the new Philip
pine constitution which appeared in the San Francisco
Chronicle on 16 October 1986 is entered straight under
the heading Philippines, along with many others. In
terms of USA news, it is very comprehensive, apparent
from its structure of allocating specific descriptors to the
1983,
mally related, or two aspects of the same story may be
located next to each other and given two different
headings; treating the heading as the defining biblio
graphic unit may therefore cause major problems.
Indcxers should not rely on headlines. A leading news
story in the Saudi Gazette of 15 March 1987 with the
heading years of a growing love affair gives no clue
as to the indexable concept, and the first paragraph helps
little. The complete story deals with the overall USA
foreign policy, its current position towards Arab-Israeli
conflict and its warm relationship with Israel during
Reagan's presidency (figure 8). The standard description
in the news thesaurus can be assigned.
In any indexing, straightforward entries under the first
word of the title are illogical and unnecessary if the first
word does not convey any meaning or if it is unlikely to
be sought by the user.
1:1;
5 Jan
BR 4 Jan
1983,
Adasjee Paper & Board
limited:
in reve
PAKISTAN AND
GULF ECONOMIST 2(2),
1983:
1:1
mills
mild reversal
nues and profits.
8-14 Jan
52-53
Mild reversals in sales,
profits:
dividend rates improve by 5 p.c.
MUSLIM 10 Jan 1983,
7:5-8
Afghanistan
As seen through the eyes of an
Afghan, Amera,
10 Jan 1983,
Saeed Hamid.
4:3-6;
PT
5:1-2
- Economy
Afghan economy in shambles.
news items (figure 7).
Koch lists some problems of tackling a new item.14
One heading may be applied to two stories only mini
INDEX
1083
Adaajee - Paper and Board
ALLEGED ESPIONAGE.
An Index to the San Francisco Chronicle displays an
effective subject structure, but there are instances where
it ignores assigning subject headings or descriptors
within the main geographical headings. A news item
PRESS
January
3 Jan 1983,
DAWN
11:1-2
- Education
Education in Afghanistan being
converted into Communist system
MM 8 Jan
-
1983,
5:2-4
Inflation
100 p.c.
inflation
PT 2 Jan 1983,
in Afghanistan
5:4-5
_ ._
- Pakistan Trade
Dumping of Afghan transit imports
hit Pak industries. MN 25 Jan
1983,
1:6-8;
10:5
- Railways Planning
Railway network planned in
Afghanistan. DAWN 25 Jan 1983
12:6-7
- DSSR War
Afghan army General defects to
Editorials and reviews
Each editorial must be assigned a specific descriptor.
The writer, if named, can also be used as a heading, and
the title may be indexed too.
Regarding book reviews, Smith recommends entering
title and author's name under the subject book reviews
and author's name under the title used as an entry.15 An
entry can be made under the author's or reviewer's name
or both. The New York Times Index lists under book
reviews the book titles and reviewers' names, as well as
listing them separately under the titles, with authors'
names.
262
Pakistan. MM
Afghan crisis:
18 Jan 1983,
1:2-4
elusive accord,
A.T. Chaudhri.
DAWN 8 Jan 1983
7:4-6
Afghan crisis: no change in Soviet
policy evident, Eurd. BR 71 Jan
1983, 3:3-4
Afghan crisis threat to global
stability,
Koi. PT 17 Jan 1983
8:1-2
Figure 6. ERU Press index (Pakistan), 1983.
The Indexer Vol. 17 No. 4 October 1991
NEWSPAPER INDEXING
FHIUPFINES (CONTINUED)
UNITED
PM1UPP1NE CHIEF JUSTKX TUHANKM
Dtsaasu new constitution
PHILIPPINE PIES. AQUINO ANNOUNCES
LAND REPOIM PLAN
STATES
FOREIGN
OCT IT: .114
OF
AMERICA.
POLICY.
■OfTOttAi. on coMPirnoN or draft
OP PHtUPPINE CONSTTTUnON
PNaiPPINE DEFENSE KWISTER fUAN
tONCX ENRILE IY1S tfSlONINO
MPT G1OWI tBTWEEN PHOIPPINS
PISS. AOUtNO A MILITARY LEADER
EDITORIAL ON CRISIS FACWO A -)U\HO
OOVT IN PKIUPPINES
PMIUPPINE PRES. AQUINO MOV. '. TO
END RIFT WITH DEFENSE MIN. HIR
MURDER OF PHIUPPINE ARMY
OCT I* A-I4-I-E
OCT I* A-l«-1
US ready
OCT 10> -I *-l-P
ter ties.Olc
OCT 21
1-1
OCT XT A-2.I-P
PKIUPPINE OEFENSE MINISTER ENRILE
ADDRESSU CROWD OF M.00O
PHIUPPINE VP LAUREL PROPOSES VOTE
OF CONFIDENCE IN OOVT
US. APPEAL CT ALLOWS US. CUSTOMS
TO KEEP MARCOS RICHES
IO000 MARCH IN MANILA TO SHOW
SUPPORT FOR CORA2ON AQUINO
WEINER COLUMN ON PETA
ANTI-MARCOS SHOW *AN OATH TO
FREEDOM-
US
sanctions caught in row.
26
Apr.
US seeks further data in
AQUINO
US. AMRASSADOR ROSWORTH
UAFP1RMS SUPPORT FOR PHIUPPINE
PRES.
PHILIPPINE MILITARY LEADER
THREATENS SPUT WITH
OOVERNMINT
PKIUPPINB AIDE SUOOESTS INRtLE A
LAUREL SHOULD LEAVE
OOVUNMENT
for bet
08 Jan.
OCT 21.-4O-I-E
LIEUTENANT RAIX RAQU1RAN
DISCUSSED
PHtUPPINE DEFENSE MINISTRV
OFFICIALS ETE RIFT WITH PRES
to work with Iran
02e
06e
Iran probe
25 Feb.
OCT 14. -2*4
US seeks
OCT 31c A-L1P
OCT Jfc A-2M
OCT 27: OS-I-P
OCT J* -17-1
Olh
US
27
to improve
ties with Syria
Jun.
sees progress
forts.
in UN"s Gulf ef
01b 05 Jun.
OCT » -17-4
US
OCT II: -20-1
lies on ABM broad view.8b 25
OCTJ1 -KM
set to ride
PHOBIAS
US
PHONOGRAPH RECORDS
policy.01b
roughshod over Al
Feb.
to pursue more active Mid-east
30 Mar.
•so. jtccotDincs
PHOTOGRAPHERS
PHOTOGRAPHERS WHO FOLLOW
CELEBRITIES DISCUSSED
OCT *• -JVI-P
PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT
US SUPREME CT DENIES APPEAL IN
KODAK-POLAROID CASE
US wants
01b,02a
no deal on
hostages:
Shultz
13 Feb.
OCT 7: -3VI
Untold truth.
PHOTOGRAPHY
ja also-Mforoaurtoju
07
06a
March..
tf. MUSEUM OP MODERN ART PHOTO
DIRECTOR VAN DEREN COKJE
FEATURED
FEATURE ON RUTH BERNHARO'S
PHOTOGRAPHS OF NUDES
•A DAY IN THE LIFE OF AMERICA*. ED.
•Y SMOLAN • COHEN. REVIEWED
OCT t IMO-lt-l-P
OCT II WOR-M-P
OCT II: -44-LR
•KENNY ROGERS* AMERICA*. RY
KENNY ROGERS, REVIEWED
•RICH HALL'S VANISHING AMERICA*.
SY RICH HALL REVIEWED
OCT 21: •**-!•»
OCT 21: -M-I.R
PHYSICAL FITNESS
SATIR£ ON USING CHILOAE* FOR
PAREN7T PHYSICAL FITNESS
OCT t WOR-IJ-l-P
SAN PASQUALE HJ USES COLORED
OYM SHORTS TO SHOW LEVEL OF
FITNESS
PHYSICIANS
OORDON FEATURED
talks.
02d 01 Feb.
Washington wants allies
trade curb.02g
to join
We won't abandon Contras.
26
Iran
29 Oct.
05a
Mar.
White House ignored all Warnings.2e
•so. MAHotCAfno nonx
ROCK CONCERT DOCTOR R. TLAiM"
ordered to praise Iran during
hostage
OCT 7: .17-*
PHTSICAIXY HANDICAPPED
•NAZI DOCTORS. MEDICAL KOLma.*.
■Y RORERT UPTON. REVIEWED
MEXICAN SURGEON RETURNS TO
WORK AFTER LOSINO * FINOERS IN
QUAKE
OS. PROIES ILLEGAL SALE OP
STEROIDS TO ATHLETES BY CAL
DOCTOR
V.A. PRORE OF FHYSKSANr RECORDS
DISCUSSED
VOA
20
Jan.
OCT V. UV.*-I>R
OCT 7: .J-l-P
OCTfc-IM
OCT Ift -I0-]
OCT II: 1MO-I7.I-P
White House tried to influence
Tower
report.
01b
Will we know our
18
07
Mar.
interests.
04c
Mar.
DECISIONS ON FATE OF HANDICAPPED
NEWRORNS DISCUSSED
OCT I* WOR-IJ-I-P
PHYSICS
•ta also citArrrr
COUNTERARGUMENT TO 9TH
FUNDAMENTAL FORCE
UC BERKELEY SYMPOSIUM TO HONOR
NOBEL LAUREATE CHARLES TOWNES
Years of a
15
WINNERS OF NOREL PRIZES IN
CHEMISTRY * PHYSICS ANNOUNCED
PHYSICISTS PROPOSE
OCT Ik -J-t
OCT 14: .]|.|.p
Figure 7. Index lo the San Francisco Chronicle, 1986.
The Indexer Vol. 17 No. 4 October 1991
Zayed
11
growing
love
affair.
06b
Mar.
tells US
to
revamp policy.01b
May.
Figure 8. Saudi Gazette Index, 1987.
263
NEWSPAPER INDEXING
The Times Index give the main heading books (titles
and reviews) but does not give the name of the reviewer
(figure 9). The Washington Post Index enters all reviews
under generic headings: concert reviews;
book
reviews (giving authors' names followed by book
titles—see figure 10). The Chicago Tribune Index includes
reviews under relevant subject headings: art, book
REVIEWS. MOTION PICTURE REVIEWS, etc.
Augmenting titles
Headlines do not always contain terms accurately
representing the contents and concepts of the news story:
this is the drawback in many computer-produced
indexes. In word-derivative indexing the word 'to appear
first should be the more important, which will usually be
the one upon which greater emphasis is placed'.16 The
AIRS: Index to the Daily Gleaner of Jamaica uses a
multiple approach: key-words are selected from the title
and the article and subject descriptors are assigned if
necessary.17 Newspapers contain current jargon, idioms
and colloquialisms and in many instances, comments
Friedman, that language will differ from the interpreta
tion which research scholars or technical experts might
give to it.ls The construction of a true subject index
presents many problems. It is easy to compile word
indexes, but it leads to scattering, omissions and
unnecessary entries. In both word-derivative indexing
and concept indexing, title augmentation is necessary.
The Canadian News Index displays entries by enriched
article titles (figure 11). Here the names of the countries
are treated as main subject headings and enriched titles
are listed with subject headings. News items about
Canada arc given both main heading and subheading;
e.g. Sunday legislation: Manitoba. In the Glasgow
Herald Index, the original news headline is adopted as
the basis for the index entry. The indexer has the option
of enriching the headline by the addition of explanatory
words in square brackets.19 The Scotsman Index has a
different subject approach for title augmentation. The
news item, 'Private Members' Bill seeks to increase
C AG's powers over use of public funds' is indexed under
subject descriptors with further subheadings:
NATIONALIZATION
AND
NATIONALIZED
INDUSTRIES:/
FINANCE/LEGISLATION—PRIVATE MEMBERS BILL.
(Entries from both the Glasgow Herald Index and the
Scotsman Index were shown in The Indexer 16 (4) Oct.
1989, pages 228 and 230.)
Some indexes, e.g. The Times Index, provide conden
sed abstracts of the subject contents under appropriate
subject headings. The news about funding for Roman
Catholic schools in Canada is indexed:
Canada: education / controversy over funding for
Roman Catholic schools expected to dominate
Ontario Conservative party's leadership contest, Nov.
16 6a (1985).
264
In summary
News analysis is concerned with the analytical and
critical
evaluation
of news
titles,
subtitles,
leading
paragraphs, single terms, compound phrases and state
ments which make up news stories. It is also an identifi
cation of central themes, subthemes, unrelated aspects
and potential syntagmatic relations of subjects. Without
an intellectual approach, consistency, professional skill,
imaginative insight and a gifted memory, indexers would
find it a stupendous task to analyse the contents of a
news story and simultaneously identify the indexable
concepts. Recognition of concepts which express the
news leads indexers to formulate descriptors closely
related to newspaper language. In the absence of any
predetermined news thesaurus, the process of devising
new descriptors will continue for a considerable time. A
wide variety of new thesauri produced by different
newspaper organizations and indexers is available.
References
1. Gephart, Joseph C. The New York Times Index. Special
Libraries, December 1958, 486
2. Bennett, John. Teamwork indexing of the Scotsman. The
Indexer 14(1), April 1984, 27-9.
3. Rothman, John. Preserving the news that's fit to print. The
Indexer 5(1), 39-42.
4. McAdams, Frank, et al. Indexing the Glasgow Herald.
Catalogue and Index 78-9, 1985, 8-9.
5. Knee. Michael. Producing a local newspaper index. The
Indexer 13(2), 1982, 101-3.
6. The Guardian Index, October 1986. Ann Arbor, 1986, i-v.
7. Toase, Charles A. Reference books you may have missed.
Refer: Journal of the ISG 4 (2), 1986, 16-22.
8. Johnpoll, Bernard K. The Canada News Index. Special
Libraries 58, 1968, 102-5.
9. AIRS: Index to the Daily Gleaner of Jamaica. National
Library of Jamaica, 1984, 1-6.
10. Kyte, C. H. J. The Times index. The Indexer 5(3), 1967,
125-9.
11. Friedman, H. Newspaper indexing. Milwaukee: Marquettc
University Press, 1942, 135.
12. Cleveland, D. B. and Cleveland, Ana D. Introduction to
indexing and abstracting. Libraries Unlimited, 1983, 148.
13. Stafford, Robert. Australian newspaper index feasibility
study. National Library of Australia, 1980, 8.
14. Koch, Jean E. Newspaper indexing: planning and options.
Special Libraries 76 (4), 1985, 271-81.
15. Smith, Donald R. Newspaper indexing handbook for small
libraries. Lovejoy Library, 1978, 5.
16. Hunntsetl, R. F. Indexing for editors. British Records
Association, 1972, 79.
17. AIRS, op. cit., 127.
18. Friedman, op. cit., 127.
19. How to use the Glasgow Herald index. University of Strathclyde, 1971, iii.
Dr Nazir Ahmad is Assistant Professor in the Faculty of
Arts and Humanities, King Abdul Azis University, Jehad,
Saudi Arabia.
The Indexer Vol. 17 No. 4 October 1991
NEWSPAPER INDEXING
AcooexTS (continued);
A. A P. — speofatioa oa involvement in UK takeovtr
bid, June 12, 23b; will not join venture, 14. 25o
Abauum. Leoaid (USSR) - ippld deputy PM mtd
bead of Govt brains trust commission oa
economic reform. Juke 23. 8g
Ancr. J.R. (Maj.) — record prices paid for
manuscripts at sale of collection at Sothetn*v
June 21. Ja
Ancr Nation* Building Society:
Customer accounts see Buoxxno societies
Mortgages see MoktgaGQ
PLC status - coinpi esses flouiion plans, June 3,
17b; savers and borrower given deadline x>
mum form for free shares. (ST) 4, Dl?£
flotation dose to postponement. 4, DXf.
ruling due, 6, 25e; Building Societies
Commissioner roles that co. must give each
payment
to
young
savers.
7,
le;
was
pennariofl for flotation, 7, 25b; Gty
cemmcat, 7, 27f; impact of flotation
Damages: see L*w: Damages and under typa of
accident
Drowning: see Dkownino accidents
Industrial: see txDUsntiAL diseases and injuries and
under Macs of trades and professions
Railways: see Railway accidents
Road: see Road accidents
Sailing: see Sauno and boating accidents
Shipping: see SnmNO accidents
Special Report. June 29, 32a
Sporting venae*, incidents at: tee under names of
sports
Accountants and accountancy - Scotland vetoes
proposals for Institute of Chartered Accountants
of Great Britain; universities believed to be
behind opposition, (THES) June 23,6a
Education ud training - institute launches
training scheme in attempt to create new
breed of financial manager, (THES) tinm 16,
5a; 1CA and Training Agency wet]
programme to develop competency-led
increment, (THES) 23,4d
summarized; conduct of accountants to be
investigated, 10,23a; note on sbair price, (ST)
II, D17h; immigration counsellor calh ior
judkal review of flotation approval, 13, 25d;
likelihood of court action fades, 14. -#c
Achesoh, Donald (Sir) - responds to critiennt of
specabrtkra on share price, 15. 25b; shire
value set, 16,25b; advice to new shareholders.
17, 23c; Bardayshare offers share setting
service, 21,27c; KJ Index predicts share price,
criticized, 27. 3a; organizers defend party. iS, 3e
Parliament discussed. Juke 28, 14h
Aero rainc see Pouution: Atmospheric
Aacat. Kathy:
23, 23c; note oo soccea of share offer, 24,
17b; subscribed twice over; Sterling Asset
ncrot holders coafbsed by account debit
notice, 24.23c; note oo cheap sbare-de4hg
services, (ST) 25. DI3a; dry instituikaa
■0/vaOB
SgmiSl
< rUTiny
InllCS,
2a,
/MT
farther note, 27, 25a; society expues
confidence to nrvettor sgppoit as tkare
ifUttMiaca deadfine apoixmhq. 2i. 23b;
Govt's lack on listeria poisoning, June 30.2c
Acid-House Movement - Home Sec. calls for report
on secret parry at aerodrome which police
condemned as dangerous, June 26, 2a; r"*"-f"g
Young Lutt
Correspondence, (ST) June 4, G2c
Acxxx. Ssodnc
Teacher*. Gender and Carters {ctL),CTES)Jxmm 30,
29c
AcxitEX, Lord:
Legal f uftuiua - diqrriurs key dements ofQreem
Papers as absurd, Juks I, 5s
.\Di£R. Jeremy:
Kafka's Milena-Smi Cerna; (trans. A.G. Brain).
(rev.), (TLS) June 16. 66la
Mtfena-M&T$iTelc Buber-Neununn; (trans. Ralph
Manheim). (rev.). (TLS) Jumi 16.661a
AoLEiuOta:
EEC:
Policy - (I). June 23. I3f
.Adley, Robert:
Beer and brewery trade - (sP), June 22, I Ic
Channel Tunnel - (sP), June 20. 13h
China - (sP), June IJ, 12d
Hong Kong - contributes ankle on right of abode
issue, Junb 14, I4e
Admiral - to sponsor Glasgow Rangers. June 10.50b;
moves into Soviet market. 29. 29c
Adoption and fostering:
Law Report - R v Derbyshire County Council, Ex
pane T, June 6. 38f
ADOREU of the Sacred Heart of Jesus - nunt seek
sponsor for snooker match in aid of Tyburn
Convent appeal fund; photo. June 28, 5c
ADT - sells US hospital support services business.
June 8,28f
Adultery — research reveals British couples are
involved in more affairs earlier in marriage than
20 years ago, (ST) June 18, Fla
Adyerttsino — successful insurance commercials
discussed; photo, (ST) Juke 18, D15a; SIB
launches monitoring service. 20.25b; revamping
of advertising and packaging for Milk Tray
chocolates described, (ST) 25. Dlla; SIB
monitoring service on financial adverts further
discussed, (ST) 25. DlJtr, 'reveal campaigns"
examined, 28, 39a
Agencies
takeover
activity
emphasizes
advantages of dealing with privately-owned
cos. (ST) Juns II. D12a; aote on mergers, 28.
39a
Articles - 'Agencies seek greener pastures to
fatten profits', (ST) Jura 4, DI5a
Figure 9. The Times Index, 1989.
Blue Crosa and Blue Shield
Blue Crost-Blue Shield will offer insurance coverage
for in-patient drag and alcohol rehatrilitaiioa
programs far ftdcrtl employees (photo) <ra)
Ag30.A5i
Blue laws
trt Sunday legislation
Bone iiuuiow
ttt Marrow
tie aim Bombs
Coloobia
photo of i Colombian policemen trying to disarm
bomb is Nctnocon; policemen ore lulled during
process (s)
Ag 8 A2ib
Fnao
bomb explosion demolishes automebik in Toulon,
France killing driver and all 3 passengers (s)
Blues (Songs, etc.)
Blua singer Taj Mahal profiled (photo) (ml
Ag I.DTa
rock and blues siager Anita Baker profiled (photo)
(ml
Borabtnp
Ag IJ.DIi
Board guncs
trraito Chess
Boards of education
tn School boards
Boards of trade
Nicaragua acmes Chamber of Commerce vice
pro. Guilienoo Quant Tai for spying for CIA (»)
Boats and boating
trt aho House-botts
Rowing
Sailboats
Submarines
Acodtncs tod Enpncs
CruTia OTfeal pleads not guilty to charges in
boating undent death of Cian Carlo Coppola, sea
of film director Francis F. Coppola (s)
Ag 12.B7*
Ag I8.AI4C
4 members of French right-wing group killed in car
explosion (s)
Ag UjMJb
Germany, West
Palestinian arrested in Berlin discotheque bombing
received aid from Syrian Embassy in Wen
Germany (s)
Ag IJU4c
German woman is arrested in connection with July
terrorist bombing death of lop Siemens executive
(s)
Ag4.A|7b
Italy arrests Jordanian student aTkfcdly involved
in Apr. bombing of Wen Berlin disco (s)
Ag27.A2a
bomb explodes outside Drodner Bank in Marburg
(s)
Ag27.A23f
Hood urn
Hondunn journalist Rodrigo Wong Arevtlo's car
■ and house damaged by bomb (s)
Iran
Ag 5.AI5f
car bomb kills 11 in Iranian city of Qora (s)
Ag l7.A23a
car bomb kills 20 persons in central Tehran (s)
Bone*
Dhema
see cho Osteoporosis
Book censorship
ttt Censorship
Book bdustries aad trade
are also Booksellers and bookseUing
Publishers aad publishing
Book tending
«re libraries
Circulation, loans
Book reviews
Mcrkin, Daphne. "Enchantment" (photo) (m)
Ag27J32a
Ambler. Eric "Here Lies: An Autobiography"
(photo) (m)
AglOJWAa
Barker, dive. "Ctr*e Barker^ Books of Blood:
Volumes I_U" (photo) (m)
Ag 24JW6a
Barker. Clive. The '"fc""" Condiiioa* (t)
Ag 24.BWU
Busard, Mary. "Time and the White Tigress' (s)
Ag3IJBWBc
Beach, Edward L. The United States Navy: 200
Ag 33WSa
Years* (photo, illus) (1)
Boyne, Wtlter J. The Wild Blue"(pbo<o) (s)
3
Brandt WtDy. "Arms and Hunger" (photo) (ml
Ag 3.BW4*
Braudy, Leo. The Frenzy of Renown: Fame and Its
Figure 10. Washington Post Index, 1986.
The Indexer Vol. 17 No. 4 October 1991
265
NEWSPAPER INDEXING
Subscription television
Success
"impostors
See Pay television.
leei ther success is unreal*
O 786 pS2
TS
Sudan
groups wiH aery Sudan rebels threat MG
O T36 pB8
Sudan relief tl^ht cancelled GAM O 286 pA9
Breeze from Canada toucnes S-rtan G&M
O «86 pALAiO
Motner Teresa «i Sudan in attempt to end civil
war VS O 686 pA4
Motner Teresa m Sudan to get relief food
moving* GAM O 6 66 pAi.All
Sudanese politics keeps lood airMt grounded*
CH O 686 pA8
Sudan ref«t "ignis dean >mai Wow G&M Q 886
pAtO
Operation Rainbow approacties bftotf for (light of
mercy GAM O 986 pAM
Sudan wages war among the ruins • Valpy
(C)» GAM O 1086 pA7
Operation Rainbow gets off the ground with 2
mercy flights G&M O 1366 pAlO
Food, drugs flown south in the Sudan G&M
O I486 pAi2
Operatnn Rainbow's food flights for Sudan Wt
off at last MG O M86 p84
Sudan airtttt begins CH O I486 pAi2
Crisis alleviated m southern Sudan city:
Operation Rainbow's organizers careful not to
celebrate victory GAM O tS'86 pA9
Sharp |ustce: Sudanese surgeon proud of role
in amputations of thieves' hands GAM
O 1686 0A1.A16
Experts spirt on ancient laws' worth G&M
O 18S6 pA8
"Starving millions' in Sudan a myth relief
workers say TS O 27'86 pA3
Fleet of last resort works lo aid Sudan GAM
O 30'36 pAI7
Synagogues (cont'd)
Supercomputers
Federal tax program Wev to comouier praiect
G&M O 286 pAi.Au
Toronto
Residents lose fnrtt to stoo synagogue in
neighborhood TS O 3) 86 pF'6
NS computer plan tthetv wont be viable expert
says TS 0 386 pAlO
Supercomputer planned for Sydney HCH O 3'86
Syncrude Canada Ltd.
pi .28
Sydney supercomputer centre races deadline to
Syncrude appeals as Masse missing CH
Cape Breton computer plan "dead." investor
Syncruoe expansion plans are m trouble without
hetp CH O 2586 pFiO
O 24 66 pOt
aual<ty for tax credits* MG O 3 86 pBH
says TS O 786 pA8
Supercomputer in leocarcy Ottawa may reduce
investors tax credit HCH O 8 86 pi.16
Suoercomputer seeks clients TS O t0'86
pei.Ed
Syndicat des fonctionnaires du Quebec
Government makes concessions m public-servce
contract offers MG O 2286 pA4
Syria
Graphics company is first to hire university s
new supercomputer TS O i8'86 pC3
British prosecutor fingers Syna m bomb plot CH
O 786 pOI
Clark orders envoy to return from Syria* VS
Oonanoe "reactivating" supercomputer proposal
HCH O 2886 pl9
O 24 86 pAt
Britain cuts Syrian ties for bomb plot. Canada
US pun ambassadors out* MG O 2586
Supermarkets
Dall departments
In-store debs give eaterys indigestion* WFP
O 2186 p33
pAl
Britain severs ties wittt Syna* HCH 0 2586
In-store debcatessens a worry for restaurants*
MG O 2286 p£4
pi.23
Canada backs Britain on Syna* WFP
O 2586 pi
Canada recalls Synan envoy* CH O 25'86
Superstores
New Steinberg supermarkets will be twice as
pAl
bg JUG O 286 pCl
Canada. US combine with Britain to hit back at
Syria over bomb plot TS O 2586 pAi.Ai9
Howe talks of inhumane, monstrous crime MG
O 2586 pAiS
Outraged Britain cuts Syrian ties over bomb plot
Surgery
See also
Plastic surgery
Gary gets artificial right arm looks forward to
cnckel TS O 3'86 pA7
Fetus taken from womb for successful surgery
MG O 886 pA2
Surgery on fetus reported CH O 8'86 pAl 1
GAM O 25'86 pA1.At2
US pulls Syrian envoy to back UK* VS
O 25'86 pAl
Leave country within week angry UK tells
Syrians SS O 2686 pAi.A4
Surgery saved baby while still a fetus VS
O 886 pA1
Baby Mitchell's survival illustrates new
dilemma^* VS O M'S6 p36
Syna tries to cool enss with me West CH
O 2686 pA3
Figure 11. Canadian News Index, 1986.
What's in a title?
Where
In Scholarly Publishing 22 (3), April 1991, Anne B.
titles
are
obscure,
abstracting
and
indexing
Piternick surveys book, journal and article titles, including
services increase their informational content by adding
their implications for indexing.
substantive words or explanatory comments in parentheses,
The informational content of titles is important for
abstracting and indexing services, which of course use
a
process
known
as
'title
enrichment'.
The
Arts
&
Humanities Citation Index includes a 'Permuterm' subject
substantive words in titles as subject indicators rather than
index based on permuted title keywords. Ten per cent of
indexing articles alphabetically by their titles. H. Peter
titles in the 1978 volume required enrichment, while none
Luhn took advantage of the informational content of titles
was enriched in the Science and Social Sciences Citation
in creating the KWIC indexing system, using a computer to
Index.
As well as being enriched, titles of articles in
abstracting and indexing services may be translated into
manipulate title keywords in context as indexing terms.
Meaningful keywords therefore occur increasingly in the
titles of articles; they have a higher information content in
science, technology and law than in the social sciences and
the humanities. Titles of papers in chemistry have become
lengthier as well as more informative as an effect of KWIC
English or have their spelling changed to conform to
indexing. The Chemical Abstracts Service developed a
meaningful ones may be substituted.
computer program to classify documents automatically by
comparing individual title words with words in a reference
dictionary, which correctly assigned 78% of the documents
to major section groupings, and 67% to specific sections or
cross-references, at the rate of 100 documents per second.
Including the journal title in the process increased the
accuracy of the results.
English or American usage, and abbreviations, symbols
and
nomenclature
specifications
may
have
be
standardized.
deliberately
vague
Where
patent
titles,
more
Abbreviations of journal titles sometimes lead to errors
such
as
the
creation
of
a
spurious
Intercontinental
Ballistics Missiles Journal for the IBM Journal published
by International Business Machines.
Altogether fascinating findings in a thorough 14-page
study ('From incipits to colon counts: a natural history of
titles', pp 170-83).
H.K.B.
266
The hulexer Vol. 17 No. 4 October 1991