Use this simulation, pages 47-50 in your folder, and page 105-106 to define
October 05, 2015
the following:
1. half life -- amount of time it takes for 50% (half) of a given amount of the
element to decay into a more stable element (one less likely to decay), this
number differs for each isotope but is the same for every sample of the same
isotope
2. isotope -- one of the different possible versions of an element, the
difference comes from a different number of neutrons; the atomic number is
the same for all isotopes of an element
3. radioactive isotope -- an isotope that is radioactive (it breaks down into
another element)
4. radioactive decay -- the breaking down of a nucleus of a radioactive
element, radiation is given off at the same time
5. radioactive-isotope dating techniques (radiometric dating) -- also called
direct dating, using the known half-life, the number of breakdown products in
a sample and the number of radioactive isotopes to determine a very accurate
age for a rock or fossil
,
Definitions:
embryo -- pre-birth or pre-hatching stage of
a developing organism
embryology -- branch of biology that studies
development of organisms before they are
born/hatched
Vertebrate -- animals that have backbones
NOTE: not same as vertebrae!
October 05, 2015
paleontologist -- scientist who studies
fossils and also uses fossils to study the
history of life on earth
strata -- layers in the earth's crust, which
usually come from sediments carried by
erosion and deposited as a layer; many
strata become mineralized into rock
layers
stratigraphy -- branch of geology that
studies and classifies stratified rocks/
layers of the earth, provides indirect way
to date rocks because it can identify
similar layers all over the earth
1. Answer #2f – What similarities do you see in the drawings? similar bones, but sizes shapes slightly different, attached to each other in similar ways 2. Read p. 107-­‐109. Answer the following questions:
a. What is comparative anatomy ? It’s the branch of biology that compares the anatomy of different organisms, looking at the similarities and differences in the structural features of different species. b. Comparative anatomy provides evidence for ___biological change_ and ___the relatedness of different organisms_____. A pattern of ___similar characteristics__ may suggest _____evolutionary relatedness_.
c. Define homology . It’s a characteristic that is similar among different organisms because they evolved from a common ancestor.
d. Give an example:____forelimbs of bat, human, and bird___
e. Explain why it is considered a homology.
All the forelimbs have these similarities: have same bones (although size and function are different), have same relationship to body (in forelimb location), develop in same way in young
f. Define vestigial structure . Structure functional in some species, but dwarfed/
useless in others; means “remnant” October 05, 2015
Form follows function
The shape of a structure is
linked to its function. The shape
also limits the structure's function.
diagram of human hand
October 05, 2015