American Association of Swine Veterinarians
2005 AASV Annual Meeting
Proceedings Checklist for Authors
DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSION: November 15, 2004
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DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSION: November 15, 2004
Papers should be submitted to: American Association of Swine Veterinarians
st
902 1 Ave., Perry, Iowa 50220 USA • Phone: 515-465-5255 • Email: [email protected]
SEE BACK FOR FORMATTING INSTRUCTIONS AND PAPER SAMPLE.
File #1: Text File
Prevalence and control of intestinal parasites in
finishing pigs in Ontario
Beth Young, BSc, Thomas Rosendal, R.M. Friendship, DVM, MSc
University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario
Introduction
Many producers and veterinarians have become complacent about intestinal parasite control.
Confinement housing, all-in/all-out management and the development of effective anthelmintics
have led to this complacency. Intestinal parasitism should remain a concern because of the public’s
increasing awareness and concern over food safety, zoonotic diseases and the environment. In
addition, parasitism can be a source of economic loss through reduced pig performance and trimming/condemnations at the packing plant.1 The prevalence of intestinal parasites on Ontario pig
farms is unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of intestinal
parasites in Ontario finishing pigs, to assess the use of anthelmintics in Ontario herds and to determine the effect of different management practices on the prevalence of intestinal parasitism.2-5
Ascarid eggs were found on 15% of farms (Table 2) that used dichlorvos to deworm sows
Materials and method
while ascarid eggs were present on 18.2% of farms that used ivermectin as a sow
Sixty-four Ontario pig farms were
visited in6-8the summer of 2001. Producers were asked to comdewormer.
plete a survey concerning their management practices and deworming program. Fresh fecal
Only 16.7% of the producers used an anthelmintic in their grower/finisher (G/F) pigs. This
samples from 5 of the heaviest finisher pigs on each farm were collected directly from the rectum.
number is much lower than the 56.3 % of American producers who reported use of
The samples were transported to the laboratory in a cooler where they were refrigerated
until
anthelmintics in their weaner to market hogs.8 The greater use of anthelmintics by American
examination. A standard vial gravitational flotation technique was used to examine the samples for
pig producers likely reflects the greater use of outdoor housing in the United States compared
the presence of parasite eggs within 24 hours of collection. A paper cup was filled with approxito Ontario.
mately 60 ml of sodium nitrate solution with a specific gravity of 1.34. Approximately 4 grams of
feces were suspended in the solution. This suspension was strained into a fecal flotation cuvette. A
glass cover slip was placed over the cuvette and allowed to stand for 4 minutes. The cover slip was
horizontally transferred to a glass slide and a grid pattern was used to examine the sample for
We greatly appreciate the financial contribution of Ontario Pork and the Ontario Ministry of
parasite eggs at 100X magnification.
Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs and the cooperation of the participating producers.
Acknowledgements
Results and discussion
References
Balantidium coli and Ascaris suum were found to be the most prevalent parasites in Ontario pig
1. JR Harr, EA
June
1992.
Food
safety suis
issues
related
to parasitism in swine.
herds. Isospora suis and Oesophagostomum
sp.Brown.
were also
found
but
Trichuris
was
not evident
The Compendium,
pp. 831-838.
in any fecal samples examined (Table
1). It is significant
that B. coli was found on the majority of
the farms surveyed as this protozoan can be zoonotic. Human infection is uncommon but people
2. RM Corwin, TB Stewart. Internal Parasites. pp. 713-730. In Diseases of Swine, 8th Ed., eds.
living in areas surrounding hog farms have been found clinically infected
BE Straw, S D’Allaire, W Mengeling, DJ Taylor. 1999. Iowa State University Press, Ames,
Iowa, USA.
3. V Zaman. Balantidium coli. pp. 445-450. In Microbiology and Microbial Infections –
Parasitology, 9th Ed., eds. FEG Cox, JP Kreier, D Wakeling. 1998. Oxford University Press,
Inc., New York, New York, USA.
4. TM Bernardo, et al. 1989. Ascariasis, respiratory diseases and production indices in selected
Prince Edward Island swine herds. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research. vol. 54, pp. 267-273.
5. BE Straw. 1996. Controlling internal parasites in swine. Institute of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. http://www.ianr.unl.edu/pubs/swine/g1049.htm.
Accessed November 6, 2001.
6. A Roepstorff, SE Jorsal. 1989. Prevalence of helminth infections in swine in Denmark.
Veterinary Parasitology. vol.33, pp. 231-239.
7. K Robbins, Ontario Pork, 2001, personal communication.
8. D Hurnik, IR Dohoo. April 1995. The impact of roundworms on swine production. The
Compendium, pp.589-593.
File #2: Figures/ Table File
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Then a comma followed by degree.
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Thomas M. Burkgren, DVM, MBA
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References:
• Number references (No Roman numerals)
• Examples below:
1. Smith G. Alternative approaches to eliminating
diseases and improving performances of pigs. Vet
Rec. 1988;123:422-423.
2. Jones T. Overview of pork production. Swine
nutrition and feeding course, University of Animal
Science. http://www.ansci.us.edu/web-courses/
AnSc101/. Accessed November 20, 2001.
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