M&m&m
xxnr&wiAx* r miTiwsizom xm
fie®to ouhmittod to Uia vacuity of the ar&duato Se&eet
of the SJfciveraity of mrylaad to partial fsO.fiUtmoat of '.too- rriiiii|rtM»nf n for the degree of
UMI Number: DP70512
All rights reserved
INFORMATION TO ALL USERS
The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript
and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed,
a note will indicate the deletion.
D issertation Pubfishsng
UMI DP70512
Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author.
Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC.
All rights reserved. This work is protected against
unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code
ProQuest LLC.
789 East Eisenhower Parkway
P.O. Box 1346
Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346
HWISBS AMD
a d ve rb ial
C0iSTiiUG;
a ; ® jg igi7)
jjanguags studies have been made in every period for
milan material is available,
studies of the Snelleh Xtur uage
and its sources have dealt carefully with the syntax of the
primary parts of speech, usually in an indirect a-tanner.
lieving that words often considered
Be-
-mmcondary** ax*© f**oquexi1i3.2
more important than primary words * the writer intends to
devot© his energies to examining and setting forth facte and
theories proved or suggested by a study of the adverbs and
adverbial constructions in Beowulf,
i'he poetic fora and indefinite authorship of Be mn O f
m o t be kept in mind throughout the reading of this paper in
order that correct values may be given the .conclusion® reached•
fhe reader must realise that conclusion® based upon one poem
cannot be accepted as true for the literature as a whole*
ho*
ever, the writer believes that there is value in studying this
single poem*
Permanent value from this paper will be derived only
through a general knowledge! first* of the nature of an advert
The writer attempts to show that the standard definition of an
adverb is the proper one to be used,
Derivation seems a logic
beginning for a study| "ano©* next appears a classification of
derivation© into those derived from adjective* those derived 1
substantives* and those derived from 'parts of speech whose nat
are undetermined.
Of these classifications* that group ©oncer
derivation from substantive© occupies the most important place
because of the case forms used--dative (usually including insi
mental)* ablative* accusative* genitive*
After a classification has been made and before
muoh serious discussion is attempted,
statements con­
cerning the ass of adverbs in Mtmm.lt must be given*
Pre­
ceded by a short warning against allowing tea bsucOi importanos to the poetic fora of the epicf is a list of adverbial
expressions which meant moralises than their corresponding
forms m a n now.
In this way the common phenomena of semantic*
are Introduced*
Ohanges in mailing carry the reader bash to the
origin of adverbs*
Adverbs in various stages of develop­
ment a m adverbial meaning in other parts of spessh are con­
sidered in some detail*
A noun and its “governing* preposi­
tion are considered as a single part of speech*
Adverbs frequently become propositi one under par­
ticular clreamstan see » which are explained with illustrati one*
Prepositions which became prefixes are next discussed* a m
then prefixes that had no absolute adverbial function are
treated here*
if the reader follows the intent of this p*$>er
through the treatment of prefixes* he will see the comparativeXy
poor standing of adverbs as parte of speech*
The position of
adverbs* dependent upon importance, is worked out imthemaiically*
fits writer realises that "average position**can mean little and
may mean nothing at all*
However* a complete discussion of
adverbs demands a careful investigation of position*
throughout the paper there are many Illustrations
of minor matters and of particularly striking phenomena*
fhe
writer has attempted to make definite statements whenever
possible* but has been aarefuJ^t^jtvoid unconfirmed generalisa­
tions*
It im& be helpful to repeat the general subject*
treated-, Definition, .Derivation, Uses, Adverbial waning;
In ether parts of speech,
Position,
§
gt*
S'
p
I
I
9I I
I
I
s
m
m
I
?
t
I i
I
H
#
§
;
0
m
m
0
i
I
I0
H
H
&
I*
1
1a
© I
5
#©
>
-0
I
*,4
£
Ii
I 0
S3
4*
B
■1
a
3
I aI
« ! *m I ! ! i
!
§
a
©
8
IS
*4
for©®*
St
H
8
Pk
to
3
a
*# xf
*4
i
tf
»
fc®li©w««
?
I: I
*
1
11
?
«H
J
#
s
5
t
!I
5
II 3
writer
I H
*
’
Bm
£
1
I
I*!
3I
!
the©© p*®tfix®s ii&rin& adr®rl»i&l
It
teat elements affeettng verb© in such a way m
to influence
the classification of verbs as transitive or intransitive
should not fee considered as adverbs#
tee illustration© of substantival and prsfixal
elements given above are intended to show that while sub*
etastive cofsplesieiite and prefixes affect tee verb they ©an
not as classes fee celled adverbial#
Moaning or use teen can-
not fee tee basis for determining the definition of an adverb#
Form cannot serve as a basis#
a
meagre investiga­
tion will reveal tee fast that in dome instances different
parte of speech have tee seise spelling
1drive# telegraph#
blue)#
If any part of speech has a definite form it is tee
adverb#
However* one thinks of adverbs teat do not end in
jy (well# ever* fast) and of oteer parts of speeoh that do
end in j& (sprightly# contumely* ally)#
neither function nor form alone will serve as a
ooiraon denominator#
Shall we give tip as hopeless the teak of defining
an adverb?
no more than we give up defining any object#
tee
moat often used articles are most difficult of description*
(tee definition of box is Impossible*)
We must choose for
a definition those words which best express tee general
characteristic© of a subject# and allow tee reader to inter­
pret te© particular ©ass© as he sees fit*
tee definition
given at tee head of tele paper covers practically all in­
stances of general adverbial usee#
It should not fee con­
sidered as iron clad# but should be interpreted as freely as
common sense demands*
e occasionally an adverb modifies a complete phrase ( w ry
nate at see) or a preposition (#»«iuat ever tee hill)
7
3£very
of ^agXiab p h i l o l o g y
thing about adverbs and their derivations* Mm
says any­
a favorite
single fast'or idea that he wishes to present#
in the
effort to express the particular 1 d m he fail* to explain
fully the loses to te considered ae standard.
However* tie
general contents of m e t article© upon the derivation of
adverts are reasonably similar*
la a translation of Paul's*
"Principles of language® there are these words s
**Adverb*
are almost exclusively the outoom of crystallised eases cf
nouns* and to some extent of the combination of prepositions
with its ease before inflexion**1 Barney** in "fbs English
language and English Grammar* says* *Adverb* are so hetero­
geneous and derived from so many sources that it has semetimes been s aid that all parts of speeoh tend to become
adverbs*
the olass (adverbs) is the final resting place of
waifs and strays— the depository of odds and ends of language*
the evidence in Beowulf tears out neither of these statements
completely* but can te used to Illustrate the general meaning
of both*
Adverbs* by derivation* may be classified in three
groups— these derived from adjectives I these derived from
nouns* these derived from pronouns and parte of speech whose
natures ate undetermined*
From adjectivess
Much the greatest number of
adverbs in modern English are formed by the addition of ~hr
to adjective forms* fhe m o d e m -ly is a descendant of the
* l>auX* Principles of language
* Ramsey* fhe English language and English Orazasar*
fhe Kiticherbooher Press* 1892. p* 477
i
Old English ending -lice* which gees back to the stem
*
lie, meaning body or f o m .
to an adjoetlro.
Stow -lle« ie aometiaea addsd
Thao with s M « ea<U«, anotog, &&&.* Z§A*
othor -iiS£ jfo ms have an additional steppln their evolution#
for lice was added te a noun f o m # os with slims# oarf o&»
end mad# *° f®*m aa addeetire#
Since these addeetires had
adverbial fossa9 no additional suffixes were necessary shea
seme of them changed from adjectives to adverbs#
matter of conjecture with. swmelToe and wrafllloe
It is a
as to their
origin# for each has a noun form and an adjective f o m in
•xlstMMMi at the eaae ti»e.
fteagMEgft and SSSAM&m.
probably formed by analogy#
the prefix sm~ adds only an
intensive meaning or a moaning of association#
111 Beowulf adverbs were formed usually by the addi~
itiem of an ending -je to an adjective as with cade# fiigerc#
d e li . C asas* aaaaaa* galassa» sawm.»
j&flsa* M a g m * igftfta* .fess.*
ssMSbb & s.*
ss&ma*
M & a * glsas* law at*
j&aam, aa&CTga., m $a, a M s , a&CM* *£§&» a d & m an* « *•»
with jpr«fix«a, im£<uE&la# aagafllCa* m f & M i * »meoftt, m v s M & *
Oleaar eases of addition of *»an to adjectives a m
net available#
it seems that most adverbs in &a were formed
from other adverbs*
Xt le possible* but not likely# that the
bases of feorran, forS a m m a n * si3dan „ ^id ufan had adjectival
significance#
Fro® substantives«
the dative ease has served te
give many adverbs of temporary use in English*
In the time
of leewulf were used fur6mn. gsgnum, unaynmia.
there were
several nouns used frequently in the dative ease# but retaining
1I
?
i
I
1
1
8
3
8 1
i t
I
I Ji
I
1
id
I
3
:
111
fi
%0
uaedo. not f t w i in
in modern u»e*
ia
unaltered font
ferhaps it would bo interesting to develop
more fully a few idea* eenoernlng genitives*
Qenitivee used in the eense thet Fridays le an
adverb in 'grldava «• have fieh for dinner'’, are oooing into
greater rogue with the increasing of advertising and the
necessity of conservation of resoureea*
it is erident that
the s in the illustration given dees not stand fer the
genitive hut for the plural number*
our words
of the people who make
t^ite are not ssusy wh© think of the
difference between genitive jg and plural &* ©r who know that
there i© a differ©**©©#
let u* ©hang© the aeuteno© t© read*
”Friday w© hay© fieh**
Her© Friday 1© an adverb whether w©
take the word to m m m ©Tory tptdiiar or next £e4J&s>
Ferb&p©
it 1© iaftfteate that we cannot have ©one mean© of distinguishing
the next«»Friday meanlag fro© the every-Frlday meaning*
A
reasonable suggestion 1© that when ©very«»Friday is jseamt the
eense of genitive 1© in the ascendanoyf and when n©xt«»Frfa&y
le intended that of the ablative ease 1© preaiinent#
it 1©
not likely that the a causative notion of “Throughout Friday*1
1© ©ter Intended* though *W© ©it in ©huroh Sunday * m y be
need time*
A substitute form* o£ & Friday » indicates that
the older significance of every Friday was genitive*
In Modem dnglieh, representative© of inherited
adverbial genitive© are not mwmr&mm*
few ^ordo formed like it#
t© have toward©# and a
in heowulf they are more frequent#
la the H o t given* the words are adverbial* though a few nay
have the sane f o m with different meaning©*
8888)
1*3»»
*a2»
3273) eaXAag ,9B»aaft» 1©0®| i B S V 2880) *»&&, 2«<*» S&SMt*
0041 2185) alagjlaa. 1135, 1777) naallaa. 43, 1018#
W O ) ty®Mi8a»
%&*§!&»
iSA BSSSSSL* **»t mm. & • WSO* ewtfunettoa
with the idea of degree, baa* XOj e&usef ungsiru* 9S3, 003*
17®2*
It seems contradictory to say that mere a&varMal
genitires are used today than previously* with twenty-one
illustrations of previous use in the preceding paragraph to
one of present use*
It is to ho remembered that adverbial
genitives dar^JSgdmdatoletlies are not tagged by a final &*
■There is no way to distinguish them by f o m alone*
There is no clear relation between the adverbial
genitive as used In Old English and a similar f o m in ha tin*
The absence of a Latin basis Is all the more remarkable in
consideration of the fact that Oethie has words that correspond
exactly to those of the Old English*
Bahts and Qi, aills per­
form the same duties as alhtss and nealias*
Beowulf is not comprehensive enough te present clues
to the derivation of all adverbs contained in it*
in discussions
of adverbs previously mentioned, similar f o r m in other parts
of speech have given olreumstantlal evidence (the best obtainable)
towards fixing the roots from ehleh the GE adverbs were mads*
There is net sufficient evidence to prove that the following
words belong in previously used groups!
ofne
golems
headers
jgdrs
mfre
mts earns
bleats
inns
symhle
dearie
uppe
gystran
hwerggm
lythwca
%»
Zt is tbs nitar'a bells*’ tint tbss# advsrbs s*s* foam# upsa
ow by saslssjr wltb otfesr ttrtrts sal adjsotivas with the
t x M p U o a of lythsoa
A t t h is probably bass# upon a proaous
fro© bases other than Substantives and Adjectives*
tftalaui in the comparative and superlative degrees developed
from the influence certain comparative suffices had an s « i
words*
feorr* fierr* and ffir are cognate with a Gothic f o m
£g&d&* iSS&i cognate with JrfiMiii &£. cognate with dfcgj&i
al^» from sltls*
fhese f om© remained « m
*lEs ~ost suffixes were In nee in OK.
w
after the regular
in fact ijrsy* beside
show© that both'lfecim were need with the same ward#
Contrary to the general opinion regarding adverbs
ae independent parts (more te he m i d later}# B&maey believes
that a few fomas are primitive or original*
Since he gives
explanations for the derivations of come of the following
list it is natural to believe that his grouping of these as
original forms is not accurate*
after* ere* ever* now.yet.
lief* well. Moot of these f orm have corresponding f o r m in
Beowulf, @ c m of these# especially mi end git appearing
frequently*
Beowulf contains many illustrations of substantives
used in place of modern adverbs or adverb phrases#
fhe indi­
cation is that these subst »tAves .might have become adverbs
under the earn circumstances that gave whilom and needs* the
well established conviction that adverbs might easily be formed
free substantives will be given farther consideration under a
chapter dealing Stth adverbial meanings in ether parts of speech*
13
The ease with which OM adrsrhs were f o r m* froa
adjectives hy the addition of rlXsjii m
rJt **e® nst e® groat
as the m o o with which the m o d e m speaks? of English aakss
adverbs of mdjastives hr adding ^lar.»
The l i a m s e has
reached sueh a point that 3?auie fools Justified in saying
that ^adverhe m y he formed out of adjective® at will***
A
writer of 1870 hollered that oertaln adjectives like Swedish
JtsaULLf ta a S t# n w fo r to . oould « • * • * 1» wMt# 1»*® a d w b » .
It 1® easy to ©©assies of ah adverMal as® for each, with
probably ~ly endings*
The similarity of see of adjootire® and adverb®
will always fee» a® it has been, an influence toward the rotention of f e m e of the adverb used adJoctXvely and f o r m
of the adjective used adverbially without change of appearance*
Saar* deep* hi^h» fair* etc* will always he oonfusing as
parts of sysssh*
*Baul
Principle© of hanguag© f p* 448
14
the general as© ©f each adverbial construction
Is given In the appendix ©f M s
paper*
kittle need fee
mentioned of toe use of adverbs in Beowulf because tbs use
in Anglo-Saxon tines wee practically tbe same m
m o d e m tines#
the use in
Abundance of adverbs and confused order have
been mentioned elsewhere#
On© further word should be said
about the order#
it is true that the pestle form of the pleas of
literature had an offeet upon the relative position of adverbs •
However# the extreme irregularity of a definite position
eaxmet be accounted for upon one basis# in m o d e m times care­
less writers and those who are net particularly interested
in style are likely to postpone the Inclusion of an adverb
until the very end of a sentence#
Occasionally such a post­
ponement la made for the purpose of emphasis#
Is made without apparently definite purpose#
Usually it
the relative
unimp o rtance of adverbs in the everyday speech and writing
of people who ©are chiefly about the general facts causes the
authors to think of subject and verb ami object without giving
mush attention to the modifying words#
thus adjectives# and
especially adverbs# are thrown into sentences without much
thought of their ultimate positions#
Careful writers use
adverbs discriminatingly# in fact the quality of an author* s
style may often be determined tor M s use of the secondary parts
of speech#
the writer believes that the indeterminate position
of adverbs indicates a laxity in their use# idtloh in turn adds
evidence that Beowulf was not wri tien by a scholar# tet by
a representatively well educated person of a fine imagination
and good taste*
Though rules for position were not strictly followed*
there are a few instances of acre exact use in Beowulf than
we have now#
gofttte*
the word jjgjT was more definite in meaning than
Today we have the same word when we mean theft in an
undetermined future, and when we mean an exact minute#
Jj£
appears in the early part of sentence 116 times # each time
carrying tee notion of next in order# or thereupon* Donne
has a variety of meanings based upon the fundamental idem
« f t i« » — fM SB a£» M
a t e
Mssms* m .&&. £ $ m e a s m -
several words are w e d to show negation*
jmuaxa end asm are superlative by their absolute
meaning.
Comparison le impossible, as with modern only and
ever.
Rainier* j^ehwiftft* and ihsSr have extension of meaning
which is natural to the meanings of the words*
In addition
to meaning anywhere, they can be taken as moaning at anyr time*
It le likely that a great many adverbs change their local or
temporal classi ftcat!on in Just ouch a meaner as these words
may ehang**
A similar change occurs in the use of 65f« which
usually means there but which shades Into teem*
When it is
used as a relative adverb it shifts slightly In meaning from
m a m
»»**•• »*•
«**•■ m «m.«* h , b u m
Id
So alee With fiftfi which normally meant fag It
aiatanog. th« original moaning ohangod to Jfcg.
fhere arc two adverbial combinations of the kin#
dear to the Germanic tongues#
Veor and neah as one modliter
means a great deal mors than the mwm of the separate meanings*
So also with jjg an# lift which includes ail times— sooner,
later, and all the space between the extremes*
A weak superlative meaning is found In the use of
JEftl 2£Sl*
instances the word oft meant ofteq*
instances it meant regularly* as & rule*
latlve oftosj le found once*
In 3
the normal super#
fhe superlatives of the two
different meanings approach a similar end**oont1anally»
jjult oft is even weaker than the strict superlative meaning
oftsnest* for it is used to indicate merely very of ten»
fhe
word yery is frequently used in modern Bnglish to indicate a
superlative* especially in translations*
its use in place of
an absolute superlative (460, 9Sly 1258) offers further
evidence that the custom of speech in Anglo-Saxon times was
te minimise statements*
What s e e m to be the direct opposite of the use of
"soft" superlatives may be seen in the constructions of gsearwe
ae and
^syu
Geanre meant surely and gen meant further*
when the fig was used in combination the result was not a mere
negative but a complete contradiction with the maultant meaning®
°* not all sl^ with both words*
it is a® if the position In
th* seal* running from as* B& & U *®
^0re aeaoured
from the extremes* and the addition of a. negative changed the
position of every word to a corresponding distance from the other
17
extreme*
by this reasoning, the f|i* in combination with
nsarws closely would result in a meaning similar te almost*
Unfortunately nustoroue Illustrations are lacking* though
nealles* from Gothic || alii* follows the same scheme*
However* gf, usually is merely a negative*
he in Anglo-Saxea wee far more definite and emphatic
than any modern equivalent in a single word*
It seam doubt­
ful that a people who were fond of using negative expressions
like ‘••♦par hit neafde myeale eor&an*,{ to mean ^where it had
little earth*9 could long retain an emphatic negative*
Evidence
that gg m s losing its strength le given in five usee where
ne is added to reenforce the first negative (450* 557* 1455*
1508* 2465)*
the original moaning of fjj* cognate with Gothic
in u i w * was not ever*
Since five Instances out ef fifty-one
uses of n£ meant a great deal lees than never* we should not
be surprised to- recognise the weakness of a modern nq& (it le
not unlikely.**)*
Kg in compounds le frequent* especially
when it had been compounded with words beginning with a vowel*
(nma,
agfaes* nealles)
There are a few words used in Beowulf which occur in
no other Anglo-Saxon text*
atgadere*
Omgsa&er was a choice fora with
The influence of other duplicate words in £| and on
probably accounts for the existence of doublets here*
loldbwst* in & gold greedy maimer* is a normal forma­
tion of g o l d st g o l d * plus heat -« brisk* plus an adverbial ending*
It is only accident that keeps it f rom being found elsewhere
than in I s e w u M *
A similarly formed combination is ahamefaetlv*
e e r r u j M to 2&aS!S£a&£&£a.
ia
Ble&te*, by regular ehanges or rowels* should be
blog 121 OB&*
rhers ii i modern dormant word* bloap whieh kmm
a meaning similar to that of tbs hypothetical adjeotire
m«*t» Ma M S a M -
***»• w» ®«at
taw* taw adjeoti-r#
existed but m m not needed In any written work*
Blisnllos found only in 8sswa3JC.> needs no explanation*
* nslbleat (deadly) sO.se appears only In Beowuljg*
19
That adverb© are formed by crystallisation of
inflooted forma of nouns# pronouns# and adjective© ia generally
believed and expressed by such authorities as faul# Brsal#
and
jrlght*
Proof that adverbs a© parte of epee oh are com­
paratively late is given in the fact that their final lot tore
or group© of letter© can not b© reooneiled among branches of
the Indo-European*
Additional evidence i© available wherever
a language ie growing# for adverbs are m i s
a e deal red*
as needed or even
in m o d e m English adverbs are customarily made
by adding «l.v to a n adjective or eoxae other part of speech*
An increasing tendency to make adverb© from adjective© without
a n y suffixes m a y displace the process of making them by
adding »ly> just aa the process of adding ~ly displaced
ether methods*
It is likely that new schemes for determining
adverbs by form from other parts of speech will always be
necessary*
fm investigation of the adverbs in Beowulf shows
that several forces were prevalent when the epic was written*
There are original adverbs so called because they
can be traced back to the basic Indo-European language# where
factual schemes must cease*
There are adverbs made directly
from adjectives# s5£JtEIHlBSMSl,l from nouns# h w i l u m i and
from pronouns# ftes*
of saveml oasesi
a m dative, gold*.
There are potential adverbs in noun®
acouaative, langs.. tid> genitive, wlhteBt
Xhera are adverbial meanings in pronouns,
»®a (not a true adverb)# infinitives, nooaant and in ana
participle, m i & t m m m M L *
Conjunction* s m t i s i s carry
adverbial signifloanee* and compound werd* often contain
adverbial elements*.
Illustrations of the stages of develop­
ment of adverbs mentioned m y be taken from Beowixlf,
Adtsrta derived free® other parte of speech are
mentioned elsewhere in this paper*
a c r e remain for eon-*
slderatien the adverbial elements contained within other
parts of speech*
The adverbial meaning in the participle onihtweaends is slight--slight that it may be neglected entirely
or replaced by an adjectival meaning--"being boyish*"
If
the word is taken to mean wund©r elrsunataaee* prevailing
with young persons* there is an adverbial use present* this
latter interpretation Should not be given the choice* for
it has not the support of similar feme#
The verbals 35 ftecydanne. 267 § t£ healdanns* 1731f
to faremte* 16051 and J5
2416# are used similarly
to nouns In the ablative ease# ablative of specification# or
more Taoadly speaking* as adverbs of manner.
Baeh helps
explain the meaning of an adjective* though absolutely each
one le more important to the general sum of meaning in the
sentence than is the adjective modified*
Under conditions
like these# where the modifier contains more meaning than
the word modified# grammarian© force unconsciously made and
therefore naturally made forme into artificially oon© true ted
categories.
For lack of a better method of showing propor­
tionate relations the writer reluctantly considers these
* See appeals
21
verbais, ideoi^Lug t© use, as adrerb8f
Infini tiros in Beowulf are f requenily used as
adverbs to indicate purpose*
In nearly ovary connection
Is used a word meaning g© or ©ram*
tain© a distinct idea of going*
Kven fcrlit* 970# ©on-
There a m 36 Instances of
the uninflected infinitive of purpose*
ngoaian, 115, 123, 1125, 2074, 2566, 2538, 5045*
l&dcn, 259
soman, 268, 1599, 1820, 2820, 2950, 3102*
b&ran» 891 _
soon and go©eon* 58?, 596, 920, 1126, 1293, 3102
sittan, 493, 641
sceawian* 840, 1391, 1413, 2402, 2744, 3032*
wegrdian, 971
fie on* 1264
fe&llan, 1070
grgb&n, 1646, 2010
drefon, 1904
helpan, 2649*
The uninfleoted Infinitive ©f purpose in AngloS a m n is used habitually in poems, occurs several times in
prose, and is not infrequent in the Gospels*
The indica*
tion is that it is a native idiom with verba of motion*
The
Inflected forms with adjaotives are probably also native
idiom for they appear in native poetry as well as in poems
based on bat In originals**
The demonstrative pronoun offers two especially
important adverbial uses,
mental*
genitive, and iv* an Instru­
In Beowulf we may see the changes taking place*
Slot only do we find the first form with adverbial us# but
several other forms for each word, indicating that the earns
word eould be used with different degrees of adverbial meaning*
Adverbs are f ormed from pronouns by the sloughing off of
Importan ©e _of the pronoun meaning as such* When the meaning
* fne writer received assistance from Morgan Gallo­
way* Jr.,
Infinitive in Angle-Saxon**
of the V 9 ii of IKS word In question depends no longer on
any other word* and «m» he knitted without seriously
affecting the oone true tIon of a sentence it le ready to
take the name of adverb*
Probably the host illustration of
a word which changes into an adverb and at the same time
retains in parallel forms it original use is the genitive
of
|*
Imm is used as a genitive pronoun fa times in Beowulf*
It le used as a genitive with verbs requiring the genitive
sin times*
As a semi-adverb it is found If times**
In these
el retimetanses* with expressions of o ompensafcion* reward*
thanks* rejoicing* sorrow# f* Id* 114* 878* 2ff* 303* 5S8*
900*
laao*
1398* 1884* 1898*
l f f 4* l f f 8*
1998* 8338* 2f 39~~
there is reason for its remaining a pronoun and there are
reasons for its being sailed an adverb*
in order to decide
its definite rank as an adverb or pronoun one must first
determine whether construction or meaning la the se m e n
denominator*
As an adverb of degree it appears five time*
773* 983* 1388* 1309* 1818*
fhis word goes even farther
than being a complete adverb* for it sets as a aerai-oonJunction eight t i m e and mm a ooiaplet© aonj unction three times*
Tb® instrumental esse of the seme word has had
twin descendants*
87 times*
gy: amdie as instrumental pronouns appear
ffc© natural change of j£ to m a n therefore Is
Illustrated three time*
shorn itself 13 times*
The change to mean jyt this extent
It Is practically impossible to
prevent change of function in a word with so general a mean*
ing as that* especially in oblique eases*
If 4 m and j£ had
net changed m m m other word* perhaps envies or fsla* would
c Acknowledgments due r* Klaebsr* "Beowulf"•
$s
h*WS hffiSfl ShtlSSt*
g^ftenrllMi ate e l m
MttT# SSSSS With. WSWtel
tew little dlstanee te g« Before teaming ttertia ts
meaning, if net is was. Jg. wafc easily expreeeee extent
or degree, mm Jfc tte otter •taste fas plaoe or wanner.
3o
also with a torn aooueatiwe aauUjr aoecwpanied toy prepe­
altiana requiring the accusative mw*«
Fronmiaa containing Mtmttal aeaninge is Beowulf
uwt
(datlye oaeaa#anlesa specified)
nl(ai« 793* 2414
eallm* 149
(tf«) fela, sea* 311
goeiwiro* 39
gaatwoB , l^tso
geteyloma 38# 798, 784. 809. 998* lasts. 1090#
2097* tea. 2094, 2899* 2891*
SoatO* MW. 1999* 1771. 3111.
•ism* 1029* 1199» 1228* 1471* 2908* 2197*
gen. 2491.
O f those
are sost
in ssshsw*
Ho*xns in t^c
gtniti?® saws fith aSflparbisi rassnlng ssstew i43a
It is
quite sirident bh&b ths majority si th«»© genitives teles
tea piss# of oths* ***** in ©Xdsr forms t e n
th* advsrbisi
elemont is msra apparsnt* ctspsol&lly in tew loom tivs sate
ittstsiassiitel wws*s«
Wtte wsrfes &janu teass ansait fills
thw teitiff t k m n gh wbloJi mv with whiqh th® notion af tes
▼ss% is earriod out is usually in InainimentwX wr i a t i n
***** though ths goniti.ro n s Q S f
With fyllsn this gonitiv*
roprwsonta sis* ths pariliirw gsnitlv®*
Varbs of emotion
M
tab* tti ganlfciww «* dative to
UMfttiTs n
laetrvansnbal.
original
I U a genitive nay aloe bo exm-
naetad with tto partitive genitive* with vevba of woe and
0&j oyiBSXlt*
With, Torte donating any aaawwr of sopamtian»
hinder* d*f*ndt f t f W i
dopriro* ft«$ frast# ooa®* from*
tte giRiiivt fopfosflnls an o U e ? aUalift«
▼aiuo* writ* ten littlo appoansno* in l*owalf»
©f prioo#
xt aor~
responds to a similar gent tiro in © n i l and la tin*
A fit diffitmi kinds if giidUvt i3GiiUd&6d ten*
should te oafflotted# for all ars contained In tte Appondlxt
Gonitiro if soparation with f o r m n d * > l Hi» woroid*
radoimsi oxpoetation or desire with abldon* 0??t ^£***1
instrument tiHi gsnswrrtfm. Eg*#* f||[IHlt il»i with
15*6* ndeliniES**
Oonitive with adj satires
* mental quality* hlXtee 456* isodsa
* readiness * fSs* 1476* *l5e*
* plenty* tela 1974* ten&frlaoea
- guilt* soyldige 1338* oaldroa*
wards often m o d a© g e n i U m with adverbial waning
are qi&esa afl^o n ihtesa adcltesao aaidss* sSggfi*
ft* a e e w a tires fouad in Bsawa^f ar* usually aooeoo*
panted hy prepositions*
ite w i y poolticm tefor* noun* in*
dloates an origin of proposition* whiah is shown in presses of
stengs*
teuns in different aaoo* eould not express all tte
d&fforests#* that prevailed*
In an offart to n^cs finor dis-
tiaoltoss* oar ancestors m o d words to define tte tost#
tte
2a
position of tli© defining word® (a d v e r b © ) and their rela­
tion between the verbs and nouns came to bo taken as an
indication that 'these adverbs were responsible for the case
of the n o u n s •
In Anglo- 3axon grammars certain prepositions are
listed as talcing accusatives or datives*
no at of these pre­
positions were once simple adverbs* which by Anglo-Gaxon
times ted changed tlieir nature enough to deserve a change
of name*
fhut the use of adverb-prepositions with verbs
was rather common i see on by a comparison with other Germanic
Gothic has in w i | m » und* ufar* iairh* and aim*
languages*
forms similar to the most often used Anglo*daxon prepositions
taking accusative $
w t i * o d * ofer* durh* and on*
In both
languages the verb plus preposition may be considered as a
complete verb taking a direct object*
Verbs requiring no assistance by prepositions
follow the normal scheme of requiring accusatives*
ierson
or thing affected and results produced appear in the accusa­
tive case.
Measures of space and time which suggest a com­
pletion of some kind are put into the accusative case.
In
this respect are used the prepositions which require the
accusativei
on
ofer
meaning
*
under
ymbe
*
*
wit)
ourh
geond
in
m£d
to
after
n
1
**
*•
*
i
;
*
“
m
into (motion implied) 09 times|
over (sail o v e r ’the s©m~~acrose
a complete part) 54 times$
under* 21 times §
about* concerning (similar to si
and t^g)189 times f
against* (fight against him) Id times §
through* 12 times |
throughout* 6 times*
into* d times|
with* 5 times|
as far as* up to* 2 times
after, for* fori concerning), once*
until* up to (not merely towards)ones.
20
AdTtrblal uses of the dative (including instrumental)
in Beowulf are about equally divided between these with a
preposition, 694# and these without a preposition# 741*
Since
prepositions left their former companions, verbs# and became
more closely associated with nouns# it seems reasonable to
consider prepositions plus nouns as parts of speech*
though
the Satire is commonly known as the to-&nd-for ease, it is
used more often to tale the place of able tire and instrumental
constructions*
tion*
jgn is by far the most frequently used preposi­
It is to be expected in a story of adventure that time
and place be prominent*
is
is used in both tempo m l and
loeal situations its rank as the most prominent is not at all
wmxpmoted*
other prepositions of Importune© are* to* 03
uses| in# 3? uses# and for* 34 uses*
In general# Anglo-Saxon
prepositions are used under practically the same oonditions
as Latin prepositions# with the same distinctions between
dative and accusative as between ablative and accusative in
Latin**
An interesting formation is illustrated by the hJgi
mid construction*
0* A* Smith* writes that the appearance
of the preposition after the noun is caused by the relation
between the verb and the adverbial meaning in the preposition*
If such be the truth# as it probably is# the preposition is in
danger of retracing its course of development by being associated
entirely with the verb# thus becoming again an adverb*
* the appendix includes constructions in Latin cor­
responding to the Anglo-Saxon construct lens* It
seems useless her© to mention what is to be found
there*
* An Old English ar-ossar
a?
Prefixes a a y to© whole words used separately as
propositions or adverbs*
wld*
Thus it is with of* mt» o n * f o r *
Prefixes mmy he weakened forma of earlier parts of
speech not used as parts of speech now* tout retaining
definite meanings*
Tims it was with pfer- 9 an dr * toe-»
Jtill
others m ay have their original meanings retained without
clear uses as parts of speeoh*
Thus it was with jge* un* a n *
In the course of imny years and frequent use* pre­
fixes similar in meaning or sound were confused*
Especially
was this confusion evident In the use of prefixes which h a d
lost their original meaning© through careless employment*
Where written language is not general* weakening of meanings
becomes more extensive*
w© must expect then to find in
Beowulf illustrations ofKsame prefix in different uses
(afeaaa» laJs®» **»<*
smMmu*
M i t fraqgan, tai^.ana
missmm*
M M , M J k * M n d m . IMfi. a n d g o bindan. M M ) .
Verbal imitation and analogy together should have
b e e n responsible for a great m a n y inaacuracies in the employ­
m e n t of synonyms and in the creation of synonyms*
The most
prevalent inaccuracy la that of presence of a prefix without
apparent modification of meaning*
There are frequent instances
of go* verb© alongside corresponding verbs without any pref i x
there being no difference in moaning*
almost as a regular part of some verbs*
The ^©- was considered
Hie difference between
a form is©* and a meaning 0:®** was not discernible*
Unnecessary
addition of m& - Is somewhat similar to a m o d e m tendency to
a d d syllables to words not needing additionst
i s x i i and b edevil*
loose and loo
as
Prefixes usually bsgaxi existence as prepositions
and aduslft*
When prepositions are added to substantives
new adjectives of adverbs or new verbs are made#
JSxeept in
the formation of adjectives hr combination (forebano* ntasiSsa*
, most of the new forms will contain adverbial
meanings*
In a narrative# where action words are employed#
one expects to find many adverbial meaning-*
Beowulf offers
many illustrations of polysyllabic words containing adverbial
elements with varying meanings*
la general the prefixes in Beowulf tend toward
intensifying•
It is the writer*® belief that the character
of the Anglo-Saxons sailed for strong speech to measure up
to the nature of their deeds and boasting*
used sparingly# weaken normal meanings*
meanings weaken.
Intens Ives# unless
Soon the intensified
Jfe doubt we translate some Anglo-Saxon words
without giving them their full strength#
If the Anglo-Baxon character is to be Judged by
the use of words in Beowulf our ancestors were thorough in
their deeds# for many of the prefixes indicate completeness
or result achieved#
other familiar meanings are those of
dlreotlexi# separation# and prohibition*
In the following list by far the majority of words
containing prefixes of adverbial natures are verbs $
a-
adds intensity in Sbreoron* abregdan* abuigan,
£Lf.ggas» latagaa* <&&§&£•
•« *» zPixak*
means turn# abrqg&an means move rapidly#
29
a»
indicates progression* as used in modern ongXish
a-dreossya, a^Oan, ^ n g a n .
a*
carries a notion of completion in a g i f a n * a l S t a n *
a lygant
(perhaps off)# ariimru a r T e a n * a singan 9
ilier© are indications that a is a worn
down form of <gjr meaning away# off#
Evidence is
given in the mod;:, '.-n equivalents of some of the
preceding v e r b a s b reak o f f » kill off* take off#
af«*
means ofX or from in aefdirooa*
is one of opposition#
The impression here
She unaccented form of
is of.
cst-
hao a variety of meanings.
In gtb e r a n . ^ t stepjaaa.
it means to 03? - T o m a in e t f e o l a n . gtatandL-ai. to
with firmness implied! in astforian* ctsDx-ingan.
from a in sstRi fan* gfttwexen* practically nothing*
perliapa intensive* in ctr.ripe, atrihta,
direction#
fhore are similar forme in doth!a* old
Horse* dd- Saxon* Old High German# and ha tin* all
meaning at or to,
fidkf eal~
in al.uiHtiig* s^lwal&a* ealfela* ealgearo» eal**
f^yldan* ©allIren ^the ^prefix51 is not a natural one
in form*
However*
its meaning of extent* and there­
fore of degree* is adverbial*
It ia some times more iy
an intensificr*
and' “* ond-
has relatives in ^ld .Horse* old Saxon* old High
German* Sanscrit* Greek* Latin*
Its usual meaning is
against* as in a n d l o n g * andry ano * a n d s a c a * ondhr/eo rf an *
andawarian* but in andwlita corresponds to the Latin
30
a a ii * W .aaat»
an-
meaning
with many I*J£* oagnates* appears in two
w o rd s, angyldan and ansund*
fee-
originally w a n t about* fhie meaning la retained
in fe a .to te a » MEssniaa#
was weakened to mean intensity with a notion of
poaition and then to intensity of a general nature
or of any nature*
H w m of these m b s hare been
made transitive fey the addition of fee*
befeeodan*
bebeorgan (aloe against?), feefeoalAan* behelan*
t o m m m * j m v a m a * Md»f.*aa»
sumym**
MttiwfiBai*
MfaUifta* t t a a w M m * Mxtiaaa*
tootnralaB, tt»wi»a. b o tim b ra n . I « w m a .
fee-
with a partioular meaning fro m and general meaning
o f p r iv a tio n io
m th o x fro q u o a ti
^ f X ja a , & £|£L«ft>
boaljoan.
fee*
in a fmr oasoo indieatoa intensity oarriad to oompletiont
*>
e ft-
lehiem
* feeeesrfan* feefon* «begone*
boiuxmn.
J
SSStmSSmBmfBs^* ^
5S2SeSwSS3MHk® J
S^mSSSSmSSBSBSt^
in ^ o w u y W M tooth full word and a prefix*
In both
taaoo it meant *gs&* aHitfiSm* M.%M£&«
f e la -
was in good standing ae a part of spsesh*
lent itself easily to use as a modifier*
i t appoaro in
Its meaning
As a prefix
OtU&UtBSXt jtfJtafoBMBt
fe la m o d ig *
for*
as siprefix has many duties but in general it in*
teneiflee the meaning of the verfe*
M f * £ESE* 18gfiMA^ea4*.th^m^u
it may mean may.
All are listed
31
her© because the differences in meaning in Beowulf
are not greats
forberan» forboretan# f o g b y r o a #
f ongifan# forgyipan* forhabban, £orhcaldan# forhlagan, forlaoan* forlsSdan# £ orlStan* forleoaan*
f orniman, forsorifan# fors on d o n # for© It t a n , foraXftian#
£ orstandan# forawolgan*. fo genreor c a n # forowerlan> forweo r p a n i fQrwreoan* forwritan* f o r w y m a n ,
f or©-
is used In thro© w o r d s » each appearing once*
The
prefix stands for a common hnglish of superlative*
y e r y * in foremlhtiig* foresnotor# and f o v&mmr® .
£ © 3*5 -
at first must hay© corresponded exactly to a mode r n
iSnglish for tlx* buts its use in figurative language
©hanged its force to indicate completion as in
ror5is#urtcn» whose meaning changed gone forth to
departad
life) to dead,
coimting continued to counted
is a muc h used prefix#
g.og^aglttrefl meant
up
to all told*
it is used to mean not M u g
additional as in gen#dan and no dan and &eniman and
niman#
was once a preposition* but even in primitive Germanic
it had lost He rank as a part of speech#
It# original
meaning togethers w i t h # survives in the followings
BOfcrooor,
edef#,
m Mylii* ggaaaa.
e©-
included a notion of completeness in some verb#*
there la a connection between this meaning and the
sar of the German past participle*
occasionally
0
4*
H
•*4
s
«
2
s
I
I
<*
a
«s
i
a
I
§ f
a
If
I
*4
9»
5 ?
m 3
7 #
*• s
!9 f9
i
s
%4
r4
rf
f
3
*
0
*4 $
*t
6
3
3
i
11
$4
S
W
S
,4
1
ft
©
4*
m -4
r4
V
M iI l
4»
S5
f
3
*4
3 *
I
1
!i
s
5 30
3%4 *3
*
m 1
a
is iiiustr&tsd
vt
111
ai S 3
to 9
Itk m* 5
3l
C r-l
!
1$r*
4
its ass la Bsewuir
it ad&a intensity mm mm%% as ocmpletioa as
4
jt s
5 i »
i&rlt#
wf
4*
4
11
I
3
9
a negative particle, regularly reverses the
meaning of a word as it dees in nedsra English
uwhdard M s .
W W M K * * “* •• lt dld ia ®othis
taifa^y«t SS6s M B *
ut~
is eaplsjred as a prefix to mean oat hut is not used
extensively*
will*
Baglish illustration® a m
like
jtfjt* I$S5SSi»
is both a preposition and a prefix#
it
regularly lxpliss a struggle against* wl3fon. Mi*
«rlpan. wiahahhan. It is related to Oothis wlftru.
OHO widar.
yab*
shows little relation to other languages in its sees
in Beowulf,
the old Norse fosaa is
simply nouns ftfiouj* RS ln
it
ZtifeStiSsU
ynhehweorfan.
Aside from the adverbial ©ndiags which are added to
many words, especially adjectives* there are few suffixes
haring adverbial significance#
Bven in combinations of equal
parts the adverbial element rarely appears#
In a word like
laoraenlong where *loae tends to mean during or throughout the
adverbial fores is given help by the analogy of words ending
to unga.
In a language using inflectional forms in the positions
of suffixes it is awkward to attempt further suffixation#
Especially awkward is a final combination with a verb or an
adjective or a noun*
the natural position of modifiers in ingle*
Saxon is before the word modified#
affix then is that of a prefix#
fhe normal place for am
She male of mm advert mm a pari of speech la net
a proainant one*
asst grsusaariaits consider It a secondany
part at spssto and sas* gees so tar as to doubt the correctno so ot naming it a part ot sp H N h at. all*
As a part of
speech it is subjected to indignities as to rank, descent*
and ass*
tn general the standing ot the adverb am m m the
ether parts of speech is not to to envied*
The ssntoiios position of adverbs is determined in
modern lists after the more important elements ttvt been
situated*
Mouns as subjects and ohj sots* and Torts slain
first choice of relative positions*
4notions have definite places#
places reserved*
Conjunctions and Islts*
Adjectives and pronouns liars
only adverbs and prepositions remain to
to put into plans after the regular establishments tars toon
mads* sad of these too toe prepositions must always tors a
certain rela tire position in a phrase*
m m m scheme of arrangement.
still# adverbs tors
Tharetioally, adrerto stand as
elsss as possible to the words modified*
the preceding sen*
toctee illustrates that other parts of speech are considered
first* for tp tfes,word Is separated from close by an adjective
and its modifier* both of which could to placed at toe end
of the sentence if it wore not for the fast that greater
smoothness is desired in order to bring out the
another adjootiro,
of
Xh« adrerfc thaoraticallyia **▼««
35
In general* adverbs* except these of degree* are
auppoeed to follow directly the words they modify*
Since
one word is often modified by several adverbs elmultazieouelyi
both the epaoe Just before and the one lust after muet he
need*
In many modern sentences a group of unconnected adverbs
may precede or follow the modified word*
These words which
habitually precede or follow seem to have attained that
characteristic more by accident than by reason*
Anglo-Saxon adverbs*aa seen in Beowulf* customarily
precede the word modified*
in a poem of 518 8 lines the in*
fluenes of the meter on position of modifiers may be counted
on to have been exerted in both directions*
By actual count*
the number of usee before the modified word was four t i m e
as great as the number of uses after*
Surely this difference
in number of uses* 820* could not have been mused by metrical
difficulties*
neglecting* then* all shifts of pealtlon caused by
poetic systems* let us determine the normal position of am
adverb with respect to its associated word*
adverbs are used in Beowulf*
is 1062*
182 different
The total number of usee before
The total number of usee after is 282*
A moment's
comparison is enough to show that the adverb** normal place
was before* but how far before?
When measured in werd-spaeee*
from the word modified the distance of some adverbs is seen
* In m 5d wide sprang wide occupies the first wordapaoe aefore sprang and ie designated 8j»
In
g*»Sf
*aas)eedur jjoyldina»
gt
g U _ M » heleSa gedgyfc
healis.
m£
is % and ^ is after gewat in tbs » erentta epaee.
A7 . b words maan adverts standing before words
modified! A words* after.
*!
3
3
p
c*
fit o
P
•4 5
CB 8
0
0
U
sg
8
£
S
?
S
a
i
I
J
0
♦
t
fcr **
0
n
«*
0
0
P
0
§
o
*
3*
*
|
i
t
§
0
4
Q
3
c*
p m
8
p
3
s
0
E
0
0
Pt*
8
3 §
01
i
§
'
ft
I
m
*%
*
*
0
63
*
?
£ 3
I
3
p
§
fit
3
0
1
0
*
I
*%
H
H>
fit
I
OT Ml n
IP
§
ft
•4
e > S
■fit
2
f
t
© g
ft
1
m
0
0
**
0
3
a
ft *
*
&
t* §
ct 0
«*
8
0
8
P
IP
S
! I HI
a
t I3
H
G
0
0
*3
H
**
w
s
§*
0
A
I3 *ft
;a * P
3 o*
3 I
t
2
i
i
8
$
s &| r
5 u
6
f F
1 5
*
g
M
A
H
I
#*
ft
£
0
g
G
Hf
c
I
0
H
H
H*
‘fit
M*
<P 0*
J*
H
H0
H 0
*
£
*
0
1
ft
t
x §
ft
‘iwrfi
t*
8
^nxn
*»*
I*
fI
s1
ft
<nwim
2
£*
I 3 5i
P
ct
ct
m
m
£
ft st
P
3
9
G
ce gr *0
«tR
*•
§*
&*
«t »eBn«|v
fit
O
M
♦
>
n
14
g
in
nn
i
0
*0
** «nn
1
01 S
n
ft
0*
tO » *
H
^ * c*
S*t# ♦
*0*O§§<f *
S
?fS©^l
» clo ^
§40 * r4€t
O O O0*O
.» *,*3 *
*
Ht+Hi <9
#419h §#*4fO <*
S o cv do *o
o > * .jet9 of
« « »0 9«<gR2
* III O #
jfj?*®
si
j ^ aIV
<19* O **#
9? «*««# «t»
m -2asM
MrflWi-^(r
HCV j
f_ ■■ft
^♦
* * CHI
rf
8
ft *0
’0
S
s
gf
>* *»
11
*© w
o m
IS
O O
!I O
d
A
a
♦I
I*
0
►
m
<O
|9
2
*
»
id 0 -P
«
G
I
I
HfHI H
# t» 4*
oooooo O
«I
rS
f 9
o
ft
4
Is this
S
4
4*
♦
| «
♦» *
f **
&
m
u
{
H
*
o
C8
#
r*f
HI
ft
P
IS
O
ft
9
M
djp ft
m
8 f
%* m
m
H
0
m
S 3
8
%It
3
ft
■ft
fi
0
0
0
« *
4
4* $4
Vt 9
9
0
U
0 o
*
43
* n
o w
*H 4®
$4
0
*
%
0
■#
* §
40
# ft 0
t £
0
H
womft
h* 4* 4Q$ Q
$
0
ami $1*m #
*j4
*
p<
0
5•
*0
9
m
9
I
it
*9
0
rV*
#
m
n
fmit
.<•9
(ptep
I
•
Maty
m
I • S 5
9 H
m
€?
ii<m9
O
O
34
38
group the previously mentioned three word combination i» used
along with three other adverbs* two of which are used together.
there is one adverb that seems to have a particular
place reserved.
sentence#
*£ usually cornea at the very beginning of a
Whether Its position there is determined by its
meaning9 or its meaning by its position
1®
a matter of eon-
Jeeturef though it is likely that the two lead to the same end.
Ba as an introductory word means little more than a mere con­
nective*
It ii somewhat like a thoughtless and-uh. now used
by careless speakers,
in the sentence.
it is used 87 t i m e as the first word
Of these uses# 3$ are accompanied by the
regular Germanic inversion of subject and predicate.
is followed by subject and verb 38 time,
life
thus in one-third
of it® usee before the verb it is not a strong enough adverbial
element to cause the subject and predicate to change their
places,
fhi® failure indicates a breaking away from strictly
Germanic forme.
3r is used 63 times, 60 times before and 5 times after
the modified word.
Since jgg is separated tram, its verb by
adverbial expressions, adjective complements, noun complements*
subJests and adjective modifiers of distant words, it can be
definitely said that it belong® before the modified word,
occasionally far before it#.
(Sea is used
8
times before and 3 times after,
only 3 ease® doe® it come next to the modified word.
in
It®
distance from the modified word (in line 3081 eight space®}
and its vague meaning shew it to be somewhat like da.
T
" 71 :
for these separative® see line® 694, 833* 941,
1868* 18».
little
3IU 1* used 5a iltta* tefafe j
14 tliaaa after*
It
talMgw to tli# type ef little content
Modern
is full of werde of t}\i®
are oat la
almost at random* Tory often as filler*
is tktnjctifg of a left •
■unfamiliar to him#*
inwritten
are more scarce* and e&ea not used meaningly
to ali^at gesture* of a
aiy t« aaid to oo rrespesid
,fe *mnd*
the
used II
A
at
flt *•
« 103
»
30
a
m'
m
•
■a
a
a
*
and i time*
* 10
* . a
a
* 1 ttM
a
* a time*
m
■a a
*
i^bat
it
w *
M
»*
tiai
iw
aaa
IMeaMnr t
P
it la
mater* for its position aaa fca c&anged la all deefctfui
In one
usually tafera the modern word to fc#
la used
40
1%* moot frequently uaod aiTirts with thalr a a a *a *a »
positiaw aurei
«*«*.
Poalfcl oa
^gtBoama
Vl
7 erne
%
6 tM
Aa
4 enrforllloeAi
37
7
19
13
19
4
eft
fast*
feor
feorraa
real
featen
11 H i m
11 saa
4
It gjrt* eTt
JH
Bo
Bo
A#
Bo
fc
Bo
Sfe
Bo
Bsg
Ua«a
_
^TEI her
£8fflijy»SB:
14 fcx*4a
9 tan
14 t a e i i « } M
9 la
14 Inna
as lease
7 aefn
148 ae
34 aaaUaa
4 a^aa
43 no
44 aa
aapod
§ ftAZt
10
5^
% f
%
Bg
fo a m y
as
4 oaudo
19 sogA
S£
41
aw»
1}
]A
«
l| U a*X«a
^
SI
Bj. 174 %
%
110 9»*
1$ ta Sonan
%
31 gonna
83
%
Aa
%
14 wgl
17 wida
^
%
%
*£
a£
>s
k
%
%
Bo
%
A comparison of these averages with the general average indicate*
that a great messy adverbs are normal in position and that til
die tan oe from the word modified varies Inversely ae the im­
portance of the moaning*
the great difference* in distance® for individual
word* shew only a lack of definite plaoe few adverts except
that they holong before the words modified#
Thia scheme of
having modifiers first is a natural scheme in dormant* language
where thoughts and phrases must be retained in mind until the
end of the expression or sentence#
thus adverbs# by their
nature, are parts of speech to be used in helping ethere— net
a epeOhoular role, but a necessary one#
A •*“ 5f for **»
woxd-apaee bofor* the word
modiflad*
Aa ilitat for IBs aaoond apaaa #£|tX* *a awaaa that
tho word itaada laaa than half a apaaa bafora tha
modifiod word.
38
OB*
perhaps by confusion with tm*» q#f#» sometimes
expresses negation*
a© In omblndea* onIetan» on**
uMiSm* sm&a&» saassziaaa*
on*
may carry a slightly intensifying meaning a® in
Of*
.witeMMs mly-MteE# 8i£l8tei» ga«MMtoL
earrie® a meaning of laciq with an added significance
of degree*
in each of these words the prefix can
translated as withouti orlaahtro. orSans.(naturally.
te k lS tia y z )#
o w reaflU a rs s a **
©8 -
carries an intone ire notion of away# applied to verbs
sin-
®* motion 9AMX*n» 0.ftgM>» SKfiSiSa*
can be found only in ooz^pounds* fro compounds in*
eluds the normal aenee of oontlnaally» jla£gMb»
siaaal. elng&la. fro others, slnhorss. stnnlht.
indicate great ®iae9 a® if a large a n y were one
continually in evidence*
It is possible that the
first meaning of alg- was large and the secondary
meaning continual*
Ihe writer believes that eon*
tlnual Is the primary meaning with a relationship
to Jt£i» dothis s tofts. I m m V L *
■OTiiMlW
to­
when oarrying any meaning stands for an intensive
ssparationt jjfeffiim* &5ft3%f9a» jStilSaB#
towsooan. to toalddss dirsotlon only is intendsd.
fturfc-
always means ^ust what one expects of it*
Used as
a preposition to mean throu^hy 5urh should and dees
suggest completeness*
It has not changed its mewing
la hundreds of ysarst
burhwadsn.
fttoftw.ton. SafMlfia*
Bibliography
Allen and Greenough
M s m , J, G*
Beattie
Booworth, J#
Braune-Balg
Breal,
Bright, J* w*
Callaway, m#, lr#
Callaway, M. , Jr.
Chase, V, H*
Cook, A# C#
Coreon# 11*
Severe
ifcesier, f*
Garland*
Garrison, J« L,
Gilchrist, J#
Sorrell, J. iu
Green, A,
Greg# a* p,
Haldeman, 3. s»
B&ldem&n, 3* s#
Ball, Clark
Jespersen, o,
Jesperssxi, u*
Jespersen, 0#
Johnson, 0*
Johnson, o.
Key, Thomas
Klaeber, P«
Kfapp, G* P*
March, p* A.
Bader, B#
oertel, H.
Oswald, J.
Peile, J*
Powell, J. w,
Ramsey, 3,
Eegnaud, P»
Hies, J»
Saplr, E#
Sayce, A. ii.
Latin Grammar
A dissertation on Speech
the theory of Language
the Element© of Anglo*Saxon Grammar
Gothic Grammar
Basal de Semexstiqus
Anglo-Saxon Header
The Absolute Participle in Anglo-Saxon
the Infinitive in Anglo-Saxon
Biographical Guide to Old English Syntax
slever* © Grammar of Old English
Handbook of Anglo-Saxon
Outlines of Comparative Philology
Words* Their History and derivation
The Philosophy of Words
Open Arcana of Somenalatare
The Etymologic interpreter
Indirect Discourse in Anglo-Saxon
The Dative of Agency
Comparative Philology of the old and
Sew Worlds
Affixes in Their origin and Application
Outlines of Etymology
Beowulf in M o d e m English Prose
A M o d e m English Grammar on Historical
Principles
Growth and Structure of the English
Language
Language
EngIIsohe Studien* Univ* of Chicago
Librarios
dome Old English Adverbs and Conjunctions
of the Time
Language t Its Origin and Development
Beowulf
M o d e m English
Comparative Grammar of the Angle-Baxon
Language
£ur Syntax dee Beowulf
Lectures on the Study of Language
An Etymological Dictionary of the
English Language
Philology
on the Evolution of Language
The English Language m ad English Grammar
origins et Philosophic da Langage
Was 1 st Syntax?
Languaget An introduction to the study
of Speech
Introduction to the Science of Language
Sayoe# A* H#
Schuohardt
Shipley# Q«
Small# G* w.
Smith# G * A .
Sommer# F*
Strong# tt# A#
Strong# H# A*
Stefti M.
3vttt# if#
Teoll# J?* H#
Teall* F« II#
feller# f* Mi*
Town# S#
Vendryes# J*
Wedgwood# M#
Wood# J#
Wright# J.
Wright# J#
Wright# J*
Wjrld# H# 0# k #
wyatt and Chamber©
The Principles of Comparative Philology
M o negation im Beowulf
fhe Genitive Cnee in Anglo-Saxon Poetry
the Comparison of Inequality
Old English Qvmmmx
Vergleichende Syntax der Sohulepmche
introduction to the study of the iii story
of Language
Paul9© Principle© of the h i s t o r y © f
Language
Anglo-Saxon Primer
the History of Language
the Compounding of English Words
English expound word© and ihrases
Outline© of history of the English
Language
An Analysis of Derivative Verbs in the
English Language
Le Laagage Introduction Linguistique
On the origin of Language
Etymological Guide to the Bnglisn
Language#
Grammar of the Gothic Language
Old English Qrsummv
old High German Primer
fhe Hiatorical Study of the Mother
tongue
Beowulf
i
Adverbial .
[email protected]
-ine
1 * in geardagum
5.
4.
4.
5.
6.
6*
?.
hu
oft
priatum
mi^bum
fydlmn
serest
a* under wolcnuia
a* weortayndum
9 . oft Hart
1 0 * ofer hronrade
1 2 . after
13* In geardum
14* f oloe
1 5. Er_
16. hwTle
16. him
16. ftg*
ia. wide
19. in^toedelan&um
20. swa
2 1 . feohglftum
2 1 . onbearme
22. bet
2 2 . on ylde
2 2 . ©ft
23. 3>onng
24. loftodi®
26. in migba
20.
gehvrasre
26. da
_
26. to gesomphWile
2 ?. on were
28# M
28. to^farode
29. swa
30. £>enden
30 . wordust
31. lange
32. 3aer
32.
hyde
34. & &
35. on b e a m
30. be miest#
30. |>ar
38. nm
38. cylioor
39. iiildewfgpnam
39. headovrssdum
40. billum
donetraction anglesiaxon-
Corresponding
Const* in ha tin
ablativef time when
daiive
adverb of manner
adverb of time
ablative of separation
dabiv©~
dative
ablative of separation
Conjunction* degree of time
adverb of time* superlative
pronoun genitive ease
dativ© of purpose
dative
locative ablative
ablhi %i ve fs p e d f ioati m
dativ©
conjunction time
accusative
locative ablative
adverb of time
dative
locative ablative
dative
indirect object
adverb of time
accusative of time
ace* time during which
pronoun dative
semi-adverb fr.pronoun
adverb manner
dative
locative ablative
adverb of maimer
dative
indirect object
dative
locative ablative
conjunction* purpose
dative
ablative time in which
adverb of time
eoigmction of time
ablative of cause
dative
genitive
partitive genitive
partitive genitive
dative
adverb of time
adverb of time
fbi. time at which
aos* place to which
dative
adverb of time
dative
aoc* place to which
conjunction of manner
conjunction of time
ablative of manner
dative
adverb of time
adverb 9 demonstra fcive
dative
ablative place at wh.
adverb of time
aoo« end of ..lotion
accusative
abl* place : t wlti ch
dative
adverb of place
adverb ©f negation
adverb* maimer* comparative
dative
ablative of means
dative
ablative of fieana
dative
ablative of moans
ii
Adverbial Expression
40 .bym u m
40.him
40.on bearm©
41.faimjaid
42. on eeht
43*nal«0
43*laoum
^
44 *^Sedgestreonum
44.bon
45.at frumsceafte
Construction AngloSaxon
dative
dative
dative
dative
accusative
adv. of negation,degree
dative
dative
conjunction comparison
dative
45.ford _
46.ofer y8©
47. $i
4?#gyt
4B.ofer_heafod
49.on gareeog
&0.ne _
5l*t£ soda
53. aa
33.on burgurn
54.b*£g@
55.foleum
55.©llor
36.©b |m%
56.eft
S7«i>©nden
58•glad©
60.in worold
64.ba
66*odd bat
66.georn©
6?.on mod
70.|>onn©
70.«£re
71. |>air
71.©s innan
72.goongum
72.ealdum
73.B*
74.wide
75.mmgl>©
73.grand middangeard
?6.pn tyr&tm
77.edr©
77.mid yldurn
78.him
78.word©©
79.
wide
80.no
81 .at symle
83.ng.
83.gen
adverb of place
accusative
ablative place where
adverb of time
adverb ©f time
accusative
ablative place where
aco. end of mo tidh
accusative
negative adverb
ablative, manner
accusative
adverb of time
dativ©
locative ablative
accusative
aco. time during wh.
abl. place where
dative
adverb of place
conjunction, time
adverb of time
conjunction time
adverb of manner
accusative
aco.place to which
adverb of time
conjunction time
adverb of manner
accusative
abl. place where
adverb of comparison
adverb of time
adverb of place
adverbial phrase of place
dative
indirect object
dative
indirect object
adverb of time
(ordering
adverb of place
dat.wlth verb of
dative
aco.extent of space
accusative
dativ©
ablative when
adverb of manner
dative
abl.cause or moans
dative
genitive
adverb of place
negative adverb
abl. place where
dative
negative
adverb of time
Uorresponding
Const in Latin
ablative means
ethical dative
abl. place whioh
abl. aceompanimexfc
ace. place to which
ablative maimer
ablative manner
ablative time at
which
adverbid Expression
as.jA
85*after waelnide
86* oarfodlToc
e ? .b » **£
87*la J>yetruia
80*in healle
93«m
97.1«&oman
97.1eafuia
97*eae
98*geh»ryleuigi
99*sea
99.dreamum
100*od «»t
100 *eadiglice
lOS.hwile
106 *elplan
107*la eynncd
108* {mbs
109*as
109.fsehde
lQC.feor
116* lor mane
lll.panon
X13*seyles
113*wl5 Gode
114*J>rage
114 .him
lld.digs
115*6a
110.neoaian
115*oy|>6an
lld.huaes
116*hu
^
ll?*efter beordege
110*ha
118* Imr
118*inne
119*after syxable
121.sons
125*5>anon
123.eft
124.huSe_
124.to ham
125.neosan
125.mid wmlfyXXe
126.Da _
126*on uhtan
1 2 6 *mid mrdaege
X27.gumum
128. pa
iii
O a a s t m l i ^ in Anglo-* Corresponding Const*
Saxon
la .Latin
advert of time
dative
ablative cause
advert of manner
accusative
aco* duration time
ablative manner
dative
ablative place where
dative
adverb of time
conjunction, relative
abl* manner
dative
abl* manner
dative
adverb of
dative
dative purpose
adverb of manner
adverb of manner
ablative manner
conjunction time
adverb of manner
accusative
aco* duration time
conjunction time
dative
abl* specification
pronoun as conjunction cause
adverb of negation
genitive
objective genitive
adverb of place
ablative cause
dative
conjunction place
adverb of degree
dative
dative of reference
accusative
ace* extent of time
indirect object
dative
ablative cause
genitive pronoun
adverb of tine
^
infinitive @f purpose with verb gewat
relative adverb
accusative
ace* direct object
adverb of manner
dative
ablative time when
adverb of time
adverb of place
adverb of place
dative
ablative time when
adverb of time
adverb of plaee
adverb of place
dative
dative v* adjective
accusative
ace* limit of notion
infinitive of purpose with verb gewat
dative
ablative of aooom*
adverb of time
dative
ablative timm when
dative
ablative means
dative
dbilve of agent
adverb of time
iv
Adverbial Mxpvm&mt&n
128.after wiatm
i m » tm
1 3 3 #to
134.Use
135.ymbe nlht
135*aft
136.no
134* fora
I3?*f«hlie
13?.fyrene
i» n « «
_
137.on |ia
138.Ja
130. olios ^ 9 7
139.gerumlicGr
140.after burum
X40.hl»
14X*t*ene
142#®y5|igui
X43*fyr
143. fa© tor
X43.fecmde
144.ova
X44.wid rihte
145 .wid eaXXtai
145* ed pit
147* tfd _
X&O.beanjum
Ibl.gyadum
151. gooraore
182*l*wiXe _ _
152.wi3 jjrcjgar
XOS.mlaeera
154*sifebe
134 «ne
135.wid hvrcna
156*foa
137# go
X87*|i»r
158. to folmum
161*•innibto
16a.no
163.hwyder
163*hwyrf turn
1*4* S*a
165.oft
167.nlhtuaa
Construction in Anglo- Corresponding Const*
in hatin
dative
obi ativo tine when
adverb ¥ o M u d of complement
conjunction llao
adverb of degree
negative combination with the verb woo
accusative
ace* duration tine
adverb of tine
negative adverb of degree
adverb of cause
accusative
abl* separation
accusative
abl* separation
adverb of degree
dative
abl* spool float! on
adverb of time
adverb of plane
adverb of plane* comparative
dative
dative with adj(near)
dative
indirect object
adverb of manner
dative
ablative of agent
adverb of time
adverb of place *0 Q»parativ©
adverb of manner, comparative
dative
ablative separation
adverb of manner
dative
ablative manner
dative
ablative* aeeenp*
conjunction* t l m
accusative
ace* duration time
adverb of cause
dative
dative w* adjective
dative
ablative of m a n e
adverb of manner
accusative
acc* duration time
ablative, aocamp.
accusative
partitive genitive
genitive
aoeueative
adverbial accusative
negative particle
aoeueative
cognate accusative
dative
ablative m a n e
adverb of place
datlvb
i
dative
adverb of place
dative
averb of degree
adverb time
dative
ablative agent
ablative time when
ablative manner
abl* t l m when
AAnrMai Kxpr«a«len Oanstruotion Anglo148#
xw.
149*
171*
M3*
m *
174*
MS*
Mi*
174*
178*
184*
180*
181*
188*
183*
184*
188*
188*
188*
184*
184*
187*
188*
188*
lit*
180*
190*
191*
198*
194*
198*
194*
197*
198*
800*
301*
303*
903*
no*
for Motod#
no
e£t .
to run#
owrdferhfium
eelegt
wi&f5rgryrtt*a
HtTllim
«t h&rgtrafuai
weMen
^
wigjjgorjn^aum
in mo&aefzm
no
m
pern
f wtU nXb
njtmpm
fTOfTQ
no
wlhte
e£t«r doaCdae*
tojftejMnn
***!
*fn
a®*
5* _
sIngala
Saxon
negative
dative
abl* ©auae or aoo ?
adverb of tin#
dative
abl* place where
dative
abl* manner
adv«ar% of m n m r f superlative
datlta
#91* aocompanlme at
datiro used a# adverb of tin#
abl* place
dative
abl# manner
dative
abl* means
dative
dative
abl* place where
dative
accusative
accusative
genitive
datly#
dative
dative
dativ©
adverb
adverb
adverb
dative of reference
ablative of cause
moo* place to which
objective genitive
u@#4 as adverb of degree or negation
dative of reference
ablative time when
abl* place where
of manner
of time
of wanner
919*
913*
w*
to
on Xeog*
t m m hpm
skid oe&tcm
mngenee
on dssge
him
_
ofer simnmde
M?8 Xytliwon
MS
yow
under beorge
on ebefn
wiS sand#
,
811*
dativ#
adverb of degree
dativ#
dativ#
dativ#
accusative
340#
dativ#
314*
318*
317*
317#
on tmmxm
ut
_
ofor wegholw
wind#
aooueativ#
adverb ef place
accusative
dative
210
CtanreegMmding Const*
in latin
adverb of degree
accusative
dativ#
dativ#
genitive
dativ#
dativ#
accusative
aoc# end of motion
abl* place from which
locative ablative
genitive of spec*
ablative tine when
dative reference
aoc* extent of space
ethical dative?
dative w# adjective
ablative place where
abl* place where
ace* motion to implied
abl* plaoe®§ ace* end
ef motion
ace* end of action
nee* extent space
abl# mean#
I
f£
3
**■« f*
it^ yL jyy
•
Tl
op©
**■**© ^
»
-
0 •©
*3-*g
' i i
©
©
4
sg
#
f
*
!*
2
*
.?
*?
If
r ir
H
»
I*
2.
4
% % % ^**f*i*#*:
♦ • 3k'” 4 #$4!$
© f
© ®© ©
© H h,
©
HH©j©
HH
It©
©
♦
H
#
2
s
5
vii
Adverbial hxpresaion
Cons true tl on# Anglo-*
Saxon
Corresponding OonsfcIn hwtin
2 65•on geardum
&at ive
adverb of manner
adverb of place
ablative from yhich
accusative
ace. extent of apaoe
265»gearwe
26o*wXde
266#geond oor|>an
2 6? • burh Iiige
;J68*o 00 eun
2?X#n@
accuser tive
infinitive of purpose with cwomon after it*
adverb of mannar
dative
abl# place where
negative adverb with verb
ablative time within v/hio3
dative
375#niiitum
a b l • of means
accusative
376#burh egsan
adverb from pronoun
277# bets
27S#burh sefasi
accusative
2 79 •ilia
adverb of manner
dative
reference
2o0 #hxm
dative
adverb of time
-8X*gft
adverb of time
adverb of time
ey|>5an
onj un o ti on time
284* pgnden
284*|>#r _
demonstrative adverb
dative
ablative place in which
285#an heahstede
286*d5"r
conjunction# place
286#on wioge
ablative .place where
dative
889# we 3*
adverb of manner
891*frean
dative with adj#
dative
adverb of place
291.ford
391#beran
infinitive of purpose with verb gewita|i
295*on o&nde
dative
ablative place where
296#arum
_
ablative of manner
dative
29 7 •of© v lagus fcreamas accusative
dative
298# to 'ufdemearoe
302#on sale
dative
ablative place in which
3Q3#on anorf
ablative specification
dative
304,ofor frleorbergan dative
ablative place where
304#e;old©
dative
ablative of manner
307#tttsomne
adverb of manner
307 • op port
conjunction time
309 •f o idbuendum
dative
dative of reference
310 , under roderum
dative
ablative place where
310* on j)££p
dative
abl# place in which
3Xl#ofer fela
ac-o uaative
312*iiim
dative
t ive o f re fe ran o©
«'>X2*3a
adverb of time
313*him to
314#g©gm*m
adverb
place
315#after
adverb of time
3 1 ? # m d are iaf urn
ablative o. cause
adverb of time
.5X8# to BB
chitive
abl# nluce ,t which
3X9# will we rod
accusative
32 3# in soaimcB
dative
abl# plaoe in / hi
323 *Ua
conjunction time
383#to sele
dative
323#furSun
dative of time
524#in gryregeatwura
dative
2?3*3opiice
274* mid :>cyldln&usi
274»nat
fill
Adverbial Expression
Construction, Angle**
0orres§pc**ding Const#
in Latin
326*wi$ weal
327*%
327#to bene#
$2S**tgm&sfe
33Q.u£mn
33X*wmpmtm
331#%
331# 3nr
332# ore tmeogas
3$2#*fte* asj>eltmi
333*hwanon
3$6»ne
337#bM»
_
337 •modlglicran
333# for wlenee
333#for wrmesleum
330*itallee
359.for higedrymmum
340*to
341»after
342.under helms
344 •8 p u
340«deodne
346#j|ldre
343* us
340#man©mna
3S3#ygib aft
334*%
334.%
353.me
333*bg
33«.b©r _
356*hr©dlTo©
337*iald fedribt
CM.Jsrt
358*f£r eaxlum
330.t& wlnedrihte
3to .Her
361*foorran
363*ofor Jpgang
3d$*wi6 be
366*woraura
367 *no
367# him
369*eorla
369*g£ahtlan
369*huru
570* hi dor
370«h£a3orinoun
374* Bean
374* to tom
376* her
accusative
adverb of time
totive
advert of manner
adverb place
dative
ace* end of motion
adverb of place
accusative
dative
adverb of place
ablative of specification
sec* dir* object
ablative of specif*
adverb of degree
adverb of manner* comparative
dative
ablative of cause
dative
abl# of cause
adverb* negative, superlative
abl# of cause
dative
adverb of tine
adverb of tine
ablative place where
dative
dative with aeeegan
dative with aseegaa
dative with aeeogasi
indirect object
dative
abl* of specification
dative
accusative
abl* of specification
dative
adverb of tine
Indirect object
dative
adverb ©f time
adverb of place
adverb of manner
accusative
abl# of aoo oapaniment
conjunction, time
abl* of place
dative
dative
indirect object
adverb of place
adverb of place
ace# secondary cbj#
accusative
dative
abl* of accompaniment
dative
ablative of manner
dative negative
indirect object#
genitive
subjective genitive
genitive
objective genitive
adverb of maimer
adverb of place
dative
ablative accompaniment
dative
indirect object
dative
abl# of direction
adverb of place
ix
Adverbial Bxprsssloii
Construction, AngloSaxon
377»2*>nne
378*Geata
379*i>«£de^
379* to pence
380* on mundgripe
382* for aratafum
383* to West-lJenuai
384. wi 6 gryre
3S4*godan_
385*for moddrnoe
388*ia
337*seen
387«mtgmdere
388« him
388*gordum
388.©ac
389.leodum
390* lime
391*E©w
_
393*oler eSwyliaaa
395*nu
395.in gufisearwua
398«und£r heregriman
39 6*gosoon
397*her
399*pa
399.ymb hlne
400*
402#atsomne _
403* under hrof
404*under helms
404. pet
404*on heorie
405*on him
406* 0r|>£U3&U£l
407«Higsl&oee
409. on &eogo]>©
410* on ©f>elturf
410*undyme
413*stitan
414*imder lm5or
413*pa
418.forpan
419.3a
419*ol searwum
420.l¥ondim
420»ter_
421* on yjum
422.njLhteo
424*nu
adverb of time
genitive
adverb ol place
dative
dative
dative
dative
dative aoc*
dative
dative
adverb ol place
infinitive cl purpose
adverb ol manner
dative
dative
adverb degree
dative
adverb ol place
dative
ac usativ©
adverb ol time
dative
instrumental
infinitive ol pur
adverb ol place
adverb ol time
accusative
adverb of place
adverb ol manner
accusative
dative
conjunction time
dative
ins trumemtal
da i.ive
genitive
dative
dative
adv* manner
conjunction* time
accusative
adverb ol time
conjunction cause
conjunction time
dative
dative
conjunction place
dative
genitive
adverb ol time
Corresponding Const*
in hatln
objective genitive
dative ol purploee
abl* place in which
dative ol purpose
dim e ti on
end ol motion
indirect object
abl* of cause
with verb gun
indirect object
abl# ol manner
dative w»
dative with adjective
indirect object
aco* secondary obj*
abl* of acccm.
abl* of accompaniment
with verb g&ngan
aoo* end of motion
abl* place where
abl. place where
abl* place where
abl. of means
poaoi gen.meanlng frcm
abl* time m which
abl* place where
acc* seaondary obj*
abl* separation
abl* of separation
abl* place where
adverbial genitive
Adverbial Expression
Construction, ingle*
Saxon
4E4»«ii Ore&del
425.wid
426.WJ.5 pyrse
426.ng
426.M
423* 5a
429. ne
430#i*u
430*pus
430.feormn
435.©ao
_
434*fov wnhydum
434.»e
435#|)£nn0
434.nraj?n<t
433*mod©&
438.to f U M
438»nid gra&C
439 .wi# feoade
439*ymb f«0 lfe
440.1&3 vii lapnp
440. % r
441#doase_
443* in
444*©£t
443*na_
447.dreore
449 *unmurnli oe
430.no
450.ne
430*ymb 481 feeeme
431*1eng
452.Higelac©
453*a _
455* ewa.
400* to imndbonan
431*mia wilfingum
431# 5a
„_
462.for herebrogan
463*|>anoR
404*ofer gewealo
463*5a
433.cn
43? #50
accusative
accusative
accusative
a i m t af time
dative
advert of time
470.feo
471*ofer hrycg
4?l#%lfi»gm
472.JWB
473*»©
473.cn sef&n
475*©n accrete
4 7a. on gryre
advert
advert
advert
advert
dative
of
of
of
of
Corresponding Cemt#
in Latin
ablative of s omree
time
tdegrse
pl«9i
4<gm
ablative of cause
advert of time
objective genitive
genitive
genitive specification
genitive
ablative place where
dative
ablative manner
dative
ablative
accompaniment
dative
accusative
direct object
idiom
abl* of manner
advert of place
abl* place where
dative
abl# place where
dative
advert of time
negative advert
abl# of ep©cifioation
dative
advert of manner
advert# nee#
advert.iieg#
direct object
accusative
advert time comparative>
dative
dat# indirect object
advert time
conjunction manner
possessive
dative
dative
abl# place where
conjunction time
dative
abl* of cause
advert time
accusative
direct object
conjunction time
dative
abl* time at dii#t
oonjunction time
advert time
dative
abl# .of means
accusative
aec# secondary obj*
dative
ladirect object
dative
indirect object
dative
possessive dative
abl# place where
dative
dative
abl* place where
accusative
ace* end of motion
Corresponding Const*
in Latin
Adverbial Expression
Construction AngloSaxon
4?9*dgda
4S0*beore
480*oft
480*ful
_
481* ofe r_eal ow©ga
482*in beeresle
483*mid ecga
484 .Donne
484* oil morgentXd
485*porune
486.blode ^
48? •hjgerudre ore
48?*Jjgr
489»H|
489*to symle
489*ra©oto
490*ee&guEi
490* ova
491* M
491.Geatra©cgum
491*«etso|gpe
492«on beorssle
493*£tt»r
493.s*ittan
494.bry5um
495*0X1 hands
496»hwTlum
497»hador
497*on Hooroto
498*pm* ^
500*«t fotum
301* Him
503*no
504*«fre
505*under heofenum
506*wi5 Breean
507*on m
SOV.yigb sund
gonitire of separation
genitive
abl.
of means
dative
adverb of tin*
adverb of degree
aooueative
abl. place in whieh
dative
genitive
adverb of time
aoo* time during which
aooueative
conjunction time
abl* of means
dative
abl* of means
dative
pronoun instrumental adv* degree
adverb of time
dative
abl* place where
probably adverb of manner
dative
dative of reference
conjunction manner
adverb of time
dative
dative of reference
adverb of manner
abl* place in whivh
dative
adverb of place
infinitive of purpose with verbeodon
dative
abl* specification
dative
abl* of manner
dative used as adverb of time
adverb of maimer
dative
ablative place in which
introductory word * adverb of time
dative
abl* place where
dative
abl* of specification
neg* adverb
adverb of time
dative
abl* place where
dat* or ace*
with verb of contending
aooueative
extent of spaee
aooueative
extent of space
conjunction place
dative
ablative of source
dative
ablative of source
accusative
extent of spaee
neg* adverb
negative correlatives
secondary object
accusative
conjunction, time
accusative
extent ?
conjunction, time
dative
ablative of means
ablative means, manner
dative
accusative
extent of spaee?
dative
ablative of manner
soa.ter
508* for wlenoe
509*for dolgilpe
509*on weter
310*310
511*ne ... no
312*815
322*|>a
512*on sund
313* ter
513*eanaum
514*munduHi_
515*&fer garsseg
xii
■idferbial J&xpressioii
Construction in Anglo- Corresponding const.
Saxon
in Latin
516.
01?.
51?.
518.
519.
519.
sac.
521.
522.
524.
©as.
52.5.
526.
550.
530.
531.
531.
532.
534.
534.
535.
536.
536.
53?*
53?.
53?.
538.
530.
539.
539.
540.
540.
541.
541.
342.
542.
543.
343.
543.
343.
344.
344.
344.
545.
545.
550.
550.
550.
552.
553*
354.
555.
555.
355.
a Qi;. jp1& 0 ©
accueatI t ©
accusative duration of time
abl. specification
dative
duration of time
accusative
'moo* verb of motion
aooueative
adverb of place
adverb of plae©
dative of reference
dative
conjunction place
adverb of maimer
adverb of manner* cause
possessive dative
dative
adverb of place
adverb of degree
adverb of degree
dative
abl. of Ricans
accusative
aciC. end of motion
dative
abl* of manner
abl. place where
dative
oonj imo t ion o ompa ri © on
abs. pres* part. time
adverb of time
adverb of time
dative
abl. time in which.
secondary object
aooueative
adverb of place
dative
abl. of manner
ytanner
adverb
conjunction time
aooueative
aco. secondary obj.
abl. place in which
dative
aao. sseendazy obj.
a>:.;cusative
negative adverb
dative
dative of separation
abl. place where
dative
adverb of place
adverb of maimer* c omparative
dative
ablative place where
negative adverb
ablative separation
dative
onSht
seofon niht
&t sunde
morgentjd _
on Ifeabo-llOTaas
up
demon
land iim
sod©
Bonn©
to p©
gehs»Sr
worn
fola
boor©
ymb Brooa
rrom ©ra©
on ypura
|?01111©
cnihtwes a n&e
M
on gepgodfeore
on garseeji
ut
alarum
sm
Jm
on sund
on imnda.
\itfi hranfixas
no wiht
fT&mjsS
flody]>um
Poor
hiafor
holoie
no
frem him
Lia
atsoi^ia
on BB
fyrsi
Op ]XBt
-
wi 0 ladim
m©
_
on broostum
to grand©
f@ste_
on grape
hmejpre
MB
adverb of manner
abl. place v/her©
dative
accusative
duration of tix-je ace
conjunction time
adverb of place m o d for time
dative
dative of sparation
dative
indirect object
abl. place who re
dative
dative
tlxrecti on
adverb of manner
abl. of manner
dative
adverb of cause
dative
indirect object
xiii
A dverbial Expression
Const ruction Anglo-
Saxon
556*
50?*
558*
559*
560*
561*
561*
563*
664*
564#
ordo
hildcMll©
iMgki hand
dwa
pearl#
sw&orde
swa
Mb b
Byphsl
ssggrund© niah
500, OH mergenne
500*
506.
560#
507#
607,
667#
567*
©68*
©09,
mS®\m
b© yllaf#
upp©
mordua
|®t
sydjmn
im
ymb ford
lade
Native
dative
accusative
Corresponding const#
in ha tin
abl* of manner
abl* of wanner
second-a'y object
adverb of degree
adverb of xsmnner
dative
conjunction manner
neg* in verb
accusative
dative
dative
dative
dative
adverb of place
dative
conjunction manner
adverb of time
negative adverb
accusative
secondary5, extent
genitive
gen* with verb of
abl* of means
direct cbjeot
abl# place where
abl* time ajfe stiioh
abl • of e i>eoi f i ea ti on
abl* place wiser©
abl# of agent
hindering
569#
571*
572*
575#
574#
574*
574*
575#
575#
070*
577#
577,
578#
578*
579*
679.
580#
580*
581*
081*
ne
last
©ft
Jorme
Hgm&era
me
raid sweord
no
on niht
under txmaXt
na _
on egstreamum
hgt&Jjere
feore
e£>eo
ttfter fared®
on land
m wihi
trsm pS
503* nSfre
583*
584#
584#
585*
586*
086*
586*
586#
588*
© 88*
591*
git
mt headolaee
nS^
sm
sweordum
no
fela
p&e
pm®
in helle
nmtr®
conjunction manner
adverb of time
conjunction cause
odverbf (v a g u e )
dative
dative
negative adverb
dative
mo cusative
negative conjunction
dative
adverb (vague)
dative
genitive
adverb of time
dative
accusative
indirect object
abl* manner
abl* time at which
no©* extent
abl* place -where
abl# specification
gen* of specification
abl# of means
ace;#- sod,of motion
negative adverb
dative
neg# adverb of time
adverb of time
dative
adverb of degree
dative
negative adverb
adverb of degree
genitive
"sezal-adverb"
dative
adverb of time
Idative of reference
(ablative of source
abl# time when
abl* of manner
verb# takes genitive
verb takes genitive
abl* place in which
Adverbial Expression
Construction AngloSaxon
912#
598#
594«
595*
dative
dative
correlative adverbs
601
^aldfi
enjtjsoroto^
swa •«• m
me
*•. —
to %r*24iitm
602
603
604
604
665
606
607
669
nu
8ft
to iaedo
sibpan
ofor b e a m
sufran
612
613
614
613
616
616
617
616
618
ford
a il
621
622
623
626
627
628
629
630
630
632
632
633
634
635
636
638
639
—
©H Beowulfa
OQhealle
epelwearde
*t beorj>ege
loodum
on lust
oJi |st
beowulfs
smi{to
Goto
wordum
(8fi 6e
hire
«ajwl
§1 iiftlt|£oa
M
pa
on holm
i&id gedriht
anunga
Q£| Wffil ^
feondgrapun
on meeduhs&lle
*e
to froan
641 e^ttan
M2
642 sea
642* jft
mt
xiv
Corresponding const*
in hatlm
dative of reference
abl* place in which
dat. possession
dative
adverb of manner
adverb of tilBS
adverb of t i m
abl* purpose
dative
conjunction list
accusative
direct object
adverb of place
adverb of time
dative
dative of separation
adverb as introd* word
adverb of place
possessive genitive
genitive
abl* place where
dative
adverb of time
adverb of tiiae# euperlatlve
dative
indirect object
abl*
place whege
dative
dative
dat* w* adj* leofne
accusative
abl* of manner
adverb of tin#
aoo* end of notion
accusative
eonjunction tine
plaoe where
dative
abl* of specifioation
dative
dative with fxuioode
dative
abl* specification
dative
conjunction oauee
possession
dative
aoo* end of notion
accusative
aooueative
dative
dat* or abl* separation
adverb of tine
dative
dative vr* adjective
conjunction tine
accusative
aoo* plaoe to which
aoo* secondary object
aooueative
adverb of maimer
accusative
aoo* end of motion
dative
abl* place where
abl* place where
dative
dative
after verb of pleasing
adverb of manner
dative
abl* place where
infinitive of purpose with verb code
adverb of time
onjunction manner
adverb time
adverb time
m
Adverbial Kxpreasiem
642
642
644
644
646
64?
646
646
649
651
653
655
655
655
656
65?
65?
69?
699
660
660
661
663
663
665
665
666
669
6?0
6?©
6?1
671
671
672
©73
679
676
677
678
678
©78
679
679
680
681
©83
685
68©
686
68?
©87
688
689
Inn©
oa healle
Oj» &0t
to heahsele
si Sian
ej> 5e
©for ©all©
u^der wolonum
nafre
jpn
mw
P
%
^
m@rj»©
wid wraj>usi
no
a^dre
Ba
8 fd gedryh
ut
of hsftUi^ ^
Grendle togeanoa
geome
modgan
hyldo
£a
him
of
of hafel&n
ombihtpegne
s*
ar
no
&g| J^OVOV896Sltm
gapweorea
J>onne
sweorde
noil#
aldre
nat
on niht
ofor TOpon
sib&nxt
on«#*bond
no
^|ig|
Kim
Construction Angle*
Saxen
adverb of plao#
dative
conjunction tin#
advarb of m tm « r
dative
dative
conjunction time
conjunction tin#
aooueative
dative
adverb of tine
adverb of tin#
dative
adverb of tin#
conjunction tin#
dative
adverb of tin#
adverb of tin#
genitive
dative
dative
adverb of tin#
accusative
adverb of place
dative
dative
adverb of manner
genitive
genitive
conjunction* tin#
dative
adverb of maimer
datig#
dative
adverb of tin#
adverb of tin#
negative adverb
dative
genitive
conjunction comparison
dative
negative adv# in verb
dative
negative adverb in the
dative
accusative
adverb of time
accusative
conjunotion maimer
dative
adverb of time
dative reflexive
Corresponding const.
in labia
abl* place where
abl* agent
abl* place where
ace* extent
ablative of cause
dative# indirect obj*
dat. indirect object
genitive specification
abl* of separation
ablative of manner
secondary object
abl* place fm m ehieh
dative purpose
gen* of specification
gen* of specification
ethical dative
abl* place from which
indirect adject
abl* of specifioation
partitive genitive
abl* of mean#
abl* of separation
verb
abl* time when
acc* end ofmotion
dative reference
xri
Adverbial Expression
Oonetraction Angle*
Saxon
torreeponding const*
in laatln
689* Vgb
advert of place
691# henig
negative form in pronoun
091* bmnon
advert of plaoe
690* £ft
advert of tine
692* Stfre
advert of tine
693* bar
relative advert plaoe
694# BT
advert of time
693* In wftnsole
abl* plaoe in which
dative
696* frig
dative
dative w* vert forgeaf
697* loodura
dative with forgeaf
dative
699* 6urh craft
aoo* with prep* durh
aooueative
702* on niht
ablative tine at which
dative
703* wideferh5
advert time
706, yldsxm
dative
abl* time when
706* 2f
706*
conJune, ion time
707* un^er seeadu
aoa# @eo ondary object
aooueative
700* w$*bwm
abl* of manner
dative
710* Bn_ *m
advert of tine
710* of more
abl* place from which
dative
r* under misthleo|>um da tire
abl* place where
713* In sole
abl* place in which
dative
714* under wolonuca
abl* place where
dative
714, to p m be
conjunction cause
715, ge&rwest
advert of maimer, superlative
710, fatima
dative
abl. of specifioation
710* nafre
advert of time
710* |a alderdagum
dative
abl, time when
713*
advert of time
713*
713* sjj>6an
negative conjunction
720* m
advert of time
700* te^reeede
dative
place where'
721* djreamum
dative
abl* separation
701. ecna
advert of time
722, eypton
conjunction, time
722* foiam
abl* of manner
dative
723* M
advert of time, cause
723* £a
conjunction, time
704, m p *
advert of manner
724* sfteraJ>exi
instrumental pronoun
720* m flor
aooueative
acc, end of lactic®
720* ef eagtjm
abl*. of separation
dative
727* ligge gellooat
dative w# adj. llfce
dative
723* in recede
dative
abl* place in which
729* samod etgedere
advert of manner
730* &■
advert of time
731* mr
advert of time
733* n *
accusative
acc. aeaondaxy obj*
733* *
conjunction* cause
734* **£
„**&» -*•»
734* to gen
advert phrase *by no means” degree*
xvii
Adverbial Bxpreeaien
Construction Angle*
Saxon
Gorresponding ©oust#
in Batin
755#
737.
738*
739*
740*
742*
743*
743#
745*
745*
740*
747*
7404
740*
749*
749#
750*
754*
754*
752*
752*
753*
754*
754*
734*
754*
784*
755*
750*
780*
757#
757*
758*
704*
700#
762*
703#
703*
703#
704#
705#
700*
707*
708*
708*
709*
accusative
adverb ©f manner
dative
aoc* extent of t h n
772*
772*
774#
774#
ofer niht
hu
^
under fargripucs
no*
&ra5e
edruaa^
eynenadua
sona
S*or6
near
m|.d_lmnda
togeanes
aid iolme
hra&©
wid earn
inwit&anoum
eona
no
mi&d&nge&rdes
sonata
on man
on mods
ferhte
n©
«£
Jgr
tmm
on healster
no
pmr
on o&lderdagum
«r
|»a
furjmr
f^ate ^
pmr snm
widre
on wag
jpanon
an fenhopu
o q grapum
to Boorut©
Benum
_
ceas terbueaduia
gohwylaura
eorlura
|>a _
on hrusan
no
innsrn
utan
abl# of maimer
adverb of manner
abi# of eeparation
dative
abl# of manner
dative
adverb of time
adverb of plaoe
adverb Of plaoe# comparative
dative
abl* of maimer
abl# of m i m e r
dative
abl* of maimer
dative
adverb of manner
accusative
direct object
abl# of manner
dative
adverb of time
partitive genitive
genitive
go ni tive
partitive genitive
abl* place in which
dative
abl* of manner
dative
abl# of manner
dative
negative adverb
adverb of time# comparative
adverb of degree# from pronoun
adverb of place
aooueative
aao* end of motion
adverb of place
abl# time when
dative
adverb of time
adverb of time
adverb of plaoe* comparative
adverb of manner
relative adverb
aooueative
ace* with verb of motion
aooueative
adverb of place
rnoom end of motion
accusative
abl* place where
dative
dative
abl# place where
dative
abl# place where
dative
abl* of accompaniment
dative
abl# of acoompanlaun t
dative
abl# of accomi^nismnt
adverb of time
aooueative
aoc* end of motion
adverb of place
adverb of place
xflii
Adverbial .isxpreeoiott
774
775*
775
775m
777
777
778
778
778
778
781
783
785
785
784
785
790
791
791
793
794
797
797
798*
79®
800
802
804
805
808
808
800
809
809
812
814
818
815
81®
819
819
821
823
824
825
825
827
327
828
828
irenbundura
sg&ro|>0 neu»
from sylle
gglde
$mw
m
m
a
mid p s»it
li.vtuia
3m ew&bule
gei
gelrwyloum
on wealle
on dmge
Mold©
ssnigQ
^llgum
t1*
»&
jN*
on gehwone
ofer ®orf>an
gtimridte
on die&e
on geweald
fftor
©ror
mold®
be honda
Iqim
© H ©axle
Beowulf©
under fenhleodu
ponan
geornor
M«um
fitter m B l m i
«r
feormn
wi5 nT§®
nihtwejsra©
0ll«ma®r|>ua
Eaet-Bonum
Conetruction AngloSaxon
Gorrespondinn oonct
in Latin
dative
dative
adverb of plaoe
dative
dative
conjunction plaoe with
abl* of means
abl* of manner
abl* plaoe from which
abl* specification
per in lime 775
adverb of time
adverb of time
aooueative
abl* of manner
abl
*of me sms
dative
dative
abl* of maimer
adverb of degree
abl*of plaoe
dative
abl* plane
dative
abl* place from whioh
dative
abl* tim® when
dative
adverb in th© verb
dative instrumental
abl* of means
dative of reference
dative
adverb of place
conjunction plaee (wherever)
adverb of manner
conjunction time
cognate aooueative
accusative
accusative
aoc* extent of space
dative (adj* phrase) abl* of oauoe
abl* of cause
dative
dative
ablative time when
aoo* end of motion
aooueative
adverb of plaoe
adverb of time
adverb of timm* oomparativ©
adverb in the verb
dative
abl* of maimer
dative
ethical dative
dative
abll * plaoe where
dative
dative of possession
aeoueatlve
acc* end ofmotion
adverb of place
adverb of m n n e r t comparative
dative
dative of reference
dative
abl* time when
adverb of time
adverb of plaoe
dative
abl* separation
dative
abl* of cause
dative
abl* of cause
dative
Adverbial Expression
Gonetraction Angle**
?>&xon
Corresponding const*
In hatin
adverb of time
abl* of oauee
dative
conjunction cause
secondary object
aooueative
adverb of time
accusative (completionTacc# duration time
aooueative
44
aoc* extent of ©pace
adverb of place
adverb of place
geond wTdwegas
aooueative
aoc* verb of motion
sgeawian
inf in uivc of purpose with verb ferdaa
negative adverb
J*
©negum
dative
dative of reference
hasten
adverb of place
weg
aooueative ueed a© adverb* acc* w? verb motiim
on mere
accusative
acc. end of motion
on hlods
dative
abl* of spacii‘1cation
heolfre^
dative
abl* specification
hgorodreore
dative
abl* of specification
nTle
genitive of instrument
sidten
adverb of time
dreams
genitive
genitive separation
in fenfreote
aoc* secondary obj *
accusative
Jmir
adverb of place
him
dative
dative with verb onfOn
^uioa
adverb of place
adverb of place
eft
_
of gamem/aj>©
place from which
dative
from mere
place from which
dative
abl*of manner
dative
on
blanoum
dative
abl*
of manner
OK
Ber
adverb of plaoe for time
adverb of time
o£*
eui
adverb of place
nor
adverb of place
be earn
dative
abl* plaoe where
ofer ©ormengrund aooueative
a*; * extent
under bsgong
aoc* extent
aooueative
rices
genitive
gen* of quality
negative
huru
adverb of cause
wiht no
negative adverb
hwllust
dative
abl* time when
ei| geflib
accusative
eongats object
ter
conjunction* place
cyatusa
dative
abl* of specification
hwTlum
dative
abl* time when
gite
genitive
gen* of epeeifieatlen
sole
adverb of manner
©ft
adverb of time
onyttrum
dative
abl* of manner
on sped
cog* aoc*
accusative
SEP
for f>rianydtBn
syf>8an _
under href
Ba
on morgen
ymb gifhealle
feorran
Adverbial Kxpreecioa
874*
073,
878*
879*
880#
881*
881*
sea*
885*
884*
836,
886*
687*
889*
889*
890*
690*
891#
898*
395*
895*
896*
899*
909*
9000
900*
901*
90B*
905*
905*
904*
905*
907*
907*
907*
908*
909*
915*
915*
916*
916*
917*
917*
919*
980*
930#
wordtm
gearvtit
no
aid M b s
pQj&i*
SP8
a
art nX5a
«fi«f dSa&dBgo
sweorduua
®yj>dan
wigea
^
under a tab
ne
Him mid
hwsabre
him
on wealle
mor5r©
*l»e
dome
©u b e a m ^
ofex werjieod*
©llentedum
jb§®e
nr
siiijh
mid ifotanu®
on geweald
©nude
to
swylee
oft
malum
him
bealwa
*■**%
bar
eynne
tYmpn&vm
Hwllum
mearum
Da
to sole
seen
swylcg, ^
©f brydbure
111: get rum©
935* c y s t tarn
935* 'mid him
924* 'hose
925* to healle
986* ©n st&pole
Construction AngloSaxon
Corresponding a<mat
in la tin
dative
adverb of maimer
abl# of manner
aooueative
oonjunction
conjunction manner
adverb of time
genitive
dative
da ive
oonjunction time
genitive
accusative
abl* time when
abl# of mean©
gen* of specification
a© c# end of motion
ciativw
abl* accompaniment
adverb of oauee
dat* of reference
dative
abl# place where
dative
aoc* cognate obj*
dative
dative
abl* of mean©
dative
abl* of manner
aoo* end ofmotion
aooueative
accusative
aoc* extent
dative
abl*of cmeoifi cation
genitive
adverb of time
conjunction time
dative
abl# accompaniment
end ©f motion
aooueative
adverb of plaoe
adverb of manner
adverb of degree
adverb of degree
adverb of time
abl# time when
dative
dative
abl* separation
genitive
gen# with idea of help
adverb of place for manner
dative
dative of reference
dative of reference
dative
abl* time when
dative
abl# aooomp* or manner
dative
adverb of time
abl* place where
dative
infinitive of purpose with verb gan
dalfve
Aag3?ee
abl# place from
in© trumen tal
abl* aoc ©mp&nlmeai
dative
abl* specification
dative
abl* acc aespaniiaent
dative
abl* aeecBtpanis® nt
dative
abl# plaoe where
dative
abl* place where*
y#H|.
Adverbial JSxpresalon
927
90S
tag
930
930
933.
932
932
933
934*
933
937
937
930
939
939
939
940
941
941
942
944
943
943
940.
947
940
943*
940
949
949
949
gold®
aaeyme
limgr®
g% Grandel
a
*ft«£ wuadre
mjgeara
06
blod*
geliwylcum
wldcferhd
la|>um
8CUCCUB1
e&inntim
xtm
jgurh miht
#9
it®
enyttrum
after gurncym
hyre
b&arngebyrda
**S
on ferh&e
fer$
feia
it®
*
960
931
931
931
932
933
993
934
933
939
936
936
993
999
962
063
963.
964
963
067
967
9m
Ri
eft _
for iSeeaii
rino®
0t 00066
self
tedum^
aj»a to aldre
00£®
a®0
8»
os£ura
fro an®
on fret*
toadlio©
cm wmlbedde
for mundgripe
96
Construction Angle**
Sapcon
Corresponding const*
in batin
dative
genitive
adverb of manner
dative
adverb of time
abl* of speaiftaatim
genitive with, n o w
abl# of agent
adverb of time
dative of possession
dative
dative
adverb of time
dative
dative
dative
adverb of time
accusative
adverb of tint®
dative
dative
dative
genitive
adverb of time
dative
dative
adverb of time
adverb of degree
dative
conjunction tine
adverb of degree
adverb of time
dative
dative
dative
dative
dative
adverb of time
dative
oonj unction manner
adverb of time
dative
adverb of manner
dative
adverb of manner
dative
dative
dative
conjunction eauae
negative in ***7 vefb
abl* specification
dat* of referenda
abl# of separation
abl# of eepar&tlext
dat* of separation
abl# of w m m m
abl* of plaoe
dative w* adj*
genitive specification
dative possession
abl# of place
dat# of reference
dat* of reference
indirect object
abl* plaoe?
dative reference
abl# of means
abl* of manner
abl# of manner
abl# place In which
abl* means
abl# place where
abl* of cause
xxii
Adverbial Expression
958
968
968
969
970
970
970
971
972
972
974
974
974
975
976
976
977
977
978
979
979
980
981
962
962
983
984
991
991
991
992
996
997
998
1001
1002
1008
1002
1004
1005
1008
1007
1007
1008
1008
1009
ion
1011
1012
1018
1013
1013
1014
no
g&ems
to _
on tSpm
mg&i&ro
to lifwra!*
weardian
MB*
5§
W
long
synnum
in nidgripe
nearn
Ipien
%r
doxaes
hu
Him
i*
&a
on gylaprSoe
oi|>te«i
crafts
efer Href
far an
in
hrebe
innaitwe&rd
folmum
after wagum
#n5e
IrenHoj^di
fyrendsdum
on fleam
aldres
sawlbc rcndra
nyd©
bearna
Imr
Isgerfeedde
®fter symle
healle
Ke
weorode
j # einogyfan
eel
M
to benee
fylle
corresponding coast*
Construction AngloSaxon
in Latin
genitive
gen* specification
adverb of
adverb of
dative
adverb of
dative
infinittro
manner
degree
abl* specification
cause
abl* cause
of purpose with verb forlet
adverb of place for moaner
instrumental
adverb of time* comparative
dative
ablative of means
dative
abl* of place
adverb of manner
dative
abl* of
adverb of place for manner
gen* with verb of waiting
genitive
adverb of anner
dative w* verb accusing
dative
adverb of time
abl* specification
dative
conjunction
abl* of means
dative
accusative
place
adverb of place
adverb of time
adverb of manner
adverb of place
abl *
dative
abl* place where
dative
adverb of degree
dative
abl* specifi cation
dative
accusative
gen* with adjective
genitive
genitive
dative
genitive
conjunction place
dative
dative
adverb or time
dative
genitive objective
abl* of means
objective genitive
abl* place in which
abl* of time
abl* place where
abl*
dative
aoc*
accusative
adv* of manner, c ompara 1 ve
adverb of time
dative
abl*
dative
abl*
of m n n e r
secondary obj*
place where
cause
jo c ili
Adverbial Expression
1014*
16*
1?*
18*
10*
19*
80®
20*
24.
25*
25*
2 S.
86*
8?*
87*
88*
29*
29.
30*
31*
31*
32*
32*
33*
04 *
35*
36*
37*
37*
37.
38.
38*
40.
41.
41*
42*
43*
43.
45*
4 8*
47.
48.
48*
49*
49.
50.
50*
50.
51.
52*
54.
54*
35*
f age re
on sol©
In nan
freondum
riallea
benden
!*&
Be owulf e
beforan b o o m
on flette
no
feohgyfte
for seeotendum
ne _
freondlToor
golds
in ealobenoe
cTdrum _
ymb hrof
wlrtm
utan
fTBQTW
Oonatruction Anglo*
Saxon
adverb of manner
dative
adverb of plaoe
dative
negative adverb
adverb of time
adverb of time
dative
accusative
dative
genitive
dative
Correeponding ©onst*
in JLatin
abl* pl^c© in w hi oh
abl* of means
indirect object
abl* of plaoe
gen* vd.tii adj. of feeling
abl* place where
adverb of manner* comparative
dative
abl* specification
abl* place where
dative
indirect object
dative
abl* place
accusative
abl* of manner
dative
adverb of plaoe
adverb of manner
ne
Ponne
©ngean gramum
5a
on flat
in
under eodera
ahum
eoarmaa
since
Bonne
n£fre
on or®
Bonn©
5a
Beowulf®
wel
3wa
imnlXe©
raearum
imdrroiB
nsxfre
as£ter nihte
30
gyt
agliwylouia
mi d Beowulf©
on m e dub©no©
gold©
ger
mane
conjunction 9 time
dative
abl* of a c c o m ■animent
adverb of time
accusative
aoo* end of motion
adverb of place
aoc* end of motion
accusative’
dative
abl* place where
dative
abl* of manner
dative
abl* specification
oonjunction time
adverb of time
dative
abl* place where
oonjunot ion* time
adverb of time
dative
indirect object
■adverb of manner
adverb of manner
adverb of maimer
dative
abl* of price
abl* of price
dative
adverb of time
dative
abl* of manner
.dverb of time used for degree
adverb of degree
dative
indirect object
dative
abl* a o o o m p a n i m n t
dative
abl* place where
dative
abl* means
adverb of time
dative
JQElf
Adverbial Expresslorn Construction AngloSaxon
Corresponding const*
In Latin
conjunction
1O06 nefbe
dative
dative with spec* verb
07 oallum
conjunct! ext* comparison
68 e;ge
adverb of time
68 nu
68 sit
adverb of tine
adverb of cause
09 £orj>an
89 mghmmr
adverb of place
61 long©
adverb of tine
61 •PPST
adverb of place
dative
abl* time when
m
on windagum
adverb used as introductory word
65
65 atgm&ers
^
adverb„ of manner
64 fore hildewisandative
abl* place where
68 oft
adverb of time
66 donna
conjunction* ti
6? after medobenoe dative
abl* plaoe where
(be)
eaferum
abl* place where
68
dative
68 5a
_
conjunction, time
dati*
70 in Fxeemle
abllatlve
70 feallan
infinitiv© used as an adverb
71
71 huru
adverb of degree
72 leof\m
abl, of separation
dative
75 at lindplegan dative
abl* place where
74 o& gsbyrd
accusative
78 gare
dative
abl* of means
76 Hailes
adverb of degree
77 holings
adverb of manner
77 sv&5axi
conjunction time
78 0a
conjunction* time
78 under ewe pie
dative
abl* plaoe where
79 Ipr
conjunction place
79 »r
adverb of time
82 ae wiht
negative adverb
82 on me5olatede dative
abl* place shore
84
84 wfige
abl* of means
dative
85 0sgme
dative
Indirect object
85 him
dative
Indirect object
86 ^iw>
dative
dative of purpose
88 wi5 bea m
accusative
89 at feohgyftum dative
abl* time at which
90 gehwylce
dative
abl* time when
91 hrj^ngum
abl* of means
dative
92
adverb of degree
92
adverb of degree
98 einostreomum
dative
abl* of means
94 on beorsele
abl* place where
dative
90 Da
adverb of time
96 on healfa
accusative
secondary object
96 Hengeate
dative
indirect object
97 &5um
dative
abl* of manner
97 elne
dative
abl* specifleation
98 dome
dative
abl* of cause
99 fS*«
abl* of manner
dative
99 tor
adverb of place
xxv
Adverbial Bxpressiea Construction Anglo-
.
wordum
00 wo room
1100
*
Saxon
dative
dative
Correapongind const*
in .latin
abl* of means
abl* of means
00* ae
01* £urh inwitseare accusative
01* efge
adverb of time
03*
adverb ©f time
04* dcnne
adverb of time
04* spsSee
abl* of means
dative
OS* of horde
abl* of separation
dative
09* on tel
accusative
10* At ado
dative
abl* plans where
13* wundum
dative
abl* cause
13* on male
dative
ablative plaoe where
14* da
adverb of time
14* at ads
dative
abl* plans where
13* sweoloSe
abl* plaoe where
dative
accusative
16* on tel
aoo* end of motion
It* on eaxle
abl* -pines ^ters
dative
la* giddwm
dative
abl* fSyamr.
19* to wolcnum
abl* plaoe where
dative
to* for hlawe
abl* plao© voters
dative
si* tonne
adverb of time
to* da
adverb of time
35* neosian
infinitive of purpose with verb gewiton
to* dreondum
dative
abl* separation
mm
to* geseen
infinitive of purpose with verb gswlton
tt*
adverb of time
at* gyt
adverb of degree
28. winter
accusative
adv. aoo*
28* mid Finns
abl* of accompaniment
dative
30. on mere
aooueative
aoc* extent
31* storms
ab« of means
dative
at* wit winds
abl* of aeoomp.
dative
33* ej> tot
conjunction* time
34* in^eardae
ab* of place
accusative
34* a m
adverb of manner
34*
adverb of time
34* gyt ^
adverb of tjsme
36* svtigale©
adverb of maimer
ii
30* Da
adverb of time
38* of geardum
dative
abl* place where
38* tojprrnwrmos
dative
abl* of manner
39* swlier
adverb degree* comparative
39* ponng
adverb of eemparlson
39* to salad©
dative
abl* of maimsr
41* l»»o
adverb of plao©
4a*
conjunction* cause
42. no
^
42* woroldrSderms genitive
gen* ff* abl* of asp*
sine
conjunction* time
43*
44* on t e a m
accusative
aco. end of motion
43* eft ^
adverb of time
47* at ham
abl* place where
dative
■
jo svl
Adverbial Capras© ion
Construction Anglo*
3axon
Corresponding const#
in Latin
1148*
49.
49.
50*
51.
51*
52.
02*
55*
54#
56.
5?*
56#
50*
50*
62*
62*
62*
conjunction* time
dative
aooueative
abl* time wban
66
Sibdait
mfter sasTSe
eergc
sc
1& hr*]>r*
%
loorum
svrilee
on ©ordre
to ecyjkon
at ham
©& salad*
to bgnua
to leodum
oft
of mmderfatum
m
f©r8
^
uQd©r beage
,l*P
%
gyt
gtgedsre
.
66*
64.
64*
64.
65.
65*
65*
66*
6?*
6?#
68*
68.
71.
78*
78*
73*
73*
74*
74*
74*
78*
77*
78*
70.
79.
82*
82*
82*
64*
85*
86*
86#
as*
as*
©dram
srgylce
m^gum
at galaoum
to Ccaitna
wordum
will deatam
ggefsna
nean
fftorran
»a
fcgndan
porme
£prd
gtreum
er
boas*#
mid sod*
©gfaran
t£ willan
t© wordmyndum
Im
hi b e n o ©
abl# plao* where
dative
adverb of time
abl* of means
dative
adverb of degree
abl* of aeaomp*
dative
dative
abb# place to whidi
abl* plao* to which
dative
abl* plao* in which
dative
dative
abl* plao* to which
abl. plao* to which
dative
adverb of time
abl* separation
dative
adverb of time
adverb of place
dative
abl# place where
conjunction* place
adverb of time
adverb of degree
adverb of manner
dative with adjective
adverb of degree
adverb of place
dative
abl* place in which
dative
dative with sgeotive
adverb of neagtion in the verb
dative
abl# of specifioa tien
adverb of time
dative
indirect object
dative
abl* of manner
conjunction manner
accusative "together with*
(remembering
genitive
genitive with idea of
adverb of place
adverb of place
adverb of time
dative
indirect object
conjunction time
dative
indirect object
conjunction* time
adverb of place
abl* of maimer
dative
adverb of time* comparative
adverb of comparison
dative
abl* of means
dative
indirect object
dative
abl# of means
dative
abl* of means
conjunction* place
dative
abl* place where
Adverbial Expression
Construction AngloSaxon
■
1100
00
01
92
93
04
90
m
m
99
1200
04
04
00
00
07
07
03
09
10
10
U
13
15
17
18
19
19
20
21
21
22
23
23
24
23
20#
27#
23*
23*
29
29
31*
32
32
34
35
35
36
37
38
38
40
40
42
—*
**
pmr
o
gebroerum be
Him
wordum
so turn
on foldan
under swegle
ogj}d&n
to barrjjr
aearonlda®
eidpan
under segno
for wlenco
S2J>da||
t£ Frysu©
be
ofer ful
under rand*
in Jim
tm
sciaod
rf ter gudseeare
fore wereds
mid hml*
fel&
mid crmfte
cxprhtuia
lam
f£or
neah
wl&efsrhd ^
awa aid* aro
ofno
pendcn
£e
suna
dadtun
ler
ojferttm
mode*
m&ndrlhtns
a#
manegum
oybdan
t£ hofe
to mot*
*r
beddum
bolstrua
to hsafdcn
^
xxvii
Corresponding oonet
in Latin
conjunction, plane
adverb of manner
abl# place Acre
dative
indirect object
dative
abl* of manner
dative
dative
abl# of manner
abl* place where
dative
abl* place where
dative
conjunction* time
dative
abl* place to which
direct obj#
aooueative
conjunction* time
abl# ©f manner
dative
abl# of oause
dative
conjunction
abl# of source
dative
adverb of time
aooueative
abl# place '.hero
dative
end of motion
aooueative
adverb of time
adverb of degree
abl* place where
dative
abl# place
dative
dative
abl* of manner
adverb of manner
abl# of maimer
dative
dative
a dative w# elective
gen* of specification
genitive
adv* of place
adv# of place
adverb of time
adverbs of comparia on mad place
adverb of degree
conjunction time
indirect object
dative
dat* of reference
dative
abl# of specification
adv* of place
dative
dat* w* adjective
genitive
gen# of specification
dative
dat* of reference
conjunction manner
adverb of place
adverb ©f time
conjunction* comparison
dative
indirect object
eonjnnct ion* time
dative
abl# place to which
dative
abl* w# place to which
adverb time
adverb of time
abl# of means
dative
abl* of means
dative
abl*
place where
dative
xxviil
eoaet*
Construction Anglo
Saxon
43#
44*
47#
47*
40*
en benoe
efer
eft 4
an w
at ham
49*
49* «D%#
b x , j>a
8X* tg, aXape
ex* garo
SB# Oft
53*
S4*#
55# after synnum
06* m i
06* M
00* gyt
^
67* eefjjer l&pua
07* f>MgS ^
00* after gudoear©
01* ©ibdua
64
64
m o t on
69
67* at Heorote
60* wljgeo
69* par
70* Im&pv®
71* M u
7B* to.Jilw©
73* frofre
73* f&ltujs
74*
70#
70
76
70
79
79
80
wmoan
to Heorota
tor
geond said
80* tor
adverb of plaoe
dative
dative
adv* of time
accusative
dative
dative
dative
genitive
adverb of degree
adverb of time
abl* plaoe where
aoo.
abl*
abl*
abl*
end of motion
plaoe wlmre
plaee where
place wlm m
abl* place where
adv* of manner
obj* genitive
genitive
conjunction* manner
dative of reference
dative
adverb of time
eon4unc tion* time
conjunction* time
.« of cause
dative
dat* of referenee
dative
adv* of time
addv* of degree
abl* of cause
dative
ace* extent of time
aooueative
abl* time when
dative
conjunction time
abl* of specification
dative
infinitive of purpose with verb gswnt
aoc* extent
accusative
adverb of plaoe
dative
abl# place where
gen* with verb bidan
genitive
conjunction*
adv* of degree
dative
indirect object
accusative
accusative
Instnseental
abl* of cause
adv* of time
dative
abl* of separation
infinitive of purpose with verb gewnt
adverb of time
adverb of degree
infinitive of purpoae with verb geggaa
abl* place where
oonjunction* place
accusative
adv* of time
introductory word
aoo* extent
Adverbial Bxpression
Construction Anglo-*
Saxon
1280
01
01
81*
83
83
83
04
m
85
86
86
8?
adverb of time
dative
conjunction time
adverb of plao#
adverb of degree
adverb of degree
adv* of comparison
dative
conjunctions time
dative
dative
dative
dative
dative
dative
dative
aoim
©orluffi
alpd&n
inn©
mim
SWA
bewiirpned men
pmrnm
Corresponding const
in hat in
dative of referenda
abl* of agent
Isamere
abl* of m m « f
abl* specification
ewate
ofor h a l m
abl* place where
eogurn
abl* plaoe, epee*
88 on healle
abl* place
09 ofer setlum
abl* place where
90
abl* place in which
90 a®
98 w|
adverb of plaoe
93
conjunction, time
94 hx*6a
adverb of manner
98
adverb of manner
93
conjunction, time
96 tojfegpe
abl* place where
dative
06 Hrof>gare
dative
97 be asm
abl* place where
dative
98 on res to
dative
99 H&a
negative adverb in the verb
fJSsr*
99
adverb of plaoe
1300 »r
_
adverb of time
01 a£ter
jpdumgife dative
abl* time when
01 Saate
dative
Indirect ©fejeob
02 in xiaorote
abl* plaee in which
dative
08 under heolfre
dative
abl* place in which
04 in Wioun
abl* plaee in which
dative
04 ne
98 on he&lfa
accusative
06 feprum
abl* price
dative
00 $a
adverb of time
conjunction, time
05 cySban
10
adverb of m&nxier
10 to bur^
abl* place where
dative
dative
abi * time when
11 earned ardage
13 mid geeltaa
abl* acooiapariimcnt
dative
13 |5*
conjunction, plaoe
14 frraber
conjunction, cause
indirect obj eat
14 &im
dative
14 «fre
_
adverb of time
15 after weaspelle dative
abl* time when
16 da
adverb of time
16 after flora
abl* place where
dative
17 mid handso&le
abl* accompaniment
dative
18
oonjunction* cause
\dYorbial Bbq?renal®n
Oonatraotton Anglo-
Corresponding const*
in Latin '
Lain
dative
dative
dative
aHl,
dative posce^aion
words®
hia
after neodladum
20
32 n*
23 ■after effv**
22 liodms
26 donna
27 |?ormQ
29 awylo
30 on Me©rote
51* a©
31 jgsmder
22 age 22 &a
24 »gy®t3fmi niht
36 purh had
30 elasBMBB
m
to
m
37 mt wJge
30
30 nu
39 wrecan
40 feor
41 'pmn
41
42 after sincgyfaxx
42 on sefan
43 tm
00 bee
02 on m t u a
63 pormg
34 on geardegisi
36 no
36 hveher
06 film
06 air
07 land
69 0«r
00 under genipu
00 xxlher
01 under foldan
01 nie
01 fee*
61 hoon&n
sSdgeiaearce©
m
63 ©far p m
04
60
65 nihta
66 a§ fled©
66 n©
66# bee
dative
dative
conjunction, time
conjunction, tiiee
conjunction, w m @ r
dative
dat, w* adjective
dative purpose
dat, reference
a m * place in which
tivtlk plao*
a m , separation
datiro
adv* of tin*
adv, ace,
M e m U n
aocusatiTe
& m # manner
da tiro
a m * aseans
adv. of tint
adrovb of deefee
abl* place, manner
dative
genitive
* n t u n «« M j ,
adverb of tine
infinitive with verb wold©
adverb of degree
genitive pronoun used a© conjunction cause
dative
dat* of the agent
dative
abl of cause
dative
abl* plaoe in whiah
adverb of tine
genitive pronoun w e d as adverb of degree
dative
abl* of maimer
adv* of comparison
dative
abl* tine when
negative adverb
conjunction, condition
indirect object
dative
adverb of t m e
accusative
direct object
conjunction, plane
ace*
adverb ©f plane
aooueative
negative adverb in the vcth
adverb of plane
adverb of plaee
gen* of .measure
genitive
abl* place shere .
dative
dative
abl* place In which
adverb of place
genitive
adv* genitive
dative
a m * place ishore
genitive
gen* ©f specification
H
0
o
g«
®4»
? I?
0
oB
!5
•B
««4
33
4
4?
§**
I
«8!s
0 *4%4*|
&
J O O 4*
S
°118
3
*
H
Eooti
*ioqC
*2 tf I 0
«
m
•H
4°
*S
8 ?
42
3 8
B
* s
2
►
44
*»
4
©
I
§
2
Pi
Pi
<P>
0
I
*4444 §
0
fr4*4>4»4*
4444443432822 §4§44443f4
is
32
4%O4S04
+>«
*9
O
^ 0
%4%4 #»
0 0*4
4»
mffii
s
O 4» 4* eS ft
go 0
*4
; *
*»B 8
p §
U&
O-H
4> *4
4» 4* 0
0
•9
f ss 0
m
§
I
4?
£
•
S3« o
I *
8
€ 3
4*«rf
# 4# 44 44 44 3
**
4 °
f
i
f^<*4
44 © *4*4 # «
*
4
§
*4
©
0
£
I
i
i
I
.3?
si assals'si,slsSsi?5s,l lsl?li8asst&sS
M
UH
B B B B|
0 0 0 0
39«*s!s!3???»S?|:!:El:;:388s!3:388338m?S!3S38S23SS$S&Sm
Adverbial Expression
Construction Anglo*
Saxon
xxxil
Corresponding const
in latin
abl* place where
1403„ after waldswa&um da tire
adverb of plaoe
03* wTde
accusative
04* ofer grundas
extent
accusative
*05*efer n»r
abl* accompaniment
07* mid HroSgare
datire
adverb of time
OS* Pa
adverb of plaoe
10* be£oran
infinitive of purpose with verb gengde
soeawian
conjttnotien, time
14 Op l»t _
secondary object
aoousative
15 ofdr atan
14 faringa
adverb of time
17 under
adverb of plaoe
17 Denura
dative
dative of reference
18 winum
dative of reference
dative
16 on mode
abl* specification
dative
19 degne
dative
dative of reference
20 gehwan
dative
dative of reference
HO oydfan
conjunction time
HI onJbeXmclife
dative
abl* place where
51 ode
dative
abl* of manner
23 heoIfre
ablative of manner
dative
24 atundum
abl* time when
dative
23 5a
adverb of time
27 on neeshlcoSura
a dative
abl* place where
26 5a
conjunction* manner
28 on undormsel
accusative
acc# duration time
_
28 oft
adverb of time
29 on seglrade
dative
abl* place where
30 on weg.
accusative used as adverb of place
33 f flanbogan
abl* of means
dative
33
ores
genitive
genitive of separation
34 yogewinnes
genitive
genitive separation
34 on aldre
dative
abl* of place
38 on holm
dative
abl*place where
36 sundee
genitive
gen* specification
37 Mrmbe
adverb of manner
37 on y5ust
dative
37 mid eoferspreotum dative
abl* of accompaniment
38 heorohooyhtum
dative
abl* of accompaniment
36 heard®
nner
adverb of
39 nifla
instrumental
abl* specification
39 on sms ^
accusative
acc* end of motion
42 eorlgewmdum
abl* of manner
dative
42 nalles
adverb of negation
42 for ©aldre
dative
dative with verb
43 hondum
abl* means
dative
dative
46 hrepr©
abl* place In which
46 ne
47 aldre
dative
abl* plaoe in which
80 since ^
abl* specification
dative
31 freawrasnusa
dative
abl* specification
51 swa
eenjuno ti on.manne r
51 fymdagum
dative
abl* time when
51 wundum
dative
ablative manner
53 swlnlTeuis
dative
abl* of specification
XXX,ill
Adverbial Kxpression
1455,
54#
55#
55#
55#
55#
56#
55#
50#
60#
60*
01*
65#
65*
65#
66*
66#
67*
67*
65*
65#
69*
70.
no
ne •• ne
ey8£an
>onne
Mm
m *•#,**•
atsrtaa^ft
hss&sswats
amfre
»t hilde
mid smmdum
up
Mura
no
eofopes
wfne
|m
eweordfrecsn
no
u^der gewin
f«r
71* ns^
71* ewe
71* oftrum
7a* eyBp&n
73* to gu3s
73* to gade
74* »!
75* nu
75*
76.
77*
75.
75.
silos
390
mt $earfe
aidr©
9
S3.
S3. MlgalSJoo
54* on golds
54# bonne
65# I>onne
66* gumoyotua
©7* bonn©
90. rajd Mnmtfmge
90* me
m * after wordum
93# mid cine
93* malas
93. andeware
95*
cos
95*
96*
97* «E
sons
^
95* hand mieseere
99* |>5r
1300. ufan
sr
Construction Aaglt*
Saxon
negative adverb
correlative m p t i f d i
adverb of time
ntptlis In the f©it
adverb of time
dative
dative
dative
dative
adverb of time
dative
dative
negative in the tort
adverb of tins
Corresponding Const,
in latln
genitive
adverb of tins
dative
conjunction* tins
datiro
genitive w* adjective
accusative
adverb of plane
adverb of aamitr
da tIt s
conjunction tins
conjunction# time
dative
adverb of tins
adverb of tins
genitive
adverb of tins
dative
datlTS
adverb of tins
datiTS
datlTS
datlTS
adverb of t l M
conjunct ion time
datlTS
conjunction^ time
datlTS
datlTS
datlTS
datlTs
negative adverb
genitive
genitive of measure
adverb of time
conjunction# time
adverb of tims
genitive of measure
adverb of place
adverb of place
indirect object
abl# tims when
abl# specification
abl# moans
abl* time when
abl# moans
abl* specification
indirect object
extent of space
dative of reference
dative of purpose
genitive w* adjective
abl# place in which
abl# of separation
indirect object
indirect object
abl# of moans
abl# place There
abl* accompaniment
dative of reference
abl* of time
abl# of manner
genitive with verb wait
Adverbial Hasp*®ssiea
3.501 &»
03 ClOinmUSI
01 iggbanss
03 »a
03 W
03 &*
03 utan
04 no
05 fin&Tim
06
BM
to. hote
OS
OS St
OS no
10 on su#de
11 hildetuxuia
It :M
13 % @7is«ii
14 pmr
14 no •« wliit#
15 no **• ne
17 bjiorLte
IS J»a
15 for hrefssis
30 bildebille
20 no
21 on h&fslaxi
22 -5a
23 nolde
2 6 fgi bearfe
26 mr
26# o£*
m
5a
dM#'
28
29
29
29
Oft
n&Lne
©1*10©
srartla
50
31 1ST
51 iTBarfetiai
32 on ©orlian
53. strong®
34 tmmdgripe
34
Si i>onn£
36 «a «u6o
36
36# ymb iTf
37
37
m
m
m
39
40
IS eanle
for fSfede
5
on flat
Construction Angle*
Corresponding comet#
in Latin
Saxon
adverb of time
ail*
da tiro
adverb of maimer
negative adverb
instrumental pronow used as adverb of degree
adverb of time* comparative
adverb of plaoe
dative
adverb of time
conjunction# time
dative
eonjunction, purpose
abl* of moans
abl# plaoe where
abl# of plaoe
dative
abl# of means
dative
adverb of time
abl* plaoe in whioh
dative
conjunction# plaoe
negative adverb of degree
adverb of mamer
adverb of time
dative
dative
abl* of cause
abl* cause
abl# place.where
dative
adverb of time
negative adverb in the verb
abl# time
dative
conjunction* time
adverb of time
adverb of time
dative w# verbs
dative
adverb of time
adverb oo degree
genitive
gen* with qtuar&t|r
genitive
genitive remembering
adverb of time
abl# of specification
dative
dative
abl* place where
dative #ith trusting
dative
dative with 'trusting
dative
adverb of manner
oonjunction* time
dative
abl# time when
negative adverb
accusative
adverb of time
abl# place
dative
negative adverb
dative
dative of reference
adverb of time
conjunction time* cause
accusative
ace* end ©fraction
3CKJCV
Adverbial B^resaiei*
Construction AngleSaxon
Oo rresponding ©east
in Latin
1541*
dativo
adverb of tin©
indirect object
4 U 9ft
41 bra^e
42 gjpepusi
43 i»
44
44
45
47
30
51
•32
53
54*
54
56
37
33
60
61
63
m
66
66
m
m
70
71
71
71
72
73
74
73
75
76
76
70
77
70
79
79
79
00
ax
S3
04
S3
57
87
55
pat
fylle
on eaxle
5s
finder grand
Mi
on ryhb
iri»%s
ySeliae
e£t
5a
ecgum
%n»e
_
to beadulace
aldrea
arrriniga
wi3 hal««
heard
on flat
weiiree
inn©
efne
of hefene
hadre
m£ter recede
£
hi1turn
3© w e a U ©
hil&arimi©
111656
to WeetSBeixeAi
Gren&l©
©fter
Isom©
on 416
ml c l©
J>eisn©
on oweofote
ub
baa
0
T 2£*V
te,J>ss*
£wa
mv
S tHeoret©
as
ii
09 ey&6aa _
09 after dead©
adterti manner
dative
abl* of mean*
adverb of time
conjunction manner
abl* of manner
dative
adverb of time
abl* place where
dative
adverb of time
aeo# extent of ©pace
accusative
indirect object
dative
accusative
adv* aoeoeatlv*
conjunction# time
advert of manner
advert of time
adverb of time
abl* of plaoe
dative
adverb of comparison
abl* place where
dative
gen* with hoping
genitive
adverb of manner
abl* plaoe where
dative
adv* of m u m © * (adj. really)
accusative
aco* end of motion
abl* of cause
dative
adverb of plaoe
adverb of degree
dative
abl* place where
adverb of manner
abl* plaoe where
dative
adverb of time
abl* of mariner
dative
abl* place where
dative
adverb in the verb
dative w* adjective
dative
adverb of manner
abl* place where
dative
dative
indirect object
adverb of time* oompaarativ©
oomx>arl son
adverb of degree
conjunction* time
da ive
adverb of place
genitive
conjunction* manner
conjunction* manner
adverb of time
dative
adverb of manner
4onjunction, time
dat
atlve
abl* of m i s e r
abl* place where
abl* time ^hea
xacri
AdrerHal Kxpreeeiea
Construction Aacle~
Saxon
Corrospondijog ©onet
in X»atio
adverb of time
18901 Jig
91# sons ^ ^
adverb of tisae
abl* of accrapaniment
dAtlTO
9a# mid Hrefigare
9a* on holm
accusative
ace* «Kie»t
abl* epecifieatiei*
dative
94* biedeu
accueatlve
95* yrnb godn®
adverb of m n n « r
95# onge&def
96# sedeltnges
genitive
96; 0ft
adverb of time
96* u&
infinitive of purpose with verb owrae after it
9V* oGLOean
90* J& bf0|
ccmj unction,
dative of reference
dative
93»bior1|£6
adverb of timm
1606. 33a
01* lira
ace# used a@ an adverb
aceueative
03* MOdCS
genitive
genitive specifiesiien
accusative
04* ©n mere
aco# extent
06, m
adverb of time
06* Jsa
abl* cause
06* after heaSoewatedntlve
hildejiceluBi
abl# imnner
dative
OS* Iso geXiooct
abl# n m n e r
dative
conjunction* lira
69* S e a m
12* in WTora
abl* plaoe where
dative
12* HA
15. bar
adverb of place
14* 0 6 ®t0 6
adverb of m i m t f
15* since
abl* specifies tiea
dative
adverb ef time
19#
adverb of degree
10* % J>a0
adverb
of p l o w
if * bflF ******
16* eotsa
adverb of time
10# jp aunde
abl.plane where
dative
adverb of tin®
IS* ar
dative
18. at 60660
abl * place in which
19* %
adverb of place
conjunction, time
II* M
25* |*
adverb of time
25* M Xande
dative
abl* place where
25*' ewlaoe
abl# cause
dative
as* him mid
abl.aceo^animont
dative
adverb of time
94* J*
26* him tegeanee
abl* place where
dative
26. 6 0 6 0
indirect object
dative
29* 66061190
genitive
geni tive w* verb of fe& 1*6
genitive pronoun used m conjunction,
20* fra
29* 0 6
_
adverb of time
29* of hronan
dative
abl* separation
50* loBgii
adverb of manner
51# under wolenua
dative
abl* place where
socerll
A.dvex.lal Sxpreseion
Gonsfcruotion Anglo*
Samoa
Corresponding const
In latln
1331, vmldrsere
dative
adverb of plaoe
adverb of time
datiro
dative
dative
adverb of manner
dative
dative
dative
dative
Qanjunction. time
adverb of manor
dative
adverb of imrmer
dative
adverb of time
adverb of plaoe
abl* of $p©oi floation
33* for®
32, toiieti
32, fojjelastm
33, fsrhj>um
33* from holmallfe
33. gprfedlfis
3fl, ©ghwsrprtmi
38* on wmlstenge
38# veorouei
39# to goldoole
40, op fttt
40, s§mnlng*
40, to sole
43* mid
43, of| gamong©
44, to
44, in
44, ia^
48, gjgetan
47# to
47, 'bo fearns
47,
©g
flet
40#
49* for earlum
49*
09#
03*
04*.
54*
55*
55*
55*
57*
57*
59*
59*
46000
on
IvptUM
hgr
to ^
unoofto
irlggi
under imiere
earfoHXieo
aetrihto
10
at hi M o
59# m&ti, Krunting
61.
60* qu wag©
53* oftoat
64* %
65* Sa
63* at oaooo
65* *FAMR*
55.
66*
67*
h&imn
68* ^
SBT" *
69* feonduja
70*
abl* plaoe where
abl.pl&o© where
abl* plaoe where
abl*
abl*
abl*
abl*
plaoe where
manner
manor
of plaoe
abl*ptoee where
abl# plaoe or time
abl* apeoifioatien
dative
adverb of plaoe
infinitive of purpose wi th verb ©worn
adverb of time
afc* mean*
dative
aco# end of motion
aoousative
©onjunolion* p3
dative w* adj* feeling
dative
dat* with adj. of feel*
dative
adverb of plane
abl* manner
dative
adverb of plaoe
adverb of plaoe
adverb of manner
abl* plaoe where
dative
dative
abl* plaoe where
adverb of manner
adverb of degree
dative
abl* plaoe where
dative
abl. accompaniment
cative
indiroot ©bjeet
dative abl* plaoe where
adverb of time*euperlative
instrumental pronoun m o d as oonj unction cause
adverb of time
abl* time
dative
conjunction time
dative
dat* w* verb favor
adverb of time
conjunction* time
adverb of plaoe
abl* separation
dative
eonjunctian»mamner
J?
ft
f*4
4*
Jf
g
%
*
m s
§«»
a
2*5?!<*
0SOO
#0 ©
*
*
g
g
3111
0 «t **f4
? 9
§ Pirtft
♦*# *•••#
ti^OOrl C9t4HH
gfiOOP
ftft 0 <9 0
H - 4»'
; !i
o a
i
4%.
fto
3;
I 44
85S« |I3
it
i !*• &
ill
°ls
&
5
m4»
gg*
2
I
|
e0
lid
I 3
3
8
ft
%4
U*4 9
0
°°g
« *ft
SS3
<8 0 *
4»
s
0 0
£
f
i
I
?
M
o o oo
0
9
►
09
*>>
I*
f*
43
vi
ft ft
1
1
11
43
4» 4*
gggg
•*4ft ft ft
43434343
1111
• *♦
3
3
3
333
1
3
11
3
i
8
§
*
&
ftft
g
g*8w%.
*
f
**
viOAOO A &
8
S9P# 0 0 0 0 9
illicit
i
t
*
g
t
g
g
g
f
ftft**
S
j
3
«
*
m
1
%
*
*
*
ft ©ftft ftftftft**5^8^ **t
•ft0 @ ft*H IS 3 ft
p>4» ► > 0 0 H 0 0 4 » ?
43'►+> 43
S £ 043 *a<0 *►fet£■£ O
0*^111 o 0 J
S&S4441$443 H i d l l d l l S i i l i l «
1
1fill
II
lilS
1600
P»
ft
43 0
^ ft
4*
43 43
ft A 0
I
n * H 0 ft ft ft 0 0 ft *H "
*P fc J*
S? £
4 i'S,S
0 ft 9 ©ft 9 • ftflft
0 ft
► 4»
4»4* -P4*
3
I
^
lils
*4 A 0 0
*
0 A
m
0 .
« 9M 9
0 9 0 t$
«$0 9 Ol© A
J34>4*45rt
0
3
2*
§
»
2*
£
?
£
®
£
£
ii£
i i Ii i Hi i i i i i i i i i iii£e* 3i i §
Ii £i £g
i £3i 3£££
£i ££
0
H
H
Adverbial Bxpreee ion
17X7*
18,
30*
19*
30*
331
35*
24*
2b*
25*
26#
28*
28*
30*
31*
30*
33#
33*
33*
34*
34*
35*
35*
35*
35*
36*
56*
37*
37*
38*
39*
39#
40*
40*
41*
42*
43*
43.
43*
44#
44*
45*
45*
45*
46*
47*
48*
48*
48*
49*
51*
49#
51*
33*
©for men
on ferhj»e
Denum
©fisr does
be M s
be |>e
wintrum
hu
cynne
jpurhsTdne
helium
on lufan
on e|»le
to heaXdaxmc
him
him
fceet
n©
unsnyttrum
ends
on wists
no witt
on wists
n& wiht ^
ne #** ne
him
jgc@£fan
©hwser
him
on Lilian
ne
o5 j*»t
on innan
bonne
to
blaaua
swToe
xieah _
of fl&nbegan
fyrcnura
Xionnc
on hrcbre
under helm
atnele
tsrundorbebo dum
Mm
to
l&nge
imlas
imm
on 6?X*
er
on endeetef
Construction AngloSaxon
accusative
dative
dative
negative adverb
dative
dative
dative
adverb of manner
dative
accusative
dative
dative
dative
gerund of purpose with
dative
.dative
conjunction manner
sgkxJljk
Corrao ponding const*
in x*altn
ablative
abl* place In vhioh
indirect object
abl, of mrnier
ablative of cause
dative of purpose
abl# epecifleatien
indirect object
source
abl# time when
abl* place where
abl# place here
verb sole6
indirect object
dative w, adjective
abl#of cause
dative
abl# of manner
dative
ablative of maimer
dative
negative adverb
abl* of manner
dative
negative adverb
negative adverb In the
dative
ethical dative
abl# of place
dative
adverb of place
dative reference
dative
abl# of nmnaer
dative
conjunction time
adverb of place
conjunction# time
adverb of degree
dative
abl* of m a n e
adverb of degree
adverb of place
abl* of separation
dative
abl# of manner
dative
adverb of time
dative
abl#plaoe in which
accusative
abl*ef means
dative
abl# aGcompaniKient
dative
dative of reference
dative
adverb of degree
adverb of time
negative adverb
genitive pronoun used as a conjunction cause
accusative
adverbial ace*
adverb of time
accusative
xl
Corresponding const
in ha tin
Adverbial SqprsesiM
Construction Anglo*
X7S3
50
0?
0?
#D
60
ex
m
advert of time
advert (noun might to ejected)
genitive
objective genitive
62
62
63
67
69
69
70
70
7X
71
72
72
73
73
74
74
70
75
77
78
79
80
81
61
©2
82
83
84
S3
85
86
87
87
87
87
88
89
90
92
93
94
95
96
97
97
s£t
to
no
n®
^
oferhy&a
Mu
hwTle
genitive
objective genitive
advert of time
aao» extent
accusative
adverb of time
sona
advert of time
e&fo&es
genitive
genitive serration
oegminga
adverb of manner
adverb of maimer
Swa
'^
hund mXmmSm.
accusative
aeo extent of time
under wolonum
abl place where
dative
wigge
abl of means
dative
man1gum
abl accompaniment
dative
ace extent of space
geond srd&dangoard accusative
sacuxa
abl of means
dative
ecgum
abl of means
dative
underbogong
accusative
see extent?
fie
abl place where
dative
on ej»le
abl place share
dative
af ter gomene
dative
abl price
conjunction, time
sgobftasi
eacne
genitive dative
abl of cause
Hotode
abl of cause
dativd
on aldre
abl of place# time
dative
on h&fclen
accusative
aco dir• obj*
ofer gewin
accusative
aoo extent of time
e a g uza
dative
abl of manner'
adverb of time
m
to soils
abl* place where
dative
unc
dative
indirect object
e£|>3an
conjunction time
s£im^
adverb of time
to^neoaan
infinitive of purpose with virb geozm
oonjunc tion#manner
ha
adverb of time
eft
adverb of time
swa
adverb of manner
Sr
adverb of time
fleisittendua
dative
dative purpose
stefne
dative
abl* time when
abl* place where
ofer dryhtgumtqt dative
ujptgematas
^adverb of manner
wel
adverb of maimer
adverb of time
com
sides
gen. specification
genitive
ford
adverb of place
for andrysnum
dative instr#
abl* of cause
series
conjunction manner
dogor®
dative instrumental
ablative of time
Adverbial Express Ion
1800
Irma
01 ©b b»t
02 9a
03 ©Car scs&dwa
04 aft
04 to leodua
05 to farorm©
05 fcor
05 Jgncn
07
09 Q ®
09 lean©®
11 nales
11 wordum
13
13 se&rwum
14 Dontaa
15 t© yppan
IS hmT
feorran
19 ^
«©*>
to fc£r
to ®ec&n
20 tola
21 willum
21 Wei
22 bonne
m
on ecrlem
m
©wiht©
m
8T&
24 ft£rat©
m
gudgeweorea
25 sona
25 efer begang
rTluin
28
29
30 to help#
30 ©n higelaee
33 word urn
33 w g o r e u®
33
53
34 M
«
34 t£ geocc
35
33
36 |>£.nn«
36 to
CN** hofurn
37 igr
39 e£lran
39
40 him
41
41 ba
42 ©n oefan
42
If
Construction Angle*
Saxon
Xli
a©r responding
la Latin
adverb of place
conjunction# time
conjunction* tiai
accusative
adverb of plan#
Oativ©
abl# pjyaoo where
gerund of purpose with & dj* fuaei ablX.apeo*
adverb of degree
adverb of plaoe
adverb of tine
indirect object
dative
gen* with vb# banking
genitive
negative adverb
abl# manner
dative
conjunction* tine
abl# specification
dative
abl# agent
dative
abl# plaoe where
dative
conjunction, plaoe
adverb of plaoe
adverb of place
infinitive of purpce® with verb fundlab
adverb of degree
abl# specification
dative
adverb of maimer
adverb of tine
abl#.plaoe whore
dative
abl# manner
dative
adverb of tins©
adverb of comparison
gen# with adj# read!non
genitive
adverb of time
accusative
aoc# extent
abl# of time
dative
indirect object
dative
dative
reference
dative
dative
abl# of
dative
abl# of means
dative
dative
indirect object
adverb of degree
dative
indirect- object
dative purpose
dative
conjunction place
ethical dative
adverb of time
dative
abl# place where
adverb of place
adverb of maimer# comparison
dative
abl# of agent
datiw?
inireot object
dative
indirect object
adverb of time
accusative
&e©» end of mo tied
All
Gorreeponaing oonst
to l&tto
Adverbial Expression
ConstructUa AngloSflUCOH
1842* •notorlToor
45* onjf©OJ>«
43# 8V&
44# ©egenee
44* on node
50* nmbbea^
@1* to geeeoeenne
33* me
adverb of manner, comparative
dative
ablative, time when
adverb of donna
genitive
genitive* specification
dative
abl# specification
negative adverb in the verb
gerund with adjective oelran* abl* epee#
dative
dative after verb
adverb of time# comparative
adverb of degree
adverb of degree
dative of reference
a dative
dative reference
dative
dative
dative of reference
abl* accompaniment
dative
aoeu satire
aco# extent
accusative
ace* extent
adverb of time
accusative
accusative
adverb of manner
adverb of manner
accusative
abl# manner
adverb of time
adverb of degree
indirect object
dative
adverb plaoe
dative
abl* aco ompaniment
adverb of manner
adverb of plaoe
adverb of time
dative
abl# specification
dative
abl# plaoe where
dative
abl. separation
adverb Of time
negative adverb
abl, specification
dative
pronoun used
adverb of degree
dative
dative w» adjective
34*
54* ®3F
54* wel
65#
foleum
Xeodum
Oar-Donum
godum
ofer
ofer heafu
pa
^
wil f«08l
w!5 feond
f®sto
until®
W|satt
63*
65*
66*
66*
63*
69*
&
014
him
ixuie ^
mij| laoum
snude
55*
33*
36*
61#
61#
63*
63#
64*
64*
64*
65#
69*
70*
r*
■nu
72*
73*
73*
76*
76#
74*
77*
76#
76*
79*
80#
BO,
83*
83*
84#
84*
83*
86*
66*
07*
67*
66#
63*
P*
e^elum
3® hoalee
him
seoddan
(no)
0 0 ,me3»le
to pen
him
no
on hre&ee
hygebendtBB
of toy non
wil biede
|>anan
since
0 0 anore
B&
on gttiip
oft
oghwme
o|> pmt
wynnum
Jft **
to flede
dative
dative
dative
dative
adverb of plane
dative
dative
adverb of time
dative
adverb of time
instrumental
conjunction, time
dative
adverb of time
adverb ef time
abl# plane where
abl# plaoe in which
abl# place in which
dative of reference
abl# place where
abl# specif lea tion
abl* place where
abl*place where
abl# specification
abl# separation
S
m
f.'W M « {0 {O f.3 fn )H H H H H H H H F H H H H O C O O O O O O O O O O p O C O O O O < £ )ti)< C « « i)O U J « ^ ® 8
pp
p P p ? 2 * jr'****§*??* J®J3!3#*f*f1***"#*
Rff
© n®*©
__ *%©HH
«*•© © **<3K©
N H ©x# N
«
H
#
? P P r ?<? Pi3? ????' p * 3**P
3*
H*
°M
« R0 r A i
a tf-pisy
£
!
**
*Ji3
3 a?B&?3*?r*Hl*3«tc*?c»&l*&S*»9ci>«*&ct*39l
«♦
sa0©*
<4^*
*cW*f**j-&
H»© l~* © C l f» £ ® H> ** © © } * # H» H*
H* ** ►* H © ►*****>*© ® <U
H* H* ©
# # 0,©»O»®
m * g f m * 3 § s i 9 $ m * » * & * * 3 * * 3 3 *
3«*
o o o © © «*
©
^H
H
1H©
«*
•d*5?
&HJ S
«* 1
|Mb
H H H 4H
.
i
ill i!
e
*2
j#
t
t
u
m
u
i
t
s
t
0
*■%
«rr
I
©
C.5 ; » K
p
hh
mh
W ►*»© ©f
t^ir *>$**£
!
i
t» »* © © ® 9» $>
* **
0*3 © ©•&©* ©*
HftHHHHI*'
• K* # * « *
n
m #*d o © © «o *0*J*©
?s
r3
Cf©
t*<©
81
m
I S
#
Canatruotion AngloSaxon
adverb of degree
icae* SwTde
30 under burhloo&n dative
29
negative adverb In th©
adverb of cause
30 *S*
negative conjunction
30 J4
adverb
of degree
to
30
genitive
gifa
30
dative
30 looduffi _
majaagestreona
31
genitive
33 hire
dative
35 &n dmges
genitive
35 dagim
dative
33 h inf
dative
adverb of manner
3?
BCOpOan
adverb of time
30 after muad&ripe dative
conjunction* manner
39 bat
40 mm
dative
41 Idese
‘tor ligotorae d&tiVesm
43 wjttmi
44 HurU
adverb of cause
conjunction* time
47 sydSan
48 cempan
dative
49 mdelum
dative
conjunction, time
49 •eyftftaa ^
30 ofor fled
accusative
30 be loro
ablative of oauee
51 slide
dative
eenJuisot4ent plaoe
31 3®r
51 sy35an
adverb of time
51 well
^
adverb of manner
$2 In gumstoie
dative
52
dative
56
dative
50 geofum
dative
53 § ua
dative
39
adverb
of manner
*—
59
dative
dOBIO
60
adverb* plaoe
ponon
m
geni tive
63 ntoa
adverb of time
63 do
dative
64 mid hondooolo
dative
66 «£ter ean&e
adverb of plaoe
67 su&aa
instrumental
66 elae
dative
60 burgttm in
adv* of place
70 Inno _
dative
71 Hi^olaoo
adverb of manner
72 onudc
adverb of plaoe
•«—*—
72 unr
accusative
74 on worjUg
genitive
74 he&dolaoee
dative
to hof e
Adverbial l^fisaion
8*;-
xliv
Torresponding oonat
in latin
abl* plaoe tdierc
verb
gen* specifioatlon
dative referenee
gen* specification
abl* plaoe where
adv* genitive
abl* of manner
dative purpose
abl* time when
dative referenee
abl*ef oauee
indirect object
indirect object
aoc* extent
abl* plaoe where
abl*
abl*
abl*
abl *
abl*
plaoe where
of means
place whore
means
means
abl* manner
gen* with adj* quality
abl* accoaspaniment
abl* place where
abl* manner
abl* place where
indirect object
abl* place where
adv
Corresponding comet
Adverbial ifixpreseton Construction AngloIn Latin
Saxon
adverb of mnner
1978. n m8e
conjunction manner
78. 'eg*
dative reference
dative
?«• fedegestum
77. -J*
abl. separation
dative
77. emeee
abl* accompaniment
78. Wti
dative
conjunction, M m
78* ay 6San
abl* manner
79 J>urh hliodorcwyde - instrumental
abl* manner
dative
80 wordum
abl# & qq ompariliaeni
dative
80 Meo&useoncuia
acc. emtent
81 gecmd heal raced accusative
abl .place where
83 h&ledua
dative
abl. place where
to handa
dative
m
abl# place where
84 in sele
dative
88 fjgjgre
adverb of manner
adverb of manner
87
abl. place where
on lad*
87 **
dative
conjunction* time
88
*
f seringa
SB ^
adverb of manner
83 feorr
adverb of place
ace* extent
89 o£er eater
accusative
dative
90 to^iiejnpote
abl# place where
90 Hjro5 gare
of purpose
dative
92 deodne
dative
dative purpose
m
genitive pronoun uaed m adverb purpose
m
modceare
dative
abl. cause
93 eorhwylmtim
abl.manner
dative
93 no
94 lang®
adverb of time
98 wihte its
negative adverb of degree
97 Soda
dative
indirect object
conjunction cause
98 JMB8 do
8001 monegum
dative
abl* reference
03 e & v/ange
dative
abl. place where
03 Jssr
conjunction, place
04 Sige-Scyldlngum dative
indirect object
05 to aldre
dative used m adverb of time
07 afar ©ordan
accusative
aco. extent
07 t&t-hlem
accusative
abl. cause
08 Ijpest
adverb of time* superlative
09 facn<
r&cae
dative
abl. means
09 5®r
adverb of place
09 fgrdum
adverb of tims
tojhrlmgsele
10
dative
abl. place where
10 netam
infinitive of purpose with verb ©worn
11 sona
adverb of time
11 me
dative
dative purpose
18 eyGdan
conjunction time
13 wit sonu
accusative
ace* with adverb near
14 ne
14 widan feorh
accusative used as adverb of time
14 me
xlfi
Corresponding oeitab
In hatia
widan feorh
accusative used as adverb of time
under hwealf
accusative
aoo* extent
hwflum
dative ueed aa adverb of time
adverb of time
conjunction# time
©I
to sotie
dative
abl* place where
hwllura
dative used as adverb of time
for dugude
dative
abl* plaoe here
egrliun
dative
abl* place where
conjunction* plaoe
3>»r
helsdm
dative
indirect object
suna
dative
indirect object
genitive pronoun ueed as eajunction# cause
baa
wine
accusative
end of motion
hyrd©
accusative
end of motion
sold wTfe
dative
abl* aaompaniment
oft
adverb of time
aeld&n
adv. of time
hw»r
_
adverb of plaoe
after leo&hryre dative
abl* time when
hwile
accusative
adverbial ace*
bee
genitive pronoun used as adverb of cause
wn4W4A8» 4*jgjgjjp ee
dBd*
dative
abl* of accompaniment
on hi»
abl* place whore
dative
p&nden
conjunction time
vepnum
abl* means
dative
©j| dat
conjunction time
to lindplegaa
dative
abl* place where
jpoxino
adverb of time
a£ boor©
abl* place where
dative
to gefeohte
dative
abl* place where
under beregrfman dative
abl* place where
abl* time when
dative
ape
Pm
conjunction place
sy65an
conjunction, time
after hryre
abl* time when
dative
adverb of time
m
her
adverb of place
frffltwum
dative
abl* of cause
on flet
aoc. end of motion
accusative
mordrea
gen, with verb
genitive
mid rlhte
dative
abl*of manner
adverb of manner
gehwyloe
instrumental
abl* of time
wordum
dative
abl* of means
08 dart
conjunction* time
fore dSdum
dative
abl* of cause
after bite
dative
abl* means
ealdrea
gen# with adjective
genitive
ponan
adverb of place
gears
adverb of manner
ponne
adverb of time
on healfe
accusative
abl* of maimer
»y85ai*
conjunction* time
Adverbial Express ion
2014*
15*
15*
IS*
19*
19*
30*
ao.
31*
33*
34*
26.
35*
36*
37*
33.
29.
39*
29*
30*
30*
33*
34*
36*
38*
38*
39*
69.
41*
41*
48*
49*
49*
50#
31*
52*
33*
53*
54*
54*
85*
58*
87*
87*
58*
58*
39*
60*
61.
61*
63*
63.
63*
64*
.
Oonstrueilea Anglo*
Saxos
xlvii
corresponding. const*
Const m o t i o n Angloin bat in
Saxon
abl* place shore
iBgeld#
dative
abl.place where
dative
him
abl* of cause
after aaarwalnim - dative
instrumental pronoun uised as adverb of cause
by
ne
indirect object
h&num
dative
farO
adverb of lilac©
adverb of degree
gen
y.mbe Grendel
accusative
adverb of degree
gears
conjunction# time
gyddan
ace* extent^
accusative
ofer grundaa
infinitive of purpose isi tli verb owoa
njiosian
conjunction# place
j>5r
x*c*
adverb of place
dative reference
Jkmdseio
dative
adverb of time# superlative
fyrmest
dative
him
mgapaijne
dative
no
negative adverb
idiom {the sooner)
§y Sr
ut
adverb of 'place
Sa
adverb of time
adverb of degree
gen
bealewa
genitive w* adj*
genitive
abl* place where
dative
of goldsele
gongan
infinitive used as abl.* of specification
zmgems
gen* with adjective
genitive
gearofolra
a d j » used as a dverfc of manner
e earogendum
da tive
abl* specification
dative
ordonoum
abl * sp eo if ica tion
erssftum
abl* specification
dative
fellum
abl* specification
dative
pElr
adverb of place
adverb of place
on^innan
swa
adverb of manner
syoSan
conjunction# time
t£
adverb of degree
hu
adverb of manner
gehwylces
genitive
|?Sr
conj unc tion# place
weore urn
dative
abl* apeeifation
on weg:
adverbial aoo.
accusative
hx.ils
ace* extent 02 time
accusative
on biorote
dative
-bl* place •here
oonan
adverb of plaoe
modes
genitive
gen* specification
meregrund
aecuo&tiv©
acc. end of motion
me
dative
indirect object
w®lris
acouea ive
ace* seeonoary obj*
go W e
dative
abl* of means
matousa
dative
ablative of laeans
syMan
conjunction time
to symble
dative
abl* place where
imr
adverb of place or introductory word
Adverbial ^expression
2064*
60*'
66*
67*
67*
08*
69*
70*
70*
70*
72*
70*'
74,
75*
76*
76*
77*
78*
79#'
81*
81*
81.
81.
81*
82*
83*
80*
84*
80*
86 *
87*
88*
88*
89 *
89*
91*
98.
93.
93.
94*
95.
96*
96*
97.
99.
99•
2100*
00*
01*
01.
08*
03*
03.
04*
05.
xlviii
Adverbial Expression
2106. feorran
07.
08. hwlTXum
09. ferric
10 sifter xi&te
Construction Anglo-
Corresponding 001*31.
Saxon
in ha tin
advert of time
da tire used as advert of time
dailvo used as adverts of time
dative used as advert of t i m
dative
ill* manner
dative used as advert of timm
XX. fewilum
X*-*. eft
advert of time
XI. el do
abl. specification
dative
1 rt• i m m
Au
advert o f plaoe
14. ponnm
conjunction time
14. mint m m
a b.X. speciflea tion
dative
1o
advert of m i m t r
15. {SBT
advert of plaoe
15. i r m e
advert of place
15. dag
accusative
aoc* dueatlon
16* od Hitt
conjunction* time
17. Jfca
advert of time
17. eft
advert of time
17. liraS®
advert of manner
18*
gen. specification
genitive
2 2 ellenlTes
advert of manner
2 2 p&T
advert of plaoe
22 C o h e r e
abl. separation
dative
25. fyrnwitan
abl. separation
dative
24. syoHaa
© onjuno t ion time
26. Fronde
abl. of means
dative
canjunction, negative
26. a#
26. on b#X
aoe» end of motion
aecu native
28 . fiedmuia
_ dative
abl*- place where
28. under firgenstream accusative
aoo. end of motion
29. Hr odg&re
dative
dative reference
30.
advert of time
31. aa
advert of time
31. life
instrumental
5-s* ^spring
aoa. extent
accusative
34. *S&
dative
indirect object
<03. %
advert of tim®
35. wide
advert of degree
37. VIST
adverb of plaoe
37* hw*£le
accusative
aoa. duration time
38* heolfre
dative
abl. specification
39. in gSdsele
dative
abl. place where
40. eeguza
dative
abl* of means
40. un©ofte
dative
abl * mmanm
401 ponan
advert of place
41. «®e
negative advert in the vert
41.
■advert of -time
41., eyt
advert of time
o4j.
*
4s
advert
of time
®*A
44. ami
advert of manner
44. peawioa
dative used ao advert of man n e r
45. noallas
negative advert
43. XoanuM
dative
ubl# specification
46* mode
abl* of specification
dative
Indirect object
46* SMI
dative
.
.
.
.
.
xlvix
\ d w r b i a X ..^xpresalon
2147 * on dom
48. 0
49 • o&tum
49# GSh
49. st Se
50 * li £>£»!&
0,j • da
52. in
54* after
55* Jili
56* word©
o? • iires o
58* liwTla
60* no
60. 5y 3r
60. oojia
61 * Hoo rov/ea rd®
0 2 * well
64 * lungre
65* big
66. 5 m
6?* nealles
6?. odruaa
68. craft®
69* Itoalao©
70. nXda
71. odrum
71* hrc|>ra
72* .uygdo
73* hi®
74* &omod
75. oydftan ^
76* after tieahdogo
77* S m
78* gullum
78* dS&um ^
79* siftor dome
79* neallea
80%, B€S©
81*
82*
83*
04*
84.
86*
85*
87 *
89*
90*
92m
92•
92 *
92.
94*
95.
96*
clafte
him
lange
sm
no
on medohenoe
mieles
s’iry5®
menu
in
guide
nme
mid 0® itum
6a
on bea.x»
him
him
Construction Anglo*
□axon
accusative
dative
dative
adverb of degree
dative
geni tive
adverb of time
adverb of place
adverb ot time
dative
dative
adverb of time
accusative
Corresponding const
in but in
indiroot object
abl* of manner
indirect object
go ni Li?e ®pecification
indirect object
abl. of manner
aoc* extent oi tim-
negative adverb
idiom (adverb of time
dative
dative
adverb of manner
adverb of amnutx
dative
adverb of manner
negative adverb
dative
dative
dative
genitive
dative
genitive
dative
dative
adverb of degree
adverb of time
dative
adverb of imnner
dative
dative
indirect object
indireei objset
indirect object
dative purpose
abl* maimer
da live w. verb feeling
gen. ni th. adj ®ctiv*
dative reference
geniLive with a d j •
indirect object
indirect o b j e c t
abl* time when
abl. specification
abl. specification
abl* manner
dative
negative adverb
negative adverb in the verb
abl. of means
dative
dative
indirect object
adverb of time
conjunction* cause
dative
abl* place v/here
genitive with adj.
genitive
adverb of degree
dative
abl* place where
adverb of plaoe
dative
abl* specif i oat ion
nega -ive adverb in the verb
abl. place where
dative
adverb of time
aoc, end of motion
accusative
indirect object
dative
dative
indirect object
Adverbial Expression
3196*
97.
98.
99.
SHOO.
00.
01.
01.
-'
u^#
03.
04.
••"4.
06.
07.
07.
08.
08.
10.
11.
JL^#
13.
14.
14.
14.
15.
17.
1
jlo
/»
17.
18.
81.
21*
.
•
■r%
f
"5*7
(va .
,
*»*»
.
25*
26.
27.
30.
31.
32.
oo .
35.
37 .
37.
37.
38.
38*
40.
42.
4<ss.
4o.
43#
44.
44.
47.
Construction /umglo«
Aaxo n
dorrespongind const
in Latin
sumod
adverb or manner
abl. place where
dative
on leedeaipe
abl. place where
dative
oorum
indirect object
ri
dative
of
time
adverb
:,£t
*1i
J
f
i
T
abl. time Mien
dative
dog rim
abl. moans
dative
,liiIdehlmmmura
oonj m m tion, tiiae
sydftan^.
cat* ox reference
dative
Peardrede
abl*
place where
under
or&hrioSan
dative
-v*■
JM*»
conjunction, time
oa
^
abl.place where
on wigejjiode
da uive
genitive
used
as
ii&rumontal
abl. of m m n a
hi da
time
adverb or
syoftan
indirect object
dative
Jdeowulfe
accusative
on hand
adverb of manner
xela
oi 5a t
c onjunot io n , time
a b l . t xme when
dative
nihturn
abl. place where
on luBpe
o itiv®
under
: averb of plaoe
dative w. adjective
dative
a!4t:m
adverb of place
;mv
adverb of place
on iztnan
abl. separation
horde
da 1.1vc
abl • simoi fi oa fcion
dative
eiace
y
*
lltl
adverb of time
ay 5dan
abl. of mozmm
orisfte
dative
negative adverb
healles
abl. manner
mid gewealdum
dative
dative purpose
dative
wjtXXuiB
adverb of manner
s& re
as jl.. Ox caiise
for ^rcaimdlan dative
adverb of pla o©
dear
adverb of place
inne
adverb of time
&oha
dative
dative of reference
g^sfce
5u
adverb o i' time
adverb Q X time or introductory word
fcEr
^
abl* rlace where
da :,ive
in eorfthuae
abl* time when
da tiv®
0|| geardagum
jlbr
adverb of plaoe
abl. time when
mSlum
dative
... ■
»•»4a
adverb of time
gen
adverb of degree
fSlr
adverb of time
lengest
adverb Ox time, superl- itive
£ist
e onj unc>tion. manner
abl. lilac® where
dative
on v/agge
watery 5tia
dative
abl. plaoe where
abl. place where
he liaise
dative
abl. of momnm
near o c r&ftwm
dative
adverb of plaoe
|»©r
on imrnn
adverb of place
adverb of time
nu
idverblal SxDreasi on
2247.
47.
48.
481
52.
nu
11®
ep ^
on 6c
ifi&i
eXXor
tetuaa
at iiiIds
of e r g e t m
m f t e r feeorae
ne
^
af t e r wigfrTisian
v/Tde
be noalf©
54*
8 6*
58.
-59*
60.
60.
81*
61.
62.
68 . nm&
64. g o o n d sal
.«-*rfWI
oo* for5
67.
68* a f t e r sallusi
69 • dsageo
69* niiitee
69. o 3
70. a t hearten
73. ni b tee
74. ^/TO
of;
/*</# awTde^
76. on hrua&n
76. pSr
77. w i n t r u m
77. ne wihte
77. » y _
78. Pwa
78. h u n d ^
79. on h r u o an
80. o 5 dgt
81. on m5&®
81. m o n d r y h t M
r'?*?
OW* lilaf ord
S.
83. -%
65. me n
86* oToe
87. l a
'■
88.
88.
89*
89.
90.
90*
da
^
a f t e r ©tan@
to
ford
*crafts
^
hsafde n’
eali
91.
91. e&$e
91. go o m e
Construction Anglo3axon
11
Oorreuponding const
in .Latin
adv e r b of time
adverb of time
Q
,£i wtV Q
negative adverb
adve rb o f •lace
da fcive
dative
accusative
dative
abl.
plaoe -drier©
abl * of s©parati on
ab j.* place 'where
abl. plaoe where
i£*'iJJmm manner* time
abl. place wher e
dative
adverb of place
abl • place wtier©
dative
negative adverb in the verb
3.CC » extent
accusative
a d v e r b of rlaa©
adverb of degree
abl rianne r
dative
adverbial
enitive
genitive
ad vo rbiai gen.
genitive
conjunction* time
a b l . place where
dative
genitive
adverbial genitive
abl. epee* means
dative.
a d v e r b of degree
dative
•
-••:’•
~
abl* place where
oonjunotion * place
ubx. s p e d if cation
dative
negative adverb
ine trumen t •>,! pronoun ased ao a d v e r b
adverb of m & u n s r
a c e , duration time
accusative
dative
a b l . place she re
conjunction* time
(XdrwJlT v
abl* .place -where
dative
indirect object
C
3,w# ui r. objset
accusative
adverb of time
dative
dative
a onj m i ~1i on # t ime
a d v e r b of time
d tive
adverb of degree
adverb of place
dative
da tive
adverb of man n e r
adv e r b of yianner
adve r b of man n e r
(X live w. verb grant
a b l.
:,i.
U i.
time v;hen
■■-.■laoe where
abl. m m e r
abl* plaee whe r e
rc
£v~'
£0 1C tO CO tO tw tO f^fO cj K ' H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 o c >c <0 tO to <0 <0 <© '.0<S>tc-tO c-
I
K
03
tC { v H H O C O O < C O > J ^ < >3 Ci CP 4* 0-a O’ o to to to €2 CD ©3 -3 -<2 -4 *4 C i
CR ©* ^ ^ 0® 0« W to
ct © t: 0" $f s? cf of
cits ©IPIm* H* © M
jsfo
£2 p ^
g p. o O H ts
H M £3 © ©
O f© P
©r
©
._... tf 3*H
H
Ms
©
N
cf M
MP©
p.
© © ©
H *|
m m
K
©
3 3 ©ftJ © • '■<&a O H © H C H>t- H O
© M m o{h p|h 5913
C SD p*
©» '*■**
‘
©IM
■
o
P ԩ Hȣft
g
p m
®o
o p
t
Co
H*
Nj
s
5
D IP <4|F<© 3
& |o
4 ''
i^
Q
•.
**«*s ’ O 0 * 3
3©
H-C.'-© OCm o*
..
op $sh*($tfG*P op $ ©
3 SB*©
m
M 3 ■ Ho Ch fs
:•; © c*H £9 u*H m © <
o H
c*3
G
C* C*
H
©
©
4
fit*
S
*
©
O c 4 ©I
©
©
© ©
C ’ •.%
© p f© © .3*
33 C1* H & |F* Hj
H J 3 * m g ct
©
©
M
c*.
p
H
1
I
©
3*
H*
a
S
»
2
m
m
H*
©
3
P fk p
p
m,
P
a p p ©* f > £ P M P S ! 3
P P P P ' O O P P P P ©« C? ,Cj P p P pf p
CT 4<t4 C* 3 3 Cf-t'1-.■
'i'-r<0<<444<C5
H © H» © H* F* F* F* F- H* H* © £ © 0 © © £ 3
4 H 4 4 4 cf <r* 4 4 4 4 4 o 4 4 4 4 4c?
© O4© cf o *■*h- c © :
,
;
•
; c 0‘P c/Cf & cf Cf Ht
4 4
0 ©
O
Hj
©
H
e*
c+
ct
jo.
H*
5
3
©
0
4
o' ©
<
4 Hi4 HiHj
O
Kv
r 3>'
pH H c
H- 4
s P P :: #»^r v»
3 0 0 3 © M
« @# ©
4
4 &
ci-
C H* C O O O O ©
©
©
0, gj O 0/
p . P*
P 85 3 P
P O P P p
c> p p p
P G p O © p4 P £u
4 0 c5* 3 3 4 c*“4
® c H* H* H* © H* ©
c? cr 4 4 M
M &:
H> H< o' G Cf
cs* 3 .Cf CJ P
Q
ct- 4 4
O c»- O C H © © © ©Hj
{■h 'fml>Wj Hj «{|-
p.; >-> piV"’ pi V- ^3 9 P P P-> ©J © O
pi o P
4 cr < c;- 4 3 c? c? c o- 4 HC? O 4 tv 4 3 4
© H* O'H< C «- • H* (
—'*H*H-© • P p G H* © o , ®
4 4 44 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 r- 4 4 M 3 4
4 ! »0
c © cr 3 © © © © C*4’ H* p t
r'©
H < «r
o
©
O
s)© H*c
a H*
"
H'-'f
H
Hi
C
3'4@ cr
CC P>
3
H*S?
B
©
s-i f—
3o
P
H m£
©
© ©
M
©
©
M
£9
©
o
p
3
C£
©
m
H
P
O
©
Cf
H*
3
*
•F*
H
©
Hi
©
4
Q,
M
0
a
ct
pum pi p p
p p
P # © cf 0* o’o'
d* £S 3
!-»•■* ■*
4
© < «?
H H
tt
H P 3
H H H r":
« • « •
© C o Cf
4 4 4 hB
2 5 C ®
C+
©
o*
^ 4 4 PP
Cj. <» © © 3
©
O
ct
©MM©
4 O*
Cf
ct* ct*
H H
£ 3
© Q
ft<!•>
©
P ^
p
G
*
©
J-M
Ps
c©
f~h
6
ct
H<
©
3
p
cr
4
©
P
cf
H
•
Oc
P
r?
f•**
C
H;
2
p
o
M
©
H
m
H
©
3
o
©
g
|*
3
3
©
M
©
3
ct
■I
<v%
cf
H
•
o
t-'
G
9
3
Cl
cn Hj0?5 Pi
O
O ©
vi ct D 3
* HHt
B
© H’c.
,
fwt' 4 H.“
p. © 0
c
Q
© H*
Q ^’v
H
P H<
vV M 0
S
G P
fit © cf
t*
H*
©
©
3
3
3 0 00 H*H<
© M MM 4 4
P c f c fc f
H* G O O
O
© ©
©
3 H H*
1
o o
{3 ©
«5’
V
ffip
p
§*
^ /3
©
H Sg
v: O
M
H 3
o w
0
cf
P»
©
P
C H*
H 3
* ft
M
G
H Pp £
O Q
© ®7
C/iO
P o
4 Hj
g
©
H* P S0 ©
3 Cf 0 O'
j3 H--H■
'H
H‘« * *
M*3 w
G H H 13
cP© o
** 2
Ss8
mt
ts
o
© ©
ct 3[
<* 3'
© ©
0 M
ct c
o p* pnp. p p
0 4 4 4 ci- c;-
©
P
P
P P p p ^ p.
fS
H
Cf
Q
Hi
p.
©
M
O
©
P
0
1
H* p
3 U4
C, H
H* *
n
©
O H
ct p
©
o ©
p
G
g*
O O
ct M
o
H- Q
3 o
M
K M
©
<T 0
H»*P
3 ©
3
p
H» H
P
m
a
s
m
fft
*
H-
Adverbial Construction Construction AngloSaxon
2m&
b£ynei9ylmum
go dan
hr©ore
ofer rlht
bit re
immn
m
g©,5oncum
m
swa
32 h i m
32 no
34 Ut^tt
3vi gledum
35 him
37 him
37
ps
5 ;i gcarv/e
40 no
41 wld iXge
42
end©
4 c somod
44
lange
45
5a
48 woorod©
47 h£9ge
47 no
47
f£
48
for wiht
49 fordon
49 BT
51
53 mt gude
54 n£
55 ImT
06
s^oian
56 vm&mn
57 Fmiilondum
58 hio rodryncum
59 bill©
59
to nan
60
crsfte
61
on earme
62
t o holxa©
68 |>a
03 noall#s
04 f©5ewTges
64 f o m n
65
eft
66 from iiildfreoan
66 niosan
aa
67
68 ©ft _
68 to l7odU2»
07 bigong
68 anhaga
27
28
30
31
31
da tire
dative
dative
accusative
11 ii
Corresponding const#
in l&tin
abl# of means
dative possession
a b . • place where
acc* secontiavy ©bj*
adverb ot manner
adverb of place
dative
conjunoiion* irnnner
dative
adverb of plaoe
dative
dative
dative
adverb of time
adverb of degree
abl# cause
dative w* adj*
abl* means
dative of reference
dative of purpose
dative
abl# manner
aso,direct ohj*
accusative
adverb manner
adverb of time
adverb of time
dativd
a b l * aac ompaniment
abl* accompanime nt
dative
negative adverb
adverb of time
accusative
adverb of cause
adverb of time
oonjunction causa
abl# where
dative
negative adverb
g onj uno t ion » pla o ©
oonjunctiont time
dative
abl* plaocwtore
abl* plaoe where
da tive
abl* manner
dative
abl* means
dative
adverb of place
dative
abl* means
abl* place where
dative
dative
abl* place >.tere
adverb of time
negative adverb
gen# spoolfication
genliive
adverb of time
adverb of time
abl# separation
dative
infinitive of purpose with v e r b becwom
adverb of time
adverb of plaoe
dative
abl# plaoe where
accusative
ac-.;* direct object
adverb of manner
liv
Adverbial Expression
Construction Anglo*
Saxon
2369.
70.
71.
75.
73.
74.
74.
75.
77.
77.
conjunction, plaoe
78.
78.
78.
80.
81.
03.
84.
65.
85.
86.
87.
88.
88.
92.
93.
94.
95.
95.
96.
97.
99.
2400.
01.
02.
01.
03.
03.
04.
05.
08.
09.
10.
XX.
XX.
12.
12.
15.
15.
15*
16.
16.
jSr
no
wid alfyloum
5a ^
no By mr
mt ad©ling©
Bingm ^
he&rdrede
hwisBre
on^f ole©.
f re ondla rim
1 st im
a i d are
o5 Bsrt^.
of or sS
helm _ ^
In OwlorXoe
him
p£r
fQonm
swengma
eft
nlommx
eyBIIan
f eas ©oaf tun
ofer mm
wigura
waspausi
cearsTduia
Sim
o5 Bat
wid myna©
sceawian
torn©
ps
Iwaaan
to bearm©
on dreate
&onon
©for willan
to d»© 5©
under hrusan
holiaylme noli
ydgowinn©
i nnan
wrsetta
under ©orSan
ngse
to gegangcnne
mnigvan
do rret*ponding const.
in A*ctin
dative
abl. specifioation
conjunction* time
adverbial phrase negative
abl. means
dativ©
gen. specification
genitive
dative
dative reference
adverb of cause
dative
abl. place where
a|?l. manner
dative
abl. manner
dative
abl* maimer
dativ©
oonjunotion. time
acc. e xteni
accusative
aoc .
accusative
abl. place where
dative
dative
dative possession
adverb of place
a b l * p l a ©e w h o re
dative
abl* means
dafcive
adverb of time
infinitive- of purpose with verb gewat
©onj uno fion# time
abl. time when
dative
dative
dative reference
accusative
acc. extent
dative
abl* of means
abl* of means
dative
dative
abl* ©ause
adverb of m a n n e r
conjunction^ time
dative
abl. accompaniment
adverb of time
infinitive of purpose with verb gs\mt
dative
abl* means
adverb of time
adverb of place
dative
abl. place where
dative
adverb of place
accusative
abl. manner
c onj unc t ion * cause
dative
abl* place where
dative
abl. place whore
dative
ablative place where
adverb* place
genitive
gen. w i t h adj.
da Live
abl* place whore
negative adverb in the verb
Infinitive
da tiv© reference
dative
Adverbial ^depression
2417*
17.
18.
18.
20.
23 .
2 5.
23.
23.
24.
26.
20.
32.
32.
33.
33.
33.
33.
36.
38.
40.
41.
42.
42.
43.
44.
44.
46.
46.
47.
48.
48.
48.
50*
61.
51.
32.
52.
33.
54.
55.
57.
88.
58.
58.
59.
60.
60.
61.
61.
63.
3a
on nasss©
penden _
heo r ftgenea t urn
ungeaet#
ifi,3 lie©
no
|>on
lange
fiasco
on giog©3e
nmt fader
Ǥ|S _
to Ilf©
in burgum
ponne
yIdeatan
ugggedefe
dadiyas
fljine
gars
fyrenum
h r © 5re
aim be ah
e.aldre a
oeorle
on galgan
bonne
ponne
hrefng,
to hrodre
Co rra..,pent -.ing cons
Construction Angloin hatin
Saxon
adverb of time
a b l .place
he rm
dative
e onj tinc tion t t irae
indirect
dative
adverb of degree
abl. separation
dative
negative adverb
adverb of time
adverb of time
abl. place where
dativ©
abl. time when
dative
abl. of separation
dative
negative adverb in the verb
dative ueed a© adverb of time
dativ©
abl • place who re
eonj un c t i on * o amp®,r i a on
dative p u r o a e
dative
adverb of manner
abl. means
dativ#
abl. means
dative
abl. means
dative
dative
abl. manner
dative
abl* pla.ce where
adverb of cams#
genitive
adverb of manner
dative
da tive w * adj .
dative
abl.plaoe where
adverb of time
eonj unc t ion f time
dative refor©no©
dative
dative of manner
nm
stable
adverb of time
n@
©dree
genitive
gen. w. verb of
burgum
abl. place where
dative
in i mian
adverb of place
poime
qonjunot ion * tine
|urh nyd
accusative
in b$re
dativ©
abl. place where
rote
dative
abl. specification
dative
in hodxaan
abl.place where
nis
negative adverb In the verb
i?Sr
adverb of plaoe
in geardum
afei. place where
dative
ponne
adverb of time
on coalman
accusative
aoc. end of motion
abl. laamer .
after cmrni
dative
adverb of degree
to
dative reference
after Merebealde dative
Ivi
Adverbial Expression
Construction Anglo*
Saxon
negative adverb
2464. wihte lie
60. on fcorhbonan
dative
66# no Sy 3r
adverbial phrase
66. heaoorinc
accusative
67. dij&um
dative
88. 5a
adverb of time
68. intci sorhge
dative
68. to
adverb of degree
68. ear
adj. need a 8 adverb of
70. eaferua
da tivo
70. Bwa
eonj unoti on# imtiner
conjunetion» time
71. jpS
71. of life
dative
72. s
adverb of time
73. ofer water
accusative
74. sy55en
eon junotion, time
75. oo5©
conjunction, time
70. M m
dative
76. 31©
77. of or heaf©
accusative
77. ymb iireosnabeo rh accusative
78. oft
conJ unction, cause
2480 .fg&cto
dative
80. fyren©
dative
80. swa
conjunction manner
81. ealdre
dative
82. ceape
dative
82. iisooynne
dative
85. dryhtne
dativ©
84 . x>a
adverb of time
84. on morgue
dativ©
80. eogum
dativ©
86. dir
conjunction, time
89. n©
DO. |>a
adverb of time
90. him
dative
90* me
dative
91. ast^gude
dative
91. sia
c onj uno tio n , manner
91. me
dativ©
92* sjreord©
dativ©
98. me
dative
90. neas
negative adverb in the
95. him
dative
94. to GitHnxtn
da ,ive
94. to Gav~£oji\m
dativ©
9 0. in Swiorico
dative
96. sweorfte
da tivo
97. symle
adverb of time
97 . him beforan
dativ©
97. on f © Jan
dative
Corresponding const
in hatin
a b l . place wher^
acc. direct obj.
abl. Hi©an©
:tbl. o-au*;j©
manner
indirect obj •
ab 1. b eparation.
aco. extent
dative w* adj•
aco* extent
aco* extent
abl. oauue
abl. ocause
abl. price
abl. price
da ti ve referenoe
dative reference
abl* time when
a b l . means
indirect object
indirect object
abl. manner
indirect object
abl, means
indirect object
verb
dativ© of reference
abl. ilace where
abl. place where
abl* place where
abl, price
abl. pla co wh©re
abl. manner
Ivii
Adverbial Kxprea.-iion
Construction Anglo itoon
C o m u ponding oanst*
in ha tin
2498. ana
adverb of manner
98. on^orde
abl. rsanne r
dative
98. BW&
adverb of* manner
98. to o,ldr a
dative used as adverb time
99* benden
conjunction, time
2500. S r
adverb of time
00. si 6
adverb of time, comparative
00. o ft
adverb of time
adverb of time
01. syUfian
abl. place whore
dative
01. for dugedum
Gati v@ possession
01. Brjghrefn©
dative
05. nailas
adverb of degree
08* Frcseyning©
indirect object
dative
Ou • in campe
dative
abl. place where
06. on elne
dativ©
abl. manner
06. ne
08. nu
adv e r b of time
09. y m b ho rtl
accusative
10. b e p t w o rdum
abl • i m r m e r
dative
11. 315©
abl. time when
dative
abl. t ime when
12. an geogode
dative
12. g y t
adverb of degree
15. of eordeele
to tive
abl • place ~ih@re
15. ut
adverb of place
16. o&
adverb of time
17. sT6e
dative
abl. time whe n
negative adverb in the verb
18. nolde
19. to. wyiias
abl* of eocosp#
dative
a d v e r b of manner
19. ftu _ _
80. wid agiaasm
dative
abl • place where
20. olios
adverb of m a n n e r
21. ewa
conjunction m a n n e r
21. w i d Grondle
da ive
abl. place h e re
22. 5Sr ^
adverb of place
23. on t£
abl. place where
dative
84. Mo lie
negative adverb in the verb
25. t rem
accusative
acc» e x h n t of space
80. mtj&rcalle
dative abl. place where
26. swa ^
conjunction, m a n n e r
87. on mode
dative
abl. specifioation.
29. on baorge
ah -L. place where
dative
.
^ bymuia
.*
•*
/>€}#
dative
abl* of means
30. on s e a r w u m
dative
v,bi . of moans
30. sel
adverb of manner, comparative
31. a ft e r walrase
a b l . time when
dative
32 . nis ^
^
negative adverb in the verb
84. wi5 agxSomn
dative
abl* accompaniment
55. m i d elne
a b l . means
dative
38. cE
adverb of time
38. bT ronde
da ive
abl. place w h e r e
39. under h al m
dative
abl. place where
40. under s taneleafu accusative
aco. end of motion
lviii
dverbial ibepreosion
atrengo
»e.
4a
be weall©
gumcystum
3>onne
ut
ponan
of beorge
heafiofyrea
n©
_
horde neah
hwi 1©
lor leg©
aS
of breostum
da
51# ut
58* in
^
53. under stan
55.
56. from
56. Srest
57. ut
w
57. of stan©
60. wifi
V'■
'
** gryregiest©
61. oa
68. «r
64. eegura
64. a g h m d r u m
65. fraa oirtgl
66. wifi road
67*
68. snude
68. toeomne
69. oS
70. to gescipe
70. wel
71. life
71. lace
71. hwlle
72. 1>onne
73. dogore
74.
74. a m
75. at M i d ©
77. inege-lafe
77. pat _
78. on bane
78. unswXfior
540*
41*
4a.
42.
45.
44.
45*
45.
46.
47.
47.
47.
48.
49.
60.
50.
50.
Construction AngloSaxon
Corresponding const
in Latin
dative
native w* vb* t rust
adverb of time
dative
dative
eery anotion# tiis®
adverb of place
adverb of place
dative
dative
abl. place where
abl. specification
abl. of source
abl. means
a iii. place where
dative
aoo. duration time
accusative
abl. cause
dative
adverb of time
abl. place where
dative
conj unction. time
adverb of place
adverb of place
aco usative
negative adverbin the verb
adverb of place
adverb of time* auperaltive
adverb of -place
abl. place where
dative
abl* aoc ompaniment
dativ#
adverb of time
adverb of time
dative
abl. place where
dative with noun of
dative
abl* place where
dative
abl* place where
accusative
conjunction* time
adverb of manner
adverb of rmrmer
adverb of time
abl. place where
dativ©
adverb of manner
abl. ep eolf ication*
dative
abl * specifioat ion
dative
accusative
aoc. duration time
oonjunoti on f msiner
dative
abl. time 'when
oonjunction. manner
dative
‘
.itJL. place where
abl. of means
dative
conj uno ti on 9 manner
dative
abl. place where
adverb of manner, comparative
X13C
Adverbial Expression
2579*
80.
81.
81*
821
as*
83*
83.
So*
85*
85*
86.
89*
90.
90*
91.
91.
96.
93*
94.
9o*
95*
96*
96*
97*
98*
99 .
2 600 *
00*
00.
01.
01*
05*
06*
*
o
09*
09*
11.
1c .
14.
|>arm©
adverb of comparison
bysigum
dative
e f t e r headuewenge
dative
on mod®
dative
dative
weeIf y re
wide
adverb place
Hr©deAgora
genitive
ne
dative
estjril be
conjtmction. manner
no
negative adverb
ne
ofer willan
accusative
clias hwergen
adverb of place
swa
o on j tinotica s M i r m e r
negative adverb in the
rugs
Sa
adverb of time
eft
adverb of time
©tee
dative
da wive
nTwan stein©
fyre
dative
Hr
adverb of time
adverb of negation
ne&lles
on heaps
dative
adve rb place
yznb©
dative
h i i d e eyeturn
in anum
dative
w i 8 m orgum
dativ©
adverb of time
ilfra
ne *. wiht
adverb of degree
dam
dativ©
wel
adverb of manner
under heregr:«mn dative
him
dative
da
adverb of time
Corresponding const*
in X&iin
abl*
abl*
abl*
abl*
e&use
time when
specification
manner
gen* with verb 'boast
abl* place where
verb
abl* means
abl * t ime v/hen
abl* means
all* manner
acc. end of motion
abl*ative
a b l * means
abl* agent
abl* place where
indirect object
ne
5a
m i d eldum
et sacco
eoguKi
14 * mag iam
18* no
vw
IS. ym be fShd£
SO* fela m i s sera
Si* °ii fet
8 2 *swa
iiim
23* oa
.5* laid Geatum
24.
■
Construction AngloSaxon
adverb of lime
dative
dative
dative
dative
negative adverb
aocusat ive
ac oua alive
conj uneti on * t ime
c o n j \mc tion, laanne r
dative
.adverb of time
dative
conjunction* time
abl* place where
abl* place where
abl* means
indirect objeot
abl* manner
aco* ooration time
indi re c t o bj -ea t
abl* place
2j £
Correapenuing const
Construction AngloSaxon
in hatin
ace. extent space
op fordweg
ace usatlve
lm
adverb time
coiopan
dative reference
dative
aco. time during which
rSs
accusative
mid freodryhtn® dativ®
abl • a eu ompaniBKi nt
no
abl. place where
dative
set wTge
s^di&a
co njunction, time
togigdr©
adverb manner
geo To urn
dative
indirect object
pSr
conjunction place used as time
3>®?m©
conjunction, time
dative
indirect object
hlaforde
in pTorsel©
a b 1.place whore
dative
us
dative
indirect -object
him
dativ©
indirect object
gudgeatwa
accusative
him
dative
dative w* idea of need
hm Xxaas
accusative
on herge
abl. separation
dativ®
dative purpose
to eTofate
dative
willurn
abl. source
dative
lapria
genitive
genitive w.vb. remember
me
indirect object
dative
adverb of manner
ana
adverb of time
nu
ijiwgeneo
w. verb of w?mt
genitive
to
adverb of place
verb, want &nd plenty
gudrinoa
genitive
infinitive of purpose w. verb gongan
i’
Uilpan
penden
conjunoti o n , time
accusative
laid, goldgyfsn
abl. aocumpanimont
no
eft
adverb of time
J>o sardeabl. place vihere
ciaf1VHror
adverb of time, comparative
gear©
adverb of manner
siron
nega :.iv@ adverb in the verb
ana
adverb of manner
321 SfiiOO*
da iv©
abl. place where
3a
_
adverb of time
puwb w^lree
accusative
woe. extent spaoe
on fultusa
abl. cause
accusative
Swi*
^
conj unction, mannor
da t ive
o n jg uogud feore
abl. time when
adverb of time
go a m
ne ^
be Se*
da tiv e referene®
dative
adverb time
nu
dEdum
abl. epeoifloation
dative
Adverbial Expression
262 a .
25.
26.
eC& .
27.
20.
29.
vJ0 .
30*
*3fO
33.
34 .
3b .
35.
36.
36.
37.
38.
58 .
39.
39.
40.
40.
45.
46.
47.
4 V-.
48.
4 •<.
49.
3b .
53.
54.
-54.
34 •
56.
37.
57.
69.
61.
61.
62.
64.
64.
64.
**W'
ob.
65.
66.
66 .
Ixi
Adverbial ^hcnression
Com t ru-o t io n Anglo*
3ax-..>n
Corresponding
in ’ .•i t in .
2667,
OV
i.
70*
71.
72*
75.
75.
74.
75.
76.
76.
77.
77#
77#
78.
79#
70#
80 #
S I.
8:,#
85#
d a tiv e
d a tiv e
bfs* ^IV 0
da liv e
d a tiv e
d a tiv e
abl# means
a ba . time vjben
a o l * iisae when
a b l. o i. -cao-j Giap#
abl# Means
&©g®n©
softer v*or dam
Sore g ill a
f& ru y 'lm m
•OisyOujfii
wia rond®
n®
garwigan
under soyId
olne
pap
gjedum
.a
gen
trengo
hildebills
oi| heafolan
nibe
© t ©aco®
him
ne
84# e t h ild e
84. to
^
85* g a f rsg©
86* swsnge
86* bonne
66* %Q &ZQGGQ
87. nm®
87 * him
87 *
86.
8b*
89. fS M a
90* on ro fa n
98* ]priuM _ _
95. saw uldrior©
95* ybuaaa
94. , ;i
94* cat^pearfe
96* swa
96. hlJB
57. no
97. h a a ia la n
96. p i r
99. n io o o r
99# hwsne
99. bat
2701* l>at
08. s^Cldan
08# Im
05* gen*
05# w©ll-3daxe
04* on byrnan
05# on irtlddaa
d a tiv e
a ocuoa tiv e
adverb of jaanner
conjunction# tim®
d a tiv e
adverb ox time
adverb o f time
d a tiv e
d a tiv e
dativ-.:
d a tiv e
d a tiv e
d a tiv e
d a tiv e
adverb o f degree
in s tru m e n ta l
d a tiv e
eonj uno t i on , time
tin tifa
n e g a tive adverb i n the
d a tiv e
adverb o f degree
adverb o f time
da tiv e
g o :ti l ive
a.,., cueative
d a tiv e
d a tiv e
d a tiv e
adverb of itirne
d a tiv e
co n ju n ctio n # laanner
da tiv e
const
abl. Joannar
in d ir e c t
o b je c t
ace. end o f motion
abl#
means
d a tiv e v/* a d je c tiv e
abl# means
abl# place where
abl# manner
abl# place where
da tiv e w* verb g ra n t
abl#
place wiicr®
a b l*
a b l.
iin\ijxmv
means
of
a b l. place where
v e rb
a b l * s p e c if ic a t io n
abl •
gen.
aco.
abl #
uoX«
*.■T
at
5/ <Jb 0
t ime when
w ib ii a d j •
end o f M otion
o f mean©
i -1 J
p
Jk$
f--manner
a c l * pkee f o r time
<£& W -1.©
place where
g e n itiv e
gen. v.itiA verb care
conjunction# place
adverb o f place# comparative
adverb o f degree
c onj uno t i on caus a # man. i&T
o o n j uno t i o n , xoanner
adverb of time
adverb o f time
adverb o f degree
a b l* means
d a tiv e
abl# place where
dativ©
d a tiv e
abl# manner
Ixii
Adverbial depression
Construction AngloSaxon
2707*
Oft*
09*
11*
12.
Id*
14*
14*
lo »
15*
17*
17.
IS*
18*
19*
20 .
20 *
20*
22.
*3"5*
24.
adferb
da tive
dative
adverb
adverb
adverb
dative
adverb
adverb
ba­
set daarfe
Oodne
-.a
mv
sons ^
on breosturn
on intmn
.. .2
b T wealle
on s esse
on. geweore
hu
s tapu.Lton
irman
pa
m i d handa
ba
westere
hi Ids
ofer benne
wunde
-d«
...>e
gcarvre
0*7
/e
oo • ungeme te
28. neah
on
*
i_<j * x m
29 • s.iint
30* m i
P i « airter
p p * fiftig
OJ# nr:o
5b* gu>. winum
3G. agecan
P O * on eardo
38* ne
58* rae
O-J • on -unriht
4*0 ♦ fjsorhbennum
41. iilii
42 • penne.
43* of iToo
4w# Pu
45. lung®
44. a ooawian^.
44* unde r s tan
4 o . nu
46. aars
46. sines
47 * nu
48. geare
49. dy
0 orrespending const
in botin
of timm
abl. time when
dative of possession
of time
of time
of time
abl* place where
of place
of time
dative
abl* place where
dative
accuse
adverb
dative
adverb
adverb
dative
advarb
dative
abl* place wh e r e
aco* end of motion
tive
of manner
abl* place where
of place
of time
abl* means
of time
genitive
accusative
accuealive
adverb of manner
adverb of time
adverb of degree
adverb of place
adverb of time
dative
dative
adverb time
abl* means
gen* specification
indirect object
indirect object
aco* extent time
accusative
negative adverb in the verb
dativw
abl * ac cos ipanimeiit
abl* means
dative
a hi •p la oe ■ithere
dative
dative
dative reference
adverbial auc*
acousative
dative
abl* of cause
indirect object
dative
oonjunoti on f tim@
abl* separation
dative
adverb' o f time
adverb of manner
inf ini tive of ;.urpose with verb geong
accusative
acc* end of motion
adverb of time
adverb of manner
abl* separation
dative
a&verb of time
adverb of manner
adverb of degree
Adverbial .axprto
Sonstruetion Anglo*
Saxon
lxi 11
Corresponding ©oust*
in Latin
2749. soft
^
adverb of manner comparative
50. after imddumwclsn dative
abl. cause
51. long©
52. ^
52. snude
adverb of time
55. under
hrof
■Std**sp
56. 9a
sees®
56.
58. grunde
59. on wealle
62. J^grstum
63.
accusative
adverb of tin©
adverb of manner
55. after wejgdcwydusi adativ©
64. searwum
64. Iado
65. on grtigds
87. awylo©
68 ofer horde
69. leo 5£cresf turn
89* of 5am
71. nas
71. ft§r
73.
« *
73. on hliSw©
75. on bearm
76. dome
77.
80* faWTie
81. for horde
53. niddelnlhtum
02. oo past
82. m o r 5re
83* eft©T5©@
84. fratwum
86 in wongctod©
87. jfcwr
87 • « ■
88. 5a ^
88 mldniadratai
90. eft.
91* wseteree
91. o5 p&t
93. on gioho®
94. fr^twa
94. ifroan
95* w orduM
95. w ldurcyninge
96. Bryhta©
96* he r
96. on
97. laodum
98. I r swyltdasge
99* nu
99. on hord
.
.
.
abl. tixm when
aco. end motion
adverb of time
dativ®
abl.
abl*
dativ©
abl.
dativ©
dative
abl.
adverb used aa introductory
abl*
dativ©
adverb of manner
abl.
dativ©
adverb of manner
dativ©
abl.
dativ©
abl*
dativ©
abl*
negative adverb in the verb
intredoutcry word
adverb of time
abl.
dative
abl.
accusative
abl
dative
adverb of time
place where
place i#a.or@
place w h e r e
separ&tion
word
specification
place wherplace w h e r e
specification
place where
place where
place where
.manner
accusative
dativ
dative
aonj une ti o n 9 time
dativ©
genitive
dativ©
dative
conjunction* place
adverb of timm
adverb o f time
dative
adverb of time
genitive
oonjunotion. time
dative
genitive
dative
dativ©
dativ©
dativ©
adverb of place
adverb of place
dative
dative
adverb time
aoousative
aoc* extent o f
abl* catise
abl. time when
abl.
gen.
abl.
abl.
ime
man n e r
w ith adj • ready
means
place There
abl* accompaniment
gen* material
abl. manner
indirect object
abl. manner-
indirect abject
indi re a t object
dative purpose
abl* time when
Xxiv
\dverbial Kxpression
aaox.
OX.
o x.
03.
03.
04.
05.
06.
08.
08.
09.
X0.
12.
15.
16*
X?.
18.
18.
19.
20 .
31.
21.
82.
28 .
24.
80 .
26.
86.
87 *
30*
31.
31.
38.
32.
33.
33.
34.
36.
35.
56.
58.
89 *
40.
42*
48 .
43.
45.
43.
47.
48.
48.
48*
49.
ne
her
le n g
Construction 4ngXo3axon
Oorreo ponding constl
iii ha tin.
adverb o f p la c e
ndve-b o f tim e * com parative
a b l* p la c e where
m ftm v
d a tiv e
mt noBan
d a tiv e
a b l* p la c e whore
to gemyndu®
d a tiv e
d a tiv e o f purpose
a b l. place where
d a tiv e
on iiroaesn^sse
adverb of
tint©
a y3can
iQ3f m ^ o n t
o f o r genipu
a c c u s a tiv e
fo o r r a n
adverb o f p la ce
o f heals©
d a tiv e
a b l. p la ce fro m which
f>egn©
i n d i r e c t o b je c t
d a tiv e
w e ll
adverb o f manner
a b l. tim e when
to m©todsceafte d a tiv e
a l* '.la c e where
3ii.® a f t e r
d a tiv e
goxaelan
da t i v e r e f orence
d a tiv e
d a tiv e
a b l. p la ce whore
Jyr©©atgehy&du®
mr
o a n ja n c tio n , t-aoe
o f hrmure
a b l . p la ce from
d a tiv e
i n f i n i t i v e o f purpose w it h to r b m m m t
secean
adverb o f t i me
iff
guman
i n d i r e c t o b je c t
d a tiv e
adverb o f
.annor
e a rfo ilX o ©
a b l . pla ce where
on oordan
d a tiv e
swylce
adverb o f degree
d a tiv e
a b l. s e p a ra tio n
e a ld re
bealw©
d a tiv e
a b l. inOBMB
lo n g
adverb o f tim e » com parative
no
a b l* cause
wunduffl
d a tiv e
on riruaan
a c o im t i? ®
aoc# end o f m otion
ho vtM rn®
a b l. p la ce where
d a tiv e
naJtles
n e g a tiv e adverb
a f t e r X y fte
a b l. p la ce where
d a tiv e
r-nuMeln i h t um
cui Give
a b l * t i mo when
gen. w it h a d j.
saaomajhta
g e n it iv e
eorfian
Jri ■
«O. end o f m otion
a c c u s a tiv e
a
b
l*
adverb
o
f
tixoe
Huru
a
b
l . cause
f o r hondgeweoree
d a tiv e
on Xunde
a b l. place where
d a tiv e
dSda
gen. s p e c if ic a t io n
g e n it iv e
w ill oreft©
a b l.
d a tiv ©
hondum
da t i v e
a b l* means
a b l. p la ce where
on heorge
d a tiv e
Beowulf©
d a tiv e
d a tiv e agent
d a tiv e
a b l . p r ic e
deade
m
m
n e g a tiv e adverb in the v e rb
S
'*“*
da
adverb o f tim e
adverb o f manner
&t$cnne
no
adverb o f tim e
ar
f . /‘•JL
.. mo .no
d a re 5urn
d a tiv©
a b l* tim e when
on h e a r t &
a. ?t i v e
s
_
te le
jLk v
Adverbial Axpresaion
3851#
53*
53*
54*
54.
->5*
55 *
55*
56*
57*
58*
59*
59.
60.
60*
61*
63.
65.
66*
66.
67.
67*
67.
68.
69.
70.
70*
70*
71.
72.
72*
73.
73*
74.
74.
76.
76*
76*
77.
pmr _ _
on vpil
©axlum neah
wartre
ne
n©
on ©orft&n
wel
^
on frumgare
n<£
dSdum
g ehwylcum
nu
la
at geongan
Sr
^
on u^ltTof©
eow
jjiSr
on
J>orm@
on ealubenee
oft
healei ttendum
hOQnxm
ower
feor
neah
genunga
wrade
5a
nealles
fyrdges teallum
hwsore
h lm
mm
mid
eege
,v.sa
hi m
78. at gu5e
791
80.
80.
80.
82.
83.
83.
at*
88.
ofor gemot
m
ti o n Anglo-
Saxon
conjunction* place
accusative
dative
dative
dative
adverb of manner
dative
negative o on j ime t i.on
dative
dativ©
adverb of time
adverb of tisae
dativ .
adverb of tim©
accusative
dativ©
conj unc tion , pi ace
adverb of place
o onjunction 9 time
dativ©
adverb of tiia©
dative
dative
adverb of place
adverb of place
adverb of place
adverb of manner
adverb of mariner
conj un 11on * time
negative adverb
dativ©
adverb of cause
dative
adverb of manner
dative
conjunction* time
dative
dative
i-ccuiative
■
Corresponding eonat.
in ha tin
aoc* end of motion
abl • place xilmre
abl* of mean©
abl* place v/h©re
abl* place where
abl, manner
indirect obj*
abl* place from
aco* and motion
indirect object
abl* place where
indirect object
indirect object
abl* manner
in-.irest object
abl* Mean©
indirect object
abl* place where
acc* extent
adverb of degree
conjunction* tin©
W
bonne
sweorde
of gewltte
ymbe
C o n ® 1m
.,@Gden
pS
nu
sydHan
dative
ab. • means
dative
abl* source
-icc* end of motion
accusative
oonj unc tion* time * purpose
adverb of time
c onjunc ti on* time
lvi
hrerb ia X
2889
.-289X
92
92
93
93
95
99
99
29 00
OX
02
03
04
05
Or)
07
08
10
11
12
12
13
14
15
16
10
19
19
20
20
20
20
22
23
23
24
25
85
26
2?
28
2
31
33
34
34
35
36
36
36
3*7
37
Construction -AngloSaxon
adverb of plan©
fecrran
H^iyiauB
dative
adverb of time
3g.
dative
.>to hagan
adverb of place
ofer ©cgallf
accusative
o onj une ti on , place
ps?r
dativ©
°E
sodlice
adverb of assumer
of or ©all©
accusative
ml
adverb of time
dative
de&ftbedde
dSclurn
dativ©
dative
h i m on efn
sexbemjuni
dative
on agl&can
aocusative
Shig© M n g a
instriuaen tal~genitive
of or Biovmlfe dativ©
unlifigonduia dative
nu
adverb of time
eyooan
adverb of time
Froncum
dative
do,tive
frysun
wide
adverb of man n e r
c onj unotiony 11mm
sy3dan
on land
ac cuealive
l>aer
eonj one t i o n , plaoe
kildji
dative
on fedan
dative
negative adverb
nalles
dugob©
dative
u©
dative
a
adverb of time
adverb of time
ay 5 San
xp re s a i on
Uox*r©©ponding const*
.ifein
dativ© vjm adj* comp*
abl* place where
cV •0 * end of motion
Lii0X * Dianne r
■
„u t;* e xtent
place where
oauao
place where
of mocjtiB
UCO, indirect object
abl * of oarrner
ab Li* place where
abia tive place where
abl*
abl*
abl*
abl#
aco*
end of motion
abl* :lac@ where
Mlt1 * place viiere
indirect object
indi re ot obj©et
m®
wilite ne
negative adverb
adverb of maimer
w¥de
abl* separation
ealdre
dativ©
abl * place where
w i # iirefnawudu aoe usa tive ~d» tive
pa
^
conj unction, time
dative
a d * cause
jfor omnedXan
a rest
adverb of time* superlative
adverb of time
aona
him
dative
indirect object
gold©
dativ©
abl* separation
Sa
adverb of time
°5 diet ^
conjunction., tint©
earfodlTee
adverb of manner
in ii.refnesho.lt a© eusative
acc* end of motion
5a
adverb of time
sinborn©
dative
abl* means
sweor&a
gen* w o r d of wont
genitive
wunduos
abl* cause
dative
oft
adverb of time
Jarii
Adverbial ^expression
2933
38
39
39
40
41
41
42
43
44
43
4?
48
48
49
49
50
51
53
53
55
56
56
5?
5?
68
pu->
59
60
60
61
61
62
64
65
66
66
6?
6?
67
6?
68
69
mo
70
71
72
73
73
74
75
75
75
tooKhe
endlong© nlht
on mergenrui
e o&um
on ^ a l g t w o w u m
eft
C
s» ?od Srdgage
^an
l^e
on Inst
wide
liu
a i d h im
6a
a i d gadelingum
saotan
ufo r
wldres
ne
^
hea&oli5endu8i
eft
ponan
tmde x' mo r 5we all
fca
ieodum
freodowong
for 3
sx35an
t£ liagan
r®r
ecgum
on hid
yrringa
vr&pne
for swang©
Bo rum
fora
under fexe
nm& ^
m m deh
hra&e
v/rixle
ay 0 Ian
Jaydcr
ne
eerolje
cm hoafcie
Br
blode
on faldan
n^sa
gft
Construction Anglos
corresponding const
Saxon
in la tin
indirect abject
da tive
accusative
ace* extent tine
abl# time w h e n
datI t s
dative
abl. ffli;ani
da tiro
abl* means
adverb of time
dative of purpose
da tive
dative
abl* time when
conjunction* time
oonjunction, time
accusative
■adverb manner
adverb of mann e r
dative
abl* accompaniment
advex'b of time
abl* accomp*
dative
infinitive of purpose w i t h verb gecat
adverb of place comparative
g e n i tive wi th verb
genitiv5
dative
dat* v e r b contend
adverb of time
adverb of place
accusative
ace* end of moti o n
adverb time
dative
indirect object
accusative
aco* e x t e n t
adverb of place
conjunction, time
dative
adverb of pluc©
dative
abl* of meana
accu cative
acc* end of m o t i o n
adverb of manner
dative
abl. means
abl* cause
dative
abl* mariner
dative
adv e r b of place
abl* place whore
dative
negative adverb in the v erb
adverb of cause
adverb of imnner
dative
ablative of m a n n e r
c c n j un e tion, t iim
adverb of place
dative
da live
adverb of ttmm
dative
accusative
negative adverb in the
adverb of degree
indirect object
abl* place where
a b l • apec * me an
aco. end of motion
verb
Adverbial fbcpre colon
2978.
78.
80.
80.
81.
62.
85.
85.
85.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90,
9ki »
92.
95.
95.
93.
94.
95.
95.
95.
96.
96.
97.
97.
3000.
01.
02.
03.
04.
05.
06#
06.
07.
08.
09.
10*
10.
11.
11.
1 1?
13.
13.
13.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
19.
mgce
0
of©r bor&weal
dm
in f&QTh
0
Ticon©
6a
him
benden
_
on ongen dTo
Bomod^
riigelSoe
him
leodura
-mim'
to h a m
f of ore
walfe
^
mid ofernadiaum
QBlmmurtm
n©
6a
lean
on middangearde
a y oJan
Jofor©
oa
im
ip
u» to
mrhdsm
er
wio hettendum
after hryre
furdur
£SS*&
bmp
m
ipT
US
on adfare
na
..
mid modigan
peer
g r iiiBb0
nu
at sXiestan
foore
imlles
to gemyn&um
on healse
sold#
oft
nalle®
0onstruct Ion angle-*
iaxon
dative
o onj une tion, time
accusative
adverb of time
accusative
adverb of time
adverb of manner
ooigiiction, time
da live
conjunction# time
dative
adverb of degree
dativ©
dative
daLive
conj unofcion, time
dative
dative
dativd
dative
dative
Xxviii
Corresponding const
in Latin
abl. imanu
a.a,, end motion
aco.
extent
dative of reference
d a l ¥ Q ©f lilingaimy
indirect object
indirect object
.indirect object
indirect object
indirect object
.abl. ao©ompaniment
indirect object
adverb of time
accusative
abl. x>lao@ where
dative
conjunction, tiue-cau
dative
1ndire c t obj©dt
adverb of time
conjunction cause
dative verb
dativ©
conj unetion, time
adverb of time
dative
abl. separation
dative
abl. time when
adverb place, comparative
adverb of degree
adverb of time
adverb of place
dativ©
indirect object
dative
abl* place wh©r©
dative
int r oduc t o ry wo rd
adverb of manner
adverb of time
dative
t
dative
negative adverb
dative
da uive
dative
adverb of time
negative adverb
abl. acc omplmimon t
abl* time when
abl. price
abl. cause
.bl#place where
abl. separation
Ixix
Adverbial isjcuression
3019.
20.
•i2
23.
23.
25.
28.
26.
27.
27.
28.
S-) •
31.
32 .
33.
3o .
34.
33.
25 .
38.
38.
58.
39 .
41.
42.
43.
44.
44.
44.
44.
43 .
45.
47.
49.
50.
50.
51.
32*
53.
53*
57.
57.
58.
58.
59*
59.
59 •
?30*
60.
61.
tjf~s.
62.
62
64 .
64.
64.
65.
86.
BBH©
nu
mundiAM
on imnda
nalles^
ofor fmgm
eaxgie
nt cate
penden
wi 5 wulf®
sv/a
ne
under ixirnanses
seeaw ian
6a
on sande
him
Uonstructi on ingl o~
3aocon
adverb of time
adverb of time
dative
dative
n ©ga tive adverb
dative
dative
dative
oonj uno ti on . time
dative
adverb of manner
Gorreapending const*
in i-.itin
abl*
ms
abl • p la c e -me arta
abl. place where
dative, ineircot obj
abl. m n n e r
abl* accompaniment
,,ca. end of motion
accusative
infinitive of purpose with v e r b codon
adverb of time
abl. place wire re
dative
inu ireot object
dative
nmlwti
abl. time w h e n
dative
6a
adverb of time
&QdlUJl
dative reference
dative
adverb of time
3>eir
adverb of place
onj;ange
dative
abl. ^laee
here
gledum
dative
a b l . iaeane
f i f t i e s fotgomearcss genitive
gen. uioasure
on Xegere
dative
abl. place where
genitive used as adverb of time
nihtea
bwTXxm
dative ueed a& adverb of time
n yder
adverb of place
eft
adverb of time
nlomXsxn
infinitive of urpoee v/. verb gewitt
da tive
deaSe
a b l • epeci £i ca ti on
h i m big
dative
abl. place where
wi5 facta
dative
abl. p 1 aoo where
accusative
puoond
acc. ext ;nt time
pSr
adverb of place
bonne
c onj unotion, time
gal tire
dative
abl. ifteans
bist
oonj unction, manner
ne_
Bim
adverb of m n n e r
el ne
adverb of degree
--a
adverb of time
n©
bam
dative
ubl. apeoification
adverb of m i m e r
unrilr&e
inne
adverb of lace
untie ■ wealle
dative
abl. place where
Hr
adverb o £ ziim
pa
..dverb ox time
wr&olioe
adverb of manner
hwar
adverb of ijlae©
bonne
c onj un o felon, ti me
ponne
oonj une tion, time
leng
uiverb w of time, comparative
ne
_
mid. magma
dative
abl. accompaniment
■m
adverb of manner
.
Ixx
Adverbial Lxpreosicm
Construction*
8axon
3066. hJWulfe
native
Anglo*
66. Jm
67. ne
66* l>urfi livm t
accusative
69.
adverb of manner
Jim
a onjune t ion, time
69. oj} dug
69. dXope
70* i)&$r
acousative
adverb of manner
adverb of place
71. eynnusoi
79. h© rgi.ua
7 j . he 1 lboxtduR
dative
73 * v/ommum
74. nmm
75. Sr
77.
77.
78*
78*
oft
Lilian
aim
ue
Corrsapondxri.:, const*
in Latin.
abl. specification
abl. m n n e r
a oc * ftlr o o t o bj .
gen. w. a d j .
abl.
place where
dative
dative
ablative of means
abl* means
dativ©
negu ,ive adverb in the verb
adverb of time
adverb of time
abl# cause
dative
o onj uno t ion t znanne r
indirect object
da bive
79. n©
81 • rm
o onj uric tion ? place
adverb time
83- v/ioum
dative
da uive
83* oa woraldende
adverb of ioanner
85# griiam©
83# to
adverb of degree
86. £$rder
.adverb of place
a civor b o i plan©
87 • pear
87• inne
adverb place
c otiJ une tion* time
88* pa
88« me
dative
89* n e ^ X e a
negative adverb
adverb of manner
89* swsslioe
90. inn
adverb of place
90. under ©orSwoail at ousativ©
90* on ofoat©
dative
91. mid wantkxm
dative
92* hider
adverb of place
92# ut
adverb of place
9 3* e^ninge
dative
93* ©a
adverb time
adverb degree
93. gena
Q2 . r>Sr
8 2 . long©
95. on gohJo
96* mftejr disdusi
97* in bSloted©
99# wTd©
99* goond ©ordan
3100 • jpenden
01. nu
01* sXS m
02» seen
08. s©dean
03* under wealle
dative
abl. place where
acc. I f f t of time
indirect object
aco# ©nd of motion
adverb of manner
abl. of laoans
indirect objcot
ablative mann e r
da tive
ablative oauee
dative
abl* place where
adverb of place
a .curative
ac q • extent space conjunction* time
adverb time
dative
abl • time when
infinitive of purpose wi th v orb efstan
infinitive of purpose with verb ofatan
dative
abl# place where
Adverbi#1
Construction Ai^slo-
»©4* £g»
©onjuaotlan* cause
adverb of place
adverb at maimer
oonjunetion* tie#
adverb ©1 plae#
adverb of tie#
©©njunofcion* plae#
tvtft of tie#
dativ©
adverb of tin#
dative
adV* of plae#
dative
adverb of timm
adverb of if##
conjunction, H e #
dative
accusative
dative
dativ#
adverb tie#
dative
adverb of maimer
accusative
dative
dative
negative adverb in
adverb of tie#
dative
oonjunetion, ti##
dativ#
adverb of dd&ie#
adverb of m x # i
adverb of place
adverb # p « t
accusative
aenueative
dative
dative
adverb of tie#
dative
dative
dativ©
dativ#
##s$jtastetl#&« aaiuMM
adverb of tie#
adverb of plae#
adverb of tie#
dativ#
dative
dative
oonjun©tion, tin#
04*
06*
06*
06*
Of*
.■06*
08*
Of*
10*
11*
16*
14*
14*
1#*
If*
neea
rdf#
hmmm
at
Mas#
bar
loni
on, were
5a
» 0 m pa i
god## f#iE6!
4f^ew
wm
art
5anna
If* etrengtwi ^
18* ofer eoildweall
If*
If*
f8 v iire o a rw u #
fte n a
20,
21*
22*
26*
24*.
28*
26*
2#*
2#*
3f
26*
26
lim
©£ fMHBiM
tQfffliwftft
under inwithrtTf
onhhzutda
©ti orde
MK
§8
on hlyta#
oyd&aai
on ©el#
lyt
jtfootlXe#
30 St
31* #0
32 of#rj##an#lJtf
34 ©a ^m i
36* to W m m m m m & m m
3f
m
38* on e^flaa
30 helmuaa
30 hildebordum
-40 ^yrnvm
40
41*
41 toniiddee
I#
48
43 ©» b® QWW9
4% @|tf ewlo&ele
wope
4V •»
Cerrespending ©onet,
in latia
ab* plae* where
dat* with verb order
abl* flat# where
abl*separation
abl* m esas
abl* separation
ace. end of met!##
ab* plae# where
abl* place where
verb
ab** manner
abl* -pi a co Were
a#©* eeeondary
ace* end of motion
abl* place wiser#
dative refer#### .
abl* plaoe where
abl* opoolfioilios
abl* epocifloatlc#
abl* -specification
ablative* place where
abl,
where
abl* aco ompsm&ment
Inocii
Adverbial expression
3X47*
48*
49*
48,
91*
53*
55 •
56*
57 m
06 *
59 m
59*
61*
01.
63*
84*
64*
87*
67*
67*
67*
68*
oa
on hr e ore
modoeare
higum
ssftar BXcmulf©
geneahh©
rioe
da
on hJLid©
6en&uxs
wTde
on dagurn
weall©
awa
on beorg
on horde
rr
^
on greote
m £
nE
gen
el dura
^
68* oym *. • &mi
68* 5ror
69*
69rn ymbe hlSmr
70. ealra
79. ywb war
74* d ’jjguduiia
7 * am
.76. v/ordujH
76. forbSum
76* ponne
77* iTpiiamaai
78* a m
83* feodum
Construction Anglo-
Corresponding const
Saxon
in Latin
adverb or time
abl* place ¥h@r@
dative
abl* manner
dative
abl * place wher©
ii:..tiv©
a o1 * place where
dative
adverb of ifianner
abl • means
dative
adverb of tine
da tive
abl • place where
dative
a dative of vetorenoe
adverb of manner
ua civ o
ablative time whoa
oatis
dative
Eve* of
d conjunotion, manner
chOO e end of motion
accusative
abl* place whore
dative
adverb of time
dative
abl* place where
conjunction, place
adverb of time
adverb of degree
da tive
d-nt* ?/. atij .'imaeXes©
adverb of comparison
adverb © i time, aoap&rative
adverb of time
accusative
i..i.
accusative
dative
c*onj uno ti on f manner
dati ve
dative
conjunction, time
da b i w
.adverb of manner
da tive
obj •
abl* manner
abl* mannc v
abl. marmo r
abl* separation
dative w* adj. epee.