Contents
Tennessee State Performance Indicators . . . . . . . . . . 6
Chapter 1 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Lesson 1 Vocabulary Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Lesson 2
New and Foreign Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
State Performance Indicators
1.5, 1.6, 3.4, 5.2
1.5, 1.7, 1.12, 1.13
Chapter 1 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Chapter 2 Reading Comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Lesson 3 Main Idea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6.1
Lesson 4
Inferences and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.1
Lesson 5
Fact and Opinion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5.3
Lesson 6
Organizational Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5.4, 6.3
Lesson 7
Summary, Paraphrase, and Critique . . . . . 56
2.2, 2.3
Chapter 2 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Chapter 3 Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Lesson 8 Plot and Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
8.7, 8.12, 8.15
Lesson 9
Character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
8.4
Lesson 10 Point of View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
8.3
Lesson 11 Symbolism and Theme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
8.5
Lesson 12 Literary Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
8.1, 8.2, 8.6, 8.14
8.13
Lesson 14 Poetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
8.8, 8.9
Lesson 15 Drama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
8.11
Lesson 16 Comparing Literary Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
8.10, 8.16
Chapter 3 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Chapter 4 Informational Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Lesson 17 Persuasive Devices and Logical
Fallacies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
5.5, 5.6
Lesson 18 Speeches and Arguments . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
2.1, 2.4, 2.5, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10,
5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.14
Lesson 19 Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
6.2
Lesson 20 Synthesizing Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
6.4
4
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Lesson 13 Author’s Attitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
Mid-Chapter 3 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
State Performance Indicators
Lesson 21 Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5
Lesson 22 Comparing Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
7.5, 7.6
Chapter 4 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Chapter 5 Grammar and Revision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Lesson 23 Sentence Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 3.5, 3.6
Lesson 24 Pronouns and Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
1.2, 1.10, 1.11
Lesson 25 Punctuation, Capitalization,
and Spelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
1.1, 1.8, 1.9, 3.1
Lesson 26 Revising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
1.8, 3.1, 3.2, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10
Chapter 5 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Chapter 6 Writing and Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Lesson 27 Author’s Purpose and Audience . . . . . . . . 230
3.7, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14
Lesson 28 Word Choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
3.3, 3.11
Lesson 29 The Research Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
3.7, 4.1
Lesson 30 Evaluating Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6
Chapter 6 Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Pretest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Posttest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
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Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
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Chapter 1 • Lesson 1
SPI: 1.5, 1.6, 3.4,
5.2
Vocabulary Strategies
Getting the Idea
A context clue is a hint in the text that can help you understand a word you don’t know.
Look for nouns that reveal what the sentence is about or verbs that describe what is
happening. Check the sentences before and after, too. Read the example below.
Angel and the other explorers moved across the vast tundra, slowly trekking
across the treeless, never-ending, frozen plain.
Tundra may be an unfamiliar word. The words treeless, never-ending, and frozen plain
are great context clues that illustrate what a tundra is.
Context clues can also help you figure out the meaning of familiar words that are
commonly confused, like their, they’re, and there.
My mother sent a lovely letter on her lilac stationery.
Stationery and stationary are often confused. The word letter is a context clue letting
you know that in this case, we’re talking about paper (stationery), not “remaining
still” (stationary).
A context clue may be in the form of a synonym or an antonym. Remember, a synonym
is a word that means the same as another word, while an antonym means the opposite.
Read the following example.
Other context clues might be in the form of an analogy. An analogy is a comparison that
sets up a relationship between two things.
The Rules Committee is the backbone of our organization. Without the
oversight and the structure it provides, the organization would fall to pieces.
In this sentence, the Rules Committee is analogous to a backbone. You may not
know what the Rules Committee is, but a backbone is an essential and stabilizing
part of a skeleton. The Rules Committee must be an essential and stabilizing part
of the organization.
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In this example, the brothers are similar. The words tentative and hesitant, each
describing a brother, must be synonyms. If Kevin is hesitant to act, Jake must be
hesitant, too. This is exactly what tentative means.
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Jake was a tentative kind of guy. He must have learned it from his brother
Kevin, who is just as hesitant in most situations.
Lesson 1: Vocabulary Strategies
Another helpful way to decode unfamiliar words is to look for clues within them. Find the original
word, or word part, called the root. Many roots come from Greek and Latin and appear in
numerous English words. If you know the general meaning of a root, you can often determine the
meaning of the word.
To find the root of a word, remove any prefixes or suffixes. In the word maladjusted, the root is
“adjust.” Then take a look at its prefix and suffix, or affixes, for additional clues. In maladjusted,
the prefix is mal-.
mal + adjusted = maladjusted
You should recognize that the prefix mal- means “bad” or “wrong” (as in malfunction). So
maladjusted must mean “badly adjusted.”
Get familiar with roots and affixes that come from Greek and Latin. You will see them again and
again in vocabulary words. Here are some familiar ones.
Roots
Meaning
Examples
aud
to hear
audience, audiobook
bio
life
biodegradable, biology
chron
time
chronic, chronology
photo
light
photon, photography
spect
look at
retrospect, spectacle
vert
turn
introvert, revert
anti-
against
antiwar, antisocial
dis-
not
distasteful, dislike
inter-
between
intervene, interview
mono-
one
monochrome, monotone
pre-
before
preview, prepay
sub-
below
submarine, submerse
-ence
process of
emergence, allegiance
-ible
capable of
sensible, terrible
-ist
one who does something
activist, zoologist
-ive
being
intensive, restive
-ous
full of
joyous, raucous
-ward
in a specific direction
westward, inward
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Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
Prefixes
Suffixes
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Thinking It Through
Read the following paragraph, and then answer the question that follows.
The old man who lived at the end of the block was particularly irritable and unfriendly.
He was always yelling at kids passing by, and I never once saw him smile. Sometimes, when we
were younger, my friends and I would take a longer route home to avoid seeing him. Only the
most intrepid of us dared to get close to him. Now, I make a point of walking by his house,
waving, and saying hello when I see him. He never returns my greeting, but he doesn’t yell at
me, either.
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Hint The prefix in- means “not.”
Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
What does the word intrepid mean? Explain how you found your answer.
Lesson 1: Vocabulary Strategies
Coached Example
Read the passage and answer the questions.
Camellia knew what was coming. She had traveled this path before.
The girls were on the corner. They were pressed against each other,
cackling maliciously like a pack of hyenas. Several boys were nearby.
She was the outsider, having only recently moved to the neighborhood.
Her family had lived in Brownsville. Now, because of her father’s
work, they were in Jackson. To get to the store, Camellia needed to
cross their territory. Lightning zigzagged across the sky, complementing
the charged mood. She couldn’t avoid them, and they would make her
pay. These confrontations weren’t new to her. She was always the new
girl, her family moving around the way it did.
1.
What is the meaning of maliciously as it
is used in the passage?
2.
What is the meaning of complement as it
is used in the passage?
A. hilarious
A. accompany
B. savage
B. flatter
C. spiteful
C. accolade
D. unstoppable
D. celebrate
Hint Look for an analogy between the girls and hyenas.
Hint What other word is often confused with
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Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
complement ?
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Lesson Practice 1
Use the Reading Guide to help you understand the passage.
Look for context clues
to find the meaning of
an unfamiliar word.
Identifying the roots and
affixes in words will help
you understand their
meanings.
1
2
Which words in
paragraph 2 have
suffixes?
What synonyms and
antonyms are clues to
reveal the meaning of
conformist?
3
4
5
7
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6
Everyone is jealous of me. Everyone envies me. I have had so
much success. I’m just going to give you one instance, OK? You
probably know it anyway, or have heard about it. It’s the day I
went to the tryouts for a television talent show, and if I tell you
there was pressure, there was pressure.
Some people were talking about what we were up against—all
the contestants, that is. There were thousands of people. Not only
teenagers, but people in their twenties, too. Real professionals
with solid credentials from eminent music schools. Some were
philosophizing like they knew who would make it, saying, “Girl,
I can take one look at you and see that you’re not going to make
it.” Luckily, I’m not hypersensitive. I’m not sensitive at all! I
know my strengths. Honey, I know I can sing.
I endured for hours. It was the hottest day of the summer. I
waited and waited, in the heat, too, but I wasn’t losing my cool.
No way. When you’re destined to be a megastar, you don’t
back out.
If I tell you there were some characters there, there were
some characters. Some people do make spectacles of themselves,
however. Me, I’m definitely not a show boater like those fools.
But I’m no conformist either. I have my look, but it is cultivated
and it is refined. It works for me. End of story.
So, as I say, I waited. Finally they called my name. “Are you
ready?” they asked me. What do you think? I had been waiting all
this time! Yes, I was ready. I certainly didn’t have a phobia about
performing on stage. I was made for it. I ambled in there like I
did this all the time.
It was over in two minutes. “What do you want to sing?” they
asked. I told them. “OK, go to it,” they said.
I did four bars. I swear that’s all, and they said, “Girl, you’re
on to Hollywood!”
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Overconfident
Reading Guide
Lesson 1: Vocabulary Strategies
Answer the following questions.
1.
Read this sentence from the passage.
3.
Luckily, I’m not hypersensitive.
2.
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Duplicating any part of this book is prohibited by law.
But I’m no conformist either.
What does hypersensitive mean as it is
used in this sentence?
What does conformist mean as it is used
in this sentence?
A. sometimes sensitive
A. someone who conforms
B. a little sensitive
B. the act of conforming
C. not sensitive
C. able to conform
D. overly sensitive
D. not conforming
Read this sentence from the passage.
Some were philosophizing like
they knew who would make it.
5.
Read this sentence from the passage.
4.
Read this sentence from the passage.
Real professionals with solid
credentials from eminent music
schools.
Which is the BEST synonym for
philosophizing as it is used in
this sentence?
What does eminent mean as it is used in
this sentence?
A. moralizing
A. looming
B. speculating
B. renowned
C. pronouncing
C. eventual
D. meditating
D. impending
Read this sentence from the passage.
I certainly didn’t have a phobia about performing on stage.
Based on context clues in the passage, what does phobia mean? Explain your answer.
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