5
-minute
Choking and CPR
Care for choking adults and
children
1. S tand behind the victim with one leg forward
between the victim’s legs. Keep your head
slightly to one side and reach around
the abdomen.
2. Make a fist with one hand and grasp it with the
other (thumb side into abdomen) just above
the navel.
3. Thrust inward and upward into the abdomen
with quick jerks. Continue until the victim expels
the object or becomes unresponsive.
4. F or a responsive pregnant victim, or any victim
you cannot get your arms around, give chest
thrusts.
When you see a responsive adult or child
victim…
• Coughing, wheezing, having difficulty breathing
• Clutching at the throat
• Pale or bluish in coloring around mouth and
nail beds
Do this first:
1. If coughing, encourage continued coughing to
clear the object.
2. If not coughing, ask if the victim is choking or
can speak. If not, get victim’s consent and give
abdominal thrusts.
3. If the victim becomes unresponsive, call, or
have someone call 9-1-1. Then provide CPR,
beginning with chest compressions. Check
mouth for object before giving breaths.
Self-treating choking
If you are alone when choking,
give yourself abdominal thrusts
to try to expel the object. Lean
over and push your abdomen
against the back of a chair or
other firm object.
National Safety Council
1121 Spring Lake Drive, Itasca, IL 60143-3201
(800) 621-7619 | nsc.org
safety
talk
Care for choking infants
Techniques of CPR
If a choking infant can cry or cough, watch
carefully to see if the object comes out. If the
infant cannot cry or cough, follow the steps
for back slaps and chest thrusts. If the infant
becomes unresponsive, send someone to call
9-1-1, and give CPR. Check for an object in the
mouth before you give a breath, and remove any
object you see.
CPR alternates giving chest compressions and
rescue breaths. For a victim of any age, these
are the general steps of CPR:
1. Find the correct hand position in the middle
of the chest on the breastbone.
2. C
ompress the chest quickly and rhythmically
at a rate of at least 100 compressions per
minute for an adult, child or infant. Alternate
chest compressions and rescue breaths.
Choking in an infant
1. Support the infant’s head in one hand, with the
torso on your forearm and your thigh. Give up
to 5 back slaps between the shoulder blades.
2. C
heck to see if the object has been expelled.
If not, continue on.
3. With other hand on back of infant’s head, roll
the infant face up.
4. Give up to 5 chest thrusts with middle and ring
fingers. Check mouth for expelled object.
5. Repeat steps 1-4, alternating back slaps and
chest thrusts and checking the mouth. Continue
until the object is expelled or the infant
becomes unresponsive.
6. If the infant becomes unresponsive, call or have
someone call 9-1-1, then give CPR. Check
mouth for object before giving breaths.
CPR Essentials
Adults
Children
Infants
Compression
Heels
of both
hands
Heel of
one or two
hands
Two
fingers
Chest Depth
At least
2 in
About 2 in
depth of
chest
About
1.5 in
depth of
chest
Compression
to breaths
30 to 2
30 to 2
30 to 2
Hands-only CPR
If you are unable or unwilling to provide rescue
breaths with compressions on an adult victim,
perform “hands-only CPR” by compressing the
chest continuously at a rate of at least 100 per
minute. Compressions and breaths are preferred
for children and infants requiring CPR.
Knowledge and training is power. Every minute is
critical when someone is choking or needs CPR.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
CPR combines rescue breathing (to get oxygen
into the victim’s lungs) with chest compressions
(to pump the oxygenated blood to vital organs).
Give CPR to any victim who is not breathing or
not breathing normally. CPR is also used for an
unresponsive choking victim because the chest
compressions can expel a foreign object from the
victim’s airway. The specific steps for CPR are the
same for adults, children and infants.
It is important to learn and practice the skills for
all age groups.
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5
-minute
Asfixia y RCP
Atención de adultos y niños con
asfixia
1. Colóquese de pie detrás de la víctima con una
pierna hacia adelante entre las piernas de la
víctima. Mantenga la cabeza ligeramente hacia un
lado y rodee su abdomen con sus brazos.
2. Haga un puño con una mano y agárrelo con la
otra (el lado del pulgar en el abdomen) justo por
encima del ombligo.
3. Empuje hacia adentro y hacia arriba en el
abdomen con tirones rápidos. Continúe hasta que
la víctima expulse el objeto o no reaccione.
4. A una víctima embarazada que reacciona o a
cualquier otra a la que no pueda rodear con sus
brazos, presiónela en el tórax.
Cuando vea reaccionar a una víctima adulta o
infantil...
• que tose, jadea, tiene problemas para respirar;
• que se agarra la garganta;
• que tiene color pálido o azulado alrededor de la
boca y las uñas;
Primero debe hacer lo siguiente:
1. Si tose, estimúlelo para que siga tosiendo hasta
liberar el objeto.
2. Si no tose, pregunte si la víctima está ahogada
o puede hablar. Si no puede, obtenga el
consentimiento de la víctima y dele compresiones
abdominales.
3. Si la víctima no reacciona, llame o haga que
alguien llame al 911. Luego proporciónele RCP, con
compresiones torácicas primero. Revise la boca para
ver si hay algún objeto antes de dar insuflaciones.
Autotratamiento de la asfixia
Si está solo y se ahoga, hágase usted mismo
compresiones abdominales
para tratar de expulsar el objeto.
Inclínese hacia adelante y presione
su abdomen contra el respaldo de
una silla u otro objeto firme.
safety
talk
Atención de bebés con asfixia
Técnicas de RCP
Si un bebé con asfixia puede llorar o toser, obsérvelo
con atención para ver si el objeto sale. Si no puede
llorar ni toser, siga los pasos de dar palmadas en la
espalda y compresiones en el tórax. Si el bebé no
reacciona, envíe a alguien a llamar al 911 y dele
RCP. Verifique si hay algún objeto en la boca antes de
dar insuflaciones y quítelo si lo ve.
En la RCP se alterna entre dar compresiones
torácicas y respiraciones asistidas. En una víctima de
cualquier edad, estos son los pasos generales:
1. Encuentre la posición correcta para colocar la
mano: en la mitad del pecho sobre el esternón.
2. C
omprima el pecho en forma rápida y
acompasada a un ritmo de al menos 100
compresiones por minuto para un adulto, niño
o bebé. Alterne las compresiones torácicas con
respiraciones asistidas.
Ahogo en un bebé
1. Sostenga la cabeza del bebé con una mano,
mientras coloca el torso del niño sobre su
antebrazo y su muslo. Dele hasta 5 palmadas en
la espalda entre los omóplatos.
2. V erifique si el objeto ha sido expulsado.
Si no fuera así, continúe.
3. Con la otra mano en la parte posterior de la
cabeza del bebé, gire al bebé y colóquelo boca
arriba.
4. Dele hasta 5 compresiones torácicas con los
dedos medio y anular. Revise la boca para ver si
se expulsó el objeto.
5. Repita los pasos 1 a 4: alterne palmadas en la
espalda y compresiones torácicas, y revise la
boca. Siga hasta que se expulse el objeto o hasta
que el bebé ya no reaccione.
6. Si el bebé no responde, llame o haga que alguien
llame al 911, luego dele RCP. Revise la boca para
ver si hay
algún objeto
antes de dar
insuflaciones.
Resucitación Cardiopulmonar
La RCP combina respiración artificial (para que
ingrese oxígeno a los pulmones de la víctima) con
compresiones torácicas (para bombear la sangre
oxigenada a los órganos vitales). Dé RCP a una
víctima que no esté respirando o que no lo haga
en forma normal. La RCP también se practica en
una víctima con ahogo que no reacciona porque las
compresiones torácicas pueden hacer expulsar un
objeto extraño de las vías respiratorias. Los pasos
específicos para dar RCP son los mismos para
adultos, niños y bebés. Es importante aprender y
practicar las técnicas para todos los grupos etarios.
Fundamentos
de la RCP
Adultos
Niños
Bebés
Compresión
La base
de ambas
manos
La base de
una o dos
manos
Dos dedos
Profundidad del
pecho
Al
menos 2
pulgadas
Alrededor
de 2
pulgadas
de profundidad del
pecho
Alrededor
de 1.5
pulgadas de
profundidad
del pecho
30 a 2
30 a 2
30 a 2
Compresión a
insuflaciones
RCP sólo con las manos
Si no puede o no desea brindar respiración artificial
con compresiones a una víctima adulta, realice la
"RCP sólo con las manos" mediante la compresión
continua del pecho a un ritmo de al menos 100 por
minuto. Se prefieren las compresiones y las
insuflaciones en niños y bebés que requieren RCP.
El conocimiento y la capacitación dan poder. Cada
minuto es esencial cuando alguien se ahoga o
necesita RCP.
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National Safety Council
1121 Spring Lake Drive, Itasca, IL 60143-3201
(800) 621-7619 | nsc.org
members get more
Preparing today
can make a difference tomorrow
On any given day, anything can happen, from a slip and fall at home
to a natural disaster near your workplace. By assessing potential risks
and having a plan to respond, you will be steps ahead in the event of an
incident, wherever it occurs.
Get Trained in First Aid and CPR
Even the fastest paramedics could take 8 to 12 minutes to get to a patient
after calling 9-1-1. Being trained in first aid and CPR could mean the
difference between life and death.
When trained in first aid, the following steps are helpful in the event an
emergency:
• Recognize the emergency
• Check the area for safety (If it’s not safe, don’t enter)
• Check the victim and ask for permission to provide assistance
• Call 9-1-1 when appropriate
• Care for the person
• Have the person seek medical attention when needed
When calling 9-1-1, be prepared to give this information to the dispatcher:
• Your name
• The phone number you are using
• The location and number of victims
• The victim’s approximate age, sex and condition (Responsive?
Breathing? Bleeding?)
• What happened to the victim and any special circumstances
• What is being done for the victim
The dispatcher may also give you instructions on how to help the victim.
Stay on the line until the dispatcher says you can hang up.
First aid and CPR training gives you the skills you need to handle life’s
everyday bumps and bruises, and the confidence to respond quickly and
correctly to more serious injuries and life-threatening situations that can
occur. Learn more at nsc.org/trainFA.
Be Prepared for Emergencies
Preparation is key when seconds count. When it comes to natural
disasters, be sure to keep a fully stocked emergency preparedness kit
in your home and vehicle with supplies such as food, water, necessary
medications, a battery powered radio, a flashlight and a first aid kit.
Just like you participate in emergency drills at work, be sure to practice
with your family. A home fire plan should include checking that smoke
detectors are working properly; drawing a diagram of your home, marking
the locations of windows and doors; planning two escape routes out of
every room; setting up an outside meeting place for after an escape; and
practicing the escape plan regularly. Make sure even children know what
designated phone number to call in the event your family is separated,
and plan for the needs of older family members and pets.
FA S T
S TAT:
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S.
resulting in more than 600,000 deaths in 2014 alone.
Source: NSC analysis of NCHS mortality data
G R E E N
C R O S S
TIP :
Knowing the following information will be beneficial in the
event of an emergency. Have it readily available in your
home, your vehicle’s glove box, your wallet and/or on a
cell phone app:
• In case of emergency contact information
• Phone numbers for doctors, fire, police, poison control,
9-1-1 etc.
• Medical conditions, medications being taken and allergies
National Safety Council | 1121 Spring Lake Drive | Itasca, IL 60143 | nsc.org
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Know How to Help a Choking Victim
Choking is the fourth leading cause of unintentional death in the U.S.,
according to Injury Facts ®. The risk is not only for young children, but
actually begins to rise for those 45 and older. Knowing how to help a
choking victim, who may even be yourself, can save a life.
Checklist for caring for an adult choking victim:
• If the person is coughing productively, encourage continued coughing
to expel the obstructing item on his or her own.
• If the person cannot cough, speak, or breathe, looks frantic or signals
he or she is not getting enough air:
† Ask if the person is choking. If the victim nods or indicates
yes, ask if you can help.
† Take position behind the victim: stand with one foot forward,
placing your foot between; the person’s heels.
† Make a fist with one hand and place it just above the navel.
Place your other hand on top of your fist and give quick
thrusts inward and upward to clear the object.
• If a choking victim becomes unresponsive, give CPR starting with
chest compressions. Look inside the mouth each time you open the
mouth to give breaths and remove any objects seen.
If you’re the only rescuer, perform abdominal thrusts before calling
9-1-1 or your local emergency number. If another person is with you,
have that person call for help while you perform first aid. If the person
becomes unconscious, perform standard CPR with chest compressions
and rescue breaths.
Checklist for self-treating choking
If you are choking and alone:
† Try to remain as calm as possible.
† If a telephone is nearby, call 9-1-1 or your local emergency number
immediately. Even if you can’t speak, this will prompt a response by
police to your location.
† Try to expel the object by finding a hard corner surface, such as a
countertop, chair or edge of a table.
† Lean over and push your abdomen against the back of the chair or
other firm object.
When seconds count, being prepared for these types of first aid
emergencies can mean the difference between life and death. Being
trained in first aid and CPR allows you to help protect your family,
friends and co-workers.
National Safety Council | 1121 Spring Lake Drive | Itasca, IL 60143 | nsc.org
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When Seconds Matter,
Will You Be Ready?
Keep emergency
numbers nearby
Always watch
children around
water
Become certified in
First Aid and CPR
nsc.org/safe4life
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#safe4life
Don’t Choke!
Act Fast When
Someone Is in Distress
1
Encourage coughing when someone chokes.
It helps expel the obstructing item.
2
erform Abdominal
P
thrusts if they can’t cough,
speak or breathe:
a. Stand behind the victim
b. P
lace one foot forward
between the person’s heels
c. M
ake a fist with one hand
and place it just above the navel
2a
2c
d. P
lace your other hand on
top of your fist
2d
e. G
ive quick thrusts inward
and upward to clear the object
3
2e
2b
all 9-1-1 and begin
C
CPR immediately
if the victim becomes
unresponsive.
CHOKING IS THE
#4 CAUSE OF
UNINTENTIONAL DEATH.
The universal sign for choking is
hands clutched to the throat.
Recognize the danger & act quickly.
You could save a life.
For more information on this and other safety topics,
please log on to the member-exclusive website at nsc.org.
SOURCE: FIRST AID FOR CHOKING CHECKLIST
900008553 0316 ©2016 National Safety Council
¡No se atragante!
Actúe rápido cuando
alguien está en peligro
1
Cuando alguien se esté atragantando debe incitarlo a toser.
Esto ayuda a expulsar el elemento de obstrucción.
2
i la persona no puede
S
toser, hablar o respirar,
realice empujes abdominales:
a. C
olóquese detrás de la víctima
b. C
oloque un pie adelante entre los
talones de la persona
c. H
aga un puño con una mano y
colóquelo justo encima del ombligo de
la persona
2a
d. C
oloque su otra mano encima de su
puño
2c
2d
e. D
é empujones rápidos hacia
adentro y hacia arriba a fin de
remover el objeto
3
2e
2b
i la víctima deja de
S
responder llame al 9-1-1 y
comience inmediatamente
la Reanimación
Cardiopulmonar (CPR, por
sus siglas en inglés).
EL ATRAGANTAMIENTO
ES LA CAUSA N.°4 DE
MUERTES NO INTENCIONALES.
El símbolo universal del atragantamiento
son unas manos apretando la garganta.
Reconozca el peligro y actúe con rapidez.
Usted puede salvar una vida.
Para obtener más información sobre éste y otros temas de seguridad,
ingrese al sitio web exclusivo para miembros: nsc.org.
FUENTE: LISTA DE VERIFICACIÓN PARA PRIMEROS AUXILIOS EN CASO DE ATRAGANTAMIENTO
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