UCL INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY
ARCL1005: Introduction to Egyptian
Archaeology
2012-13
Year 1 Option, 0.5 unit, term II, Tu 9.00-11.00
Co-ordinator: Richard Bussmann
[email protected]
Room 409
Tel: 020 7679 – 1539
(from within UCL: 2 – 1539)
1
1
OVERVIEW
Short description
This course, taught primarily in a lecture format, introduces students to a basic
knowledge of the history and archaeology of Predynastic, Pharaonic, and GraecoRoman Egypt. The course familiarizes students with the chronological and
geographical framework of ancient Egypt, reviews Egyptian tombs, temples, and
settlements in a theoretically informed framework, explores the Petrie Museum of
Egyptian Archaeology as a leading international resource for the study of ancient
Egypt, and connects analysis of Egyptian art, technology, and society to wider
debates in archaeological and social theory.
Week-by-week summary
1
Chronology and geography of Egypt 08.01.2013
2
Funerary archaeology in Egypt, 15.01.2013
3
Egyptian temples and religion, 22.01.2013
4
Settlement and landscape archaeology in Egypt, 29.01.2013
5
Egyptian history and prehistory, 05.02.2013
--- READING WEEK --6
Egyptian art and technology, 19.02.2013
7
Methods and theories in Egyptian Archaeology (Group 1)/Visit of Petrie
Museum (Group 2), 26.02.2013
8
Methods and theories in Egyptian Archaeology (Group 2)/Visit of Petrie
Museum (Group 1), 05.03.2013
9
Egyptian society and foreign relations, 12.03.2013
10
Writing and texts in ancient Egypt, 19.03.2013
2
Basic texts
Note also the online resources listed below in chapter 4 of this handbook.
Essential:
Bard, K. 2007. An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Malden, Mass.,
Oxford: Blackwell. EGYPTOLOGY A 5 BAR, ISSUE DESK IOA BAR 29
Kemp, B.J., 2006. Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilization. 2nd edition. London:
Routledge. INST ARCH ISSUE DESK KEM; EGYPTOLOGY B 5 KEM
Introductions and overviews:
Baines, J. and J. Málek 2000. Cultural atlas of Ancient Egypt. Revised edition. New
York: Fact on file. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS A 2 BAI; ISSUE DESK IOA BAI
2
Van de Mieroop, M. 2011. A History of Ancient Egypt. Malden – Oxford: Blackwell.
EGYPTOLOGY B 5 MIE
Lloyd, A. B. (ed.) 2010. A Companion to Ancient Egypt. 2 volumes. Chichester:
Wiley-Blackwell. EGYPTOLOGY A 5 LLO
Sasson, J. et al. (eds.) 1995. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. Peabody, Mass.:
Hendrickson. INST ARCH DBA 100 SAS; ANCIENT HISTORY QUARTOS B 5
SAS
Shaw, I. (ed.) 2000. The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University
Press. EGYPTOLOGY B 5 SHA, ISSUE DESK SHA
Trigger, B. G. and A. Lloyd, B. Kemp, D. O’Connor 1983. Ancient Egypt. A social
history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. EGYPTOLOGY B 5 TRI,
ISSUE DESK IOA TRI 1
Wendrich, W. (ed.) 2010. Egyptian Archaeology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
EGYPTOLOGY A 6 WEN
Wilkinson, T. (ed.) 2007. The Egyptian World. London: Routledge. EGYPTOLOGY A
5 WIL, ISSUE DESK WIL 10
Wilkinson R. H. (ed.) 2008. Egyptology Today. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press. EGYPTOLOGY A 9 WIL, ISSUE DESK WIL 16
Lexica and encyclopedias:
Bard, K. 1999. Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. London:
Routledge. EGYPTOLOGY A 2 BAR; ISSUE DESK IOA BAR 17
Redford, D. B. (ed.) 2001. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford
University Press. EGYPTOLOGY A 2 OXF
Otto, E. and W. Helck (eds.) 1975ff. Lexikon der Ägyptologie. Wiesbaden:
Harrassowitz. [includes English, German, and French articles] EGYPTOLOGY
A 2 LEX
Topographical bibliography of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic texts, reliefs, and
paintings. 8 volumes. EGYPTOLOGY A 1 [Originally compiled by R. Porter
and R. L. B. Moss, hence nicknamed the “Porter/Moss”]
Texts in translation:
Allen, J. P. 2005. The ancient Egyptian pyramid texts. Atlanta, Georgia: Society of
Biblical Literature. EGYPTOLOGY V 30 ALL
Breasted, J. H. 2001 [1906-7], Ancient Records of Egypt: Historical documents from
the earliest times to the Persian conquest. Chicago: Chicago University
Press/Urbana: University of Illinois EGYPTOLOGY T 6 BRE
3
Faulkner, R. O. 2004 [1973]. The ancient Egyptian coffin texts: spells 1-1185 and
indexes. Oxford: Aris and Phillips. EGYPTOLOGY V 30 FAU
Frood, E. 2007. Biographical texts from Ramessid Egypt. Atlanta: Society of Biblical
Literature. EGYPTOLOGY B 20 FRO
Kitchen, K. A. 1993-2012. Ramesside Inscriptions: Translated and Annotated. Vol. 16. Oxford: Blackwell.
Lichtheim, M. and H.-W. Fischer-Elfert 2006. Ancient Egyptian literature: a book of
readings. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. EGYPTOLOGY
V 20 LIC
Lichtheim, M. and A. Loprieno 2006. Ancient Egyptian literature: a book of readings.
Berkeley, California: University of California Press. EGYPTOLOGY V 20 LIC
Lichtheim, M. and J. G. Manning 2006. Ancient Egyptian literature: a book of
readings. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. EGYPTOLOGY
V 20 LIC
Murnane, W. J. 1995. Texts from the Amarna period in Egypt. Altanta, GA: Scholars
Press. EGYPTOLOGY V 50 MUR
Pritchard, J. B. 1955. Ancient Near Eastern texts relating to the Old Testament, 2nd
edition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. INST ARCH DBA 100
QUARTOS PRI
Quirke, S., 2004. Egyptian literature 1800 BC: Questions and readings. London:
Golden House Publications. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS V 50 QUI
Ritner, R. K. 2009. The Libyan anarchy: Inscriptions from Egypt’s Third Intermediate
Period. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. EGYPTOLOGY T 6 RIT
Simpson, W. K. and R. K. Ritner 2003. The literature of ancient Egypt: An anthology
of stories, instructions, and poetry. 3rd ed . New Haven, Connecticut, London:
Yale University Press. EGYPTOLOGY V 20 SIM
Strudwick, N. 2005. Texts from the pyramid age. Atlanta: Society of Biblical
Literature. EGYPTOLOGY T 6 STR
Tailor, J. H. 2010. Journey through the afterlife: ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead.
London: British Museum Press. EGYPTOLY QUARTOS V 50 BOO
Wente, E. F., 1990. Letters from ancient Egypt. Atlanta, Georgia.: Scholars Press.
EGYPTOLOGY V 50 WEN
Methods of assessment
This course is assessed by means of two pieces of coursework, each of 2500 words.
Each contributes 50% to the final grade for the course. The submission deadline for
essay 1 is Monday, 25.2.2013 and for essay 2 Tuesday, 23.4.2013. There is no
examination for this course. The topics and deadlines for each assessment are
specified below.
Teaching methods
The course is taught by a single teacher (RB) through a series of 20 lectures and a
tutorial of 2 hours in the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology taught by Debbie
Challis (DC) and the Teaching Assistant Massimiliano Pinarello (MP).
Workload
There will be 20 hours of lectures. Students will be expected to undertake around 90
hours of reading for the course, plus 40 hours preparing for and producing the
assessed work. This adds up to a total workload of some 150 hours for the course.
4
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for this course.
2
AIMS, OBJECTIVES AND ASSESSMENT
Aims
The aim of the course is to give students a systemized overview of Egyptian material
culture and to introduce them to research-led approaches to ancient Egypt.
Objectives
On successful completion of the course students should:
 Have an overview of the nature of Ancient Egyptian material culture
 Know the major historical, geographical, and social contexts of ancient Egypt
 Have developed a critical view on the discipline of Egyptian Archaeology
 Be able to integrate individual pieces of evidence in a problem-oriented
approach to Egyptian Archaeology
Learning Outcomes
On successful completion of the course students should be able to demonstrate:
 Reasoned and Critical Assessment of Multiple Sources
 Independent Research Use of Library and Archival facilities
 Independent Problem-solving based on Real Data Sets
Coursework
Use the encyclopaedias and lexica listed above in the section “Basic Texts” for
orientation (e.g. on sites), draw on the bibliographic references listed under the
individual lectures and explore the online resources listed below in chapter 4 of this
handbook.
Essay 1: Choose ONE of the following questions.
Submission date: Monday, 25.2.2013
Are Egyptian tombs a mirror of life? Use examples from different periods and
discuss!
Do Egyptian temples epitomize ancient Egyptian culture? Give examples of different
types of temples and discuss!
Is Ancient Egypt an urban society? Give examples of Egyptian settlements and
discuss their nature in the comparative context of early complex societies!
Can Amarna be characterized “Egypt in microcosm” (B. Kemp)? Describe the major
features of Amarna and discuss the relevance of Amarna for settlement and
landscape archaeology in Egypt!
Is Egyptian history a piece of fiction? Review ancient Egyptian historiography and
compare it to the archaeological record!
5
Essay 2: How can we approach ancient Egypt through objects?
Submission date: Tuesday, 23.4.2013
Choose ONE set of objects from the list below, describe the objects with the help of
the Petrie Museum online catalogue (http://petriecat.museums.ucl.ac.uk/) and the
excavation reports (listed below under the individual objects with suggestions for
further reading), and discuss the relevance of different archaeological contexts for
interpretation. Use the sample in order to address wider issues in Egyptian
Archaeology, such as society, history, technology, art, texts in archaeology, cultural
heritage, methodology, or interpretive frameworks.
SET 1
UC 16083: Inscribed pot, clay, Tarkhan, Early Dynastic.
Petrie, W. M. F. 1913. Tarkhan I and Memphis V. London: School or Archaeology
in Egypt, page 9 and plates 31.68, 56.76b, 61, 70. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E
30 [23].
The publication is available online:
http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/15135.pdf
http://www.archive.org/details/publications23brituoft
http://diglit.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/petrie1913bd5
Further reading:
Grajetzki, W. 2004. Tarkhan: A cemetery at the time of Egyptian state formation.
London: Golden House Publications. EGYPTOLOGY E 7 GRA
UC 14339: Relief fragment, Limestone, Lahun, Middle Kingdom
Petrie, W. M. F. 1890. Kahun, Gurob and Hawara. London: Kegan Paul, 31, pl.
11.10. ISSUE DESK IOA PET 22 (ask at Issue Desk of IoA library)
This publication is available online:
http://archive.org/details/cu31924028675399
Further reading:
Quirke, S. 2005. Lahun: A town in Egypt 1800 BC, and the history of its
landscape, 24-26. London: Golden House Publications. EGYPTOLOGY E 100
QUI
Petrie, W. M. W., Brunton, G., Murray, M. A. 1923. Lahun II. 26-28, pl. 27 and 28.
London: Quaritch. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 30[33]. Available online:
http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/15251.pdf
UC 15904: Inscribed vase, alabaster, Koptos, New Kingdom.
Petrie, W. M. F. 1896. Koptos. London: Quaritch, pages 13-15
This publication is available online:
http://www.archive.org/details/koptos00petr
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028670358
Further reading:
Adams, B. 2002. Petrie’s manuscript journal from Coptos. In Autour de Coptos:
Actes du colloque organise au Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon 17-19 mars 2000.
Topoi Supplement 3, 5-22. Paris: DeBoccard. EGYPTOLOGY E 100 AND
Weinstein, J. M. 1973. Foundation deposits in ancient Egypt. Ann Arbor,
Michigan: UMI. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 7 WEI
UC 19475: Pot, clay, Late Roman/Coptic, Abydos
6
Petrie, W. M. F., Gardiner, A., Petrie, H., Murray, M. A. 1925. Tombs of the
Courtiers and Oxyrhynkhos. 21, pl. 49.3 and 55. London: Quartich.
EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 30 [37]
This book is available online:
http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/15142.pdf
Further reading:
Atiya, A. S. (ed.) 1991. The Coptic encyclopedia. Vol.s 1-8. New York: Macmillan.
EGYPTOLOGY A 2 COP
UC 8009: Figurine, bronze, no provenance, no excavation report.
Roasted locusts, Western Desert, Old Kingdom.
Kuper, R. and F. Förster 2003. Khufu’s “mefat” expeditions into the Libyan
Desert. Egyptian Archaeology 23: 25-28. Objects are depicted on page 28 top
right. INST ARCH PERS, Online Reading List SFX
SET 2
UC 9100: Pot, clay, Badarian, Qau
Brunton, G., Caton-Thompson, G. 1928. The Badarian civilisation and
predynastic remains near Badari, 3, pl. 5 and 13. London: British School of
Archaeology in Egypt. E 30[46]
The publication is available online:
http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/15271.pdf
Further reading:
http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/badari/index.html
UC 14785: Inscribed relief, limestone, Koptos, Middle Kingdom.
Petrie, W. M. F. 1896. Koptos. London: Quaritch, pages p. 11, pl. 9.1.
This publication is available online:
http://www.archive.org/details/koptos00petr
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028670358
Further reading:
Stewart, H. M. 1979. Egyptian stelae, reliefs and painting from the Petrie
Collection II: Archaic Period to Second Intermediate Period, 13-14, pl. 12.
Warminster: Aris and Phillips EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS T 30 STE
Grajetzki, W. 2006. The middle kingdom of ancient Egypt: history, archaeology
and society, 28-35. London: Duckworth. EGYPTOLOGY B 12 GRA
UC 401: Inscribed relief, limestone, Amarna, New Kingdom.
Petrie, W. M. F. 1894. Tell el-Amarna. No place of publication, 8-11 and pl. 12.34. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 29 PET (ask at Issue Desk) or ISSUE DESK
PET 17 (= modern edition)
This publication is available online:
http://www.archive.org/details/tellelamarna00petr
Further reading:
Stewart, H. M. 1979. Egyptian stelae, reliefs and painting from the Petrie
Collection I: New Kingdom, 10 pl. 6. Warminster: Aris and Phillips
EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS T 30 STE
Shaw, I. 1994. Balustrades, Stairs and Altars in the Cult of the Aten at elAmarna. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 80: 109-127. Available through
www.jstor.org
UC19613: Mummy portrait, encaustic wax, Hawara, Roman period.
7
Petrie, W. M. F. 1911. Roman Portraits and Memphis IV. London: British School
of Archaeology in Egypt, pages 1-5 and plate 6.40. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E
30[20]
This book is available online:
http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/15283.pdf
http://www.archive.org/details/romanportraitsme00petr
http://diglit.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/petrie1911bd4
Further reading:
Bierbrier, M. L. (ed.) 1997. Portraits and masks: Burial customs in Roman Egypt.
London: British Museum Press.
Dodson, A. and S. Ikram 1998. The mummy in ancient Egypt: Equipping the
dead for eternity. London: Thames and Hudson. EGYPTOLOGY E 7 IKR
Borg, B. E. 2010. Painted Funerary Portraits. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7426178c
Laboury, D. 2010. Portrait versus Ideal Image. In Wendrich. W. (ed.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9370v0rz
More
images
of
mummy
portraits
available:
http://www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/digital_egypt/hawara/portraits/index.html
UC 27859: Hair, provenance unknown, no excavation report.
Pots, clay, Buto, Predynastic.
Faltings, D. 1998. Canaanites at Buto in the early fourth millennium BC. Egyptian
Archaeology 13: 29-32, page 30 top left. INST ARCH PERS, Online Reading List
SFX
SET 3
UC 17754: Mirror, bronze, Qau, Old Kingdom.
Brunton, G. 1927. Qau and Badari I. London: British School of Archaeology,
pages 2-4, 30 and plates 7, 8, 39.10, 45. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 30[44].
This publication is available online:
http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/15270.pdf
Please consult also Brunton, G. 1928, Qau and Badari II, plate 57. London:
British School of Archaeology. Stores 392 QUARTOS E 30[45]
UC 14857: Pot, clay, Old Kingdom?, Hemamiyeh
Brunton, G., Caton-Thompson, G. 1928. The Badarian civilisation and
predynastic remains near Badari, 89, pl. 69.5. London: British School of
Archaeology in Egypt. E 30[46]
The publication is available online:
http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/15271.pdf
Further reading for parallel and contextualisation in burial customs:
Grajetzki, W., 2003. Burial customs of ancient Egypt: Life in death for rich and
poor, 24-26. London: Duckworth. EGYPTOLOGY E 7 GRA
UC 14400: Inscribed statue, stone, Memphis, New Kingdom.
Petrie, W. M. F., Mackay, E., Wainwright, G. 1910. Meydum and Memphis (III).
London: School of Archaeology in Egypt . EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 30 [18]
(Ask at Issue Desk)
This publication is available online:
http://archive.org/details/meydummemphisiii00petr
8
Further reading:
Stewart, H. M. 1979. Egyptian stelae, reliefs and painting from the Petrie
Collection I: New Kingdom, 44, pl. 35.2. Warminster: Aris and Phillips
EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS T 30 STE
UC 59441: Inscribed label, wood, Hawara, Roman period.
Petrie, W. M. F. 1911. Roman Portraits and Memphis IV. London: British School
of Archaeology in Egypt, pages 1-5, 22 and plates 13, 24.16. EGYPTOLOGY
QUARTOS E 30[20]
This book is available online:
http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/15283.pdf
http://www.archive.org/details/romanportraitsme00petr
http://diglit.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/petrie1911bd4
Bierbrier, M. L. (ed.) 1997. Portraits and masks: Burial customs in Roman Egypt.
London: British Museum Press.
Dodson, A. and S. Ikram 1998. The mummy in ancient Egypt: Equipping the
dead for eternity. London: Thames and Hudson. EGYPTOLOGY E 7 IKR
Vleeming, S. P. 1998. Some mummy labels in the Metropolitan Museum of Art,
New York. In Clarysse, W. and A. Schoors, H. Willems (eds.), Egyptian religion:
The last thousand years. Studies dedicated to the memory of Jan Quaegebeur,
474-515. Leuven: Peeteres. EGYPTOLOGY R 5 CLA
UC 28306iv: Sandals, provenance unknown, no excavation report.
Voglesang-Eastwood, G. 1993. Pharaonic Egyptian clothing. Leiden, New York:
Brill. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS M 20 VOG
Siebels, R. 1996. The wearing of sandals in Old Kingdom tomb decoration.
Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 7: 75-88. INST ARCH PERS
Seal impressions, clay, Abydos, Middle Kingdom.
Wegner, J. 2000, A Middle Kingdom town at south Abydos. Egyptian
Archaeology 17, 8-10. Objects are depicted on page 10 top. INST ARCH PERS,
Online Reading List SFX
Further reading:
Smith, S. T. 2002. Sealing Pracitce, Literacy and Administration in the Middle
Kingdom. Cahiers de recherches de l’Institut de Papyrologie et d’Égyptologie de
Lille 22: 173-194. Ask course co-ordinator for copy.
SET 4
UC 16086: Inscribed pot, clay, Tarkhan, Early Dynastic.
Petrie, W. M. F. 1913. Tarkhan I and Memphis V. London: School or Archaeology
in Egypt, page 9 and plates 31.71, 61, 70. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 30 [23].
The publication is available online:
http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/15135.pdf
http://www.archive.org/details/publications23brituoft
http://diglit.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/petrie1913bd5
Further reading:
Grajetzki, W. 2004. Tarkhan: A cemetery at the time of Egyptian state formation.
London: Golden House Publications. EGYPTOLOGY E 7 GRA
UC 6536-6538: Bags, linen, Lahun, Middle Kingdom
Petrie, W. M. W., Brunton, G., Murray, M. A. 1923. Lahun II. 19, pl. 25A.4-6.
London: Quaritch. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 30[33]. Available online:
http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/15251.pdf
Further reading:
9
Quirke, S. 2005. Lahun: A town in Egypt 1800 BC, and the history of its
landscape, 20-21. London: Golden House Publications. EGYPTOLOGY E 100
QUI
Weinstein, J. M. 1973. Foundation deposits in ancient Egypt. Ann Arbor: UMI.
EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 7 WEI
UC 2157: Mould, clay, Amarna, New Kingdom.
Petrie, W. M. F. 1894. Tell el-Amarna. No place of publication, 8-11 and pl.
17.296. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 29 PET (ask at Issue Desk) or ISSUE
DESK PET 17 (= modern edition)
This publication is available online:
http://www.archive.org/details/tellelamarna00petr
Further reading:
Samson, J. 1978. Amarna, city of Akhenaten and Nefertiti: Nefertiti as Pharaoh,
96-97, pl. 50. No place of publication. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS C 11 UNI
UC 19608: Mummy portrait, stucco, Hawara, Roman period.
Petrie, W. M. F. 1911. Roman Portraits and Memphis IV. London: British School
of Archaeology in Egypt, pages 1-5 and plate 7.52. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E
30[20]
This book is available online:
http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/15283.pdf
http://www.archive.org/details/romanportraitsme00petr
http://diglit.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/petrie1911bd4
Bierbrier, M. L. (ed.) 1997. Portraits and masks: Burial customs in Roman Egypt.
London: British Museum Press.
Dodson, A. and S. Ikram 1998. The mummy in ancient Egypt: Equipping the
dead for eternity. London: Thames and Hudson. EGYPTOLOGY E 7 IKR
Borg, B. E. 2010. Painted Funerary Portraits. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7426178c
Laboury, D. 2010. Portrait versus Ideal Image. In Wendrich. W. (ed.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9370v0rz
UC 51997: Resin, provenance unknown, no excavation report.
Inscribed tablet, clay, Tell el-Dab’a, Second Intermediate Period.
Bietak, M. 2011. A Hyksos palace at Avaris. Egyptian Archaeology 38: 38-41,
page 41 top left. INST ARCH PERS, Online Reading list SFX
The nature of the assignment and possible approaches to it will be discussed in
class, in advance of the submission deadline.
Word-length
Strict new regulations with regard to word-length have been introduced UCL-wide. If
your work exceeds 2625 words your mark will be reduced by 10%, subject to a
minimum mark of a minimum pass, assuming that the work merited a pass. If your
work is more than 10% over-length, a mark of zero will be recorded.
The following should not be included in the word-count: bibliography, appendices,
and tables, graphs and illustrations and their captions.
Submission procedures
10
Students are required to submit hard copy of all coursework to the course coordinators pigeonhole via the Red Essay Box at Reception by the appropriate
deadline. The coursework must be stapled to a completed coversheet (available from
the web, from outside Room 411A or from the library)
Please note that new, stringent penalties for late submission have been introduced
UCL-wide. Late submission will be penalized in accordance with these regulations
unless permission has been granted and an Extension Request Form (ERF)
completed.
Date stamping will be via “Turnitin” (see below), so in addition to submitting hard
copy, students must also submit their work to Turnitin by the midnight on the day of
the deadline: http://submit.ac.uk/
Students who encounter technical problems submitting their work to Turnitin should
email the nature of the problem to [email protected] in advance of the deadline
in order that the Turnitin Advisers can notify the Course Co-ordinator that it may be
appropriate to waive the late submission penalty.
If there is any other unexpected crisis on the submission day, students should
telephone or (preferably) e-mail the Course Co-ordinator, and follow this up with a
completed ERF.
The Turnitin 'Class ID' is 434638 and the 'Class Enrolment Password' is IoA1213
Further information is given on the IoA website. Turnitin advisors will be available to
help you via email: [email protected] if needed.
Timescale for return of marked coursework to students.
You can expect to receive your marked work within four calendar weeks of the official
submission deadline. If you do not receive your work within this period, or a written
explanation from the marker, you should notify the IoA’s Academic Administrator,
Judy Medrington.
Keeping copies
Please note that it is an Institute requirement that you retain a copy (this can be
electronic) of all coursework submitted. When your marked essay is returned to you,
you should return it to the marker within two weeks.
Citing of sources
Coursework should be expressed in a student’s own words giving the exact source of
any ideas, information, diagrams etc. that are taken from the work of others. Any
direct quotations from the work of others must be indicated as such by being placed
between inverted commas. Plagiarism is regarded as a very serious irregularity
which can carry very heavy penalties. It is your responsibility to read and abide by
the requirements for presentation, referencing and avoidance of plagiarism to be
found in the IoA ‘Coursework Guidelines’ on the IoA website
3
SCHEDULE AND SYLLABUS
Teaching schedule
11
Lectures will be held 9:00-11:00 on Tuesdays, in room 433, Taviton Street 16
(SSEES building).
Lecturer: RB (Richard Bussmann), DB (Debbie Challis). Teaching assistant: MP
(Massimiliano Pinarello).
12
Syllabus
The following is an outline for the course as a whole, and identifies essential and
supplementary readings relevant to each session. Information is provided as to
where in the UCL library system individual readings are available; their location and
Teaching Collection (TC) number, and status (whether out on loan) can also be
accessed on the eUCLid computer catalogue system.
Readings marked with an * are considered essential to keep up with the topics
covered in the course. Copies of individual articles and chapters are in the Teaching
Collection in the Institute Library (where permitted by copyright), please ask at the
Issue Desk in the entrance area of the Library.
1
Chronology and geography of Egypt 08.01.2013 (RB)
The first session will give an introduction to the organization and rationale of the
course. Different chronological frameworks for ancient Egypt will be discussed and
the geography of Egypt reviewed.
Essential:
Butzer, K. W. 1960. Archaeology and Geology in Ancient Egypt. Science, New Series
132 (no. 3440, Dec. 2): 1617-1624. Available through www.jstor.org
Kitchen, K. A. 1991. The Chronology of Ancient Egypt. World Archaeology 23/2: 201208. Available through www.jstor.org
Further Reading (for Egyptian history, see readings of session 5):
Atzler, M. 1995. Some remarks on interrelating environmental changes and
ecological, socio-economic problems in the development of the early Egyptian
inundation culture. Archéo-Nil 5: 7-65.
Bell, B. 1975. Climate and History of Egypt: The Middle Kingdom. American Journal
of Archaeology 79/3: 223-269. Available through www.jstor.org
Butzer, K.W. 1984. Long-term Nile flood variation and political discontinuities in
pharaonic Egypt. In Clark, J. D. and S. A. Brandt (eds.), From hunters to
farmers: The causes and consequences of food production in Africa, 102-112.
Berkley, London: University of California Press.
Hassan, F. 1981. Historical Nile floods and their implications for climatic change.
Science, New Series 212(4499): 1142-1145.
Hassan, F. A. 1997. The Dynamics of a Riverine Civilization: A Geoarchaeological
Perspective on the Nile Valley, Egypt. World Archaeology 29/1: 51-74.
Available through www.jstor.org
2
Funerary archaeology in Egypt, 15.01.2013 (RB)
Egyptian society has produced a large amount of texts, images, objects and buildings
relating to tombs and funerary beliefs. Some scholars believed that the ancient
Egyptians were concerned only with their afterlife and had no interest in their life
before death. This impression is due to the shortcomings in settlement archaeology
in Egypt and to the strong research bias towards lavishly decorated elite tombs, such
as the royal pyramids, the tombs in the Valley of the Kings, and monumental rock-cut
and mud-brick tombs. However, it has become evident over the last decades that
most Egyptians were buried in rather simple grave pits and that burial practices
varied substantially across society. Moreover, many activities related to the tomb,
including tomb construction, preparation of the body, burial rites, funerary cult, magic,
13
and looting, are deeply rooted in the community of the living. The lesson gives an
overview of Egyptian tomb types and burial customs and of the development of
mortuary beliefs.
Essential reading
Baines, J. and P. Lacovara 2002. Burial and the dead in ancient Egyptian society:
respect, formalism, neglect. Journal of social archaeology 2/1: 5-36. Available
through www.jstor.org
Redford, D. B., 2001. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, vol. I, Oxford:
Oxford University Press. EGYPTOLOGY A 2 OXF
Lesko, L. H., Funerary Literature, 570-575
Riggs, C. 2010. Funerary Rituals (Ptolemaic and Roman Periods). In Dieleman, J.
and W. Wendrich (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/1n10x347
Hays, H. M. 2010. Funerary Rituals (Pharaonic Period). In Dieleman, J. and W.
Wendrich (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/1r32g9zn
Further reading:
Dodson, A. and S. Ikram 2008. The tomb in ancient Egypt: Royal and private
sepulchers from the early dynastic period to the Romans. London: Thames
and Hudson. EGYPTOLOGY E 7 DOD
Dodson, A. and S. Ikram 1998. The mummy in ancient Egypt: Equipping the dead for
eternity. London: Thames and Hudson. EGYPTOLOGY E 7 IKR
Garstang, J. 1907. The burial customs of ancient Egypt as illustrated by tombs of the
Middle Kingdom. Being a report of the excavations made in the Necropolis of
Beni Hassan during 1902-3-4. London: Constable. EGYPTOLOGY E 100
GAR
Grajetzki, W., 2003. Burial customs of ancient Egypt: Life in death for rich and poor.
London: Duckworth. EGYPTOLOGY E 7 GRA
Ikram, S., 2007. Afterlife Beliefs and Burial Customs. In Wilkinson, T. (ed.), The
Egyptian World, 340-351, London and New York: Routledge. EGYPTOLOGY
A 5 WIL
Lehner, M., 1997. The Complete Pyramids. London: Thames and Hudson.
EGYPTOLOGY K 7 LEH
Redford, D. B., 2001. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, vol. III, Oxford:
Oxford University Press. EGYPTOLOGY A 2 OXF
Weeks, K. R., Tombs: An Overview, 418-425
Arnold, D., Tombs: Royal Tombs, 425-433
Dodson, A., Tombs: Private Tombs, 433-442
Richards, J. 2005. Cemeteries past, present and provincial: Abydos. In Richards, J.,
Society and death in ancient Egypt: Mortuary landscapes of the Middle
Kingdom, 125-172. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Riggs, C. 2010. Body. In Frood, E. and W. Wendrich (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of
Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/0n21d4bm
Snape, S. 2011. Ancient Egyptian tombs: The culture of life and death. Malden,
Mass.: Wiley-Blackwell. EGYPTOLOGY E 7 SNA
Stevenson, A. 2009. Predynastic Burials. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia
of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/2m3463b2
14
Extended reading:
Assmann, J., 2005. Death and salvation in ancient Egypt. Translated from the
German by D. Lorton. London: Cornell University Press. EGYPTOLOGY R 5
ASS
Bierbrier, M. L. (ed.) 1997. Portraits and masks: Burial customs in Roman Egypt.
London: British Museum Press.
Caminos, R. A. 1992. On ancient Egyptian mummy bandages. Orientalia 61: 337353. INST ARCH PERS
Carr, C. 1995. Mortuary practices: their social, philosophical-religious, circumstantial
and physical determinants. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 2:
105-199. Available through SFX
Dodson, A. 2009. Rituals Related to Animal Cults. In Dieleman, J. and W. Wendrich
(eds.),
UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6wk541n0
Gordon, F. M., (ed.) 2005. Interacting with the dead. Perspectives on mortuary
archaeology for the new millennium. Gainesville: University Press of Florida
2005. INST ARCH AH RAK
Grajetzki, W. 2004. Tarkhan: A cemetery at the time of Egyptian state formation.
London: Golden House Publications. EGYPTOLOGY E 7 GRA
Grajetzki, W. 2004. Harageh: An Egyptian burial ground for the rich, around 1800
BC. London: Golden House Publications. EGYPTOLGY E 7 GRA
Grajetzki, W. 2005. Sedment: Burials of Egyptian farmers and noblemen over the
centuries. London: Golden House Publications. EGYPTOLOGY E 7 GRA
Hornung, E. & Lorton, D., 1999. The ancient Egyptian books of the afterlife. Ithaca,
N.Y: Cornell Univ. Press. EGYPTOLOGY V 50 HOR
Kanawati, N. 2001. The Tomb and beyond. Burial customs of the Egyptian officials.
Warminster: Aris and Phillips. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 7 KAN
Montserrat, D. and L. Meskell 1997. Mortuary Archaeology and Religious Landscape
at Graeco-Roman Deir el-Medina. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 83:
179-197. Available through JSTOR
Näser, C. 1999. Cemetery 214 at Abu Simbel North: Non-elite burial practices in
meroitic Lower Nubia. In Welsby, D. (ed.), Recent research in Kushite history
and archaeology. Proceedings of the 8 th International Conference for meroitic
Studies, 19-28. London: British Museum Press. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS B
60 WEL
Naguib, S.-A. 2008. Survivals of Pharaonic Religious Practices in Contemporary
Coptic Christianity. In Dieleman, J. and W. Wendrich (eds.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/27v9z5m8
Parker Pearson, M. 1999. The archaeology of death and burial. Stroud: Sutton. INST
ARCH AH PAR; ISSUE DESK IOA PAR 8
Raven, M. J. 2005. Egyptian Concepts on the Orientation of the Human Body. The
Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 91: 3752. Available through JSTOR
Richards, J. E. 2005. Society and death in ancient Egypt: mortuary landscapes of the
Middle Kingdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. EGYPTOLOGY E
7 RIC
Riggs, C. 2005. The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt: Art, Identity, and Funerary
Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press. EGYPTOLOGY R 5 RIG
15
Smith, M. 2009. Democratization of the Afterlife. In Dieleman, J. and W. Wendrich
(eds.),
UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/70g428wj
Tailor, J. 2008. Changes in the afterlife. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), Egyptian Archaeology,
220-240. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. EGYPTOLOGY A 6 WEN
Theben Mapping Project (including Valley of the Kings), headed by Kent Weeks:
http://www.thebanmappingproject.com/
Ucko, P. 1969. Ethnography and the archaeological interpretation of funerary
remains. World Archaeology 1: 262-90. www.jstor.org
Vleeming, S. P. 1998. Some mummy labels in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New
York. In Clarysse, W. and A. Schoors, H. Willems (eds.), Egyptian religion:
The last thousand years. Studies dedicated to the memory of Jan
Quaegebeur, 474-515. Leuven: Peeteres. EGYPTOLOGY R 5 CLA
3
Egyptian temples and religion, 22.01.2013 (RB)
Egyptian temples are the focus of royal Egyptian religion and form, due to their
excellent states of preservation, even today a remarkable feature in the landscape of
Egypt. Whereas the pyramid temples of the Old Kingdom focus on the royal funerary
cult there is a shift of royal building activity towards the temples of goddesses and
gods in the New Kingdom and Late Period. In the diachronic perspective Egypt
seems to undergo a transformation from a funerary to a temple religion. We will
review the material evidence of Egyptian temples and consider their role in the wider
context of Egyptian society and culture.
Essential reading:
Kemp, B. J., 1995. How religious were the ancient Egyptians? Cambridge
Archaeological Journal 5: 25-54. INST ARCH PERS and www.jstor.org
Pinch, G. and E. A. Waraksa 2009. Votive Practices. In Dieleman, J. and W.
Wendrich (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7kp4n7rk
Further reading:
Assmann, J. 2001. Temple as Cosmos. In Assmann, J., The search for God in
ancient Egypt. Translated from the German by David Lorton, 35-40. Ithaca:
Cornell University Press.
Baines, J. 1987. Practical Religion and Piety. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
73: 79-98. Available through www.jstor.org
Coppens, F. 2009. Temple Festivals of the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods. In
Dieleman, J. and W. Wendrich (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los
Angeles. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4cd7q9mn
Darnell, J. C. 2010. Opet Festival. In Dieleman, J. and W. Wendrich (eds.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4739r3fr
Gundlach, R. 2001. Temples. In Redford, D. B. (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of
Ancient Egypt, vol. III, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 363-379. EGYPT A 2
OXF
Kemp, B. 1972. Temple and town in ancient Egypt. In Ucko, P. J. and R. Tringham,
G. W. Dimbleby (eds.), Man, settlement and urbanism: Proceedings of a
meeting of the Research Seminar in Archaeology and Related Subjects held
16
at the Institute of Archaeology, London University, 657-680. London:
Duckworth.
Kemp, B.J., 2006. Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilization. 2nd edition. London:
Routledge, 111-135. INST ARCH ISSUE DESK KEM; EGYPTOLOGY B 5
KEM
Pinch, G. 2006. Magic in ancient Egypt. Revised edition. London: British Museum
Press. EGYPTOLOGY R 5 PIN
Quirke, S., 1992. Ancient Egyptian religion. London: British Museum Press.
EGYPTOLOGY R 5 QUI
Shafer, B. E. (ed.), 1998. Temples of ancient Egypt. London: Tauris Publ.
EGYPTOLOGY R 5 SHA
Shafer, B. E. and J. Baines (ed.) 1991. Religion in ancient Egypt: Gods, myths, and
personal practice. London: Routledge. EGYPTOLOGY R 5 SHA
Spencer, N. 2010. Shrine. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology,
Los Angeles. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/5t48n007
Stadler, M. 2008. Procession. In Dieleman, J. and W. Wendrich (eds.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/679146w5
Stevens, A. 2009. Domestic Religious Practices. In Wendrich. W. and J. Dieleman
(eds.),
UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7s07628w
Wilkinson, R. H. 2000. The complete temples of ancient Egypt. Yew York: Thames
and Hudson. EGYPT K 7 WIL
Sullivan, E. A., 2010. Karnak: Development of the Temple of Amun-Ra. In Wendrich,
W.
(ed.),
UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/1f28q08h
Zivie-Coche, C. 2008. Late Period Temples. In Wendrich, W. (ed.) UCL An
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/30k472wh
Extended reading:
Adams, B. 1999. Early temples at Hierakonpolis and Beyond. In Śliwa, J. (ed.),
Centenary of Mediterranean archaeology, 1897-1997: Internation Symposium,
Cracow, October 1997, 15-28. Cracow: Jagiellonian University. INST ARCH
DBA 100 JAG, Teaching Collection
Assmann, Jan 1989. State and religion in the New Kingdom, in Allen, James P. (ed.):
Religion and philosophy in Ancient Egypt, 55–88. New Haven: Yale University.
EGYPTOLOGY R 5 ALL
Assmann, J. 1992. Semiosis and Interpretation in Ancient Egyptian Religion. In
Scharfstein, B.-A. (ed.). Interpretation in religion. Leiden, New York: Brill.
ANCIENT HISTORY A 74 BID, Teaching Collection
Assmann, J. 1992. Akhanyati’s theology of light and time. Jerusalem: Israel Academy
of Sciences and Humanities. EGYPTOLOGY R 5 ASS, Teaching Collection
Assmann, J., 2001. The search for god in ancient Egypt. Translated from the German
by David Lorton. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. EGYPTOLOGY R 5 ASS
Baines, J. 1997. Temples as symbols, guarantors and participants in Egyptian
civilization. In Quirke, S. (ed.), The temple in ancient Egypt: new discoveries
and recent research, 216-241. London: British Museum Press.
17
Bussmann, R. 2010. Die Provinztempel Ägyptens von der 0. Bis zur 11. Dynastie.
Archäologie und Geschichte einer gesellschaftlichen Institution zwischen
Residenz und Provinz. Boston, Leiden: Brill. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS K 7
BUS
Bussmann, R. 2011. Local traditions in early Egyptian temples. In Friedman, R. F.
and P. N. Fiske (eds.), Egypt at its origins 3: Proceedings of the Third
International Conference “Origin of the State. Predynastic and Early Dynastic
Egypt”, 747-762. Leuven, Paris, Walpole: Peeters Publishers. EGYPTOLOGY
A 6 FRI
Fogelin, L. 2007. The archaeology of ritual. Annual Review of Anthropology 36: 5571. Available through SFX
Hornung, E., 1983. Conceptions of God in ancient Egypt. The one and the many.
Translated from the German by John Baines. London: Routledge and Kegan
Paul. EGYPTOLOGY B 20 HOR
Pinch, G. 1993. Votive offerings to Hathor. Oxford: Griffith Institute. EGYPTOLGOY
R 5 PIN
Renfrew, C. 1985. The Archaeology of Cult. The Sanctuary at Phylakopi. London:
British Museum Press. (Introduction and chapter 1 “Towards a framework of
the archaeology of cult practice”). INST ARCH DAG 10 REN
Sadek, A. I. 1987. Popular religion in Egypt during the New Kingdom. Hildesheim:
Gerstenberg. EGYPTOLOGY R 5 SAD (one copy is held at Issue Desk of IoA)
Seidlmayer, S. J. 1996. Town and state in the early Old Kingdom. A view from
Elephantine. In Spencer, A. J. (ed.), Aspects of early Egypt, 108-127. London:
British Museum Press. (especially 115-119)
Stevens, a. 2003. The Material Evidence for domestic religion at Amarna and
preliminary remarks on its interpretation. The Journal for Egyptian
Archaeology 89: 143-168. Available through www.jstor.org
4
Settlement and landscape archaeology in Egypt, 29.01.2013 (RB)
Settlement archaeology was rather poorly developed in Egyptian Archaeology until
major fieldwork projects were directed towards settlements from the 1970s onward.
Wilkinson’s famous statement “Egypt is a civilization without cities” (1960) can be
challenged today on a much better empirical basis. However, settlements are still
underrepresented in the archaeological record due to both a research bias towards
monumental religious buildings and environmental factors. Egyptian Archaeologists
have more recently started to recognize the importance of wider landscape
archaeology, geophysical investigations and exploration of landscape within the
symbolic communication of society. This lecture will present some of the major
settlement sites of ancient Egypt in the light of discussions of urbanism and
landscape archaeology.
Essential reading:
Bietak, M. 1979. Urban Archaeology and the “Town Problem” in Ancient Egypt. In
Weeks, K. (ed.), Egyptology and the social sciences: Five studies. 97-144.
ISSUE DESK IOA WEE; EGYPTOLOGY A 6 WEE
Richards, J. 1999. Conceptual landscapes in the Egyptian Nile Valley. In Ashmore,
W. and B. Knapp, Archaeologies of landscape, 83-98. Oxford: Blackwell
Publisher. INST ARCH BD ASH; ISSUE DESK IOA ASH 5; ISSUE DESK IOA
ASH 6
18
Further reading:
Amarna Project (with more bibliography): http://www.amarnaproject.com/index.shtml
Emery, V. L. 2011. Mud-Brick Architecture. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4983w678
Fairman, H. W. 1949. Town Planning in Pharaonic Egypt. The Town Planning
Review 20/1: 32-51. Available through www.jstor.org
Jeffreys, D. 2008. Regionality, cultural, and cultic landscapes. In Wendrich, W. (ed.),
Egyptian Archaeology, 102-118. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. EGYPTOLOGY
A 6 WEN
Kemp, B. J. 1977. The city of el-Amarna as a source for the study of urban society in
ancient Egypt. World Archaeology 9: 124-139. INST ARCH PERS and
available online through SFX
Kemp, B. J. 1977. The early development of towns in Egypt. Antiquity 51: 185-200.
Available online through SFX
Kemp, B. 1972. Temple and town in ancient Egypt. In Ucko, P. J. and R. Tringham,
G. W. Dimbleby (eds.), Man, settlement and urbanism: Proceedings of a
meeting of the Research Seminar in Archaeology and Related Subjects held
at the Institute of Archaeology, London University, 657-680. London:
Duckworth.
Kemp, B.J., 1989. Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilization. 1st edition, 261-317.
London: Routledge. INST ARCH ISSUE DESK KEM; EGYPTOLOGY B 5
KEM This chapter can be found only in the first edition of the book!
Kemp, B.J., 2006. Ancient Egypt. Anatomy of a Civilization. 2nd edition, 193-244.
London: Routledge. INST ARCH ISSUE DESK KEM; EGYPTOLOGY B 5
KEM
Kemp, B. J. 2012. The City of Akhenaten and Nefertit: Amarna and Its People.
London: Thames & Hudson. (Ordered for IoA library)
Hassan, F. 1993. Town and village in ancient Egypt: Ecology, society and
urbanization. In Shaw, T. (ed.), The archaeology of Africa: Food, metals and
towns, 551-569. London: Routledge.
Redford, D. B. 1997. The ancient Egyptian ‘city’: figment or reality?. In Aufrecht, W.
E. and N. A. Mirau, S. W. Gauley (ed.), Urbanism in antiquity: From
Mesopotamia to Crete, 210-220. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
Szpakowska, K. M. 2008. Daily Life in Ancient Egypt: Recreating Lahun. Malden,
Oxford: Blackwell. EGYPTOLOGY B 20 SZP
Wenke, R., 1998. City-States, Nation-States, and Territorial States. The problem of
Egypt. In Nichols, D. L. and T. H. Charlton (eds.), The archaeology of citystates: Cross-cultural approaches, 27-49. London: Smithsonian Institution
Press.
Wilson, J. A. 1960. New Kingdom Egypt: Civilization without cities. In Kraeling, C. H.
and M. Adams (eds.), City invincible: A symposium on Urbanization and
Cultural Development in the Ancient Near East held at the Oriental Institute of
the University of Chicago, December 4-7, 1958, 124-164. Chicago: Chicago
University Press. ANCIENT HISTORY A 64 KRA
19
Extended reading:
Alson, R. and R. D. Alston 1997. Urbanism and the Urban Community in Roman
Egypt. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 83: 199-216. Available through
www.jstor.org
Bietak, M. 1996. Avaris: The capital of the Hyksos. Recent excavations at Tell elDaba, London: British Museum Press. ISSUE DESK IOA BIE 2;
EGYPTOLOGY E 100 BIE
Bietak, M. and E. Czerny 2010. Cities and urbanism in ancient Egypt. Wien: Verlag
der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. EGYPTOLOGY
QUARTOS E 20 BIE
Butzer, K. W. 1976. Early hydraulic civilization in Egypt. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press. EGYPTOLOGY B 5 BUT; ISSUE DESK IOA BUT
Eyre, C. 1999. The village economy in Pharaonic Egypt. In Rogan, E. L. and A. K.
Bowman (eds.), Agriculture in Egypt: From Pharaonic to modern times, 33-60.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hoffman, M. A., Hamroush, H. A., Allen, R. O. 1986. A Model of Urban Development
for the Hierakonpolis Region from Predynastic through Old Kingdom Times.
Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 23: 175-187. Available
through www.jstor.org
Kemp, B. J. 1987. The Amarna workmen’s village in retrospect. The Journal of
Egyptian Archaeology 73: 21-50. Available through www.jstor.org
Lehner, M. 2008. Villages and the Old Kingdom. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), Egyptian
Archaeology, 85-101. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. EGYPTOLOGY A 6 WEN
Marcus, E. S. 2006. Venice on the Nile? On the maritime character of Tell Dab’a. In:
Czerny, E. et al., Timelines: Studies in honour of Manfred Bietak, vol. II, 187190. INST ARCH DBA 100 Qto, Teaching Collection
Moreno García, J. C. 2011. Village. In Frood, E. and W. Wendrich (eds.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4fs1k0w9
Mumford, G. D. 2010. Settlements – Distribution, Structure, Architectonic: Pharaonic.
In Lloyd, A. B. (ed.), A Companion to Ancient Egypt I, 326-349. Chichester:
Wiley-Blackwell. EGYPTOLOGY A 5 LLO
Quirke, S. 2005. Lahun: A town in Egypt 1800 BC, and the history of its landscape.
London: Golden House Publications. (Egyptian Sites). EGYPTOLOGY E 100
QUI
Rathbone, D. 1990. Villages, land and population in Graeco-Roman Egypt. In The
Cambridge classical journal: proceedings of the Cambridge Philological
Society 36: 103-142.
Seidlmayer, S. J. 1996. Town and state in the early Old Kingdom. A view from
Elephantine. In Spencer, A. J. (ed.), Aspects of early Egypt, 108-127. London:
British Museum Press.
Shaw, I. 1992. Ideal homes in Ancient Egypt: the archaeology of social aspiration.
Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2/2: 147-166. Available online through SFX
Tilley, Christopher Y. 2010. Interpreting landscapes: Geologies, topographies,
identities. Walnut Creek, California: Left Coast Press. INST ARCH DA 100 TIL
Trigger, B. G. 1965. History and settlement in Lower Nubia. New Haven: Department
of Anthropology, University of Yale. EGYPTOLOGY B 60 TRI
Yoffee, N. 2005.The meanings of cities in the earliest states and civilizations. In
Yoffee, N., Myths of the Archaic State. Evolution of the Earliest Cities, States,
20
and Civilizations, 42-90. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. INST ARCH
BC 100 YOF; ISSUE DESK IOA YOF 4; available online through SFX
5
Egyptian history and prehistory, 05.02.2013 (RB)
Egypt’s history started several 100,000 years ago and lasts until the present day.
Egyptian Archaeology focuses predominantly on the Pharaonic period (ca. 3300-30
BC) and to a lesser degree on prehistoric periods starting after the last Ice Age (ca.
10000-3300 BC), and some Roman sites (30 BC-395 AD) while the long prehistory of
Egypt, Coptic/Byzantine, Islamic, and modern Egypt usually fall behind. This lecture
synthesizes issues covered in previous sessions in an historical perspective and
explores major long-term dynamics of environmental, social, and cultural change
from Egyptian prehistory to modern times. The attempt to structure the past in a
meaningful frame is already reflected in ancient Egyptian historiography. One focus
will be on the ways in which ancient Egyptians dealt with their past and how material
culture and written evidence are used today to write Egyptian history.
Essential reading:
Spalinger, A.. J. 2001. Chronology and Periodization. In Rdford, D. B. (ed.), The
Oxford encyclopedia of ancient Egypt, Vol. I, 264-268. Oxford University
Press.
Bard, K. A. 1994. The Egyptian Predynastic: A Review of the Evidence. Journal of
Field Archaeology 21/3: 265-288. Available through www.jstor.org
Further reading:
Baines, J. 2008. On the evolution, purpose and forms and Egyptian annals. In Engel,
E.-M. and V. Müller, U. Hartung (eds.), Zeichen aus dem Sand: Streiflichter
aus Ägyptens Geschichte zu Ehren von Günter Dreyer, 19-40. Wiesbaden:
Harrassowitz. EGYPTOLOGY A 6 DRE
Bard, K. 2007. An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Malden, Mass.,
Oxford: Blackwell. (especially p. 23-44). EGYPTOLOGY A 5 BAR, ISSUE
DESK IOA BAR 29
Eyre, C. 1996. Is Egyptian historical literature 'historical' or 'literary'? In Loprieno, A.
(ed.), Ancient Egyptian Literature: History and forms, 415-434. Leiden, New
York, Cologne: Brill. Teaching collection no 2578
Little, B. J. 1992. Text-Aided Archaeology. In Little, B. J., Text-aided archaeology, 16. London: CRC Press.
Gozzoli, R. B. 2009. History and Stories in Ancient Egypt: Theoretical issues and the
myth of the eternal return. In Fitzenreiter, M. (ed.), Das Ereignis:
Geschichtsschreibung zwischen Vorfall und Befund, 103-115. London: Golden
House
Publications.
http://www2.hu-berlin.de/nilus/netpublications/ibaes10/publikation/gozzoli_ibaes10.pdf
Palaima, T. 2003. Archaeology and Text: Decipherment, Translation and
Interpretation. In Papadopoulos, J. K. and R. M. Leventhal (eds.), Theory and
practice in Mediterranean archaeology: Old World and New World
perspectives, 45-73. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University
of California.
21
Redford, D. B. 1979. The Historiography of Ancient Egypt. In Weeks, K. (ed.),
Egyptology and the social sciences: Five studies. 3-20. ISSUE DESK IOA
WEE; EGYPTOLOGY A 6 WEE
Redford, D. B. 2008. History and Egyptology. In Wilkinson, R. (ed.), Egyptology
Today, 23-35. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press EGYPTOLOGY A 9
WIL
Richards, J. 2002. Text and Context in late Old Kingdom Egypt: The Archaeology
and Historiography of Weni the Elder. Journal of the American Research
Center in Egypt 39: 75–102. Available through www.jstor.org
Ryholt, K. 2009. Egyptian historical literature from the Greco-Roman period. In
Fitzenreiter, M. (ed.), Das Ereignis: Geschichtsschreibung zwischen Vorfall
und Befund, 231-238. London: Golden House Publications. http://www2.huberlin.de/nilus/net-publications/ibaes10/publikation/ryholt_ibaes10.pdf
Shaw, I., (ed.) 2000. The Oxford History of ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University
Press. (especially p. 1-16) EGYPTOLOGY B 5 SHA, ISSUE DESK SHA
Tait, J. (ed.) 2003. Never had the like occurred: Egypt’s view of its past. London: UCL
Press. EGYPTOLOGY B 20 TAI; ISSUE DESK IOA TAI 2
Trigger, B. G. 1983. The rise of Egyptian civilization. In Trigger, B. G., and B. Kemp,
A. Lloyd, D. O’Connor, Ancient Egypt: A social history, 1-70. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Wengrow, D. 2006. The Archaeology of Early Egypt: Social Transformation in NorthEast Africa, 10,000 to 2650 BC. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
EGYPT B 11 WEN, ISSUE DESK IOA WEN 7
Wenke, R. 1991. The evolution of early Egyptian civilization: Issues and evidence.
Journal of world prehistory 5: 279-329.
Extended reading:
Assmann, J. 2002. The mind of Egypt: History and meaning in the time of the
Pharaohs. Translated from the German by Andrew Jenkins. New York:
Metropolitan Books. EGYPTOLOGY B 12 ASS
Brand, P. 2010. Reuse and Restoration. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia
of Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vp6065d
Bard, K.A., 1994. From Farmers to Pharaohs. Mortuary Evidence for the Rise of
Complex Society in Egypt. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.
EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS E 7 BAR
Grajetzki, W. 2006. The middle kingdom of ancient Egypt: history, archaeology and
society. London: Duckworth. EGYPTOLOGY B 12 GRA
Hicks, D. and M. C. Beaudry (eds.) 2006. The Cambridge Companion to Historical
Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. INST ARCH AH HIC
Moorley, N. 2004. Theories, models and concepts in ancient history. London:
Routledge. ANCIENT HISTORY A 8 MOR
Redford, D. B. 1986. Pharaonic King-lists, annals and day-books: A contribution to
the Study of the Egyptian sense of history. Mississauga, Ontario: Benben
Publications. EGYPTOLOGY B 20 RED
Sauer, E. (ed.) 2004. Archaeology and ancient history: Breaking down the
boundaries. London: Routledge.
Trigger, B. and B. J. Kemp, A. Lloyd, D. O’Connor 1983. Ancient Egypt: A social
history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. EGYPTOLOGY B 5 TRI;
ISSUE DESK IOA TRI 1
22
Wenke, R. 2009. The Ancient Egyptian State. The Origins of Egyptian Culture (c.
8000-2000 BC). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. EGYPT B 5 WEN
6
Egyptian art and technology, 19.02.2013 (RB)
Egyptian art covers a diverse range of evidence, including tomb and temple
decoration, statues, and smaller pieces of artwork. There has been a strong focus on
stylistic analysis and typology in Egyptian art history. In recent decades, more
complex approaches have been developed, including a discussion of what an image
is, how the world is perceived through indigenous representations, and where art is
situated in wider society. One important aspect in this discussion is the availability
and processing of different materials within the wider organization of technology.
Egyptian representations of different crafts are very explicit in this respect and
present an interesting overlap of art and technology. This lecture reviews some of the
key issues in Egyptian art history and offers an overview of evidence and discussions
on Egyptian technology.
Essential reading
Robins, G. 1997. Principles of Egyptian art. In Robins, G., The art of ancient Egypt by
Robins, 19-24. London: British Museum Press.
Stevens, A, and M. Eccleston 2010. Craft Production and Technology. In Wilkinson,
T. (ed.), The Egyptian World, 146-159, London and New York: Routledge.
EGYPTOLOGY A 5 WIL
Further reading:
Aston, B. G. and A. James, I. Shaw 2000. Stone. In Nicholson, P. T. and I. Shaw
(eds.), Ancient Egyptian materials and technology, 5-77. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Baines, J. 2007. Communication and display: the integration of early Egyptian art and
writing. In Baines, J., Visual and written culture in ancient Egypt, 281-297.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bryan, B. M. 1996. The Disjunction of Text and Image in Egyptian Art. In Simpson,
W. K., and Der Manuelian, P., Freed, R. (eds.), Studies in honor of William
Kelly Simpson I, 161-168. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts.
Bloxam, E. 2010. Quarrying and Mining (Stone). In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9bb918sd
Davis, W. 1989. The canonical tradition in ancient Egyptian art. ambridge: Cambridge
University Press. EGYPTOLOGY M 20 DAV; ISSUE DESK IOA DAV 7
Frandsen, P.J. 1997. On Categorization and Metaphorical Structuring: Some
Remarks on Egyptian Art and Language. Cambridge Archaeological Journal
7/1: 71-104. Available through SFX
Freed, R. 2008. Art of Ancient Egypt. In Wilkinson, R. (ed.), Egyptology Today, 123143. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press EGYPTOLOGY A 9 WIL
Kemp. B. and P. Rose 1991. Proportionality in Mind and Space in Ancient Egypt.
Cambridge Archaeological Journal 1:1 (1991): 103-129. Available through
SFX
23
Laboury, D. 2011. Amarna Art. In Cooney, K. M. and W. Wendrich (eds.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/0n21d4bm
Lucas, A. 1962 [1934]. Ancient Egyptian materials and industries. 4th revised and
enlarged edition. London: E. Arnold. EGYPTOLOGY S 5 LUC; INST ARCH
STORE DCA 300 LUC; INST ARCH TYLECOTE LUC
Nicholson, P. T. and I. Shaw (eds.) 2000. Ancient Egyptian materials and technology.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS S 5 NIC;
ISSUE DESK IOA NIC; ISSUE DESK IAO K Qto NIC
Nicholson, P. T. 2009. Faience Technology. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9cs9x41z
Nicholson, Paul T., 2009, Pottery Production. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/1nq7k84p
Robins, G. 1994. Proportion and style in ancient Egyptian art. London: Thames and
Hudson. EGYPTOLOGY M 20 ROB
Robins, G. 1997. The art of ancient Egypt. London: British Museum Press.
EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS M 5 ROB
Samuel, D. 1999. Bread Making and Social Interactions at the Amarna Workmen’s
Village. World Archaeology 31/1: 121-144. Available through www.jstor.org
Schäfer, H. 2002. Principles of Egyptian art. Edited with an epilogue by Emma
Brunner-Traut. Translated and edited with an introduction by John Baines.
Foreword by E. H. Gombrich. Oxford: Griffith Institute. EGYPTOLOGY M 5
SCH; ISSUE DESK IOA SCH 10
Stevenson Smith, W. 1981 [1958]. The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt. 2nd
edition. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS K 5 SMI
Wengrow, D. 2009. Predynastic Art. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of
Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/5gk265x0
Extended reading:
Arnold, D. and J. Bourriau (eds.) 1993. An introduction to ancient Egyptian pottery.
Mainz am Rhein: Zabern. EGYPTOLOLGY QUARTOS M 20 ARN; ISSUE
DESK IOA INST ARCH ARN
Aston, B. G. 1994. Ancient Egyptian stone vessels: Materials and forms. Heidelberg:
Orientverlag. EGYPTOLOGY E 7 AST
Baines, J. 2000. Stone and other materials in Ancient Egypt: Usages and Values, In
Karlshausen, C. and T. d Putter, Pierres égyptiennes: Chefs d'œuvre pour
l'Éternité, 29-41. Mons: Faculté Polytechnic de Mons. Teaching Collection no.
2497; EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS M 10 KAR
Baines, J. 2007. Visual and written culture in ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford
University Press. EGYPTOLOGY B 20 BAI; ISSUE DESK IOA BAI
Bloxam, E. and P. Storemyr 2002. Old Kingdom Basalt Quarrying Activities at Widan
el-Faras, Northern Faiyum Desert. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 88:
23-36. Available through www.jstor.org
Borg, B. 1996. Mumienporträts: Chronologie und kultureller Kontext. Mainz:von
Zabern. EGYPTOLOGY M 20 BOR
Borg, B. E. 2010. Painted Funerary Portraits. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7426178c
24
Corcoran, L. H. 1995. Portrait mummies from Roan Egypt (I-IV centuries A.D.). With
a catalogue of portrait mummies in Egyptian museums. Chicago: Oriental
Institute of the University of Chicago. EGYPTOLOGY M 20 COR
Cruz-Uribe, E. 2008. Graffiti (Figural). In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of
Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7v92z43m
Laboury, D. 2010. Portrait versus Ideal Image. In Wendrich. W. (ed.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9370v0rz
McDonald, M. M. A. 1991. Technological Organization and Sedentism in the
Epipalaeolithic of Dakhleh Oasis. The African Archaeological Review 9: 81109. Available through www.jstor.org
Nicholson, P. and H. Patterson 1985. Pottery Making in Upper Egypt: An
Ethnoarchaeological Study. World Archaeology 17/2: 222-239. Available
through www.jstor.org
Nicholson, P. T. and H. L. Patterson 1989. Ceramic Technology in Upper Egypt: A
Study of Pottery Firing. World Archaeology 21/1: 71-86. Available through
www.jstor.org
Nicholson, P. T. 2010. Kilns and Firing Structures. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/47x6w6m0
Samuel, D. 1996. Investigation of Ancient Egyptian Baking and Brewing Methods.
Science, New Series 273 (no. 5274, Jul. 26): 488-490. Available through
www.jstor.org
Shortland, A. 2009. Glass Production. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), UCLA Encyclopedia of
Egyptology, Los Angeles. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4jv3f665
Siebels, R. 1996. The wearing of sandals in Old Kingdom tomb decoration. Bulletin of
the Australian Centre for Egyptology 7: 75-88. INST ARCH PERS
Tanner, J. (ed.), The sociology of art. London: Routledge. Main Library ART BA TAN
Tooley, A. M. J. 1995. Egyptian models and scenes. Princes Risborough: Shire
Egyptology. EGYPTOLOGY M 20 TOO
Trigger, B. 2003. Elite Art and Architecture, In Trigger, B., Understanding Early
Civilizations: A comparative study, 541-583. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press. INST ARCH BC 100 TRI; ISSUE DESK IOA TRI 8
Vandier, J. 1952-78. Maunel d’archéologie égyptienne. 6 volumes. Paris: Picard.
EGYPTOLGY K 5 VAN
Voglesang-Eastwood, G. 1993. Pharaonic Egyptian clothing. Leiden, New York: Brill.
EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS M 20 VOG
Wodzińska, A. 2009-2010. A manual of Egyptian pottery. Boston: Ancient Egyptian
Research Associates. EGYOTOLGY M 20 WOD
7
Methods and theories in Egyptian Archaeology (Group 1) (RB)
Visit of Petrie Museum (Group 2) (DC, MP), 26.02.2013
The class will be split for this session. Group 1 will remain in class for a lecture on
Methods and Theories in Egyptian Archaeology while group 2 meets at the Petrie
Museum of Egyptian Archaeology.
Group 1: Egyptian Archaeologists have only recently started to engage more
seriously with debates in archaeological theory while advanced archaeological
methods are widely used both in fieldwork and analysis. This lecture aims to clarify
interrelated terms like “method”, “model”, “hypothesis”, “theory”, and “paradigm” and
25
reviews a series of fieldwork and analytical methods used by Egyptian
Archaeologists. It will be demonstrated that methods are intricately linked to
theoretical frameworks some of which have been discussed in archaeological theory
since the 1960’s. The lecture addresses the benefit arising from Egyptologists’
engagement with wider archaeological theory, reflection on the genesis of the
discipline, comparative analysis, and debates of cultural heritage.
Group 2: The visit of the museum will familiarize the students with the history and
organization of the Petrie Museum, the current display of objects excavated primarily
in the later 19th and early 20th century, and issues of cultural heritage. Knowledge of
the internationally outstanding collection and its use for teaching and research are
vital for the second essay.
Essential reading Theories and Methods:
Bard, K. 2007. Egyptian Archaeology: Definitions and History. In Bard, K., An
Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, 1-21. Malden, Mass.,
Oxford: Blackwell. EGYPTOLOGY A 5 BAR, ISSUE DESK IOA BAR 29
Johnson, M. 1999. Common sense is not enough. In Johnson, M., Archaeological
theory: An introduction, 1-11. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1999.
Further reading Theories and Methods:
el-Daly, O. 2003. Ancient Egypt in medieval Arabic writings. In Ucko, P. J. and T. C.
Champion, The wisdom of ancient Egypt: Changing visions through the ages,
39-63. London: UCL Press, 2003, pages 39-63.
O’Connor, D. 1974. Political Systems and Archaeological Data in Egypt: 2600-1780
B. C. World Archaeology 6/1: 15-38. Available through www.jstor.org
Jeffreys, D. (ed.) 2003. Views of ancient Egypt since Napoleon Bonaparte.
Imperialism, conolialism and modern appropriations. London: UCL Press.
Köhler, E. C. 2008. Theories of state formation. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), Egyptian
Archaeology, 36-54. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. EGYPTOLOGY A 6 WEN
Lustig, J. (ed.) 1997. Anthropology and Egyptology: A developing Dialogue. Sheffield:
Sheffield Academic Press. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS A 9 LUS
Meskell, L. 1999. Archaeologies of social life. Age, sex, class et cetera in ancient
Egypt. Oxford: Blackwell. EGYPTOLOGY B 20 MES
Meskell, L. 2004. Object worlds in ancient Egypt. Material biographies past and
present. Oxford: Berg. EGYPTOLOGY B 20 MES
Parcak, S. H. 2008. Site survey in Egyptology. In In Wilkinson, R. (ed.), Egyptology
Today, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 61-76. EGYPTOLOGY A 9
WIL
Reid, D.M. 1985. Indigenous Egyptology: The decolonization of a profession. Journal
of the American Oriental Society 105: 233-246. Available through
www.jstor.org
Tite M. S. 1999 Pottery Production, distribution, and consumption – the contribution
of the physical sciences. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 6(3):
181-233. Available through www.jstor.org
Vishak, D. Agency in Old Kingdom elite tomb programs: Traditions, locations, and
variable meanings. In Fitzenreiter, M. (ed.), Dekorierte Grabanlagen im Alten
Reich: Methodik und Interpretation, 255-276. London: Golden House
Publication.
Online
Available
http://www2.hu-berlin.de/nilus/netpublications/ibaes6/publikation/ibaes6-vischak.pdf
26
Derricourt, R. 2011. Ancient Egypt and African sources of civilisation. In Derricourt,
R., Inventing Africa: History, archaeology and ideas, 103-119. New York: Pluto
Books. INST ARCH DC 100 DER
Extended reading Theories and Methods:
Assmann, J. and J. Czaplicka 1995. Collective Memory and Cultural Identity. New
German Critique 65: 125-133. Available through www.jstor.org
el-Daly, O. 2005. Egyptology. The missing millennium. Ancient Egypt in medieval
Arabic writings. London: UCL Press. EGYPTOLOGY A 8 ELD
Hodder, I. 2003. Reading the past: Current approaches to interpretation in
archaeology. 3rd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. INST ARCH
AH HOD; Sciences Library: ANTHROPOLGY C9 HOD
Johnson, M. (2010). Archaeological Theory. An Introduction. 2nd edition. Malden,
Oxford, Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. INST ARCH AH JOH; ISSUE DESK IOA
JOH 5
Mallory-Greenough, L. M. 2002. The Geographical, Spatial, and Temporal
Distribution of Predynastic and First Dynasty. The Journal of Egyptian
Archaeology 88: 67-93. Available through www.jstor.org
Meskell, L. and R. Preucel (eds.) 2004. A companion to social archaeology. Malden,
MA: Blackwell. INST ARCH AG MES
Nyord, R. and A. Kjoelby (eds.) 2009. "Being in ancient Egypt". Thoughts on agency,
materiality and cognition. Oxford: Archaeopress. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS A
6 NYO
Renfrew, C. and P. Bahn 2008. Archaeology: Theories, methods, and practice. 5th
edition. London: Thames and Hudson. INST ARCH AH REN; ISSUE DESK
IOA REN 2
Richards, J. (ed.) 2000. Order, Legitimacy, and Wealth in Ancient States. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. INST ARCH BC 100 RIC
Said, E. 1995. Afterword. In Said, E. W., Orientalism, 329-354. London: Penguin.
Note: The afterword is in the 1995 and later reprints, not in the earlier 1978
edition.
Orton, C. and P. Tyers, A. Vince, Production and distribution: chapter 15. In Orton, C.
and P. Tyers, A. Vince Pottery in archaeology, 197-206. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press
Trigger, B. 2003. Understanding Early Civilizations: A comparative study. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. INST ARCH BC 100 TRI; ISSUE DESK IOA TRI
8
Trigger. B. 2007. A history of archaeological thought. 2nd edition. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press. INST ARCH AG TRI; ISSUE DESK IOA TRI 2
Wilkinson, T. A. H. 1996. State formation in Egypt: Chronology and society. Oxford:
Tempus Reparatum. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS B 11 WILL; INST ARCH
DCA 100 WIL
Weeks, K. (ed.) 1979, Egyptology and the social sciences: Five studies. 97-144.
ISSUE DESK IOA WEE; EGYPTOLOGY A 6 WEE
Yoffee, N. 2005. Myths of the Archaic State. Evolution of the Earliest Cities, States,
and Civilizations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. INST ARCH BC
100 YOF; ISSUE DESK IOA YOF 4; parts of the book are published on
www.books.google.com
27
Essential reading Visit Petrie Museum:
Riggs, C. 2010. Ancient Egypt in the Museum: Concepts and Constructions. In Lloyd,
A. B. (ed.), A Companion to Ancient Egypt II, 1129-1153. Chichester: WileyBlackwell. EGYPTOLOGY A 5 LLO
http://www.petrie.ucl.ac.uk/index2.html
http://www.museums.ucl.ac.uk/
Further reading Visit Petrie Museum:
Hassan, F. 1998. Memorabilia: Archaeological materiality and national identity in
Egypt. In Meskell, L. (ed.), Archaeology under fire: Nationalism, politics and
heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, 200-216. London:
Routledge.
Hassan, F. 2008. Egypt in the memory of the world. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), Egyptian
Archaeology, 259-273. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. EGYPTOLOGY A 6 WEN
Henare, A. J. M. and M. Holbraad, S. Wastell 2007. Introduction: Thinking through
things. In Henare, A. J. M. and M. Holbraad, S. Wastell (eds.), Thinking
through things: Theorising artefacts ethnographically, 1-31, London:
Routledge.
Kopytoff, I. 1986. The cultural biography of things: Commodization as process. In
Appadurai, A. (ed.), The social life of things: Commodities in cultural
perspective, 64-91. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Meskell, L. 2002. The intersections of identity and politics in archaeology. Annual
Review of Anthropology 31: 279-301. Available through www.jstor.org
Newhouse, V. 2005. Art or Archaeology: How Display Defines the Object. In
Newhouse, V., Art and the Power of Placement, 108-140. New York:
Monacelli Press. Main Library ART A 4.9 NEW
Were, G. 2010. Re-engaging the university museum: knowledge, collections and
communities at University College London. Museum Management and
Curatorship 25/3: 291-304.
Extended reading Visit Petrie Museum:
Atkinson, R. 2011. Digging it! Museums Journal 111/07: 22-27.
Quirke, S. 2010. Hidden hands. Egyptian workforces in Petrie excavation archives.
London: Duckworth. EGYPTOLOGY A 8 QUI
Research Information Network, Discovering Physical Objects: Meeting Researchers’
Needs (October, 2008) www.rin.ac.uk
Shanks, M. and C. Tilley 1992 Christopher, Reconstructing Archaeology: Theory and
Practice. London: Routledge. INST ARCH AH SHA; ISSUE DESK IOA SHA
and SHA 3
Stephens, S. 2008. New Perspectives. Museums Journal 108/8: 22-27. Available
through SFX
Stephens, S. 2011. Journey through the Afterlife: Ancient Egyptian Book of the
Dead/Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology. Museums Journal 111/02: 4849. Available through SFX
Wood, M. 1998. The use of the pharaonic past in modern Egyptian nationalism.
Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 35: 179-196. Available
through www.jstor.org
28
8
Methods and theories in Egyptian Archaeology (Group 2) (RB)
Visit of Petrie Museum (Group 1) (DC, MP), 05.03.2012
See session 7. Groups switch!
9
Egyptian society and foreign relations, 12.03.2012 (RB)
While Egyptian culture has been the focus of Egyptologists in the earlier years of the
discipline a greater interest in society has emerged since the 1960’s. Analysis of
Egyptian administration has led to an emphasis on social hierarchies as opposed to
more harmonizing views on ancient Egypt. Diversity is also reflected in body
treatment, cemetery organisation and settlement patterns and is explained with
reference to gender, age, rank, ethnicity and other identity markers. Social change is
difficult to explain but Egypt’s relationship with her neighbours in Africa, the Levant,
Syria, and the wider Ancient Near East through trade, expansion, war, colonialism,
and diplomacy may have played an important role. The Egyptian empire, the New
Kingdom, is characterized by an international court society and a wide range of
different modes of interaction with people outside Egypt. This lecture highlights key
features of Egyptian society in the light of sociological and anthropological
approaches.
Essential reading:
Bietak, M. 1991. Egypt and Canaan during the Middle Bronze Age. Bulletin of the
American Schools of Oriental Research 281: 27-72. Available through
www.jstor.org
Frood, E. 2010. Social Structure and Daily Life: Pharaonic. In Lloyd, A. B. (ed.), A
Companion to Ancient Egypt. Volume 1, 469-490. Chichester: WileyBlackwell. EGYPTOLOGY A 5 LLO
Further reading:
Gilchrist, R. 1999. Experiencing gender: Identity, sexuality and the body. In Gilchrist,
R., Gender and archaeology: Contesting the past, 54-78. London: Routledge.
Campagno, M. 2009. Kinship and Family Relations. In Frood, E. and W. Wendrich
(eds.),
UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zh1g7ch
Cruz-Uribe, E. 2010. Social Structure and Daily Life: Graeco-Roman. In Lloyd, A. B.
(ed.), A Companion to Ancient Egypt. Volume 1, 491-506. Chichester: WileyBlackwell. EGYPTOLOGY A 5 LLO
Grajetzki, W. 2008. Class and society: Positions and possessions. In Wendrich, W.
(ed.), Egyptian Archaeology, 180-199. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
EGYPTOLOGY A 6 WEN
Leahy, M. A. 2000. Ethnic diversity in ancient Egypt. In Sasson, J. M. and J. Baines,
G. M. Beckman, K. S. Rubinson, Civilizations of the ancient Near East, 225–
234. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson.
Meskell, L. 1998. An Archaeology of Social Relations in an Egyptian Village. Journal
of Archaeological Method and Theory 5/3: 209-243. Available through
www.jstor.org
Sparks, R. 2004. Canaan in Egypt: Archaeological evidence for a social
phenomenon. In Bourriay, J. and J. S. Phillips (eds.), Invention and innovation:
The Social Context of Technological Change, 25-54. Oxbow Books.
29
Sweeney, D. 2011. Sex and Gender. In Frood, E. and W. Wendrich (eds.), UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/3rv0t4np
Extended reading:
Adams, William Y. 1977. Nubia: Corridor to Africa. London: Allen Lane.
EGYPTOLOGY B 60 ADA
Bourriau, J. 1991. Relations between Egypt and Kerma during the Middle and New
Kingdoms. In Davies, W. V. (ed.), Egypt and Africa: Nubia from prehistory to
Islam, 129-141. London: British Museum Press.
Bresciani, E. 1968. The Persian occupation of Egypt. In Fisher, W. B. (ed.), The
Cambridge history of Iran 2, 502-528. Cambridge; Cambridge University
Press.
Dann, R. J. 2000. Clothing and the Construction of Identity: Examples from the Old
and New Kingdoms. In McDonald, A. and C. Riggs (eds.), Current Research in
Egyptology 1, 41-43. Oxford: Archaeopress. EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS A 6
MCD
Ingold, T. (ed.) 2002. Companion encyclopedia of anthropology. 2nd edition. London:
Routledge. INST ARCH BD ING; ISSUE DESK IOA ING 2; Science Library
ANTHROPOLOGY A 2 ING
Liverani, M. 2001. International Relations in the Ancient Near East. Basingstoke:
Palgrave. Main Library ANCIENT HISTORY B61 LIV
Morkot, R. G. 200. The black pharaohs: Egypt’s Nubian rulers. London: Rubicon.
EGYPTOLOGY B 60 MOR
Phillips, J. 1997. Punt and Aksum: Egypt and the Horn of Africa. The Journal of
African History 38/3: 423-457.
Redford, D.B. 1995. Egypt, Canaan & Israel in Ancient Times. Cairo: American
University in Cairo Press. DBA 100 RED.
Schneider, T. 2008. Foreigners in Egypt. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), Egyptian
Archaeology, 143-163. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. EGYPTOLOGY A 6 WEN
Shennan, S. 1999. The development of rank societies. In Barker, G. and A. Grant
(eds.), Companion encyclopedia of archaeology, 870-907. London: Routledge.
Trigger, B. 2003. Sociopolitical Organization. In Trigger, B., Unerstanding Early
Civilizations: A comparative study, 71-278. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press. INST ARCH BC 100 TRI; ISSUE DESK IOA TRI 8
Wilfong, T. G. 2008. Gender in Ancient Egypt. In Wendrich, W. (ed.), Egyptian
Archaeology, 164-179. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. EGYPTOLOGY A 6 WEN
10
Writing and texts in ancient Egypt, 19.03.2012 (RB)
Egypt is one of the early complex civilizations that made extensive use of writing.
Although the percentage of full literacy among the Egyptian population seems to be
marginal writing dominates much of the extant pharaonic evidence. This has led
some Egyptologists to believe that all concepts of Egyptian society are expressed in
texts and that archaeology is an illustrative but essentially secondary (and expensive)
comment on the written sources. A specific field of interest within debates on
Egyptian texts is “literature”. Scholars struggle not only to define the term but also to
assess the role of literary texts and the scribe within Egyptian society. Literature
seems an ideal field to develop an understanding of a past society on the basis of its
30
own, often unexpected and surprising, way of making sense of the world. This lecture
provides an overview of Egyptian writing and texts and comments on the potential of
the written word for understanding ancient Egypt.
Essential reading:
Keeper and staff of the Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan 2007. Language and
Writing. In The British Museum Book of Ancient Egypt, new edition, 148-189.
London: British Museum Press. EGYPTOLOGY A 5 SPE
Baines, J. 1995. Literacy, social organization, and the archaeological record: the
case of early Egypt. In Gledhill, J. and B. Bender, M. Larsen, State and
society: The emergence and development of social hierarchy and political
centralization, 192-213. London: Routledge.
Further reading:
Allen, J. P., 2007. Literature. In Wilkinson, T. (ed.), The Egyptian World, London and
New York: Routledge, 388-398. EGYPT A 5 WIL
Baines, J. 2004. The Earliest Egyptian Writing: Development, Context, Purpose. In
Houston, S. D. (Ed.), The first writing: Script invention as history and process,
150-189. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bard, K. 1992. Origins of Egyptian Writing. In Adams, B. and R. Friedman (eds.), The
followers of Horus: Studies dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffmann, 1944-1990,
297-306. Oxford: Oxbow.
Black, J. A. and W. J. Tait 1995. Archives and libraries in the ancient Near East. In
Sasson, J. M. and J. Baines, G. M. Beckman, K. S. Rubinson (eds.),
Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, 2197-2209. Peabody, Mass.:
Hendrickson.
Collier, M. and W. Manley 2003. Chapter 1: Hieroglyphs. In; Collier, M. and W.
Manley, R. Parkinson, How to read Egyptian hieroglyphs: a step-by-step guide
to teach yourself, 1-14. London: British Museum Press.
Davies, W. V. 1987. Egyptian Hieroglyphs. London: British Museum Press.
EGYPTOLOLGY V 8 DAV; INST ARCH GE 16 DAV
Foster, J. L. and A. L. Foster, Ancient Egyptian Literature. In Wilkinson, R. (ed.),
Egyptology Today, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 206-229.
EGYPTOLOGY A 9 WIL
Lazaridis, N. 2010. Education and Apprenticeship. In Frood, E. and W. Wendrich
(eds.),
UCLA
Encyclopedia
of
Egyptology,
Los
Angeles.
http://escholarship.org/uc/item/1026h44g
Shubert, S. B. 2001. Does she or doesn't she? Female literacy in Ancient Egypt. In
Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations Graduate Students' Association (ed.),
Proceedings of the Near & Middle Eastern Civilizations Graduate Students'
Annual Symposia, 1998-2000, 55-76 Toronto: Benben Publications for Near &
Middle Eastern Civilizations Graduate Students' Association, University of
Toronto.
Williams, R. J. 1972. Scribal training in ancient Egypt. Journal of the American
Oriental Society 92: 214-221.
Zinn, K. 2007. Libraries and archives: The organization of collective wisdom in
ancient Egypt. In Cannata, M. (ed.), Current research in Egyptology 2006:
Proceedings of the seventh annual symposium which took place in the
University of Oxford, 169-176. Oxford: Oxbow.
31
Extended reading (see also paragraph “Texts in translation” in chapter 1 “Basic texts”
of this handbook):
Andrén, A, 1998, Between artefact and texts. Historical Archaeology in global
perspective, ISSUE DESK IOA AND 6, INST ARCH AH AND
Baines, J. 1983. Literacy and Ancient Egyptian Society. Man, New Series 18/3: 572599. Available through www.jstor.org
Baines, J. 1999. Forerunners of Narrative Biographies. In Leahy, A., and J. Tait
(eds.), Studies on ancient Egypt in honour of H.S. Smith, 23-37. London:
Egypt Exploration Society.
Baines, J. 1991. Egyptian Myth and Discourse: Myth, Gods, and the Early Written
and Iconographic Record. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 50/2: 81-105.
Available through www.jstor.org
Harris, R. 1986. The tyranny of the alphabet. In Harris, R., The origin of writing, 2956. London: Duckworth.
Loprieno, A. (ed.), 1996. Ancient Egyptian Literature. Leiden, New York, Cologne:
Brill. EGYPTOLOGY V 10 LOP, ISSUE DESK IOA LOP1
Moers, G. (ed.), 1999. Definitely: Egyptian literature. Göttingen: Seminar für
Ägyptologie und Koptologie. EGYPTOLOGY V 10 MOE
Nesbit, M. 1987. What was an author? Yale French studies 73: 229-257. Available
through www.jstor.org
Parkinson, R. B., 2010. Poetry and culture in Middle Kingdom Egypt: A dark side to
perfection. Oakville: Equinox Pub. Ltd. INST ARCH EGYPTOLOGY V 50 PAR
Piquette, K. E. 2008. Re-Materialising Script and Image. In Finch, J. and V. Gashe
(eds.), Current research in Egyptology 2008, 89-107. Oxford: Rutherford.
Ray, J.D. 1986. The emergence of writing in Egypt. World archaeology 17/3: 307316. Available through www.jstor.org
Smith, S. T. 2002. Sealing Practice, Literacy and Administration in the Middle
Kingdom. Cahiers de recherches de l’Institut de Papyrologie et d’Égyptologie
de Lille 22: 173-194. Ask course co-ordinator for copy.
Trigger, B. 2003.Literacy and Specialized Knowledge. In Trigger, B., Understanding
Early Civilizations: A comparative study, 584-625. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press. INST ARCH BC 100 TRI; ISSUE DESK IOA TRI 8
4 ONLINE RESOURCES
The full UCL Institute of Archaeology coursework guidelines are given here:
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/handbook/common/marking.htm.
The full text of this handbook is available here (includes clickable links to Moodle and
online reading lists if applicable) http://www.ucl.ac.uk/silva/archaeology/course-info/.
Moodle
The course is supported by the Moodle course ARCL1005 Introduction to Egyptian
Archaeology. The password is available through the course coordinator.
Online reading list
An online reading list is available through the Moodle Course.
32
Databases, online catalogues, open access resources, link lists
http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/ Digital Egypt for universities run by UCL
http://www.britishmuseum.org/ The British Museum
http://www.fitzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/er/index.html Comprehensive list of Egyptological
online resources run by the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge
http://www.sefkhet.net/Oxford-Net-Res.html
Comprehensive
list
of
Online
Egyptological resources run by Griffith Institute, Oxford
http://www.aigyptos.uni-muenchen.de/ Online bibliographic Database AIGYPTOS
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/Library/database/index.shtml for access to the Online
Egyptological Bibliography (OEB). Click on link, then choose “o” in the alphabetical
list and scroll down the list until you find the database.
http://www.jstor.org/ Online Journal Storage (free access through SFX with UCL user
ID)
http://www.ancientworldonline.blogspot.com/ Portal for open access electronic
resources
http://petriecat.museums.ucl.ac.uk/ Online catalogue of the Petrie Museum
http://www.uee.ucla.edu/ UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology
5
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Libraries and other resources
Most of the books and articles recommended for reading are available in the library
of the Institute of Archaeology. Ask the course-coordinator for help if you cannot find
a book.
UCL libraries: http://library.ucl.ac.uk/
SOAS libraries: http://www.soas.ac.uk/library/
British Library: http://catalogue.bl.uk/
Senate House library: http://www.ull.ac.uk/
Egypt Exploration Society (for members only): http://library.ees.ac.uk/
Attendance
A register will be taken at each class. If you are unable to attend a class, please
notify the lecturer by email. Departments are required to report each student’s
attendance to UCL Registry at frequent intervals throughout each term.
Information for intercollegiate and interdepartmental students
Students enrolled in Departments outside the Institute should collect hard copy of the
Institute’s coursework guidelines from Judy Medrington’s office.
Dyslexia
If you have dyslexia or any other disability, please make your lecturers aware of this.
Please discuss with your lecturers whether there is any way in which they can help
you. Students with dyslexia are reminded to indicate this on each piece of
coursework.
Feedback
In trying to make this course as effective as possible, we welcome feedback from
students during the course of the year. All students are asked to give their views on
the course in an anonymous questionnaire which will be circulated at one of the last
33
sessions of the course. These questionnaires are taken seriously and help the
Course Co-ordinator to develop the course. The summarised responses are
considered by the Institute's Staff-Student Consultative Committee, Teaching
Committee, and by the Faculty Teaching Committee.
If students are concerned about any aspect of this course we hope they will feel able
to talk to the Course Co-ordinator, but if they feel this is not appropriate, they should
consult their Personal Tutor, the Academic Administrator (Judy Medrington), or the
Chair of Teaching Committee (Dr. Mark Lake).
Health and safety
The Institute has a Health and Safety policy and code of practice which provides
guidance on laboratory work, etc. This is revised annually and the new edition will be
issued in due course. All work undertaken in the Institute is governed by these
guidelines and students have a duty to be aware of them and to adhere to them at all
times.
For a glossary of Types of Assessment with Learning Outcomes see the
Undergraduate Handbook
34