Annual Report FY14
South Asia
Water Initiative
Annual Report from the
World Bank to Trust Fund Donors
July 1, 2013 – June 30, 2014
1 July 2013 – 30 June 2014
I
South Asia Water Initiative
Cover photographs: World Bank, Arijit Banerjee, Genevieve Connors
Annual Report FY14
South Asia
Water Initiative
Annual Report from the
World Bank to Trust Fund Donors
July 1, 2013 – June 30, 2014
III
South Asia Water Initiative
ACRONYMS
ADD
Abu Dhabi Dialogue
ADD-KF
ADD Knowledge Forum
BIB
Bhutan-India-Bangladesh
CCSA
Cross-Cutting Solution Area
CoP
Community of Practice
CPCB
Central Pollution Control Board (India)
CSIRO
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
DFAT
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
ENRM
Environment and Natural Resource Management
EOFY
End of Fiscal Year
FY14
Fiscal Year 14 (1 July 2013 – 30 June 2014)
GIS
Geographic Information System
GKC
Ganga Knowledge Center (India)
GMRC Glacier Monitoring Research Center
GP
Global Practice
HEP
Hydro Electric Power
ICIMOD
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development
IIT
Indian Institute of Technology
IWRM
Integrated Water Resource Management
JEC
Afghanistan-Pakistan Joint Economic Commission
KBHCD
Kunar Basin Hydropower Cascade Development
MDTF
Multi Donor Trust Fund
NIB
Nepal-India-Bangladesh
SAWI
South Asia Water Initiative
SBA
Strategic Basin Assessment
SGP
Small Grants Program
SURR
Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience
TAP
Technical Assessment Panel
WAPDA
Water and Power Development Authority
Annual Report FY14
Table of Contents
FOREWORD........................................................................................................................................... vii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..............................................................................................................................1
SAWI Phase 2.......................................................................................................................................1
SAWI Phase 1.......................................................................................................................................2
OPERATING CONTEXT.............................................................................................................................3
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT.......................................................................................................................6
SUMMARY OF PROGRESS........................................................................................................................7
INDUS BASIN...........................................................................................................................................9
Objective.............................................................................................................................................9
Overview of Progress............................................................................................................................9
GANGES BASIN.....................................................................................................................................13
Objective...........................................................................................................................................13
Overview of Progress..........................................................................................................................13
BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN............................................................................................................................16
Objective...........................................................................................................................................16
Overview of Progress..........................................................................................................................16
SUNDARBANS LANDSCAPE....................................................................................................................19
Objective...........................................................................................................................................19
Overview of Progress..........................................................................................................................19
REGIONAL CROSS-CUTTING.................................................................................................................22
Objective...........................................................................................................................................22
Overview of Progress..........................................................................................................................22
SAWI Phase 1.......................................................................................................................................26
Progress on Remaining SAWI Phase 1 Activities....................................................................................26
Small Grants Program........................................................................................................................27
FINANCIAL REPORT...............................................................................................................................28
Annex 1: SAWI Phase 2: Unaudited Trust Fund Financial Report................................................................30
Annex 2: SAWI Phase 1 MDTF: Unaudited Trust Fund Financial Report.......................................................33
Annex 3: South Asia Water Initiative (SAWI) Results Framework 2014-17...................................................35
Definitions..........................................................................................................................................35
Outcome and Result Indicators............................................................................................................36
Program and Focus Area Indicator Targets...........................................................................................37
Annex 4: SAWI Publications.....................................................................................................................43
Books and Reports..............................................................................................................................43
Infographics and Documentaries.........................................................................................................44
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South Asia Water Initiative
Annual Report FY14
FOREWORD
The vast majority of South Asia’s water resources originates in the Himalaya; they flow towards
the sea through the major rivers of the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra, each of which span four
countries. Water availability is highly variable – seasonally because of the monsoon which delivers
80 percent of annual rainfall in three months of the years, between years because of moderately
high climate variability; and long-term because of a rapidly changing climate that is already altering the patterns and amounts of precipitation and glacial dynamics that play a key role in the
regional water cycle.
South Asia is also the most populous and densely populated region of the globe, which places
a high demand on available water resources. Water resource development is variable across
the region, with major irrigation development (surface and groundwater) in Pakistan and India,
and important hydropower developments in the headwaters, but limited development elsewhere,
especially in terms of infrastructure. Much of the region’s sustainable hydropower potential is untapped, river navigation is largely undeveloped, system storage capability is low, and water supply
and sanitation are below necessary levels in many areas. Sustainably developing the region’s water resources requires investment in data and technical analyses, investment in new infrastructure
and improved water planning and management. Enabling a higher degree of regional cooperation over water resource development calls for better and openly shared data and information,
higher levels of trust and transparency, and forums for dialogue and negotiation.
In 2009, the South Asia Water Initiative (SAWI) was established as a multi-donor trust fund managed by the World Bank and supported by the governments of the United Kingdom, Australia and
Norway to increase regional cooperation in water management. Following a positive independent
performance review in 2012, the parties to the trust fund agreed to continue support for the program for a further five years,with increased investment, and with the specific objective to increase
regional cooperation in the management of the major Himalayan river systems in South Asia to
deliver sustainable, fair and inclusive development and climate resilience. A new trust fund was
formally established in December 2012. The Annual Report for FY13 was essentially a completion report for the first phase of the program. It also reported on the framing of the second phase
based on the work in the first half of 2013, which focused on strategy development.
This Annual Report for FY14 is the first full annual report for the second phase of SAWI and covers the period from 1 July 2013 to 30 June 2014. The report is structured around the five “Focus
Areas” of SAWI: the Indus Basin, the Ganges Basin, the Brahmaputra Basin, the Sundarbans
Landscape, and a Regional Cross-Cutting Focus Area.This report also includes a section on activities from the first phase of SAWI that were formally completed in the last fiscal year (July-June). It
concludes with a financial report on Program and Focus Area income, commitments and expenditure to date compared to the approved indicative program budget.
Akihiko Nishio
Director, Operational Policy and Country Services
World Bank, South Asia Region
VII
South Asia Water Initiative
Annual Report FY14
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SAWI Phase 2
In FY14, key foundations for the second phase of SAWI were set and several important activities
commenced. Key foundations included appointment of new program staff – a Program Manager
and Communications Officer (both based in the New Delhi office). Strategies for the program
and its five Focus Areas were finalized and approved.
The strategies lay out high-level objectives and planned areas of activity for the Program and
Focus Areas, and provide an assessment and mitigation of key risks to program success. The
strategies were developed based on extensive consultation with key stakeholders and are
available on the program website (www.southasiawateriniative.org). At the request of the trust
fund donors, the original results framework for the Program was revised in FY14 to be more
clear and realistic, whilst remaining tightly focused on the original objective to increase regional
cooperation in the management of the major Himalayan river systems to deliver sustainable, fair
and inclusive development and climate resilience. The revised results framework (Annex 3) has
been endorsed by donors and is used to frame progress reporting in this Annual Report.
Important SAWI Phase 2 activities that commenced in FY14 include:
• Establishment of the Indus Forum; a basin level sub-group of the Abu Dhabi Dialogue Group
– and the activities of this Forum, including a South-South Knowledge Exchange study tour to
Ecuador on the topic of regional cooperation on glacier monitoring;
• Preparation of a grant to the government of Pakistan for improved glacier monitoring;
• Analytical studies for the Kunar River Basin to guide planning for joint hydropower cascade
development by Afghanistan and Pakistan;
• Establishment of a modelling Community of Practice for the Ganges Basin and an associated
compilation of recent, current and planned basin modelling and models;
• Compilation and review of existing studies and data as the foundational work for a “State of
the Brahmaputra Basin” report;
• Development of new river basin models for the Brahmaputra and engagement with
policymakers around these models;
• Support to the preparation of a River Bank Improvement Project (loan) in Bangladesh;
• Support to the preparation of a Flood and Erosion Management Project (loan), in Assam,
India;
• Preparations for a study tour (conducted in July FY15) by Brahmaputra stakeholders to the
Yellow River in China, for knowledge exchange on flood and erosion management;
• Preparations for FY15 dialogue forums and international workshops on the Sundarbans;
• A review of transboundary water data sharing encompassing international best practice and
current practice and arrangement in South Asia;
• Development of the approach for a detailed SAWI stakeholder analysis; and
• Scoping of a new university training program in Integrated Water Resources Management.
Progress on these activities is described in this Annual Report and is compared against the FY14
targets of the revised results framework agreed to with donors in FY14. Assessed against these
targets, the progress for FY14 is considered satisfactory.
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South Asia Water Initiative
The anticipated meetings of the Indus Forum took place, however, the planned dialogue event
for the Sundarbans had to be delayed awaiting government approval. The study tour on glacier
monitoring was a successful example of an informal participatory process focused on knowledge
exchange. No other capacity building activities were undertaken in the reporting period (the
study tour to the Yellow River had to be postponed due to scheduling conflicts from May to July
2014), so the targets for professionals trained were not met. A lower than anticipated number of
knowledge products was finalized during the reporting period. Several analytical studies are well
advanced and will be finalized in early FY15. During FY14, the SAWI World Bank team was very
active in external engagement, connecting to other track II processes, consulting regularly with
Abu Dhabi Dialogue members and other key stakeholders, and engaging actively in knowledge
sharing forums, workshops and international conferences.
Many of the activities of the SAWI program will be implemented via a single World Bank
instrument—a programmatic approach for analytical studies, technical assistance and dialogue
support. The implementation of this programmatic approach will commence in FY15. The status
of the programmatic approach and the detailed FY15 work plan for the entire program was
presented at the annual meeting of the MDTF Committee in September 2014. This implementation
approach is a change from the prior approach that developed separate programmatic
approaches for each Focus Area. The change was a consequence of the change in management
responsibility for the trust fund, which took place during the management restructuring of the
World Bank in effect since July 2014.
In spite of overall satisfactory progress, World Bank restructuring also led to substantial changes
in the internal responsibilities and accountabilities for program implementation. These changes
slowed down the process of implementation of the programmatic design for several months.
During this period, implementation efforts were focused on the already approved stand-alone
activities.
By the end of FY14, around 14 percent of the total Phase 2 program funds were committed to
grants supporting planned activities. Total Phase 2 project disbursements at the end of FY14
were USD 1.59 million. Total expenditure including trust fund administration was USD 2.22
million or 77 percent of the FY14 planned expenditure of USD 2.9 million.
SAWI Phase 1
A number of SAWI I activities was completed and formally closed in FY14. These included the
(i) Responsible Sourcing Initiative Phase II; (ii) the project on Improving Water Management in
the Gorai River Basin; (iii) the project in India on Sustainable Development of Hydropower –
Strengthening Monitoring and Institutional Mechanisms for Appropriate In-stream Flow; and (iv)
the ICIMOD-administered Small Grants Program.
During FY14, a number of important outputs from SAWI Phase 1 were finalized for publication,
including the following reports:(i) the Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment, (ii) research outcomes
of the Small Grants Program, (iii) Monitoring of Glaciers, Climate, and Runoff in the Hindu KushHimalaya Mountains, (iv) The Bangladesh Responsible Sourcing Initiative: A Model for Green
Growth, and (iv) Climate Risks and Adaptions in the Sundarbans. An independent evaluation of
the Small Grants Program was conducted and a review report was produced.
There was a small investment income for the SAWI Phase 1 fund in FY14 and total (net)
disbursements of USD 0.2 million on FY14 residual activities. The SAWI Phase 1 trust fund has
been closed and the residual USD 3.7 million was transferred to the SAWI Phase 2 trust fund.
Annual Report FY14
OPERATING CONTEXT
SAWI is a regional program that addresses priority water management issues across the seven
countries sharing the river basins of the Great Himalaya. Country priorities shift with the changes
of government. Over the past two fiscal years, the regional political landscape has changed. In
FY13, there were changes of government in China (November 2012), Bhutan and Pakistan (both
May 2013). In FY14, there were changes of government and/or elections in the remaining SAWI
countries (Afghanistan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh). The general trend of new government
priorities in the region is toward a greater focus on water resources as a factor for growth and
increased openness for cross-country dialogue.
Afghanistan
Afghanistan continues to be a country in transition, with capacity building and support necessary in many sectors, including water resources management. The devastating floods in May
in the northern Badakshan province highlighted capacity and infrastructure challenges associated with providing rapid relief to affected populations following severe natural disasters.
While occasional border skirmishes occur along the Durand Line, Afghanistan maintains good
economic relations with its South Asian neighbors. In the context of the World Bank supported
CASA1000 project, Pakistan and Afghanistan are cooperating to establish a transmission line
for electricity trade from Central Asia to South Asia. The Afghanistan-Pakistan Joint Economic
Commission meets regularly to strengthen economic relations and promote peace and stability; at their February meeting the countries reiterated agreement to cooperate on the development of the water resources of the Kunar River Basin.
Bangladesh
The political situation in Bangladesh remained unstable due to the fallout between ruling and
opposition parties over the war crimes trial against Jamaat-e-Islami. The Teesta water sharing
agreement remains a topic of discussion between Bangladesh and India. While in India, Mamata Banerjee, Chief Minister of West Bengal, has not yet given consent, Dhaka has reiterated
its commitment and interest in expediting the treaty as soon as possible.
Bhutan
Bhutan conducted its second general elections in May–July 2013, after the former King initiated democratic reforms. Socioeconomic development continued to be positive and economic
growth sustained at 8.5 percent. FY14 brought positive development in Bhutan’s hydropower
sector. India agreed to build four new joint-venture hydropower projects in Bhutan, expected to
generate 2120MW. The Asian Development Bank began working with Norway and Japan to
assist Bhutan for enhanced management of its clean energy and water resources.
China
China maintained strong economic growth (7.7 percent in 2013) while increasingly embracing
policies for environmentally sustainable growth. China shares 40 major transboundary watercourses with 16 countries and has entered into a number of water-related agreements with its
neighbors, primarily for its northern rivers. China extended its data sharing arrangements with
its southern neighbors. At its annual meeting on June 30, 2014, theIndia-China Expert Level
Mechanism on Trans-Border Rivers extended the high-flow season data sharing protocol for
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NOSHIQ, ICIMOD
South Asia Water Initiative
The Hindu Kush Himalaya
Yarlung-Tsangpo Brahmaputra River by 15 days to 15 May-15 October of each year. China will
also share hydrological information if water levels at the three measuring stations are close to
or reach warning water levels in non-flood season. India will share information on data use in
flood forecasting and mitigation and information on related hydrological stations.
India
In India, devastating floods in Uttarakhand and Assam in June and July 2013 were followed by
tropical cyclone Phailin (the strongest in 14 years) that hit coastal Odisha and Andhra Pradesh
in October. Phailin caused severe property damage but evacuation of nearly one million people
(aided by World Bank support for disaster preparation, including building shelters, planning
evacuations, strengthening embankments and conducting drills) greatly minimized the loss of
life. Preparations for general elections caused heightened political activity and a slow-down in
policymaking. The elections in April/May 2014 changed the political landscape significantly with
the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) coming into power with a strong majority. This is expected to stabilize the political environment for the next five years. Prime Minister Modi was sworn-in amidst
the presence of all Heads of States from SAARC countries. Prime Minister Modi declared the
neighborhood as his top foreign policy priority. He subsequently visited Bhutan and Nepal and
Foreign Minister Swaraj visited Bangladesh. However, efforts to finalize the Teesta agreement
have been unsuccessful so far. The renewed focus by the Modi government on the interlinking
of rivers raised river sharing concerns in Bangladesh. The new government made the cleaning
of the Ganga and development of inland waterway navigation high priorities and moved the
Ganga Cleanup Program from the Ministry of Environment and Forests to a broadened Ministry
of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation. Prime Minister Modi established a group of Ministers supported by a Committee of departmental secretaries to prepare
a plan for Ganga rejuvenation by December 2014. In July 2014, Prime Minister Modi met with
the President of the World Bank and agreed on six strategic areas for new World Bank support
over the coming years; most relevant to SAWI is the request to scale up support for improved
management of the Ganga Basin. The priority placed on cleaning the Ganga has sparked considerable interest internationally, with many national governments offering support to India for
meeting this challenge.
Annual Report FY14
Nepal
In Nepal, Constituent Assembly elections were held in November 2013. The Nepali Congress,
the country’s oldest party, which favors close ties with India, emerged as the largest party, and
with Parliamentary support its leader was elected as Prime Minister. However, requiring a twothird majority for its adoption, the political uncertainty over achieving a new constitution continues. A 50-week program of cleaning the Bhagmati River that flows into the Kosi and then to the
Ganges in India showed significant results. Over 900 metric tons of waste was removed from the
Bhagmati and its banks, and the sewerage lines, which were earlier directly mixed into the river,
are now being managed. Efforts to finalize Pancheshwar Multipurpose Hydrowpower Project in
cooperation with India have resumed following Prime Minister Modi’s visit to Nepal in August
2014. The project terms of reference, which are based on the 1996 Mahakali Treaty, have been
finalized and India may offer to facilitate financing through a line of credit. Active negotiations
are underway on a power trade agreement between Nepal and India. While the first draft from
India sparked some Nepali concern, Prime Minister Modi’s visit set a positive tone for continued
negotiations and saw a commitment to quickly finalize the agreement.
Pakistan
In Pakistan, the government of Nawaz Sharif, elected Prime Minister with an overwhelming
majority in June 2013, faces decreasing support from the country’s military and population,
which may affect its capacity to implement its policy priorities. Nonetheless, water resources
management remains key for economic and social development in Pakistan. Annual per capita
water availability has declined to 964 m3 per person from 5,650 m3 per person in 1947, and
groundwater extraction for agriculture above the level of natural recharge aggravates water
availability and has caused significant contamination. At a Pakistan Water Summit in March,
the Minister for Planning, Development and Reforms recognized the need to formulate and
implement an effective water management policy and reiterated the interest in resolution of
water disputes with India. On the Indus, the Kishenganga Arbitration final award (December
2013) decided the question of the minimum flow to be released by India into the Kishengagna/
Neelum after the earlier partial award determined that the Kishenganga HEP constitutes a runof-the river plant within the meaning of the Indus Water Treaty. Pakistan currently continues to
contest other HEP projects planned by India: the 850 MW Ratle, 1000MW Pakal Dul, 120MW
Miyar and the 48MW Lower Kalnai plants.
The changes in the political landscape of the past year present opportunities and risks for SAWI.
The policy focus of the Modi government on rivers (Ganga river-clean-up and interlinking and
inland water transport) opens opportunities for close engagement with the Indian central and
state governments, both through continued support to the Ganga clean-up project and on new
issue areas linked to integrated water resources and basin management. The declared willingness
to revive regional cooperation in the SAARC context also opens opportunities for cross-border
initiatives and bodes well for initiatives such as the ongoing Nepal-India-Bangladesh and BhutanIndia-Bangladesh water dialogues started by the previous government in India—initiatives to
which SAWI has clear programmatic links. The increasing interest of China to engage as a
“good neighbor” offers new opportunities for technical knowledge exchange, especially in the
Brahmaputra Basin. A request to India for a follow-up exchange after the Yellow River study tour
has already been received and accepted. However, relations over water remain tense between
India and Pakistan; the betterment in relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan will provide
better opportunities for engagement on that part of the Indus Basin. Part of this engagement
will depend on the final outcome of the elections in Afghanistan and the policy priorities of the
new government.
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South Asia Water Initiative
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
In FY14, SAWI was managed from within the Environment and Water Sector of the South Asia
Department for Sustainable Development. Program leadership, coordination and Trust Fund
management were provided by a Lead Water Resources Management Specialist (Bill Young)
under the managerial oversight of the Sector Manager (Herbert Acquay). A SAWI Core Team
consisting of the Lead Water Resources Management Specialist, the Focus Area Leaders and the
Communications Expert coordinated program implementation, drawing on experts and staff
from the Environment and Water Sector and other sector departments. This coordination ensures
coordination across the Focus Areas in a way that maximizes the likelihood of achieving the
overall development objective. During FY14, internal collaboration websites were established to
raise the profile of the program within the World Bank, improve internal information sharing and
team coordination. A two-day planning workshop for the team was held in December 2014 to
develop the programmatic design for activity implementation.
As a result of the World Bank restructuring, internal management arrangements for SAWI will
change from FY15 onwards. From July 1, 2014, 14 Global Practices (GPs) and five CrossCutting Solution Areas (CCSA) will complement existing World Bank Group strengths with the
ability to generate, share, and deploy knowledge and expertise globally. As a regional, multisectoral trustfund program, SAWI will move to the “Front Office” of the South Asia Regional Vice
President, with overall managerial responsibility sitting with the Director, Strategy and Operations
(Akihiko Nishio). The SAR Regional Trust Fund Adviser (Nicolette Bowyer-Walker) will manage
trust fund administration and hold fiduciary responsibility, while program technical leadership
and coordination will remain with the Lead Water Resources Management Specialist (Bill Young).
The program will be implemented by several of the new Global Practices.
The program will be implemented through the Water GP, in collaboration and with significant
contributions from the Environment and Natural Resource Management (ENRM) GP, the Energy
GP and the Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience (SURR) GP, which incorporates the World Bank’s
work on climate change and disaster management in South Asia. A World Bank-internal SAWI
Steering Committee, chaired by the Director, Strategy and Operations, will be established to
provide coordination across the GPs and with the Front Office. The SAWI Steering Committee
will have an advisory and coordinating function only; decision making and approvals will be
made in according to the World Bank’s standard decision processes.
The Chief Economist from the Regional Front Office (Martin Rama) will oversee internal review
and quality control of activities and program review processes, chair the Annual Meetings of
the MDTF Committee and participate in the SAWI Steering Committee process. The Director,
Regional Integration for South Asia (Salman Zaheer) will play a key advisory role for SAWI both
via membership of the SAWI Steering Committee and by providing the World Bank’s managerial
oversight to the SAWI regional dialogue processes. The senior management engagement in
SAWI reflects the recognition of the strategic importance of SAWI to the World Bank’s regional
program and the relevance of the program to the World Bank’s regional strategy.
Annual Report FY14
SUMMARY OF PROGRESS
In this report, implementation progress is described and is reported against the agreed results
framework, which is provided in Annex 3. Relative to the agreed targets, progress for FY14 is
considered satisfactory. The anticipated meetings of the Indus Forum took place, however, the
planned dialogue event for the Sundarbans had to be delayed awaiting government approval.
The study tour on glacier monitoring was a successful example of an informal participatory
process focused on knowledge exchange, as was the study tour to the Yellow River in China (that
occurred in the first week of FY15). The expected number of knowledge products was finalized
during the reporting period. Several other analytical studies are well advanced and will be
finalized in early FY15. In addition, seven significant reports from SAWI Phase I were finalized
and published during FY14. A summary of progress against the indicators and first-year targets
is presented in Table 1. More detailed descriptions of implementation progress are provided for
each Focus Area in the sections below.
WORLD BANK
In spite of satisfactory progress overall, the restructuring of the World Bank during 2014 led
to a change in the agreed process for program implementation and substantial changes in
the internal responsibilities and accountabilities for program implementation. These changes
slowed down the process of implementation of the programmatic design for several months;
during this period implementation efforts were focused on the already approved stand-alone
activities.
The Brahmaputra in flood
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South Asia Water Initiative
Table 1: Progress summary: results indicators and target values for FY14. The first
value is the value achieved for FY14; the second value is the results framework target
value. Values in green indicate the target was met or exceeded; values in red indicate
the target was not met.
Results indicators
I
G
B
S
X
1.1 Number of regional and basin/landscape
dialogue meetings facilitated by SAWI
2.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape or
sub-basin level participatory processes that
support transboundary knowledge generation
& sharing and stakeholder input to government
decision making
2/2
0/0
0/0
0/1
0/0
2/3
1/0
0/0
1/1
0/0
0/0
2/1
16/0
0/0
8/8
0/0
0/12
24/20
3.2 Number of key water management
organizations with technical capacity
strengthened by SAWI activities in areas relevant
to basin scale planning or regional cooperation
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0
4.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape or
sub-basin-level knowledge products produced
and shared with stakeholders including decision
makers
2/1
0/0
2/1
0/0
0/1
4/3
5.1 Number of regional, basin or sub-basinlevel feasibility studies or intervention designs
informed by SAWI activities
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
3.1 Number of professionals trained in the
aspects of water management, water policy
or water diplomacy relevant to basin scale
planning and management or regional
cooperation
Note: I: Indus; G: Ganges; B: Brahmaputra; S: Sundarbans; X: Regional Cross-cutting
Total
Annual Report FY14
INDUS BASIN
Objective
The SAWI objective for the Indus Basin Focus Area is to strengthen water resources management
and coordination among riparian countries to improve water and energy security. The two specific
goals in support of this objective are to: (i) strengthen knowledge and capacity for long-term
basin development and investment planning; and (ii) support investments and capacity building
for improved water and energy security in the basin.
Overview of Progress
Activities
During the first half of FY14, the Focus Area strategy was finalized and approved by World
Bank management and donor partners. Consultations on the strategy began with country
representatives during a meeting of the Indus Forum (formerly known as the Abu Dhabi Dialogue
Indus Group) in Afghanistan in FY13 (June 2013) and were continued in FY14 during a mission
to Pakistan in November 2013.
Several stand-alone activities were implemented in FY14 under the Indus Basin Focus Area.
These included the continuation of the basin-dialogue of the Indus Forum, a South-South
knowledge exchange study tour to Ecuador on regional glacier monitoring, analytical work to
inform hydropower cascade development in the Kunar sub-basin and support to WADPA to
strengthen its Glacier Monitoring Research Center (GMRC).
A study tour of government officials and technical experts from the four Indus riparian countries to
Ecuador took place in January 2014. Under the theme Climate Change and Glacier Monitoring,
the study tour visited institutions participating in the Regional Adaptation to the Impact of Rapid
Glacier Retreat in the Tropical Andes Project (PRAA). The study tour included a visit to Antisana
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South Asia Water Initiative
Participants in the South-South Knowledge Exchange study tour to Ecuador on the topic of
regional cooperation on glacier monitoring
Glacier, whose monitoring stations, installed at over 4,000 meters above sea level, are amongst
the very few located near and directly above the glacier surface. The delegation also visited
some of the on-the-ground adaptation activities being implemented under the leadership of
Ecuador’s Ministry of Environment, such as “páramo” (high Andean moorland) protection and
restoration, and integrated water resources management sites. As a follow up to the study tour
the formation of a Technical Working Group on climate change impact on the Indus has been
agreed and preparations are underway for the third Indus Forum Meeting in Pakistan, in FY15.
(The second Indus Forum meeting took place on January 30, 2014 on the last day of the
participants visit to Ecuador.)
A separate report of the event was prepared and shared with SAWI donors. The visit was widely
covered in the South American and Spanish media and recognized in an editorial by a major
Indian daily newspaper; a web story on the initiative is available on the SAWI portal.
Pakistan Finance Minister Senator Ishaq Dar and his Afghan counterpart Dr Hazrat Omar
Zakhilwal met in August 2013 to explore ways to enhance bilateral trade and economic relations.
Annual Report FY14
The two sides agreed to begin cooperation on the development of a 1,500MW hydropower
cascade on the Kunar River. After entering Afghanistan from Pakistan, Chitral River becomes the
Kunar River which joins the Kabul River near Jalalabad and then re-enters Pakistan. The Kunar
River contributes nearly 75 percent of flows in the Kabul River and thus about 56 percent of all
net annual flows from Afghanistan into Pakistan.
Under the Indus Focus Area a series of studies on Kunar Basin hydropower cascade development
have been carried out with a view to support the two governments in their endeavor. The review
of existing feasibility studies, a comprehensive hydrologic basin assessment study and a political
economy analysis provide insights into possible tradeoffs between different development options.
The findings of the technical studies were presented to Afghan government representatives during
a workshop on global experience on the development of HEP in transboundary basins. The same
workshop will be offered to the Pakistan government and funding of additional training and
dialogue on the development of the shared basins of these two countries is planned in FY15.
As part of the Tarbela Fourth Extension Hydropower Project, it was envisaged that the establishment
of a glacier monitoring program would be crucial for the long term understanding of water and
energy security. The full cost for the establishment of a GMRC at WAPDA and modernization
of glacier monitoring network is envisaged to amount to USD 12 million. IDA made USD 6
million available through the Tarbela project. GMRC was supported during the preparation of
a SAWI grant for an additional USD 2 million to contribute to the glacier monitoring system.
Grant preparation has been finalized, however the grant is not being pursued since sufficient
funding for WAPDA/GMRC is currently available through the Tarbela project and from other
development partners.
Table 2: Progress summary for Indus Basin Focus Area activities
Activity
Progress
Glacier monitoring support to Water and
Power Development Authority (WAPDA),
Pakistan
Support to WAPDA/GMRC during preparation
of a recipient executed grant to WAPDA. The
grant was put on hold due to availability of
financial resources at WAPDA for GMRC
South-South Knowledge Exchange study tour
on regional glacier monitoring and climate
change to Ecuador
Conducted in January 2014. Report complete
and disseminated
Strategic analyses of hydropower potential of Mission to Afghanistan in Jan 2014 to scope
the Kunar Basin
analyses. Analyses completed and presented
to Afghan Government. Workshop on
Global Experience on HEP Development on
Transboundary Rivers held in Dubai (June
2014)
Institutional options for HEP development in
the Kunar Basin
Planned for FY15; background study prepared
Indus basin dialogue
Indus Form meeting conducted during
Ecuador study tour (January 2014)
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South Asia Water Initiative
Engagement
Engagement with riparian governments, research institutions and civil society stakeholders has
been ongoing throughout FY14. Consultations with representatives from the four Indus riparian
countries take place regularly through the Indus Forum. The team also participated in the IndiaPakistan water dialogue meeting coordinated by the Atlantic Council (March) and continues
coordination with this and other Track II dialogues related to the Indus waters; such as the Water
Security Game organized by the Skoll Global Threat Fund. The World Bank fielded several
missions to Pakistan, for consultations on the Indus strategy and on strengthening of glacier
monitoring capacity, as well as to participate in the Pakistan Water Summit in March 2014. A
scoping mission on Kunar HEP cascade development in January was followed up with a workshop
and consultations with the Afghan government in Dubai in June, with future consultations also
planned in Pakistan.Continued engagement with stakeholders is done through the country based
staff of the Indus Focus Area Team.
The World Bank team continued to coordinate with donor partners and their consultants (for
example, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) team
working on basin modeling) to avoid duplication and ensure complementarity of SAWI funding.
In the same context, the World Bank team ensures alignment and complementarity of Indus
Basin Focus Area activities with the World Bank portfolio in the Indus basin countries.
Finances
Four grants were established, total value USD 1.19 million, of which 61 percent was expended
in FY14 (63 percent since Phase 2 MDTF inception). This is 125 percent of the expenditure
anticipated for the year in the Focus Area strategy.
Annual Report FY14
GANGES BASIN
Objective
The objective of the Ganges Basin Focus Area is to improve the shared understanding,
management and development of the Ganges River Basin to support economic growth for the
riparian countries, and resilience to existing variability and climate change.
Overview of Progress
Activities
During FY14, the Ganges Basin Focus Area strategy was developed following consultation with
stakeholders in all riparian countries. It was subsequently finalized and approved by World Bank
management and donor partners. The strategy was shared with country representatives, donor
partners, civil society members, and World Bank staff active in the region, to ensure alignment
with ongoing and planned initiatives in the basin.
Work commenced on important foundational task for major Focus Area activities. As a part of
the planned Strategic Basin Planning activity for the Ganges in India (that will focus on river basin
modeling, surface-groundwater interactions and environmental flows), a baseline compilation
of all recent and current water modelling efforts in the Ganges Basin was undertaken. This
generated a database of 112 published papers and reports on Ganges modeling work and
identified around eight institutions across the world currently active in modeling the Ganges
Basin or key sub-basins. The lead modelers at these institutions were contacted and completed
a template describing the nature and purpose of their modeling work. This has provided a
valuable compilation of current modeling work in the Ganges Basin.
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South Asia Water Initiative
Multiple consultations were held on basin modelling and environmental flow assessments for the
Ganges to begin scoping the establishment of a basin modelling community of practice (CoP)
and to explore potential collaborations of environmental flows assessments. Consultations on
these issues were conducted with IIT Delhi, IWMI (Nepal, India and Sri Lanka), CSIRO (Australia),
eWater (Australia), NERC (UK), Oxford University (UK), Southampton University (UK), NGRBA
(India), IWM (Bangladesh), NIH (India) and Texas A&M University.
To test the value of a modeling community of practice, a survey was designed and completed
by nearly all the identified institutions. This confirmed the value in establishing a modeling CoP,
which was thus established. Initially the CoP is limited to an online space where members can
access and share information. Part of the CoP’s value to-date has been connecting all Ganges
modelers to enable informal interaction and sharing. In FY15, more work will be put into making
the CoP active, including an initial workshop to share modeling approaches and findings. Once
the CoP is well established and functioning, SAWI will provide opportunities for the CoP to
connect with key basin stakeholders through dialogue events. The CoP may be extended to
encompass environmental flow work, or this may commence as a separate but linked CoP.
With plans to provide significant technical support in environmental assessments and basin
planning to World Bank-financed HEP development in Nepal, work commenced to plan initial
river basin planning workshops in Nepal in early FY15. This has involved consultations with
WECS and the Department of Energy in Nepal and internal discussions with the World Bank’s
Nepal Energy team.
Table 3: Progress summary for Ganges Basin Focus Area activities
Activity
Progress
Strategic Basin Planning for the
Ganges in India
Basin modeling review completed. Modeling
Community of Practice established. Formal approval
pending via programmatic concept note
Preparation support to Hydrology
Project III in India (Ganges and
Brahmaputra states)
Contributions from SAWI team to preparation for
project workshop planned for early FY15. Grant
under preparation
Sustainable Water Resources
Development for HEP in Nepal
(Bank-executed)
Grant approved. Initial workshop planned for early
FY15
Sustainable Water Resources
Development for HEP in Nepal
(Recipient-executed)
Grant under preparation
Ganges Basin Dialogue
Multiple consultations conducted with key stakeholders
Engagement
Ganges Basin Focus Area engagement was ongoing throughout FY14. Multiple meetings
were had with ADD members in all riparian countries on multiple occasions. These have been
focused on strategy design and activity scoping, rather than being issue-focused dialogue
events. As described above, there was continuous engagement with research, academic and
applied technical institutions, exploring opportunities for collaboration and identifying potential
organizations to undertake contract work during program implementation.
At a government level, SAWI has strongest support and engagement in Bangladesh. The
relationship with the Government of India is strengthening, with increasing openness to
discussion on river basin planning and growing recognition that SAWI can support design and
Genevieve Connors
Annual Report FY14
The Maha Kumbh at Allahabad on River Ganges
implementation of important World Bank projects in the Ganges Basin, including the National
Ganga River Basin Project and the planned Hydrology Project III. In Nepal, SAWI does not yet
have strong government support—a legacy of the reaction by government and key commentators
to the Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment. Working in support of the World Bank’s Energy sector
in Nepal is expected to build a strong relationship with government, and in the context of the
current geopolitics of the region following the change of government in India, it is anticipated that
SAWI can offer important support to all countries as they engage in transboundary discussions
and negotiations relating to water.
Finances
One grant has been established (USD 0.35 million) for strategy preparation and activity design.
By the end of FY14 94 percent of these funds had been expended, which is 83 percent of the
expenditure anticipated for the year in the Focus Area strategy.
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South Asia Water Initiative
BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN
Objective
The overall objective of the Brahmaputra Basin Focus Area is to improve the shared understanding
and management of the Brahmaputra River Basin as a means to strengthen resilience and
support economic growth for the riparian countries.
Overview of Progress
Activities
During FY14 the Brahmaputra Basin Focus Area strategy was finalized and approved by World
Bank management and donor partners.
Several stand-alone activities began in FY14 under the Brahmaputra Basin Focus Area. These
included the commencement of work on a “state of the basin report”, commencement of support
for the preparation of a major River Bank Improvement Project in Bangladesh, commencement
of support for the preparation of a major Flood, Erosion and Sediment Management in Assam,
and preparation for a technical stakeholder study tour to China.
A team from the University of Massachusetts, supported by the SAWI team, has made significant
progress on the state of the basin assessment. A consortium of regional institutes under the
leadership and coordination of IIT-Delhi will complete the assessment.
To enable scenario analyses of development of the Brahmaputra Basin, SAWI has supported
eWater Ltd’s development of a SOURCE model of the river system, and the development of a
hydrology and human systems model for the Basin by the University of Massachusetts. Scenario
modeling undertaken using these tools will be linked to stakeholder dialogue processes.
Annual Report FY14
To share early progress World Bank/SAWI consultants presented at the second Assam Water
Conference in Guwahati. Next steps include: (i) enabling a sustainable science-to-policy modelling
process in the Brahmaputra River Basin (eWater Ltd.); and (ii) modeling the Brahmaputra River:
hydrology, hydropower, flooding and human systems (UMass-Amherst). In collaboration with
the Assam Water Resources Management Institute and Indian Institute of Management (IIT)Guwahati, a two-day workshop is under preparation for later in 2014.The workshop will work
to identify the core knowledge, institutional and capacity gaps that exist in the basin and chart a
roadmap to guide future World Bank engagement in the basin.
In FY14 preparations were made for a study tour to the Yellow River in China for knowledge
exchange on erosion control and flood management (in the context of Integrated Water Resources
Management). The tour took place in early FY15 with participants from India, Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Myanmar and China.
During FY14 two grants were established to provide additional support for the preparation
of major World Bank loans in the Brahmaputra Basin that are focused on improving erosion,
sediment and flood management. The two projects are the River Bank Improvement Project
in Bangladesh and the Flood, Sediment and Erosion Management Project in Assam, India.
Significant progress was made with the preparatory work for these loans, including several
missions for consultations with state (provincial) governments. SAWI support will enable the
preparation process to be informed by basin-wide studies and will enable assessment of the
expected broader basin implications of the projects.
Preparations have commenced for significant technical assistance to Bhutan for hydromet
modernization. Hydromet is in its early stages in the country. Bhutan is faced with major and
frequent water-related disasters, and the country is the source of a significant fraction of the
inflows into the main stem of the Brahmaputra. Better monitoring, data sharing and early
warning systems will greatly benefit both Bhutan and its downstream riparians.
Table 4: Progress summary for Brahmaputra Basin Focus Area activities
Activity
Progress
Informing the River Bank Improvement
Project
Commenced
Informing the Assam Flood, Erosion and
Sediment Management Project
Commenced
The State of the Brahmaputra River Basin
Draft report prepared. Two prototype models
developed. Preliminary workshop conducted.
Two papers presented at Assam Water
Conference
River basin modeling and analysis
This activity will subsume the state of the
basin work and the preliminary modeling,
compilation and sharing of GIS and other
databases and analyses of sediment budgets
Bhutan Hydromet modernization
Major technical assistance under preparation
Integrated watershed management study
tour to China
Completed in early FY15. Report completed
and disseminated
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South Asia Water Initiative
Participants in the study tour by Brahmaputra stakeholders to the Yellow River in China, for
knowledge exchange on flood and erosion management
Engagement
Brahmaputra Focus Area engagement was ongoing throughout FY14. The study tour to the
Yellow River Basin in China (July 2014/FY15) was the highlight of this engagement. The study
tour provided an opportunity to host a knowledge exchange forum among senior technical
specialists from all the Brahmaputra Basin countries. The forum focused on regional cooperation
and sustainable development. The study tour put great emphasis on learning from the Yellow
River Basin experience to jointly manage the problems of sediment and flood management.
The exercise provided an opportunity for the technical specialists from Bangladesh, Bhutan,
China, Myanmar and India to jointly identify areas of collaboration and activities that may be
undertaken to better manage water resources.
It was requested that a Brahmaputra Forum be formed at the national level in each of these four
countries – with select members coming together to form a basin-level forum. While the former
will identify and attempt to find solutions to challenges that may be solved with local and/or
national level interventions alone, the latter will focus on cooperation to solve problems that are
regional in nature and require joint or coordinated responses by two or more riparians (e.g.,
navigation and hydropower investments as well as flood and sediment management).
There has been continuous engagement with research, academic and applied technical
institutions, exploring opportunities to form a consortium of scientists researching and sharing
knowledge about the basin. Such a consortium may undertake contract work during program
implementation. SAWI has a strong engagement in Bangladesh. The World Bank received a
request for approximately USD 1 billion of investment in flood control structures in Bangladesh’s
portion of the Brahmaputra River. SAWI is supporting studies and broad consultation to inform
the design of the flood control scheme through a basin-wide lens.
The relationship with the Government of India is focused on catalyzing investments in both
Meghalaya and Assam. The discussion around these investments provides an opportunity for
increasing openness to discussion on river basin planning and growing recognition that SAWI
can support design and implementation of important World Bank projects in the Brahmaputra
Basin. These interactions with government are helping to increasethe recognition that addressing
the flood and sediment problems in India requires basin-wide planning and management.
Finances
Five grants has been established with a total value of USD 1.4 mllion; 21 percent of these funds
had been expended by the end of FY14, or 50 percent of the expenditure anticipated for the year
in the Focus Area strategy
Annual Report FY14
SUNDARBANS LANDSCAPE
Objective
The objective of the Sundarbans Landscape Focus Area program is to operationalize joint
management of the Sundarbans for sustainable development and to deliver mutual benefits to
Bangladesh and India.
Overview of Progress
Activities
During FY14, following consultation with stakeholders in Bangladesh and India, the Sundarbans
Landscape Focus Area strategy was developed. It was subsequently finalized and approved
by World Bank management and donor partners. The strategy was prepared in consultation,
and shared at draft and final form with government officials, opinion makers, donor partners,
civil society members, and World Bank staff active in the landscape, to ensure alignment with
ongoing and planned initiatives in the landscape.
A few stand-alone activities began. Under the Focus Area strategy it was agreed that all activities
will be planned and decided by multi-stakeholder deliberations, hence several consultations
were organized in FY14. These consultations included final rounds on the reports (i) “Securing
a Resilient Future for the Bangladesh Sundarbans”; and (ii) “Building Resilience for Sustainable
Development of the Indian Sundarbans”. Further consultations on the Focus Area strategy and
the draft list of Focus Area activities included discussions with a large section of the target multisector stakeholders—government officials, including the Ministry of Environment and Forests in
Bangladesh, the Ministry of Environment and Forests in India, the Department of Sundarbans
Affairs in West Bengal; prominent non-government organizations such as the IUCN and the
WWF; and leaders of local communities and municipalities in both countries.
As the intent of the Focus Area strategy is to develop a formal agreement on the proposed Joint
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South Asia Water Initiative
Platform, the World Bank team presented the idea of a formal joint forum in several meetings
with officials, and the suggestions were incorporated into the final Focus Area strategy.
During FY14, the SAWI Sundarbans team supported the preparation of concept notes for two
major World Bank loans in the Sundarbans Landscape. The first concept note was for a project
to improve sustainable management of the mangroves and mangrove-associated ecosystem of
the Bangladesh Sundarbans. The Government of Bangladesh has requested the World Bank to
consider financing the project. The World Bank is in the process of determining if this proposed
project is a good fit with its country partnership strategy. The second concept note was for climate
change resilient development of the Sundarbans in West Bengal, focusing on creating water
resources infrastructure and public infrastructure in the “stable zones” as a means to attract the
vulnerable population from unstable zones to these “stable zones”, and reduce the impact of
expected sea-level rise. The Government of West Bengal has requested the Government of India
to forward this request for financing to the World Bank. This request is currently being subjected
to the regular screening at the Government of India level.
Further discussions were conducted with the Inland Waterways Authority of India and the Indian
Ministry of Shipping and Ports, which are planning to improve the navigability of the Ganges
River (Indian National Waterway 1). There were two areas of technical support that had been
discussed. First, part of the Indian National Waterway 1 is within the Sundarbans, and it is linked
to the Indian National Waterway 2 (the Brahmaputra) through the Sundarbans in India and
Bangladesh (called the “India-Bangladesh protocol routes”). As major incentives for development
of the National Waterway 1 in its lower reaches are trade with Bangladesh and transportation
to Northeast India through Bangladesh, there is a need for formal long-term agreement on
the “protocol routes”, compared to the current practice of extending the protocol on an annual
basis. Second, there is a partially implemented protocol route that was expected to link the
Farakka Ship-lock to Rajshahi. The necessary infrastructure, viz., the Jangipur Ship-lock and the
Rajshahi channel were never completed. As trade between Bangladesh and India improves, and
the inland water traffic to and from Northeast India increases, there could be huge benefits from
completing this unfinished part of the “protocol routes”. The Inland Waterways Authority of India
and the Department of Inland Water Transport in Bangladesh are discussing this opportunity,
and depending on the progress of this discussion, the Sundarbans Focus Area team will help
with a preliminary economic analysis.
Significant effort was spent scoping a number of upcoming major events, focusing on multistakeholder involving government officials, community leaders, opinion makers, experts, media
and non-government organizations in both countries (to take place in the first half of FY15).
Table 5: Progress summary for Sundarbans Landscape Focus Area activities
Activity
Progress
Sundarbans hydromet design
Under preparation
Targeted environmental
studies
International workshop planned for early FY15 on
“Adaptation to Sea-level Rise and other Climate Change
Impacts”. A series of workshops planned for late 2014 to
disseminate prior technical studies
Landscape-scale joint
environmental planning
Under preparation
Sundarbans dialogue
Event planned for early FY15 to engage with decisionmakers and the local and international media.First highlevel dialogue event planned for late 2014
PRIYANKA CHATURVEDI
Annual Report FY14
Sundarbans, the largest single block of mangrove forest in the world
Engagement
Sundarbans Focus Area engagement was ongoing throughout FY14. Multiple meetings took place
with government officials and civil society organizations in both countries on multiple occasions.
Meetings were focused on strategy design and activity scoping, and included issue-focused
meetings and roundtables. There has been regular engagement with research, academic and
applied technical institutions, exploring opportunities for collaboration and identifying potential
organizations to undertake technical studies (if required and if agreed by the stakeholders from
Bangladesh and India) during program implementation.
The Sundarbans Focus Area work has support from, and engagement with, government in both
Bangladesh and India. In-principle, or informal agreements, for proposed activities have been
received from the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Khulna City Government (in Bangladesh),
Ministry of Environment and Forests, Ministry of Shipping and Ports, Ministry of Earth Sciences
(in India), Sundarbans Affairs Department, Water Resources Department (in West Bengal, India).
The Focus Area strategy was shared informally with officials of the Ministries of External Affairs
in both countries, and positive informal feedback was received. Building upon the increased
cooperation between Bangladesh and India in the recent past, it is expected that SAWI can offer
important support to both countries for resilient and sustainable development of the Sundarbans
Landscape.
Finances
One grant has been established (USD 0.15 million) for preparation of the Sundarbans Landscape
Focus Area strategy and for activity design. Three percent of these funds were expended by the
end of FY14, or less than 1 percent of the expenditure anticipated for the year in the Focus
Area strategy.
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South Asia Water Initiative
REGIONAL CROSS-CUTTING
Objective
The overarching objective of the Cross-cutting Focus Area of the SAWI program is to build
knowledge and capacity across the region in support of transboundary basin-focused dialogue
and cooperation.
Overview of Progress
Activities
During FY14 the Regional Cross-cutting Focus Area strategy was finalized and approved by
World Bank management and donor partners.
To prepare the ground for long-term influence of decision making for transboundary cooperation,
consultations to support capacity building initiatives on water diplomacy and integrated water
resources management took place throughout FY14. These capacity building activities will target
mid-career level professionals and students with the aim to foster a next generation of water
policy decision makers who are knowledgeable about the potential benefits of regional water
cooperation and are equipped with the right skills and tools to achieve these benefits. SAWI
supported a workshop at TERI University in January to design a curriculum for IWRM training in
South Asia. A report from this workshop was provided by TERI University and was shared with
donors. Following the workshop the university established a new Department of Regional Water
Studies and, in early FY15, launch a master’s level course in Water Science and Governance.
Scoping and consultations for the preparation of a comprehensive capacity building program,
including on river system modelling, water information systems, environmental flow assessments,
incorporation of climate change risk into water resources planning, flood forecasting and
management, and hydro-diplomacy, was carried out. The capacity building program will
commence in FY15.
Annual Report FY14
Preparation of analytical work to guide hydro-power development and sediment management
in the region was completed and will be implemented in FY15. The work will focus on the
potential impacts of climate change on hydro-power development, including through changes in
flow regimes and sediment regimes. SAWI support will include a focus on assessment of climate
change impact on the cryosphere (snow and ice) components of the flow regime. This work is
planned for multiple sub-basins in support of World Bank investments in hydropower (including
in Upper Indus, various sub-basins in Nepal and in India). The first studies will be carried out
for the Kosi sub-basin.The Cross-cutting Focus Area will further continue to support the ADD
process with the aim to widen engagement in support of a broad-based regional dialogue that
builds confidence and trust among key decision makers and opinion leaders in the seven SAWI
countries. Progress of SAWI support in enhancing regional water cooperation and trust will be
measured through regular surveys and based on stakeholder consultations.
In FY14, SAWI’s participation underlined the importance of transboundary water cooperation
in high profile dialogues such as the World Bank Regional Champions Group (Delhi and
Kathmandu); and conferences including the Delhi Sustainable Development Summit, Asia News
Agency’s Regional Water Security and Riverine Disputes: Issues common to Central and South
Asia and the TERI Forum. Details of other such conferences and workshops are provided in Table
7 for reference.
The baseline review of hydromet cooperation and data exchange has commenced and is
expected to be completed in the first half of FY15. This assessment will inform hydromet activities/
investments across the SAWI program.The implementation status of current activities is presented
in Table 6.
Table 6: Progress summary for Cross-cutting Focus Area activities
Activity
Progress
Improving regional flood forecasting
FY15 will focus on scoping reviews and design of
major technical assistance activity
Capacity building in basin planning,
basin modeling and hydro-diplomacy
Early support to CPCB and GKC in India anticipated.
Workshop conducted by TERI University to scope
curriculum for IWRM training
Climate change risks in water
resources management
Under preparation
Climate change risks to hydropower
and dams
Commenced late FY14
Transboundary risk management and
data sharing
Under implementation
Regional dialogue
Engagement with other track II dialogue processes
commenced. Ongoing engagement with individual
dialogue participants. Regional stakeholder analysis
inception report completed; continuation planned in
FY15
Communications and Engagement
Following consultation with several ADD members and Focus Area leaders, a long-term
Communication and Stakeholder Engagement strategy was prepared in FY14. This is in line
with the program structure and aims to support achievement of results, as per the agreed
framework.
23
WORLD BANK
South Asia Water Initiative
The higher reaches of the Indus Basin
SAWI actively engaged in regional dialogue processes. SAWI participated in two dialogue events
of the World Bank Regional Champions group – one in New Delhi and one in Kathmandu.
A presentation on SAWI was given to a roundtable on Regional Water Security and Riverine
Disputes: Issues common to Central and South Asia, organized by the Asia News Agency. Many
individual meetings were held with current ADD members and prospective new members, as
well as with potential providers of capacity building services for the planned SAWI investments
in this area.
In line with the Phase 1 review recommendations SAWI worked to increase program visibility
through attendance and presentations at multiple events regionally and internationally (Table 7).
Major improvements were made to the program website to: (i) restructure the design and content
layout to highlight program achievements and add regular updates, (ii) complete the mapping
portal and make it publically accessible; and (iii) ensure comprehensive online access to all
SAWI publications, as well as providing html versions of the Phase 2 strategies. Summary reports
and knowledge product flyers, such as the Ganges SBA, Glacier Monitoring report and study
tour reports have been produced for increasing outreach and widening the SAWI stakeholder
base. A brochure describing the program was developed and distributed. SAWI style guidelines
are being used across presentations, publications and other communication products to create
visibility for the brand and a distinct identity for the program.
Finances
Three grants have been established, total value USD 0.48 million, of which 44 percent had been
expended by the end of FY14, or 53 percent of the expenditure anticipated for the year in the
Focus Area strategy.
Annual Report FY14
Table 7: Summary of communications events for FY14
Date
Event
Location
Communication
Sep 13
National Environmental Flows
Workshop, National Institute of
Hydrology, and NERC UK
Roorkee, India
Session chair, expert input
Oct 14
TERI Water Forum
Delhi, India
Invited paper on “Regional Cooperation
for Water Security”
Nov 14
Norwegian Embassy Consultation
Delhi India
Overview presentation of SAWI Phase 2
Jan 14
TERI University IWRM Course
Design Workshop
Delhi, India
Overview presentation of SAWI Phase 2
Jan 14
World Bank Regional Integration
Sector’s “Champions’ Group”
Dialogue
Delhi, India
Overview discussant and presenter of
SAWI Phase 2 overview
Jan 14
Indus Forum meeting
Quito, Ecuador
Overview presentation on SAWI Phase 2
Feb 14
Delhi Sustainable Development
Summit, ICIMOD-convened
session on Transboundary Water
Cooperation
Delhi, India
Invited panelist to provide commentary
on invited presentations
Feb 14
National Mission Clean Ganga
Workshop on River Restoration
Delhi, India
Invited presentation on “River Health”
Feb 14
Assam Water Conference
Guwahati, India
Two papers: “Modeling the
Brahmaputra River: hydrology,
hydropower, flooding and human
system” and “Enabling a sustainable
science-to-policy modeling process in
the Brahmaputra Basin”
Mar 14
DFAT SDIP Partners’ Workshop
Canberra,
Australia
Participation in partner discussions
Mar 14
Round Table on Transboundary
water Cooperation in Central and
South Asia, Asia News Agency
Delhi, India
Invited participant and presenter –
overview of SAWI Phase 2
Mar 14
Ho Chi Minh
MRC International Conference on
Cooperation for Water, Energy, and City, Vietnam
Food Security in Transboundary
Basins Under Changing Climate
Invited presentation “Gaming the
Ganges: a Platform for Dialogue”
Mar 14
Atlantic Council, India-Pakistan
Water Dialogue
Dubai, UAE
Invited presentation “World Bank
Regional water Cooperation
Engagement, South Asia Water Initiative
Apr 14
National Workshop on Climate
Change Adaption, Kashmir
University
Srinagar, India
Invited presentation on SAWI work on
climate change and hydrology
Jun 2014
Water Security Games
Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
Invited as observer by Skoll Global
Threats Fund
25
South Asia Water Initiative
SAWI Phase 1
Progress on Remaining SAWI Phase 1 Activities
During this FY, progress was made on the delivery and finalization of SAWI Phase 1 activities. An
overview is presented below:
• The Feasibility Study for a Regional Monitoring Center for the Greater Himalayas, which
presented a first-order synthesis of the quantity and quality of the existing monitoring
already occurring in the Hindu Kush Himalaya region, and recommended future monitoring
investments, was finalized and published on the SAWI website.
• In consultation with the authors, important final corrections were made to the Ganges SBA
report. The final report and the summary report (translated into Bangla, Hindi and Nepali)
were printed for distribution in June 2014.
• The Bangladesh Hydromet Technical Study report (internal technical paper), which provides
insights on the needed improvements to Bangladesh’s hydro-meteorological and flood
forecasting systems, was finalized.
• The Bangladesh Responsible Sourcing Initiative report, which looks at promoting environmental
compliance in Bangladesh’s textile industry to reduce industrial water pollution in the Dhaka
watershed, has been finalized and published.
• The report India: Sustainable Development of Hydropower – Strengthening Monitoring and
Institutional Mechanisms for Appropriate In-Stream Flow has been completed and will be
published in FY15. The final report provides recommendations on: (i) existing mechanism;
(ii) how it can be strengthened; and (iii) international practices of in-stream flow/in-flows and
instrumentation. The outreach of the study will be useful for hydro states such as Himachal
Pradesh and Uttarakhand, as well neighboring countries such as Bhutan and Nepal.
• The findings of the Social Dimensions of Climate Change work, which aimed to develop
a better understanding of: (i) the potential social impacts of hydrology regimes and local
economic conditions; and (ii) the effectiveness of current coping and adaptation strategies at
household and community levels, will be published in book form in FY15.
• The findings of the Impacts of Climate Risks on Water & Food Security in Indus Basin, which
assessed the impacts of climate risks and various development alternatives on water and food
security in the Indus Basin of Pakistan, have been published.
• The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna River Basin Groundwater Study, which aimed to better
understand the complex processes between surface water and groundwater in the region and
to illustrate key issues and concepts critical to the basin, has been published as a paper in the
Journal of Water Resources Management.
Annual Report FY14
A summary of Phase 1 outputs for FY14 is provided in Table 8.
Table 8: Summary of SAWI Phase 1 outputs for FY14
Title
Output
Authors
Ganges Strategy Basin Assessment
World Bank Report
Sadoff et al.
Framework and Design for a Modernized
Hydrological Information System in Bangladesh
Consultant Report
Innovative
hydrology
The Bangladesh Responsible Sourcing Initiative:
New Model for Green Growth
World Bank Report
Tovey& Meijer
India: Sustainable Development of Hydropower
– Strengthening Monitoring and Institutional
Mechanisms for Appropriate In-Stream Flow
Consultant Report,
Baye et al.
ASCONIT Consultants
& WAPCOS
Climate Risks on Water & Food Security in Indus Basin World Bank Book
Yu et al.
Water Resources Management in the Ganges Basin:
Journal of
A Comparison of Three Strategies for Conjunctive Use Water Resources
of Groundwater and Surface Water
Management
Khan et al.
Monitoring of Glaciers, Climate, and Runoff in the
Hindu Kush-Himalaya Mountains
Alford et al.
World Bank Report
Small Grants Program
Following the deliberations at the first ADD Knowledge Forum (ADD-KF) in Singapore in 2008
and subsequent discussions during the fourth and fifth ADDs in 2009 and 2010, a Small Grants
Program (SGP) was established to support knowledge generation and dissemination activities on
the rivers of the Greater Himalayas. The objectives of SGP were to:
• Facilitate the quest to increase knowledge about water resources systems and their uses within
the realm of the Greater Himalayas, which are under stress from climate change and other
drivers, including population and economic growth;
• Facilitate collaboration among knowledge institutions from different countries sharing the
rivers of the Greater Himalayas; and
• Support their efforts to work together in a collaborative manner.
The SGP was expected to initiate new knowledge generation, expand current national research
activities to extend across boundaries, and disseminate knowledge within the region. Following
the program launch in 2011, 40 proposals were received, ranked and reviewed by international
technical experts and a Technical Assessment Panel (TAP). The TAP recommended eight proposals
for funding.These were shared with the ADD members for comments and suggestions and
subsequently approved. The eight proposals were implemented by 16 research institutions (two
research institutions from different countries per proposal).
The research activities were completed mid-2013 and the final technical reports were reviewed
and subsequently approved by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development
(ICIMOD) reviewers. Additionally, the research organizations produced papers that were reviewed
by internationally recognized peer reviewers and subsequently published as a synthesis report
titled: “Research Insights on Climate and Water in the Hindu Kush Himalayas”. The report will
also be made available on the ICIMOD and SAWI website early FY15.
An independent evaluation to assess the results/effectiveness of the SGP and to provide
recommendations on the design and modalities for a potential second phase of the SGP was
carried out and has been shared with SAWI donors.
27
South Asia Water Initiative
FINANCIAL REPORT
The trust fund financial reports for the FY14 Phase 1 and Phase 2 SAWI Trust Funds (and the life
of the funds) are provided in Annexes1 and 2.
Contributions to SAWI II at the end of FY14 total USD 11.3 million. The end of FY fund balance
was USD 8.90 million. Total project disbursements to the end of FY14 were USD 1.59 million, of
which USD 1.58 million was for FY14 and USD 0.10 million for FY13. Including expenditures for
trust fund administration incurred by the SAWI team (including staff time, donor meetings and
communications), total disbursements in FY14 were USD 2.13 million, and USD 2.44 million
since the date of MDTF inception.Total expenditure to the end of FY14 was thus around 8 percent
of total anticipated program contributions. The difference between USD 2.44 million in Annex 1
and the USD 2.22 million in Table 9 is the 2 percent of the contributions to-date that is deducted
for central legal and financial trust fund administration.
Christina Leb
Although program management costs for FY14 are very high, these funds were primarily used
to support communications, outreach and dissemination costs, as the Strategic Communications
grant (TF017869, Annex 1) was not established until late in the FY and there was no expenditure
against this grant. It is also important to note that the life-of-fund costs for program management
are limited to the 7 percent stipulated in the Administrative Agreements; no other monies moved
The Hindu Kush Himalaya in Afghanistan
Annual Report FY14
into TF014265, and thus expenditure against this code will necessarily be less in FY15.
For SAWI I, there was a small investment income for the FY and total (net) disbursements of
USD 0.2 million on final activities. The SAWI I Small Grants Program project administered by
ICIMOD has been closed with USD 88,000 in unspent monies returned to the trust fund. All
SAWI I activities have been closed and the residual funds (USD 3.72 million) transferred to the
SAWI II trust fund.
A summary of the financial information for the SAWI II program and individual Focus Areas is
presented in Table 9. The data in Table 9 are for expenditure from date of MDTF inception to
EOFY14 of the SAWI II trust fund. The expenditure in FY13 was small. Around 14 percent of
the total funds have been committed to approve activities. Expenditure to EOFY is 75 percent
of the indicative budget in the approved program strategy and 47 percent of commitments to
approved activities to EOFY.
Table 9: Summary financial information for the SAWI Phase 2 program and
Focus Areas to-date (since date of MDTF inception)
Focus Area
Committed
to Approved
Activities to
EOFY (USD
million)
Budgeted
Actual
Expenditure Expenditure
to EOFY
to EOFY
(USD (USD million)
million)
Actual
Actual
Expenditure Expenditure
to EOFY as
to EOFY
% of Budget
as % of
Approved
Indus Basin
1.19
0.6
0.75
125
63
Ganges
Basin
0.35
0.4
0.33
83
94
Brahmaputra
Basin
1.40
0.6
0.30
50
21
Sundarbans
Landscape
0.15
0.6
<0.01
<1
3
Regional
Cross-cutting
0.48
0.4
0.21
53
44
Program
Management
0.79
0.3
0.63
210
80
Total
4.36
2.9
2.22
77
51
29
South Asia Water Initiative
Annex 1: SAWI Phase 2: Unaudited Trust Fund Financial Report
WORLD BANK GROUP
South Asia Water Initiative Phase-2 (WORLD BANK REFERENCE 71929) - Multi Donor Fund
Expressed in United States Dollars
07/01/2013
to
06/30/2014
12/05/2012
(date of inception)
to 06/30/2014
Receipts (Note1)
Cash Contributions
Investment Income (Note 2)
Total Receipts
6,833,881.25
11,303,831.24
28,098.68
33,732.68
6,861,979.93
11,337,563.92
Disbursements (Note 2)
Project Disbursements
Direct Costs Disbursed by WBG
Staff costs (including benefits)
(601,026.38)
(601,026.38)
Consultant fees
(496,827.06)
(496,827.06)
Travel expenses
(402,121.21)
(414,117.98)
Airfare rebate
2,011.45
2,011.45
Media workshop
(61,526.42)
(62,278.31)
Contractual services
(14,727.83)
(14,727.83)
(1,501.25)
(1,541.65)
Total Direct Costs Disbursed by WBG
(1.575,718.70)
(1,588,507.76)
Total Project Disbursements
(1.575,718.70)
(1,588,507.76)
Administrative fees and expenses
(Note 4)
(557,754.29)
(85,129,132)
Total Non-Project Disbursements
(557,754.29)
(85,129,132)
(2,133,472.99)
(2,439,799.08)
4,728,506.94
8,897,764.84
Other direct costs
Non-Project Disbursements
Total Disbursements
Excess of receipts over disbursements
(disbursements over-receipts)
Fund Balance
Beginning of period
4,169,257.90
0.00
End of period
8,897,764.84
8,897,764.84
Fund balance consists of
Share in pooled cash and investments
8,897,764.84
Undisbursed Commitments as of 08/07/2014 (Note 5)
2,067,621.78
Annual Report FY14
Status
Beneficiary
YPU/Div
TF Hierarchy
Active
South Asia
SASDI - HIS
Trustee Account
TTL Name
Ms Nicolette L
Bowyer-Walker
Contribution details by Donor
Donor
Currency
07/0l/2013 to
06/30/2014
12/05/2012
(date of
inception) to
06/30/2014
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (formerly
known as Ausaid)
AUD
0.00
8,000,000.00
Norway – Ministry of Foreign Affairs
NOK
18,000,000.00
18,000,000.00
United Kingdom - Department For International
Development (Dfid)
GBP
0.00
11,500,000.00
Contribution paid-in details by Donor
07/01/2013
to
06/30/2014
12/05/2012
(date of
inception) to
06/30/2014
12/05/2012
(date of
inception) to
06/30/2014
In USD
Equivalent
Donor
Currency
Department of Foreign Affairs and
Trade (formerly known as Ausaid)
AUD
3,000,000.00
5,000,000.00
Norway – Ministry of Foreign Affairs
NOK
6,000,000.00
6,000,000.00
971,581.25
United Kingdom - Department For
International Development (Dfid)
GBP
2,000,000.00
3,500,000.00
5,553,750.00
Grant
Amount
(USD)
07/01/2013 to
06/30/2014
12/05/2012
(date of
inception) to
06/30/2014
4,778,499.99
Disbursement details by Grant
Grant
Grant Name
Executed
By
TF014265
SAWI Phase-2 Program Bank
Administration &
Management
791,268.19
421,076.67
625,214.70
TF014935
SAWI Indus FA
Engagement
Bank
330,000.00
220,065.54
232,854.60
TF015001
Concept Note
Development
Brahmaputra FA
Bank
250,000.00
195,807.53
195,807.53
TF015480
SAWI Ganges FA
Bank
350,000.00
326,404.54
326,404.54
31
South Asia Water Initiative
Disbursement details by Grant
Grant
Grant Name
Executed
By
Grant
Amount
(USD)
07/01/2013
to
06/30/2014
12/05/2012
(date of
inception) to
06/30/2014
Engagement
TF015737
Project Development: Glacier
Monitoring in the Upper Indus
Basin
Bank
200,000.00
95,549.48
95,549.48
TF015757
SAWI Cross-Cutting Knowledge,
Dialogue and Consultation
(X-KDC)
Bank
280,000.00
195,778.60
195,778.60
Focus Area Engagement
TF016290
Learning Innovative Approaches
to Glacier Monitoring to Address
Climate Change Challenges
Bank
214,000.00
212,567.34
212,567.34
TF016291
SAWI Brahmaputra Basin Focus
Area
Bank
150,000.00
37,912.24
37,912.24
TF016326
Transboundary Risk
Management and Data Sharing
Bank
200,000.00
14,388.66
14,388.66
TF016429
The Brahmaputra River Basin
Assessment
Bank
450,000.00
21,686.18
21,686.18
TF016430
Integrated Management of the
Kunar River Basin
Bank
450,000.00
204,828.90
204,828.90
TF017032
SAWI Sundarbans FA
Engagement
Bank
150,000.00
3,798.13
3,798.13
TF017496
Brahmaputra River Bank
Improvement for Flood and
Erosion Management
Bank
350,000.00
5,647.80
5,647.80
TF017526
Brahmaputra Integrated Water
Resources Management Study
Tour
Bank
200,000.00
41,283.76
41,283.76
TF017869
SAWI Strategic Communications
Bank
0
0
0
Notes:
1. This statement is prepared on the modified cash basis of accounting.
2. Investment income is not credited to any trust fund where the daily fund balance is less than USD equivalent
$5,000.
3. Other costs (where applicable) represent all disbursements incurred prior to July 2000.
4. Administrative fees are generally collected from the trust fund in the same month in which contributions are
received, however for administrative purposes, collection of fees may occur in the month following receipt of the
contribution.
5. Amounts committed relate to the amounts yet to be disbursed for active and pending recipient executed grant
agreements and the undisbursed balance of bank executed trust funds.
6. Where applicable, amounts displayed against “staff costs (including benefits)” and “consultant fees” include
charges to cover the cost of benefits and general communication, facilities and IT costs unless otherwise specified in
the Administration Agreement for the Trust Fund.
Annual Report FY14
Annex 2: SAWI Phase 1: Unaudited Trust Fund Financial Report
WORLD BANK GROUP
South Asia Water Initiative Phase-2 (WORLD BANK REFERENCE 71929) - Multi Donor Fund
Expressed in United States Dollars
07/01/2013 to
06/30/2014
11/26/2008
(date of
inception)
to 06/30/2014
0.00
13,754,474.14
Receipts (Note 1)
Cash Contributions
Investment Income (Note 2)
14,584.97
124,597.68
Transfers within Hierarchy
126,136.20
991,326.79
Contributions via Transfers
(126,136.20)
(991,326.79)
Other Receipts
0.00
5,169.35
14,584.97
13,884,241.17
88,353.60
(911,646.40)
Staff costs (including benefits)
(119,431.50)
(3,292,503.72)
Consultant fees
(159,631 29)
-3,653,879.95
Travel expenses
(12,905.22)
(1,488,708.87)
Total Receipts
Disbursements (Note 1)
Project Disbursements
Disbursements to Grantee
Direct Costs Disbursed by WBG
Airfare rebate
549.6
43,385.87
Equipment costs
0.00
(1,353.03)
Media workshop
(600)
(219,896.99)
Contractual services
0.00
(108,030.64)
(46.33)
(26.374.43)
Total Direct Costs Disbursed by WBG
(292,064.74)
(8,747,361.76)
Total Project Disbursements
(203,711.14)
(9,659,008.16)
Other direct costs
Non-Project Disbursements
Administrative fees and expenses (Note 4)
0.00
(503,274.94)
0.00
(503,274.94)
(203,711.14)
(10,162,283.10)
(189,126.17)
3,721,958.07
Beginning of period
3,911,084.24
0.00
End of period
3,721,958.07
3,721,958.07
Total Non-Project Disbursements
Total Disbursements
Excess of receipts over-disbursements
(Disbursements over-receipts)
Fund Balance
Fund balance consists of
Share in pooled cash and investments
Undisbursed Commitments as of 08/07/2014
(Note 5)
3,721,958.07
307,176.27
33
South Asia Water Initiative
Status
Beneficiary
YPU/Div
TF Hierarchy
TTL Name
Active
South Asia
SASDI-HIS
Trustee Accouut
Ms Nicolette L
Bowyer-Walker
07/01/2013 to
06/30/2014
11/26/2008 (date
of inception) to
06/30/2014
Contribution details by Donor
Donor
Currency
Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
(formerly known as Ausaid)
AUD
0.00
7,000,000.00
Norway - Ministry of Foreign Affairs
NOK
0.00
18,000,000.00
United Kingdom - Department For International
Development (DFID)
GBP
0.00
2,442,000.00
Contribution details by paid-in Donor
Currency
Department of Foreign Affairs
and Trade (formerly known as
Ausaid)
AUD
0.00
7,000,000.00
6,949,550.00
Norway - Ministry of Foreign
Affairs
NOK
0.00
18,000,000.00
3,044,485.92
0.00
2,442,000.00
3,760,438.22
United Kingdom - Department For GBP
International Development (DFID)
07/01/2013
to
06/30/2014
11/26/2008 11/26/2008 (date
of inception) to
(date of
06/30/2014
inception) to
In USD
06/30/2014
Equivalent
Donor
Notes:
1. This statement is prepared on the modified cash basis of accounting.
2. Investment income is not credited to any trust fund where the daily fund balance is less than USD equivalent
$5,000.
3. Other costs (where applicable) represent all disbursements incurred prior to July 2000.
4. Administrative fees are generally collected from the trust fund in the same month in which contributions are
received, however for administrative purposes, collection of fees may occur in the month following receipt of the
contribution.
5. Amounts committed relate to the amounts yet to be disbursed for active and pending recipient executed grant
agreements and the undisbursed balance of bank executed trust funds.
6. Where applicable, amounts displayed against “staff costs (including benefits)” and “consultant fees” include
charges to cover the cost of benefits and general communication, facilities and IT costs unless otherwise specified in
the Administration Agreement for the Trust Fund.
Annual Report FY14
Annex 3: South Asia Water Initiative (SAWI)
Results Framework 2014-17
This results framework is for Phase 2 of SAWI. The Phase 2 Trust Fund became active on December
11, 2012. In the early months of Phase 2, and for the first DFID annual review in December
2013, performance was assessed against an earlier results framework. This revision is based on
the earlier framework, but is clarified, simplified and updated to be more realistic and to reflect
all donor perspectives.
Definitions
Governance process: formal or semi-formal ongoing governmental processes (including
treaties, policies, agreements, MoUs, etc.) for making or operationalizing water management
decisions. Includes processes for water data/information sharing, water planning, operational
management and monitoring, as well as for negotiation and/or dispute resolution.
Participatory process: interactive process across multiple sectors (government organizations,
non-governmental organizations, representatives, civil society, research community, media)
for sharing, receiving and exchanging information with relevant stakeholders on a regular
basis; securing widest possible engagement of relevant stakeholders to inform community, or
authority or both.
Knowledge product: published book, report, paper, webpage or website that presents new
knowledge relevant to the management of the Himalayan River systems.
Feasibility study: documented assessment of the practicality of a proposed plan or method.
Intervention: infrastructure or other investment project (for example, ecosystem restoration
work), water or environmental management policy, guideline or plan.
Stakeholders: decision makers, government representatives, affected communities, academia,
media, civil society, opinion leaders with interest or stake in basin/landscape scale water
management and/or regional cooperation.
Organization capacity: infrastructure/equipment and human resources (quantity and
expertise) that enable an organization to fulfil its responsibilities.
35
South Asia Water Initiative
Outcome and Result Indicators
Program Development Objective
Outcome indicators for PDO
To increase regional cooperation in the
management of the Himalayan River systems to
deliver sustainable, fair and inclusive development
and climate resilience
A1. Governance: Number of existing or new bilateral
or multilateral governance processes that support
cooperative water management that have been
informed by SAWI activities
B1. Investments: Value of investments secured though
bilateral or multilateral governance processes and
that have been informed by SAWI activities
B2. Investments: Quality of the planning processes
underpinning new investments in terms of either
(i) the breadth and strength of stakeholder
consultation, (ii) a stronger technical basis for
investment designs, and/or (iii) the pace at which
investment designs are agreed
Intermediate results
Results indicators
1. Trust and confidence in regional or basin water
management increased by processes
1.1 Number of regional and basin/landscapes
facilitated or supported by SAWI
2. Stakeholder input to government decision
making strengthened by participatory processes that
facilitate transboundary knowledge generation
and sharing
2.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape or
sub-basin level participatory processes that
support transboundary knowledge generation
and sharing and stakeholder input to government
decision making
3. Capacity of water resources organizations
strengthened in areas relevant to transboundary
cooperation
3.1 Number of professionals trained in the aspects of
water management, water policy or water diplomacy
relevant to basin scale planning and management or
regional cooperation
3.2 Number of water management organizations
with policy or technical capacity significantly
strengthened by SAWI activities in areas relevant to
basin-scale planning or regional cooperation
4. Regional, basin or sub-basin-level knowledge
increased and accessible to stakeholders, including
decision makers
4.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape or sub-basin-level knowledge products produced and shared
with key stakeholders, including decision makers
5. Regional, basin or sub-basin-level interventions
designed to improve livelihoods and ecosystem
sustainability
5.1 Number of regional, basin or sub-basin-level
feasibility studies or intervention designs informed by
SAWI activities
Annual Report FY14
Program and Focus Area Indicator Targets
Program Level Target Values
Target Values
Outcome indicators
Data Collection
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
and Reporting
A1. Number of existing or new bilateral
or multilateral governance processes that
support cooperative water management
that have been informed by SAWI activities
0
0
1
3
1
SAWI Program
Leader
B1. Investments: Value (USD billion) of
investments secured though bilateral or
multilateral governance processes that have
been informed by SAWI activities
0
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.5
SAWI Program
Leader
B2. Investments: Quality of the planning
processes underpinning new investments in
terms of either: (i) the breadth and strength
of stakeholder consultation, (ii) a stronger
technical basis for investment designs, and/
or (iii) the pace at which investment designs
are agreed
Low
Low
Med
Med
High
SAWI Program
Leader
1.1 Number of regional and basin/
landscapes facilitated or supported by SAWI
3
5
5
5
5
Focus Area
Leader
2.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape
or sub-basin level participatory processes
that support transboundary knowledge
generation and sharing and stakeholder
input to government decision making
1
2
2
2
1
Focus Area
Leader
3.1 Number of professionals trained in the
aspects of water management, water policy
or water diplomacy relevant to basin scale
planning and management or regional
cooperation
20
40
50
50
20
Focus Area
Leader
3.2 Number of key water management
organizations with policy or technical
capacity significantly strengthened by SAWI
activities in areas relevant to basin scale
planning or regional cooperation
0
2
2
4
2
Focus Area
Leader
4.1 Number of regional, basin/
landscape or sub-basin-level knowledge
products produced and shared with key
stakeholders, including decision makers
3
8
8
8
10
Focus Area
Leader
5.1 Number of regional, basin or subbasin-level feasibility studies or intervention
designs informed by SAWI activities
0
2
4
4
4
Focus Area
Leader
Results indicators
37
South Asia Water Initiative
Indus Focus Area Target Values
Target Values
Outcome indicators
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
A1. Number of existing or new bilateral
or multilateral governance processes that
support cooperative water management that
have been informed by SAWI activities
0
0
0
1
0
B1. Investments: Value (USD billion) of
investments secured though bilateral or
multilateral governance processes that have
been informed by SAWI activities
0
0
0
0
0.3
B2. Investments: Quality of the planning
processes underpinning new investments in
terms of either: (i) the breadth and strength
of stakeholder consultation, (ii) a stronger
technical basis for investment designs, and/
or (iii) the pace at which investment designs
are agreed
Low
Low
Low
Low
High
1.1 Number of regional and basin/
landscapes facilitated or supported by SAWI
2
1
1
1
1
2.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape
or sub-basin level participatory processes
that support transboundary knowledge
generation and sharing and stakeholder
input to government decision making
0
1
0
0
0
3.1 Number of professionals trained in the
aspects of water management, water policy
or water diplomacy relevant to basin scale
planning and management or regional
cooperation
0
5
5
5
0
3.2 Number of key water management
organizations with policy or technical
capacity significantly strengthened by SAWI
activities in areas relevant to basin scale
planning or regional cooperation
0
0
1
1
0
4.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape
or sub-basin-level knowledge products
produced and shared with key stakeholders,
including decision makers
1
1
1
1
1
5.1 Number of regional, basin or subbasin-level feasibility studies or intervention
designs informed by SAWI activities
0
0
1
0
1
Results indicators
Annual Report FY14
Ganges Focus Area Target Values
Target Values
Outcome indicators
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
A1. Number of existing or new bilateral
or multilateral governance processes that
support cooperative water management that
have been informed by SAWI activities
0
0
0
1
0
B1. Investments: Number (USD billion) of
investments secured though bilateral or
multilateral governance processes that have
been informed by SAWI activities
0
0
0
0.2
0
B2. Investments: Number of the planning
processes underpinning new investments in
terms of either: (i) the breadth and strength
of stakeholder consultation, (ii) a stronger
technical basis for investment designs, and/
or (iii) the pace at which investment designs
are agreed
Low
Low
Low
Med
Med
1.1 Number of regional and basin/
landscapes facilitated or supported by SAWI
0
1
1
1
1
2.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape
or sub-basin level participatory processes
that support transboundary knowledge
generation and sharing and stakeholder
input to government decision making
0
1
0
1
0
3.1 Number of professionals trained in the
aspects of water management, water policy
or water diplomacy relevant to basin scale
planning and management or regional
cooperation
0
10
10
10
0
3.2 Number of key water management
organizations with policy or technical
capacity significantly strengthened by SAWI
activities in areas relevant to basin scale
planning or regional cooperation
0
1
0
2
0
4.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape
or sub-basin-level knowledge products
produced and shared with key stakeholders,
including decision makers
0
2
2
2
2
5.1 Number of regional, basin or subbasin-level feasibility studies or intervention
designs informed by SAWI activities
0
0
1
0
1
Results indicators
39
South Asia Water Initiative
Brahmaputra Focus Area Target Values
Target Values
Outcome indicators
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
A1. Number of existing or new bilateral
or multilateral governance processes that
support cooperative water management that
have been informed by SAWI activities
0
0
0
1
0
B1. Investments: Value (USD billion) of
investments secured though bilateral or
multilateral governance processes that have
been informed by SAWI activities
0
0.1
0
0
0.2
B2. Investments: Quality of the planning
processes underpinning new investments in
terms of either: (i) the breadth and strength
of stakeholder consultation, (ii) a stronger
technical basis for investment designs, and/
or (iii) the pace at which investment designs
are agreed
Low
Low
Low
Low
Med
1.1 Number of regional and basin/
landscapes facilitated or supported by SAWI
0
1
1
1
1
2.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape
or sub-basin level participatory processes
that support transboundary knowledge
generation and sharing and stakeholder
input to government decision making
1
0
1
0
1
3.1 Number of professionals trained in the
aspects water of management, water policy
or water diplomacy relevant to basin scale
planning and management or regional
cooperation
8
5
5
5
0
3.2 Number of key water management
organizations with policy or technical
capacity significantly strengthened by SAWI
activities in areas relevant to basin scale
planning or regional cooperation
0
0
0
1
1
4.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape
or sub-basin-level knowledge products
produced and shared with key stakeholders,
including decision makers
1
2
1
2
1
5.1 Number of regional, basin or sub-basinlevel feasibility studies or intervention designs
informed by SAWI activities
0
2
0
2
1
Results indicators
Annual Report FY14
Sundarbans Focus Area Target Values
Target Values
Outcome indicators
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
A1. Number of existing or new bilateral
or multilateral governance processes that
support cooperative water management that
have been informed by SAWI activities
0
0
1
0
0
B1. Investments: Value (USD billion) of
investments secured though bilateral or
multilateral governance processes that have
been informed by SAWI activities
0
0
0.2
0
0
B2. Investments: Quality of the planning
processes underpinning new investments in
terms of either: (i) the breadth and strength
of stakeholder consultation, (ii) a stronger
technical basis for investment designs, and/
or (iii) the pace at which investment designs
are agreed
Low
Low
Med
Med
Med
1.1 Number of regional and basin/
landscapes facilitated or supported by SAWI
1
1
1
1
1
2.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape
or sub-basin level participatory processes
that support transboundary knowledge
generation and sharing and stakeholder
input to government decision making
0
0
1
1
0
3.1 Number of professionals trained in the
aspects of water management, water policy
or water diplomacy relevant to basin scale
planning and management or regional
cooperation
0
5
5
5
0
Results indicators
3.2 Number of key water management
organizations with policy or technical
capacity significantly strengthened by SAWI
activities in areas relevant to basin scale
planning or regional cooperation
0
0
1
0
1
4.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape
or sub-basin-level knowledge products
produced and shared with key stakeholders,
including decision makers
0
1
2
1
2
5.1 Number of regional, basin or subbasin-level feasibility studies or intervention
designs informed by SAWI activities
0
0
2
2
2
41
South Asia Water Initiative
Regional Cross-cutting Focus Area Target Values
Target Values
Outcome indicators
FY14
FY15
FY16
FY17
FY18
A1. Number of existing or new bilateral
or multilateral governance processes that
support cooperative water management that
have been informed by SAWI activities
0
0
0
0
0
B1. Investments: Value (USD billion) of
investments secured though bilateral or
multilateral governance processes that have
been informed by SAWI activities
0
0
0
0
0
1.1 Number of regional and basin/
landscapes facilitated or supported by SAWI
0
1
1
1
1
2.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape
or sub-basin level participatory processes
that support transboundary knowledge
generation and sharing and stakeholder
input to government decision making
0
0
0
0
0
3.1 Number of professionals trained in the
aspects of water management, water policy
or water diplomacy relevant to basin scale
planning and management or regional
cooperation
12
15
25
25
20
3.2 Number of key water management
organizations with policy or technical
capacity significantly strengthened by SAWI
activities in areas relevant to basin scale
planning or regional cooperation
0
1
0
0
0
4.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape
or sub-basin-level knowledge products
produced and shared with key stakeholders,
including decision makers
1
2
2
2
4
5.1 Number of regional, basin or subbasin-level feasibility studies or intervention
designs informed by SAWI activities
0
0
0
0
0
Results indicators
Annual Report FY14
Annex 4: SAWI Publications
This list includes publications funded entirely or partially with SAWI resources, including
funding through the SAWI Phase 1 Trust Fund.
Accessible at: www.southasiawaterinitiative.org.
Books and Reports
Alford D, Archer D, Bookhagen B, Grabs W, Halvorson S, Hewitt K, Immerzeel W, Kamp
U and Krumwiede B (2014). Monitoring of Glaciers, Climate, and Runoff in the Hindu KushHimalaya Mountains.Washington DC: World Bank. 124pp.
Grey D, Sadoff C and Connors G (2009). Beyond the River: A Practitioner’s Perspective. In:
SIWI Water Front Magazine No 1, pp8–10.
Grey D, Sadoff C and Connors G (2009). Effective Cooperation on Transboundary Waters:
A Practical Perspective. In: Jägerskog A and Zeitoun M (Eds.) (2009) Getting Transboundary
Water Right: Theory and Practice for Effective Cooperation. SIWI Report No. 25, pp15–18.
Khan M R, Voss C I, Yu W and Michael H A (2013). Water Resources Management in the
Ganges Basin: A Comparison of Three Strategies for Conjunctive Use of Groundwater and
Surface Water. Water Resources Management, 28(5), 1235–1250.
Pahuja S (2010). Deep Wells and Prudence: Towards Pragmatic Action for Addressing
Groundwater Overexploitation in India. Washington DC: World Bank.97pp.
O’Donnell A, and Wodon Q (in press). Climate Risks and Adaptations in the Sundarbans.
Earthscan
Rajashekariah K, Kaushal N and Bhowmik S (2012). Good Environmental Practices of
Hydropower in India, Nepal and Bhutan. WWF.
Sanchez-Triana E, Paul T, Ortolano L and Ruitenbacck J (Eds.) (2014). Building Resilience
for Sustainable Development of Sundarbans through Estuary Management, Poverty Reduction
and Biodiversity Conservation. Strategy Report, Report No. 88061 – IN. Washington DC: World
Bank. 273pp.
Tovey C and Meijer S (2014). The Bangladesh Responsible Sourcing Initiative: New Model
for Green Growth. Washington DC: World Bank. 80pp.
Vaidya R A and Sharma E (2014). Research Insights on Climate and Water in the Hindu Kush
Himalayas.Integration Centre for Integrated Mountain Development. 175pp.
World Bank (2014). Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment: A Discussion of Regional
Opportunities and Risks.Report No. 67668-SAS. Washington DC: World Bank. 112pp.
Yu W, Yang Y C, Savitsky A, Alford D, Brown C, Wescoat J, Debowicz D and Robinson S
(2013).Impacts of Climate Risks on Water and Food Security in the Indus.Washington DC:
World Bank. 165pp.
43
South Asia Water Initiative
Infographics and Documentaries
TMMT Production. Bangladesh Sundarbans: Helping Local Communities. Accessible at:
www.worldbank.org/en/news/video/2014/06/25/bangladesh-sundarbans-helping-localcommunities
TMMT Production. Bangladesh: Preserving Biodiversity in the Sundarbans. Accessible at:
www.worldbank.org/en/news/video/2014/06/25/preserving-biodiversity-sundarbans
Annual Report FY14
45
South Asia Water Initiative