Chapter 6: The Skeletal System
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
What are the cells found within an osteon?
osteoblasts
osteocytes
epiphysealcytes
chondrocytes
B
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
During endochondral ossification
hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.
osteoclasts break down bone.
epiphyseal disks disappear.
simple fractures are more common.
C
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which are the bone-forming cells?
osteocytes
chondrocytes
osteoblasts
epiphysealcytes
C
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is a function of the skeleton?
produces blood cells
provides sites for muscle attachment
protects internal organs
all of these
D
figure 6.1
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5. Which letter in figure 6.1 points to the epiphysis?
Ans: a
6. Which letter in figure 6.1 points to the articular cartilage?
Ans: c
7. Which letter in figure 6.1 points to the yellow marrow?
Ans: b
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The medullary cavity contains
yellow marrow.
spongy bone.
the periosteum.
red marrow.
A
9.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Red marrow
produces blood cells.
is located in the spongy bone.
is located in the epiphyseal disk.
produces blood cells and is located in the spongy bone.
D
10.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
__________ is a flattened or shallow surface.
Foramen
Fossa
Trochanter
Condyle
B
11.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
__________ is a rounded opening through a bone.
Foramen
Fossa
Trochanter
Condyle
A
12.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
__________ is a large, rounded articulating knob.
Foramen
Fossa
Trochanter
Condyle
D
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13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
__________ is a massive process found only on the femur.
Foramen
Fossa
Trochanter
Condyle
C
14.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is found in the axial skeleton?
metacarpals
skull
femur
metacarpals and femur
B
figure 6.2
15. Which letter in figure 6.2 points to the clavicle?
Ans: b
16. Which letter in figure 6.2 points to the fibula?
Ans: c
17. Which letter in figure 6.2 points to the coccyx?
Ans: a
18. Which letter in figure 6.2 points to the ulna?
Ans: e
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19. Which letter in figure 6.2 points to the patella?
Ans: d
20.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The mandible is
a facial bone.
part of the skull.
movable.
described by all of these characteristics.
D
figure 6.3
21. Which letter in figure 6.3 points to the frontal bone?
Ans: c
22. Which letter in figure 6.3 points to the occipital bone?
Ans: b
23. Which letter in figure 6.3 points to the maxilla?
Ans: a
24.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The membrane soft spots of a newborn's skull
are synovial in nature.
occur only as a result of illness.
are called fontanels.
become foramina.
C
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figure 6.4
25. Which letter in figure 6.4 points to the thoracic curvature?
Ans: c
26. Which letter in figure 6.4 points to intervertebral disks?
Ans: b
27. Which letter in figure 6.4 points to intervertebral foramina?
Ans: a
28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is a function of the thoracic cage?
to protect the heart
to function in breathing
to support the bones of the shoulder
all of these
D
29.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Which ribs do not attach anteriorly?
true ribs
false ribs
floating ribs
C
30.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
The pectoral girdle
is the shoulder girdle.
contains the clavicles.
contains the scapula.
is described by all of these characteristics.
D
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figure 6.5 (anterior view)
31. Which letter in figure 6.5 points to the radius?
Ans: c
32. Which letter in figure 6.5 points to a metacarpal?
Ans: d
33. Which letter in figure 6.5 points to the ulna?
Ans: b
34. Which letter in figure 6.5 points to the humerus?
Ans: a
figure 6.6
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35. Which letter in figure 6.6 points to the ilium?
Ans: b
36. Which letter in figure 6.6 points to the phalanges?
Ans: a
37. Which letter in figure 6.6 points to the fibula?
Ans: d
38. Which letter in figure 6.6 points to the tibia?
Ans: c
39.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
An elbow is an example of a __________ joint.
ball-and-socket
hinge
gliding
pivot
B
40.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
A hip is an example of a __________ joint.
ball-and-socket
hinge
gliding
pivot
A
41.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Atlas and axis are example of a __________ joint.
ball-and-socket
hinge
gliding
pivot
D
42.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
A wrist is an example of a __________ joint.
ball-and-socket
hinge
gliding
pivot
C
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43.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Sutures occur mainly in the
skull.
pelvic girdle.
pectoral girdle.
pelvic girdle and the pectoral girdle.
A
44.
A)
B)
C)
Ans:
Bursae are
membranes.
types of joints.
fluid-filled sacs.
C
45. Describe the types of fractures.
Ans: Simple - broken bone does not pierce the skin
Compound - broken ends pierce through the skin
Complete - bone is broken in two pieces
Incomplete - bone is broken but not separated into two parts
Impacted - broken ends are wedged into each other
Comminuted - bone breaks into several fragments
Spiral - ragged break due to twisting of bone
46. List the steps in the repair of a fracture.
Ans: The steps in the repair of a fracture are:
1. hematoma
2. fibrocartilage callus
3. bony callus
4. remodeling
47. List the variety of sutures, giving their locations.
Ans: Sagittal suture - found between the parietal bones
Coronal suture - found between parietal bones and frontal bone
Lambdoidal suture - found between parietal bones and occipital bone
Squamosal suture - found between each parietal bone and each temporal bone
48. How does aging affect the bone and cartilage? Explain in detail.
Ans: See text.
49. Older persons tend to have osteoarthritis. What changes in the bone cause this
condition?
Ans: The articular cartilage softens, cracks and wears away, making the joint unable to glide
smoothly. The joint swells and becomes painful.
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50. Women develop osteoporosis more than men. Explain.
Ans: The hormone estrogen helps to retain calcium in the bone. After menopause women
tend to develop osteoporosis due to the reduction in the level of the hormone estrogen.
51. Distinguish between lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis.
Ans: Lordosis = exaggerated lumbar curvature (swayback)
Kyphosis = increased roundness of thoracic curvature (hunchback)
Scoliosis = lateral (side-to-side) curvature of the spinal column (twisted disease)
52. Give one example each of an immovable, slightly movable, and freely movable joint.
Ans: See text.
53. Distinguish between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis with regard to structural
changes and causes.
Ans: Rheumatoid arthritis results when the synovial membranes become inflamed and grow
thicker. The joint may even become immovable. Osteoarthritis is brought on by an
autoimmune reaction that causes degeneration of the articular cartilages at the ends of
bone and may result in bones becoming rough and irregular.
54. Give four examples of how the skeleton protects internal organs.
Ans: 1. The skull protects the brain.
2. The vertebral column protects the spinal cord.
3. The thoracic cage protects the lungs and heart.
4. The pelvis protects the urinary bladder and the internal reproductive organs.
55. How could you differentiate between the skeletons of a tall adolescent and a short adult?
Assume the skeletons are the same size.
Ans: The limb bones of the adolescent skeleton would still have epiphyseal disks, whereas
the limb bones of the adult skeleton would not.
56. List the steps in the growth and development of a long bone.
Ans: 1. A primary ossification center develops in the center of the diaphysis of the
cartilage model.
2. Compact bone develops around the medullary cavity.
3. Secondary ossification centers develop in the epiphyses.
4. Epiphyseal disks develop in the epiphyses.
5. Eventually the epiphyseal disks disappear and the bone stops growing.
57. List the five types of vertebrae and their numbers.
Ans: 1. Cervical — 7
2. Thoracic — 12
3. Lumbar — 5
4. Sacral — 5 fused
5. Coccygeal — 3 to 5 fused
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58.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which cell is found within a lacuna?
osteoblast
osteoclast
osteocyte
All of these choices are correct.
C
59.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which would form by way of intramembranous ossification?
humerus
metacarpal
frontal bone
clavicle
C
60.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ans:
Which is not a feature of compact bone?
lacunae
lamellae
trabeculae
ostea
C
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