THE CHEMISTRY OF ACIDS
AND BASES
ACIDS AND BASES: NAMING
AT THE CONCLUSION OF OUR TIME
TOGETHER, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
1. Name any acid or base
2. Determine if the acid is binary or ternary
(oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming
system
Page 1
NAMING ACIDS
Binary Acids:
Contain “H” and one other element
To Name:
Hydro + second element name + ic + acid
Ex: HCl = Hydro chlorine + ic acid
Hydrochloric acid
HF =
Prefix
Hydro-
Stem or root
of nonmetal
< NM >
Suffix
-ic
acid
HCl is a binary acid – hydrogen - nonmetal
HCl
Hydro chlor ic
HI
H2S
Page 2
acid
NAMING ACIDS (CONT.)
Ternary Acids (oxyacids):
Contain “H”, “O” and one more element
To Name:
Ex:
Polyatomic ion “ate”  “ic” + acid
HNO3 = Nitr-ate  ic + acid
Nitric acid
HClO3 =
An easy way to remember which goes with
which…
“In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky”
NAMING ACIDS (CONT.)
If the acid has one more oxygen than the root
acid, the naming goes as follows:
To Name:
Per + Polyatomic ion “ate”  “ic” + acid
Ex:
HNO4 = Per + Nitr-ate  ic + acid
Pernitric acid
H2SO5 =
Page 3
NAMING ACIDS (CONT.)
If the acid has one less oxygen than the root
acid, the naming goes as follows:
To Name:
Polyatomic ion “ite”  “ous” + acid
Ex: HNO2 = Nitr-ite  ous + acid
Nitrous acid
H2SO3 =
ACID NOMENCLATURE
FLOWCHART
ACIDS
start with 'H'
2 elements
3 elements
hydro- prefix
-ic ending
no hydro- prefix
-ate ending
becomes
-ic ending
-ite ending
becomes
-ous ending
Page 4
Summary of Naming Ternary Acids
ACID NOMENCLATURE REVIEW
• HBr (aq)
• H2CO3
• H2SO3
hydrobromic acid
carbonic acid
sulfurous acid
Page 5
NAME ‘EM!
HI (aq)
HCl (aq)
H2SO3
HNO3
HClO4
NAMING BASES
Name the metal first
Add hydroxide
Ex:
NaOH =
Sodium hydroxide
KOH =
Page 6
PRACTICE NAMING BASES
Formula
Name
NaOH
Sodium hydroxide
Fe(OH)3
Iron (III) hydroxide
Mg(OH)2
Magnesium hydroxide
Ni(OH)2
Nickel (II) hydroxide
NH4OH
Ammonium hydroxide
Acids and Bases: Naming
Let’s see if you can:
1. Name any acid or base
2. Determine if the acid is binary or ternary
(oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming
system
Page 7
NAME HCL.
1. Hydrogen chloride
2. Hydrochloric acid
3. Chloric acid
4. Perchloric acid
5. Chlorous acid
6. Hypochlorus acid
Table
7. I have no idea!!
8. Who cares??
NAME HCLO.
1. Hydrogen chloride
2. Hydrochloric acid
3. Chloric acid
4. Perchloric acid
5. Chlorous acid
6. Hypochlorus acid
7. I have no idea!!
8. Who cares??
Page 8
Table
NAME HCLO3.
1. Hydrogen chloride
2. Hydrochloric acid
3. Chloric acid
4. Perchloric acid
5. Chlorous acid
6. Hypochlorus acid
Table
7. I have no idea!!
8. Who cares??
NAME HCLO4.
1. Hydrogen chloride
2. Hydrochloric acid
3. Chloric acid
4. Perchloric acid
5. Chlorous acid
6. Hypochlorus acid
7. I have no idea!!
8. Who cares??
Page 9
Table
NAME HCLO2.
12%
12%
12%
12%
12%
12%
12%
12%
1. Hydrogen chloride
2. Hydrochloric acid
3. Chloric acid
4. Perchloric acid
5. Chlorous acid
ge
n
ch
Hy
lo
r..
dr
.
oc
hl
or
ic
a.
..
Ch
lo
ric
Pe
ac
id
rc
hl
or
ic
ac
i..
Ch
.
lo
ro
us
Hy
ac
po
id
ch
lo
ro
us
Ih
a.
av
..
e
no
id
ea
...
W
ho
ca
re
s?
?
7. I have no idea!!
Table
Hy
dr
o
6. Hypochlorous acid
8. Who cares??
NAME H2SO4
12%
12%
12%
12%
12%
12%
12%
12%
1. Hydrogen Sulfate
2. Hydrosulfuric acid
3. Sulfuric acid
4. Persulfuric acid
5. Sulfurous acid
7. I have no idea!!
8. Who cares??
Page 10
Table
Hy
dr
og
en
Su
Hy
lfa
dr
...
os
ul
fu
ric
...
Su
l fu
ric
ac
Pe
id
rs
ul
fu
ric
a
c
Su
...
lfu
ro
us
Hy
ac
po
id
su
lfu
ro
us
Ih
...
av
e
no
id
ea
...
W
ho
ca
re
s?
?
6. Hyposulfurous acid
NAME H3PO3
12%
12%
12%
12%
12% 12%
12%
12%
1. Hydrogen phosphite
2. Hydrophosphic acid
3. Phosphoric acid
4. Perphosphic acid
Table
Hy
dr
o
6. Hypophosphorous
acid
ge
n
ph
Hy
os
dr
p.
op
..
ho
sp
Ph
hi
c
os
...
ph
or
ic
Pe
ac
rp
i..
ho
.
sp
h
Ph
ic
os
ac
ph
...
or
Hy
ou
po
sa
ph
c..
.
os
ph
or
ou
Ih
av
...
e
no
id
ea
W
...
ho
ca
re
s?
?
5. Phosphorous acid
7. I have no idea!!
8. Who cares??
NAME HNO.
12%
12%
12%
12%
12%
12%
12%
12%
1. Hydrogen Nitrite
2. Hydronitric acid
3. Nitric acid
4. Pernitric acid
8. Who cares??
Page 11
Table
ni
tr i
ca
cid
Ni
tro
us
Hy
ac
po
id
ni
tr o
us
Ih
ac
...
av
e
no
id
ea
...
W
ho
ca
re
s?
?
id
c..
ac
Ni
tri
c
Pe
r
7. I have no idea!!
Hy
dr
o
ge
n
Hy
dr
on
itr
ic
a
Ni
tr i
...
6. Hyponitrous acid
.
5. Nitrous acid
NAME SR(OH)2
1. Strontium (II) Hydroxide
14%
14%
14%
14%
14%
14%
14%
2. Strontium Oxygen
Hydrogen
3. Strontium Oxyhydride
.. .
oi
cA
ro
c..
nt
.
iu
m
Di
hy
. ..
No
tl
i st
ed
Hy
dr
St
m
17%
Table
ro
nt
in
nt
iu
17%
St
..
m
Ox
yg
.
Ox
m
on
tiu
St
ro
7. Not listed
St
r
St
ro
nt
iu
m
(II
).
..
17%
on
tiu
17%
6. Strontium Dihydroxide
St
r
5. Strontinoic Acid
yh
...
4. Strontium Hydroxide
NAME FE(OH)3
1. Iron (III) Hydroxide
2. Iron Hydroxide
3. Ironic Acid
4. Iron (I) Hydroxide
5. Iron Oxyhydride
Table
6. Not listed
Page 12
17%