Chapter Six Quiz
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) A ________ is a network of knowledge, associations, beliefs, and expectations.
A) cognitive schema
B) cognitive heuristic
C) proposition
D) prototype
2) A(n) ________ lies outside of awareness, but can be brought into consciousness when necessary.
A) nonconscious process
B) subconscious process
C) preconscious process
D) unconscious process
3) Which of the following is a difference between formal and informal reasoning?
1)
2)
3)
A) Formal reasoning involves dialectical reasoning.
B) Formal reasoning uses algorithms rather than heuristics.
C) Formal reasoning is more useful for solving everyday problems.
D) Formal reasoning is purposeful mental activity that involves operating on information in
order to reach conclusions.
4) In the ________ stages, people assume that a correct answer always exists and can be obtained
through the senses or from authorities.
A) reflective
B) semi-reflective
C) quasi-reflective
D) prereflective
5) ________ is the tendency to try to solve new problems by using the same heuristics, strategies, and
rules that worked in the past on similar problems.
A) The availability heuristic
B) Mental set
C) Confirmation bias
D) Hindsight bias
6) ________ is a state of tension that exists when a person simultaneously holds two cognitions that
are inconsistent with one another.
A) Hindsight bias
B) Cognitive dissonance
C) Postdecision dissonance
D) Mental set
7) ________ refers to the practical application of intelligence.
A) Experiential intelligence
B) Creative intelligence
C) Contextual intelligence
D) Componential intelligence
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6)
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8) To qualify as a language, a communication system must meet all of the following criteria EXCEPT:
A) productivity.
B) meaningfulness.
C) metacognition.
D) displacement.
9) Which of the following animals learned to understand English words, short sentences, and
keyboard symbols without formal training?
A) Rico, a border collie
B) Kanzi, a bonobo
C) Sultan, a chimpanzee
D) Alex, an African gray parrot
10) ________ is the tendency to falsely attribute human qualities to nonhuman beings.
A) Cognitive ethology
B) Anthropodenial
C) Human bias
D) Anthropomorphism
11) A ________ is a unit of meaning made up of concepts that expresses a unitary idea.
A) prototype
B) proposition
C) cognitive heuristic
D) cognitive schema
12) Kagan argues that fully conscious awareness is needed in all of the following situations EXCEPT:
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
A) when we are engaged in a repetitive task.
B) when we must make a deliberate choice.
C) when events happen that cannot be handled automatically.
D) when unexpected moods or feelings arise.
13) Informal reasoning involves:
13)
A) established methods for solving problems.
B) dialectical reasoning.
C) a single correct answer.
D) deductive and inductive reasoning.
14) In the ________ stages, people understand that some things can never be known with certainty and
some judgments are more valid than others.
A) prereflective
B) semi-reflective
C) reflective
D) quasi-reflective
15) ________ is the tendency for people to pay attention only to evidence that supports their beliefs.
A) Confirmation bias
B) Mental set
C) The availability heuristic
D) Hindsight bias
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14)
15)
16) Which of the following is NOT a component of the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?
A) emotional intelligence
B) experiential intelligence
C) componential intelligence
D) contextual intelligence
17) Tacit knowledge involves practical, action-oriented strategies for achieving goals that are not
usually formally taught. They are an aspect of:
A) contextual intelligence.
B) experiential intelligence.
C) componential intelligence.
D) creative intelligence.
18) ________ proposed the idea that there are multiple types of intelligence including such things as
musical aptitude, kinesthetic intelligence, and the capacity for insight into ourselves and others.
A) Daniel Goleman
B) David Wechsler
C) Howard Gardner
D) Robert Sternberg
19) ________ is the knowledge or awareness of oneʹs own cognitive processes.
A) Metacognition
B) Theory of mind
C) Cognitive schema
D) Tacit knowledge
20) Which of the following species is NOT able to pass the ʺmirror taskʺ demonstrating
self-awareness?
A) Spider monkeys
B) Orangutans
C) Dolphins
D) Chimpanzees
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16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1
1) A
2) A
3) B
4) D
5) B
6) B
7) C
8) C
9) B
10) D
11) B
12) A
13) B
14) C
15) A
16) A
17) A
18) A
19) B
20) A
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