ЮБИЛЕИ
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE —
THE GENIUS OF THE CENTURY
Вертипорох Н. Г., Мигаль С. Г.
Цели урока: развивать навыки
чтения; активизировать изученный
лексико-грамматический материал;
формировать навыки анализа прочитанных произведений, сонетов;
акцентировать внимание на умении вести дискуссию, тренировать
учащихся в речевой деятельности
с опорой на тексты.
Epigraph: He was not of an age
but for all time. (Benjamin Johnson,
a playwright and a player)
his life. He was born on April 23,
1564 in Stratford-on-Avon. His
mother, Mary Arden, was a daughter of a farmer.
His father, John Shakespeare,
was a glover who had an office at
Stratford-on-Avon.
Little is known about William’s
childhood. He got education at the
Grammar school. He got married to
Anne Hathaway and he had three
children, a boy and two girls.
William lived in Stratford unPROCEDURE
til he was about 21, then he went
to London. There is a story that
I. WARMING UP
William’s first work in London
T. The English Renaissance
was holding rich men’s horses at
gave birth to an amazing galaxy
the theatre door. But nobody can
of great writers, but William
say whether this story is true.
Shakespeare outshines them all.
Later Shakespeare became an
Portrait of William Shakespeare,
He had a greater influence on attributed to John Taylor
actor and the member of the big
the development of the whole of
acting company. Soon he began to
world literature than any other author.
write plays for this company and in a few years became
His work was greatly appreciated by both: by his a well known author. Shakespeare’s work as an actor
contemporaries and modern writers.
helped him in writing of his plays. He knew the stage
“Among all famous people Shakespeare is the and that helped him to write the most wonderful plays
most mysterious one. The only thing we know about ever written. Shakespeare wrote 37 plays. Among
him is that he lived and suffered” (James Joyce, them are tragedies, comedies such as The Merry Wives
20th century)
of Windsor, All’s Well That Ends Well, Twelfth Night,
Ben Johnson, a great writer of plays, called Shake- or, What You Will, Much Ado About Nothing; historispeare “Sweet Swan of Avon”. Shakespeare has been cal dramas such as Henry IV, Richard III. He is also
known as the “Sweet Swan of Avon” ever since. Who famous as the author of two poems and 154 sonnets.
was that William Shakespeare of Stratford? What do
Shakespeare spent the last years of his life at
you know about him? Although we know more about Stratford, where he died in 1616. He was buried in
him than most of his contemporaries there are certain the church of Stratford. A monument was built to
things that historians can’t say with the firm. While him in the Poet’s Corner in Westminster Abbey.
reading any biographical book about William ShakeShakespeare was a great humanist. He believed in
speare, we may be surprised at a much number of sen- man and wished to make life better for the people of
tences as “It is possible that…”, “We have no trace of his country.
what Shakespeare did during these years”.
1. What place does Shakespeare take in world literature?
II. MAIN PART OF LESSON
2. What time is called the age of Shakespeare?
Listening task
3. When and where was Shakespeare born?
4. Where did he live?
Listen to the text and find the answers to the
5. What do you know about his family?
questions.
6. What did he do in London?
The last half of the 16th century and the begin7. What helped him to write so wonderful plays?
ning of 17th is sometimes called the age of Shake8. Where did he die?
speare.
9. Why did we say that Shakespeare was a great huAlthough the name of William Shakespeare is
manist?
well-known in the world we know very little about
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. ВСЁ ДЛЯ УЧИТЕЛЯ!
27
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ЮБИЛЕИ
Reading
In one’s salad days — in one’s youth (“Anthony
and Cleopatra”)
In one’s heart of hearts — secretly (“Hamlet”)
Second to none — the very best (“A Comedy of
Errors”)
A horse of another colour — a very different matter (“The Twelfth Night”)
It’s Greek to me — it’s unintelligible (“Julius
Caesar”)
I have not slept a wink — I have not slept at all
(“Coriolanus”)
Eat (a person) out of house and home — eat so
much that one will have to part with house and
home in order to pay for it (“King Henry IV”)
Have no stomach for a fight — be unwilling to
fight (“Henry V”)
Bard — poet, here Shakespeare
Lean — thin, without much flesh
Pre-reading task
T. Which famous quotations by William Shakespeare do you remember? (Students can say these
phrases in their native language.)
THANK YOU,
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE!
I doubt that there’s anyone reading this who goes
through a normal day’s conversation without quoting Shakespeare. Once in a while we realize we’re doing this, but most of the time we lift his lines to season our speech without the slightest thought of the
source.
When you call a man a “rotten apple”, a “blinking idiot…” When you proclaim him a “man of few
words…” When you speak of “cold comfort”, “grim
necessity”, the “mind’s eye”, “holding your tongue”,
“suiting the action to the words…” When you refer
to your “salad days” or “heart of hearts…” When you
say about “the beginning of the end” or “life’s uncertain voyage…” You’re quoting Shakespeare.
When you use such expressions as “poor but
honest”, “in a word”, “second to none”, “a horse of
another colour”, “what’s done is done…”
When you say something is “Greek to me”, or it’s
a “mad world…”
When you complain that you “haven’t slept
a wink” or that your family is “eating you out of
house and home”, or you’ve “seen better days…”
When you speak of a coward “showing his heels”
or having “no stomach for a fight…”
When you nod wisely and say “Love is blind” or
“truth will come to light…”
You are borrowing your witty expressions from
the Bard. Without him to put the words in our
mouths, we would have a lean and hungry look.
(From “Thank You, William Shakespeare!”
by Guy Wright)
Vocabulary
In my mind’s eye — in my imagination; in my
mind (“Hamlet”)
William Shakespeare’s birthplace
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Post-reading task
T. Give the Russian equivalents of the following
quotations by W. Shakespeare. Choose one and use it
in a paragraph of your own.
1. What a piece of work is man! (“Hamlet”)
2. Better three hours too soon than a minute too
late. (“The Merry Wives of Windsor”)
3. All’s well that ends well. (“All’s Well That Ends
Well”)
4. Men of few words are the best men. (“Henry V”)
5. Brevity is the soul of wit. (“Hamlet”)
6. What is done can’t be undone (“Macbeth”)
7. Time is the nurse and the breeder of all good (“The
two gentlemen of Verona”)
8. When sorrows come,they come not single spies,but
in battalions. (“Hamlet”)
Writing
The students are to write a paragraph using a quotation from Shakespeare. As the following up activity
the students are to learn some of quotations of Shakespeare by heart.
Listen to teacher’s story and fill in the box.
CHARACTERISTIC OF SHAKESPEARE’S
LITERARY WORK
T. Shakespeare’s literary work may be divided
into four periods. The first period dates from the beginning of his literary career to 1594. “Richard III”
remains one of his most popular and most frequently
staged works. The second period dates back to 1594–
1600. The two tragedies “Romeo and Juliet” and “Julius Caesar” appeared at that time.
During the third period of his literary career, from
1600 to 1608, Shakespeare wrote the great tragedies
that were the pear of his achievement, and made him
truly immortal: “Hamlet”, “Macbeth” “King Lear”,
“Timon of Athens”.
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АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. ВСЁ ДЛЯ УЧИТЕЛЯ!
ЮБИЛЕИ
Globe theatre
Shakespeare’s sonnets can’t be placed among his
best works; but they occupy a unique place in his
heritage.
The last period of Shakespeare’s career is characterized by a considerable change in the style of the
drama. The plays are poetic and all of them have happy endings. The play that was probably the last one
written by him, the play in which he bids farewell to
the theatre is one of the most profound and significant he ever wrote. It is “The Tempest”.
to 1594
1594–1600
1600–1608
1608–1616
Reading
Students work in groups, they are to read the text
about Shakespeare’s play “Hamlet’ and answer the
questions.
1. What makes the figure of Hamlet tragic and attractive?
2. What universal problems are raised in “Hamlet”?
3. Why is his speech so famous?
HAMLET
“Hamlet” is the most famous, the most popular
play in the English language. For the mass of readers
and of playgoers it has no rival, even among Shakespeare’s works.
What are the reasons for this unique fame? First,
undoubtedly, stands the character of Hamlet himself.
The figure of Hamlet is one of the very few immortal
figures of art and poetry, like Cervantes’ Don Quixote and Goethe’s Faust: a supreme embodiment of the
universal in the individual.
Hamlet, a Danish prince, because of certain extremely disturbing personal experiences, the death
of his father and his mother’s marriage to his uncle,
came to see his world in a different way. This new
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. ВСЁ ДЛЯ УЧИТЕЛЯ!
vision affected everything: his attitude to his friends
and family, his feeling about sex, his view of the
court and its politics, his image of himself.
Hamlet was the hope of Denmark, with his rich
gifts of intellect and imagination, his generosity and
most moral nature. But the shock of his mother’s
marriage, the suspicion that his uncle was guilty of
murder and disappointment in people made him lose
faith in humanity and fall into a mood of depression.
Hamlet is an essentially tragic figure. He fulfilled
the task which was laid upon him — to revenge his
father’s murder — but fulfilled it at an appalling and
needless cost: the lives of his mother, Ophelia, Polonius, Guildenstern, and himself. Hamlet’s constant
doubts, hesitations and self-reproaches paralyzed his
actions when it was necessary to act quickly and led
to several unnecessary deaths.
The play is full of the wisdom of life. The questions with which Hamlet confronts us are those which
seek an answer in every heart. The problem of ‘to be
or not to be’, the problem of life’s inequalities and injustices, of the sufferings of the innocent, the sense
of the world’s beauty and wonder, of man’s glorious
attributes and, on the other hand, the mystery of the
power of evil: these are things that touch all, that always interest mankind.
Hamlet
To be or not to be: that is the question;
Whether it is nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, or
To take arms against a sea of troubles,
And by opposing end them? to die: to sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-acke and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to, its a consummation
Devoutly to be wished.
To die, to sleep…o die, to sleep.
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Гамлет
Быть иль не быть — таков вопрос;
Что благородней духом — покорятся
Пращам и стрелам яростной судьбы
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ЮБИЛЕИ
Act II, Scene 1 “Romeo and Juliet”
Иль, ополчась на море смут, сразить их
Противоборством? Умереть, уснуть —
И только; и сказать, что сном кончаешь
Тоску и тысячу природных мук,
Наследье плоти, — как такой развязки
Не жаждать? Умереть, уснуть. Уснуть!
R o m e o (coming forward)
He jests at scars that never felt a wound
Juliet appears above at the window.
Listening activity
Before reading the extract from “Romeo and Juliet” the students enjoy balcony scene from this famous
play and the song from the film “Romeo and Juliet”.
T. All know that the best-known love story off all
centuries was the one of Romeo and Juliet’s. So, let’s
enjoy the balcony scene from this famous play and the
song from the film “Romeo and Juliet”.
A SONG FROM THE FILM
“ROMEO AND JULIET”
What is the youth? Infatuated fire.
What is the maid? Ice and desire.
The world works on,
A rose will bloom,
It then will fade.
So does the youth,
So does the fairest maid.
Comes the time
When one sweet smile
Has its season for a while,
Then love’s in love with me.
Some may think only to merry
Others with tears and terry,
Mine is the very best fairy,
Cupid he rules us all.
Caper, the caper,
Sing me the song
Death will come soon to hush us alone
Sweeter than honey and bitter as gall.
Love is the passed time that never will call,
Sweeter than honey and bitter as gall.
Cupid he rules us all.
Juliet
Ah! Me!
Romeo
She speaks:
Oh, speak again, bright angel!
For thou art as glorious to this night,
being o’ve my head
As is a winged messenger of Heaven.
Juliet
Oh, Romeo, Romeo!
Wherefore art thou Romeo?
Deny thy father and refuse thy name:
Or, if thou wilt not, be then sworn my love:
And I’ll no longer be a Capulet.
R o m e o (aside)
Shall I hear more, or shall I speak at this?
The Royal Shakespeare Theatre alongside the River Avon
№ 4 (4) апрель 2012 г.
But soft!
What light through yonder window breaks?
It is the east, and Juliet is the sun!
Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,
Who is already sick and pale with grief,
That thou, her maid art far more fair than she:
It is my lady; Oh, it is my love!
Oh, that she knew she were!
She speaks, yet she says nothing: what of that?
Her eye discourses, I will answer her,
I am too bold: t’s not to me she speaks.
See, how she leans her cheek upon her hand!
Oh, if I were a glove upon that hand!
That I might touch her cheek!
Shakespeare’s grave
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АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. ВСЁ ДЛЯ УЧИТЕЛЯ!
ЮБИЛЕИ
Juliet
‘Tis but thy name that is my enemy
Thou art thyself though, not a Montague.
What’s Montague? It is nor hand, nor foot
Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part
Belonging to a man. Oh, be some other name!
What’s in a name!That which we call a rose
By any other name would smell as sweet,
So Romeo would, were he not Romeo called
Retain the dear perfection, which he has
Without that title: Romeo, off thy name:
And for that name, which is not part of thee,
Take all myself.
Romeo
I take thee at thy word:
Call me but love, and I’ll be new baptised;
Henceforth I never will be Romeo.
Juliet
What man art thou, that thus be screened in the
night. So stumblest on my counsel?
Reading
Read the text and do the following tasks.
ROMEO AND JULIET
In the town of Verona, in Italy, there were two
rich families, the Capulets and the Montagues. There
was an old quarrel between those two families and
when a Capulet met a Montague, they always began
to fight. There was a daughter, Juliet by name, in
the Capulet family, who was fourteen years old at the
time of the story, and a son, Romeo, in the Montague
family, who was sixteen.
One day old Capulet made a great supper and invited many people to it but no one from the house
of the Montagues. When dancing began, Romeo saw
a young and very beautiful girl whom he did not know.
This was Juliet, and Romeo fell in love with her.
Juliet could not sleep that night; she fell in love
with Romeo too. She went up to the window of her
room and from there she saw Romeo in the garden.
They talked about their love and the quarrel between
their families. Romeo asked Juliet to marry him.
They decided that nobody must know about their love
and about their plan to marry.
Dicksee. Romeo and Juliet. 1884
3. Juliet belonged to the Montague family.
4. Juliet was fifteen years old.
5. One day old Capulet made a great birthday party.
6. Juliet’s father invited Romeo to his house.
7. Romeo saw Juliet and fell in love with her.
8. They decided to marry.
9. Romeo and Juliet met in the centre of the town.
Keys: 1 False, …in Italy; 2 False, …a quarrel; False,
…to the Capulet family; 4 False, she was 14 years old;
5 False, a great supper; 6 False, he didn’t invite him;
7 True; 8 True; 9 False, in the garden.
Vocabulary
the Capulets — Капулетти
the Montagues — Монтекки
Juliet — Джульетта
Romeo — Ромео
Post-reading task
Is it true or false? Correct false sentences.
1. In the town of Verona, in England, there were two
rich families, the Capulets and the Montagues.
2. There was a deep friendship between those two
families.
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. ВСЁ ДЛЯ УЧИТЕЛЯ!
31
Find synonyms to the following words.
1) disagreement, argument;
2) to struggle;
3) pretty.
Keys: 1 quarrel; 2 to fight; 3 beautiful.
Find antonyms to the following words.
1) poor;
2) to end, to finish;
3) to love.
Keys: 1 rich; 2 to start, to begin; 3 to hate.
Answer the questions.
1. What do you know about Juliet?
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ЮБИЛЕИ
2. What do you know about Romeo?
3. When did Romeo and Juliet meet for the first
time?
4. What did they talk about in the garden?
Recall the situations in which you came across the
following expressions.
1) an old quarrel;
2) to make a great supper;
3) to fall in love;
4) to marry (somebody);
5) to decide.
Keys
1) an old quarrel (In the town of Verona, in Italy,
there were two rich families; there was an old
quarrel between them.);
2) to make a great supper (One day old Capulet made
a great supper and invited many people to it, but
no one of the house of the Montagues.)
3) to fall in love (When dancing began, Romeo saw
Juliet and fell in love with her.);
4) to marry (somebody) (Romeo met Juliet in the
garden and asked her to marry him.);
5) to decide (They decided that nobody must know
about their love and about their plan to marry.).
Mr. William Shakespeare. Scholars have also analysed
the sonnets to determine to what extent they are autobiographical. But their analyses have proved contradictory and generally unsatisfactory. Many critics
suggest that readers simply enjoy the sonnets as some
of the finest verse in English literature instead of examining the poems as autobiographical statements.
1. What thoughts are covered under the dress of
Shakespeare’s sonnets?
2. What do you feel while reading them?
Listening the sonnets
The students listen to Shakespeare’s sonnets in the
original and to the translations into Russian.
Render the first part of the text using the plan.
1. The old quarrel between the families of the Capulets and the Montagues.
2. The great supper at the Capulets’ house.
3. Romeo falls in love with Juliet.
4. Romeo meets Juliet in the garden.
T. Shakespeare’s sonnets are not considered to be
the best of his works but everyone who has read some
of his sonnets will never forget them.
In 1609, a London publisher named
Thomas Thorpe published a book called
“Shakespeare’s Sonnets”. It contained
more than 150 sonnets that W. Shakespeare had written over the years.
Scholars have long
been especially curious about the dedication T. Thorpe wrote
to the book. It reads
“To the only begetter of these ensuing
sonnets Mr. William
Shakespeare”.
Generations of
researchers
have
Title page from 1609 edition
failed to identify
of Shakespeare’s Sonnets
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SONNET 138
When my love swears that she is made of truth,
I do believe her, though I know she lies,
That she might think me some untutored youth,
Unlearned is the world’s false subtleties.
Thus vainly thinking that she thinks me young,
Although she knows my days are past the best,
Simply I credit her false-speaking tongue:
On both sides thus is simple truth suppressed.
But wherefore say not
I that I am old?
Oh, love’s best habit is in seeming trust,
And age in love loves not to have years told.
Therefore I lie with her and she with me,
And in our faults by lies we flattered be.
СОНЕТ 138
Когда клянешься мне, что вся ты сплошь
Служить достойна правды образцом,
Я верю, хоть и вижу, как ты лжешь,
Вообразив меня слепым юнцом.
Польщенный тем, что я еще могу
Казаться юным правде вопреки,
Я сам себе в своем тщеславье лгу,
И оба мы от правды далеки.
Не скажешь ты, что солгала мне вновь,
И мне признать свой возраст смысла нет.
Доверьем мнимым держится любовь,
А старость, полюбив, стыдится лет.
Я лгу тебе, ты лжешь невольно мне,
И, кажется, довольны мы вполне!
Перевод С. Маршака
SONNET 91
Some glory in their birth, some in their skill,
Some in their wealth, some in their body’s force;
Some in their garments, though new-fangled ill;
Some in their hawks and hounds, some in their horse
And every human hath his adjunct pleasure,
Wherein it finds a joy above the rest:
But these particulars are not my measure;
All these I better in one general best.
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. ВСЁ ДЛЯ УЧИТЕЛЯ!
ЮБИЛЕИ
The love is better than high birth to me,
Richer than wealth, prouder than garments’ cost,
Of more delight than hawks and horses be:
And having thee, of all mean’s pride I boast.
Ah, do not, when my heart hath’ scaped this sorrow,
Come in the rearward of a conquer’d woe;
Give not a windy night a rainy morrow,
To linger out a purposed overthrow.
Wretched in this alone, that thou mayst take
All this away, and me most wretched make.
If thou wilt leave me,do not leave me last,
When other petty griefs have done their spite,
But in the onset come: so shall I taste
At first the very worst of fortune’s might;
СОНЕТ 91
Кто хвалится родством своим со знатью,
Кто силой, кто блестящим галуном,
Кто кошельком, кто пряжками на платье,
Кто соколом, собакой, скакуном.
And other strains of woe, which now seem woe,
Compared with loss of thee will not seem so.
СОНЕТ 90
Есть у людей различные пристрастья,
Но каждому милей всего одно.
А у меня особенное счастье —
В нем остальное все заключено.
Уж если ты разлюбишь, — так теперь,
Теперь, когда весь мир со мной в раздоре.
Будь самой горькой из моих потерь,
Но только не последней каплей горя!
Твоя любовь, мой друг, дороже клада,
Почетнее короны королей,
Наряднее богатого наряда,
Охоты соколиной веселей.
И если скорбь дано мне превозмочь,
Не наноси удары из засады,
Пусть бурная не разрешится ночь
Дождливым утром — утром без отрады.
Ты можешь все отнять чем я владею,
И в этот миг я сразу обeднею.
Перевод С. Маршака
T. Love is an incredible source of inspiration for
many outstanding poets. At that moment every poet
becomes dreamy, writes most of his ingenious masterpieces. William Shakespeare depicted all the peculiarities of love. And it’s quite necessary to pay attention to the sonnets written by William Shakespeare,
where you can read about the endless connection of
Love and Lie.
Speaking
T. You have turned one more page reading Shakespeare. Share your impressions with us.
S1. He is a great English writer famous all over
the world. People love him very much. So my words
will change nothing. But I am extremely happy that
I have such an opportunity to share my opinions with
you. Frankly speaking, I cannot tell you how much
I’m fond of his works. They are remarkable and full
of love. I was very excited while reading them. One
must admit he appreciated such moral values as Faith,
Hope and Love.
S2. When I read some of his sonnets, I realized
that there’s nothing like love and we just can’t stop
it. It is wonderful to live and love. Mainly these works
help me to survive in our pell-mell life. Well, now
I know love can do everything.
Listening
The students listen to teacher’s reading of the famous sonnet.
SONNET 90
Then hate me when thou wilt; if ever, now
Now, while the world is bent my deeds to cross,
Join with the spite of fortune,make me bow’
And do not drop in for an after-loss:
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. ВСЁ ДЛЯ УЧИТЕЛЯ!
Оставь меня, но не в последний миг,
Когда от мелких бед я ослабею,
Оставь сейчас, чтоб сразу я постиг,
Что это горе всех невзгод больнее.
Что нет невзгод, а есть одна беда —
Твоей любви лишиться навсегда.
Перевод С. Маршака
Writing activity
Imagine that you are wrtiting a letter to W. Shakespeare. You are his real admirer.
Possible answer
If I lived at the time of William Shakespeare,
I would be his real admirer.
Dear Mr. Shakespeare!
A book of your sonnets had just come at hand.
Great! I had a magical evening and I felt that I just had
to write and tell you how wonderful your sonnets are.
I hope you don’t mind my writing to you. I’m
sure you get thousands of letters. It would be great
to learn more about you.
And I would be very grateful if you could write
back to me but I understand if you are too busy.
Thank you again for a wonderful evening. Good
luck in your future career.
III. SUMMING UP
T. You’ve had a great chance to admire the great
works of the great master. I’m sure his plays and
sonnets have touched on the deepest corners of your
hearts.
Home assignment
The students are supposed to prepare a report on
the topic “Shakespeare’s works in the translations of
Russian poets”.
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