January 06, 2016
Skills Book
Section IV:
Reading Comprehension
Understanding Literature
Review
January 06, 2016
Author's Point of View
Authors often express a point of view, or OPINION.
Each opinion statement should be supported by at least
one fact.
Most people that have pets, have a cat or a dog. People disagree all the
time as to which pet is best. Cats make the best pet! There are many
reasons why cats are the best pet. Cats are very independent. If you go
on vacation, you can leave extra food and water and have a friend
occasionally check on the cat. On the other hand, dogs need to be
kenneled, which costs a lot of
money. Watching a cat play with a string or ball is very entertaining. You
can sit back and enjoy the cat. However, a dog needs a person to play
with and usually won't play alone. On a cold winter's night, there's
nothing better than to have your cat snuggled on your lap purring
contentedly. If you are trying to choose between a cat or a dog for a pet,
cats make the best pet!
What's the author's point of view?
What is the primary reason why cats make
the best pet?
What's another good reason cats make good
pets?
Why did this person write this piece?
January 06, 2016
Technical Directions
To understand and explain the use of a simple mechanical
device.
· Always read completely through the directions once before
beginning to follow them
Write out step-by-step
directions of how to
get to your house
from MCMS.
January 06, 2016
Bias and Stereotyping
Bias: Strong Inclination toward a point of view
Stereotyping: Jumping to a conclusion about some people because they
belong to a specific group
Are you a big man with a big appetite? Don’t eat a girly salad! Come on down to the Beef Hut,
and the gals in back will whip you up a meal you’ll never forget!
Who is the most discriminated against in the advertisement?
A. men
B. children
C. women
D. the elderly
Shelby noticed that her dogs were never excited to see her when she came home. She always
went straight to the kitchen to get herself a snack and sat in front of the television until her
parents came home. It wasn’t her job to feed the dogs or give them snacks, and she didn’t
really like to pet them or play with them in the afternoons. So, the dogs just lay on the carpet
until it was dinnertime.
Which statement leads to stereotypical thinking?
A. Shelby is tired after school.
B. Shelby is hungry when she gets home.
C. Dogs are lazy.
D. Dogs are good pets.
January 06, 2016
Forms of Literature
Short Story: brief work of fiction
Novel: extended work of fiction
Novella: shorter than novel
Essay: limited topics with different purposes
January 06, 2016
Plot
Story Line with a series of related events
Beginning (Exposition)
Rising Action
Turning Point (Climax)
Falling Action
Conclusion (Resolution)
January 06, 2016
Characterization
Revealed through:
thoughts
words/speech patterns
actions
other characters
narrator's description
January 06, 2016
Themes
Main Idea or Meaning BEHIND the event…think
universal ideas, not ideas too specific to the
story itself.
January 06, 2016
Narrative Points of View
First Person Point of View: I, me, my, we, us
Third Person Limited: An observer of the action; he, she,
they, their
Third Person Omniscient (all knowing): An outsider who sees
into the minds of characters
January 06, 2016
Responding to Literature
Analysis through characterization, plot, setting, theme
January 06, 2016
Latin & Greek Roots
Unit 16-20
Corrections
January 06, 2016
Unit 16:
Exercise I
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. The dream impressed itself strongly upon my mind because it was so
dramatic.
2. Ty often got what he wanted through brute strength rather than
careful thought.
3. The gravity of the town's economic situation became clear when the
banks closed.
4. The feather seemed to levitate in midair rather than fly attached to a
bird's wing.
5. Because the king had oppressed his subjects for years, they rebelled
and formed a new government.
6. My instructor elevated the piano bench so that she could sit more
comfortably while practicing.
7. In order to gain some leverage during her job interview, Larissa
researched the company the night before.
8. The brutality of the crime described in the newspaper made many
readers upset about the events.
9. To alleviate some of his stress headaches, John decided to go to
yoga regularly to relax.
10. When we saw the doctor's grave expression, we wondered if we
would need new medication.
January 06, 2016
Unit 16:
Exercise II
1. grave
2. elevate
3. oppress
4. levitated
5. alleviate
6. brute
7. impress
8. brutality
9. leverage
10. gravity
January 06, 2016
Unit 16:
Exercise III
1. A: grave; alleviate
2. C: leverage; impress
3. B: elevate; gravity
4. D: levitate; brute
5. D: brutality; oppressed
January 06, 2016
Unit 16:
Exercise IV
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. If Charlie seems grave when he boards the bus, his classmates
might assume that something is wrong.
2. Because Constance wanted to alleviate the poverty of the
beggar, she gave him new clothes and took him to dinner.
3. If a group of people feels oppressed because they cannot
practice their religion, they might rebel agains their government.
January 06, 2016
Unit 16:
Exercise V
In the paragraphs:
1. impress
2. alleviate
3. elevate
4. grave
In the questions:
1. C: They want advice for major decisions.
2. A: There is no realistic way to predict the future.
3. B: The Truth of Fortune-Telling
4. B: They should consider fortune-tellers entertainment only.
January 06, 2016
Unit 16:
Exercise VI
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. levity: light-heartedness
2. suppress: stop himself
January 06, 2016
Unit 17:
Exercise I
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. Andrea felt that the fire at school had been intended to stop
students from taking their final exams.
2. Although our supply of food for the trip was meager, we did not
have to go grocery shopping until we got home.
3. The builder decided to elongate the kitchen in the house so that
there would be more space to cook.
4. The brevity of the candidate's speech made us wonder if he had
prepared for his presentation at all.
5. The television program about World War II had to condense its
story because it was allowed to be two hours long.
6. The newspaper had to abbreviate the president's name because
the headline was too long.
7. When we saw the emaciated victims of the war, we knew they
had not been given food.
8. The density of the snow may change our skiing plans because it
may become unsafe.
9. Kody was told to be more attentive in class, so he avoided
talking to his neighbors.
10. Mark didn't want to prolong his sick cat's suffering, so he took
him to the vet right away.
January 06, 2016
Unit 17:
Exercise II
1. emaciated
2. attentive
3. abbreviated
4. prolong
5. condense
6. brevity
7. elongated
8. meager
9. density
10. intended
January 06, 2016
Unit 17:
Exercise III
1. A: elongate; condense
2. D: prolongs; emaciated
3: A: attentive; abbreviate
4. B: brevity; intended
5. D: density; meager
January 06, 2016
Unit 17:
Exercise IV
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. To prolong the suspense of the ghost story, Tamara's dad might
add a dramatic pause.
2. Because Marina saw pictures of emaciated children in Africa,
she will probably make the decision to work with an aid
organization.
3. Since William tried to condense his essay into one page, we
could conclude that he had gone over the page limit.
January 06, 2016
Unit 17:
Exercise V
In the paragraphs:
1. brevity
2. intend
3. prolonging
In the questions:
1. B: to mark their progress
2. D: a 2,000 mile long route
3. B: to shorten the time spent in the Sierra Mountains
4. D: six months
January 06, 2016
Unit 17:
Exercise VI
1. distended: to stick out
2. longevity: lifespan
January 06, 2016
Unit 18:
Exercise I
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. If you don't aerate the fish in the tank, they will not survive.
2. The musical piece sounded light and airy to us because it was
instrumental.
3. The sales manager decided to inflate the cost of shoes in her
store so that her profits would be higher.
4. The spy took an aerial photograph so that the government
could see the entire training facility.
5. It is important that the greenhouse be properly ventilated so
that the plants will have enough fresh air to grow properly.
6. Roger was afraid he would hyperventilate when he met his
favorite singer, so he did his best to remain calm.
7. When Sarah's credit card expires, she will have to sign up for a
new one.
8. Henrietta aspires to be a surgeon, so she is studying biology.
9. Because the horse was so spirited, it was difficult to to train him
for shows.
10. Esther's performance at the swim meet seemed to deflate her
pride, but she worked hard for the next meet.
January 06, 2016
Unit 18:
Exercise II
1. aspire
2. airy
3. expired
4. ventilated
5. deflated
6. hyperventilated
7. aerated
8. aerial
9. spirited
10. inflated
January 06, 2016
Unit 18:
Exercise III
1. A: spirited; airy
2. A: aerial; aerated
3. C: inflated; aspires
4. B: ventilate; aspiring
5. B: hyperventilate; expire
January 06, 2016
Unit 18:
Exercise IV
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. Because Jay's spirits were deflated by the story of the man in a
wheelchair, he probably needed to have ice cream to cheer up
that night.
2. If there's an aerial act in the circus, everyone in the audience
probably watches very closely.
3. Becky aspires to be a gymnast, so it is possible that she
practices for hours each day.
January 06, 2016
Unit 18:
Exercise V
In the paragraphs:
1. inflate
2. deflate
In the questions:
1. D: all of the above
2. B: breathe through their mouths.
3. C: air that he or she has inhaled.
4. C: what happens to the body during an asthma attack
January 06, 2016
Unit 18:
Exercise VI
1. conspiring: to work together to plan
2. conflate: to confuse
January 06, 2016
Unit 19:
Exercise I
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. The sailor's narrative of life on the high seas made everyone
want to travel on a ship.
2. The story of the giant was part of the country's mythology,
rather than a story from another part of the world.
3. The famous mountain-climber will recount some of her
experiences with wild animals.
4. Jessica denounced the actions of the local police because she
did not agree with their behavior.
5. Although many ballet dancers discounted the talents of the
young star, she starred in the holiday production of "The
Nutcracker."
6. Without the guide to narrate our tour, we would have been
unable to read the road signs in French.
7. The fabled courage of the great warrior made him sound like
the country's greatest hero.
8. While we were kept inside by the snow, my brother told
fabulous tales about a living, talking snow man.
9. When Dorothy learned that unicorns were mythical creatures,
she felt as if she had been betrayed.
10. Donald found many of the words in the story difficult to
pronounce because he was just learning to read.
January 06, 2016
Unit 19:
Exercise II
1. narrative
2. discount
3. narrates
4. fabulous
5. pronounce
6. mythology
7. fabled
8. denounced
9. mythical
10. recount
January 06, 2016
Unit 19:
Exercise III
1. A: narrative; fabulous
2. C: narrate; pronounce
3. A: discount; mythical
4. B: recounts; denounce
5. D: mythology; fabled
January 06, 2016
Unit 19:
Exercise IV
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. When one wrestler denounces the other, the crowd may erupt
into cheers.
2. If the police were angry that no one could recount the robbery
details, it might mean that the witnesses would be afraid.
3. If Angelique forgets a part and cannot finish her narrative of her
trip to Washington, it may be because she is rushing through her
work.
January 06, 2016
Unit 19:
Exercise V
In the paragraphs:
1. narrative
2. fabulous
In the questions:
1. D: his father had died and left the family in debt.
2. B: looking for gold.
3. C: his close ties to the Mississippi River.
4. A: influenced by his writing
January 06, 2016
Unit 19:
Exercise VI
1. account: an explanation
2. renounce: speak against
January 06, 2016
Unit 20:
Exercise I
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. When a special panel of experts was called in to certify the
lottery results, they found that there had been a mistake.
2. We decided that lemon cake would be ideal for our picnic
because my friend and I do not like chocolate.
3. Because the methods used in the research project were not
scientific, they were not respected when the team reported their
results.
4. Shondra wanted to savor every moment of her birthday party
because her best friend was moving away the next week.
5. Elka always did what her conscience told her to do because if
she did the right thing, she did not feel guilty.
6. The basketball fans made a concerted effort to yell very loud
so the team could hear them cheering.
7. Danny has enough financial savvy that he regularly invested in
the stock market.
8. Although rain seemed to be a certainty, our camping trip was
not cancelled.
9. The painter tended to idealize the scenes he painted, rather
than depict exactly what he saw.
10. The volunteers cleaning the polluted beach were all young
and idealistic, so they believed they would end pollution that very
day.
January 06, 2016
Unit 20:
Exercise II
1. idealistic
2. savvy
3. scientific
4. ascertain
5. conscience
6. idealizes
7. ideal
8. savored
9. certify
10. certainty
January 06, 2016
Unit 20:
Exercise III
1. C: idealistic; conscience
2. B: ideal; savvy
3. C: idealized; savor
4. B: ascertain; certify
5. A: scientific; certainty
January 06, 2016
Unit 20:
Exercise IV
These answers are samples. Actual answers will vary.
1. If you want to savor the taste of your meal, too much salt might
cover the other flavors.
2. Since Bette and Jay made a concerted effort to elect their
favorite candidate, they'll probably be disappointed if he does not
truly accomplish what he promised.
3. Because Ben has poker savvy, he usually wins the game.
January 06, 2016
Unit 20:
Exercise V
In the paragraphs:
1. scientific
2. ascertained
In the questions:
1. D: Freud studied and developed a theory of how the mind
works.
2. A: It reveals the unconscious.
3. C: id, ego, and superego
4. A: Sigmund Freud's Contribution to Psychology
January 06, 2016
Unit 20:
Exercise VI
1. savant: gifted in an area
2. omniscient: all-knowing