Table of Contents
Acronyms and Abbreviations
2
Letter from the President of the Board of Directors
3
Letter from the Executive Director
4
Floreana: A Dream, a Goal, a Project
6
The Human Footprint on Galapagos
10
Can We Conserve Biodiversity and Meet the Needs
of the Community?
14
Over 50 Years of CDF Research on the Species
Diversity of the Enchanted Isles
18
Galapagos: A Sea Turtle Sanctuary
22
CDF Fisheries Model Reveals Conservation Success
in the Galapagos Marine Reserve
26
Financial Report 2009
32
Donors 2009
35
Friends of Galapagos Organizations
38
General Assembly Members
39
We Are CDF 40
Scholars and Volunteers
41
CDF Publications
42
Visiting and Adjunct Scientists
44
The Charles Darwin Foundation operates the Charles Darwin Research Station in Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. The Charles Darwin
Foundation is an Association Internationale Sans But Lucratif (AISBL), registered in Belgium under the number 371359 and subject to Belgian law.
The address in Belgium is Rue Dupré 15, 1090 Brussels.
Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
Acronyms
and Abbreviations
CDF
Charles Darwin Foundation
GMR
Galapagos Marine Reserve
GNP
Galapagos National Park
IUCN
International Union for Conservation of Nature
NGO
Non-Governmental Organization
UN
United Nations
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
WWF
World Wildlife Fund
To celebrate Biodiversity Day during 2010, the UN International Year of Biodiversity, the Charles Darwin Foundation
launched a well-received community project to raise awareness not only of the unique flora and fauna of Galapagos,
but also of the status of humans as part of the natural web of life. We photographed hundreds of Galapagos residents
then miniaturized these portraits as integral components in a series of murals that are prominently displayed throughout the inhabited islands. Wherever these are located, Galapagos residents continue to participate by searching for
their portraits and those of family and friends within the body of a whale shark, as illustrated in the cover photo, a pair
of waved albatross, or perhaps a giant tortoise.
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Charles Darwin Foundation
Annual Report 2010
President
of the Board
of Directors
You have before you the 2009-2010 Annual Report of
the Charles Darwin Foundation (CDF) marking the start
of our next 50 years. Today I invite you to become part
of the new generation of pioneers working to achieve
a sustainable Galapagos by 2060. Together, we aim to
design a strategy based on a shared long-term vision
that addresses the rapid climatic, scientific, technological, and social changes we are currently experiencing.
There is a future that the CDF envisions and seeks: an
archipelago in which the human community lives in
harmony with the enchanted land that nature gave us,
where visitors arrive with respect and awe, as if in a
revered and hallowed place. We want Galapagos to be
a shining example to the rest of the world’s inhabitants
that it is, indeed, possible to attain such harmony, not
only here but in other parts of our Earth, as well.
In order to do so, we need a fundamental strategic
change, one that has already begun within CDF, our
people, and our partners locally and internationally.
Acknowledging the past as a valid reference, we now
chart a new way forward. It is the future that rises before us and 2060 calls upon and invites us to reposition
CDF as a model organization of excellence and as a
beacon of scientific knowledge for humanity.
I am pleased to take this opportunity to thank Peter
Kramer, our former President of the Board of Directors.
It is an honor to follow in his footsteps as well as to be
the third Ecuadorian to serve in this position in the last
51 years. My respect goes out to my colleagues Jorge
Anhalzer and Miguel Cifuentes, the two Ecuadorians who
preceded me as CDF board president in decades past.
I also wish to express my gratitude to the current members of the CDF Board of Directors: Peter Kramer, Rodolfo Rendón, Randal Keynes, Dennis Geist, Barbara
West, Sylvia Harcourt, and the Ecuadorian Ministry of
Foreign Affairs (whose representative attends our Board
meetings) for their dedicated volunteer spirit. Their support, knowledge and love for CDF and Galapagos are
worthy examples to follow.
Thanks are due as well to CDF Executive Director
Gabriel López and his excellent executive management
team, who, along with the entire CDF staff make possible the Foundation’s daily progress toward the challenge of achieving a sustainable Galapagos future.
I thank the people of Galapagos, CDF friends, strategic partners, volunteers, the scientific community, and
our natural ally, the Galapagos National Park, which
we serve, for all their support, and I reiterate the
open invitation to help make sustainability the new
Galapagos reality.
Pablo Iturralde Barba
CDF President
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Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
Sustainability:
Taking on the
Galapagos
Challenge
In 2009, the Charles Darwin Foundation (CDF) celebrated our 50th anniversary with a series of events and
visits by presidents, princes and dignitaries. To address
the fundamental conservation and development challenges facing Galapagos, we also launched three major
program initiatives: the Galapagos Geographic Index to
measure human impacts on the archipelago; the Floreana Initiative, the first-ever holistic island-wide restoration and sustainable development program; and our
Climate Change Initiative to investigate the effects of
changing weather patterns on Galapagos ecosystems.
As scientific advisers to the Government of Ecuador,
our work over the past half century has contributed to
Galapagos conservation and most recently to efforts
that led to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee’s
decision to remove the islands from its list of World
Heritage Sites in Danger.
In 2010, we observe the United Nations International Year of Biodiversity — the UN’s target date to achieve “a significant reduction in the rate of biodiversity
loss.” The world has fallen short of this goal and today
confronts an unprecedented extinction crisis caused
by human actions: Natural habitat destruction, species loss, climate change, pollution, and ill-planned
development all contribute to the rapid depletion of
ecosystems and wildlife.
Yet as a fragile island ecosystem increasingly integrated
into the global economy, Galapagos will always be at
risk. Today, Galapagos stands at a critical juncture. Together with our partners in both the public and private
sectors, CDF recognizes that despite important conservation advances, our greatest challenges lie ahead as
rapid growth places added pressure on our mission.
The fact that leading government officials recognize
this reality provides a unique, yet narrow, window of
opportunity to shape a sustainable Galapagos future.
As species and ecosystems continue to disappear
worldwide, our Galapagos efforts continue to provide
an encouraging exception to the rule. Why? In 1959,
the Government of Ecuador and our CDF founders
exhibited exceptional foresight in aiming to preserve
and restore the integrity of these islands. As a result,
some 95% of known Galapagos species survive while
new species are discovered on an ongoing basis. Today,
thanks in large part to the efforts of the Charles Darwin
Foundation and the Galapagos National Park, Galapagos remains among the world’s most ecologically-intact
oceanic archipelagos — its global significance to scientific discovery and conservation are unquestionable.
Long-term sustainability depends on the crucial decisions to be taken in the next few years. CDF’s sciencebased knowledge and counsel to government decision
makers is fundamental to creating a sustainable future
for this global treasure. The discourse surrounding a
sustainable Galapagos has never been as energized as
it is today and CDF has risen to the challenge in framing
a new sustainability dialogue. This revolves around a
fresh approach broadening the conservation agenda
and better engaging all Galapagos stakeholders in an
integrated effort to design an archipelago-wide sustainable development model that can serve as a guide for
decision making and as an example for the world.
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Charles Darwin Foundation
With the Vice President of Ecuador, Lenin Moreno.
Annual Report 2010
Rather than identify only problems, CDF and our partners now focus on sustainable solutions of a transformative scale as illustrated by our flagship initiatives and
other programmatic innovations. As part of our commitment, we launched two new programs in 2010 to
complement our flagships. The first is our new workshop
series on “Island Sustainability.” The initial workshop
focused on the threats to ecological and social sustainability caused by the geographical opening of insular
regions. Invited international experts engaged decision
makers and community members in lively interchange
and developed an agenda for future workshops including sustainable tourism, island cultures and lifestyles,
urban planning, water and waste management, energy
and transport, and climate change.
CDF is also developing an exciting new knowledge
management initiative. We seek to better integrate
our worldwide network of prestigious scientists and
research institutions, and more fully capitalize on our
unique library and natural history collections, to consolidate a comprehensive repository for all aspects of
scientific knowledge and information on Galapagos.
With the Minister of Patrimony, María Fernanda Espinosa.
This ambitious undertaking will require significant financial and human resources befitting the leading
science institution for Galapagos. The result will be an
exceptionally rich online repository that will increase
the value, impact and accessibility of existing Galapagos knowledge, facilitate the processing and management of new data, and provide a knowledge and information resource to support and catalyze research,
policy analysis and decision making.
None of these exciting initiatives would be possible
without the support of our partners around the world.
We thank you for your continuing involvement and
generous contributions. Together we will conserve
the wonders of Galapagos for present and future
generations.
Yours sincerely,
With the Minister of Environment, Marcela Aguiñaga.
J. Gabriel López, PhD
Executive Director
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Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
Floreana:
A Dream, a Goal, a Project
At the Charles Darwin Foundation, we have a dream
that is also a goal: to make Floreana Island a model of
sustainability for the entire archipelago. Working with
our partner, the Galapagos National Park, we are confident we can accomplish this goal by restoring the
island’s natural habitat and improving the quality of life
of its inhabitants.
This initiative consists of three components: the environmental, socioeconomic, and governance action plans.
The first seeks to identify the points of greatest Galapagos biodiversity concentration, reduce the risk of new
species introduction, and manage already-existing introduced species. Another objective is to determine the
feasibility of reintroducing species such as the island’s
emblematic mockingbird.
The socioeconomic component aims to enhance the
quality of life for Floreana residents by implementing
actions in community health, education, agricultural and livestock production, training, and the human
interrelationship with the island’s natural resources.
In the area of governance, efforts are directed at Parish
Board and community-leader capacity building in order
to establish a sustainable development plan. Floreana’s
Parish Board has joined the CDF-GNP project along
with other local government institutions, making the
Floreana Initiative an integral and participatory process
that promotes change by example.
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Charles Darwin Foundation
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Annual Report 2010
Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
Galapagos
without Invasive
Plants
Introduced plants pose one of the greatest threats to
Galapagos biodiversity. Intentional introduction began
with the arrival of the islands’ first inhabitants and was
mostly for food, lumber, and medicinal purposes.
Currently, nearly 60% of the 850 introduced plant species are ornamental. Some have escaped from gardens
and now pose serious problems for the islands. One notable example is shrub verbena (Lantana camara), which
was used for hedges and has now become an invasive
weed that competes for space, water and nutrients with
native and endemic Galapagos vegetation.
To combat this threat, the Charles Darwin Foundation
developed the Native Garden Program with the aim of
encouraging cultivation of native and endemic ornamentals, thus reducing the use of introduced species
in public and household gardens.
In pursuit of this goal, we have created a number of
model gardens in collaboration with the islands’ municipalities. By using native plants, these gardens demonstrate an option that is both aesthetically pleasing and
in harmony with the Galapagos environment.
Through the Floreana Initiative, CDF is working with the
students, parents and teachers of the Amazonas school
– the only school on the island, attended by children
aged 5 to 12 – to remove the introduced plants in and
around the school grounds in preparation for several
joint garden-landscaping projects. We planted a hedge
with 1,500 native glorybower (Clerodendrum molle)
and 143 native pearlberry (Vallesia glabra) plants as
a safety measure for the students, as well as to create
a more pleasant environment for the entire village.
We created a hedge with 1,500 native glorybower
(Clerodendrum molle) and 143 native pearlberry
(Vallesia glabra) plants as a safety measure
for the students.
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A Time Machine to
Teach Galapagos
Floreana Island is the site of some of Charles Darwin’s
most important discoveries. It has a very special ecosystem and is today home to 125 inhabitants according to
the latest count.
Most people here know just as little about these discoveries and their significance as the average person from
other places around the world. A recent poll found rather fuzzy ideas about questions on evolution, Charles
Darwin, and the first colonists, particularly among the
island’s youth, the 22 children registered at the Amazonas public school.
The Charles Darwin Foundation’s Education for Sustainable Development Program set out to promote a better
understanding of the importance of the island’s ecosystems and the individual role of the community members
by embracing knowledge of the past and present, and
enhancing local abilities to achieve a sustainable future.
This education program focuses not only on biodiversity
but also on human development and the special role of
residents as guardians of Floreana for future generations.
To bring science and the theory of evolution to the
people of Floreana in an understandable way, CDF commissioned Darwin’s Mysterious Watch, a book for young
readers by Nicolas Cuvi.
This engaging work of science fiction relates the story of
Martin, Raquel and Paula, three Galapagos youths who
find a watch on Tortuga Bay. But the watch turns out to
be a time machine that takes the three teenagers on an
exciting journey through space and time. From within their “time bubble,” the young trio re-lives Charles
Darwin’s adventures in Galapagos.
The three characters are contemporary Galapagos
youths. While much of the action takes place in previous
centuries, it’s all seen through their modern eyes and
written in language young people can relate to, making
all the dry scientific facts from biology class suddenly
spring to life.
Charles Darwin Foundation
Annual Report 2010
A Fresh Start
for the Floreana
Mockingbird
Charles Darwin’s first mockingbird sightings in Galapagos in 1835 carried a major impact. The mockingbirds’
slightly different appearances on the different islands
helped him realize that species can change over time,
an observation that ultimately resulted in his theory
of evolution.
Today, the Floreana mockingbird is on
the IUCN Red List of critically endangered birds.
While Darwin observed and collected Mimus trifasciatus on Floreana, sadly, it disappeared from the island
in the late 19th century and is today listed on the IUCN
Red List of critically endangered birds. Today, M. trifasciatus, the Floreana mockingbird, occurs only on two
satellite islands, Gardner-by-Floreana and Champion.
Although the birds have persisted in limited space and
genetic isolation over the course of the last century,
their long-term future cannot rely solely on these two
tiny populations of less than 700 total birds.
In the long term, such genetic deprivation and isolation
may become a problem for the birds: it reduces their
potential to adapt to new environmental conditions,
as for example climatic changes or newly emerging
diseases. In order to protect against this and maximize
the chances of survival of this rare species, a reintroduction plan for the Floreana mockingbird is one element
of CDF’s Floreana Initiative.
While some of the supporting scientific work for the
mockingbirds’ return to Floreana has been completed,
a lot remains to be done. It is anticipated that reintroduction of individuals from both islets will bolster genetic diversity and thus strengthen chances for the bird’s
long-term survival, as well as more closely replicate the
original gene pool. Floreana locals and tourists alike
may one day again be able to observe and enjoy the
uniquely engaging character of this rare species newly
returned to its home territory.
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Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
The Human Footprint on Galapagos
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Charles Darwin Foundation
Annual Report 2010
Since March 2009, CDF’s Galapagos Geographic
Index has conducted 20 major surveys addressed
to various people living in or using the islands, from
construction workers to foreign tourists.
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Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
The surveys comprise some 4,000 questionnaires
covering approximately 800 questions, which provide
some 480,000 variables. The GGI indicators are built
on these data, which were compiled for their value as
both official statistics and qualitative information.
The study of geography examines man’s imprint or
writing (“graphy”) on the Earth (“geo”). The CDF Galapagos Geographic Index (GGI) endeavors to measure
and analyze the various human impacts related to the
geographic opening of the islands, a concept defined
as the pervasive ecological and social transformations
caused in a region, such as an archipelago, by a massive influx of human beings, plant and animal life, materials, and fuel and energy inputs, among others.
In the case of long-isolated oceanic islands like Galapagos, broad geographic opening represents the
greatest threat to biodiversity conservation because
it involves a process of continentalization of island
ecosystems, which are invaded by species from the
neighboring continent. This homogenization is also
seen in Galapagos society, whose way of life is becoming more and more like that of its urban counterpart
in continental Ecuador.
The GGI takes stock of three kinds of footprints or
impacts: on the habitat, on the insular space, and on
the environmentality of the various players present in
the archipelago, including permanent and temporary
residents as well as tourists.
Environmental impacts are the best understood and are
not in themselves subjects of GGI research which instead seeks to explain their social, economic, or cultural causes. For example, we know that the high mortality rate of Galapagos birds on the Itabaca-Puerto Ayora
road is due to an increase in the number of vehicles
and to the high speeds at which they are driven. A GGI
12
study conducted in Santa Cruz reveals intense competition among a network of taxi drivers on short-term
contracts and low wages, and who are brought in from
the continent by the vehicle owners, who often have
a number of taxis working. These drivers drive fast because they are under pressure to get in the greatest number of fares possible in order to make a profit over the
daily rental cost they must pay the taxi owner. Thus, this
environmental impact will not be resolved unless the
ground transportation system on the island is changed.
The archipelagic space is organized according to networks (transportation, tourism, etc.) that extend the
region’s geographic opening to the rest of the world.
These networks are therefore spatial impacts that have
consequences not only on the environment, but also
on the lifestyle of the insular population and on tourism
industry practices.
Transport and tourism studies are indispensable for
understanding the footprints left by human mobility in
the Galapagos Islands. For instance, a tourism model
based on brief stays during which various sites are visited on different islands entails a high level of fossil
fuel consumption because it necessitates many aircraft,
boats, and an increasing number of land vehicles, and
consequently makes an obvious environmental impact.
In addition, absence of public maritime transport between the inhabited islands of Galapagos has led to the
increasing number of speedboats, whose footprint is severe, due as much to their intensive fuel consumption
as to the deaths of marine animals they cause.
Baltra’s airport and cruise ship fuel supply make it Galapagos’ tourism hub.
Environmentality expresses the relationship of a human
being with the environment, in other words with nature and the region’s space. These “medial” relations
are, at the same time, the practices and the representations that a society has on or of its surroundings:
the environmentality of a human being thus largely
explains an individual’s impacts on the environment,
not only due to the person’s economic activity but also
because of the individual or collective attitudes and
perceptions involved. This concept is useful for understanding how culture or, more precisely, the lifestyle of
a society affects the environment, which has important
consequences for both wildlife and resource conservation and the sustainability of the human community.
For example, the GGI has determined by means of a
scientific observation protocol and surveys of the inhabitants of Puerto Ayora that many are indifferent
to the litter on the city’s only two beaches as well as
to the presence of native and endemic wildlife in the
towns. These attitudes show a lack of environmentality
in failing to recognize the uniqueness of the islands,
and therefore a lack of respect.
GGI investigations are carried out in four areas (see
figure): studies of tourism and of transport are indispensable to understanding the process of the Galapagos
geographic opening; analysis of the insular population’s
lifestyle is necessary to ascertain the degree of continentalization; and research into governance in certain
key institutions, such as the municipalities, enables
an assessment of their ability to achieve established
conservation and sustainability goals.
Geographic
Opening
Tourism
Conservation
Biodiversity
Natural
Resources
Landscapes
Transportation
Lifestyle
Continentalization
Sustainability
Quality of Life
Social Progress
Cultural Identity
Governance
Processes
GGI research areas
Difficult-to-achieve sociopolitical goals
Causal relationships
Negative impacts
Decisionmaking to achieve sociopolitical
and conservation goals
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Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
Can We Conserve
Biodiversity
and Meet the Needs
of the Community?
A new biodiversity vision: a pair
of Vermilion flycatchers perched
on the endemic guava (Psidium
galapageium) surrounded by
a forest of introduced guava
(Psidium guayaba). Painting by
Magno Bennett.
14
I am happily walking along the border of the agricultural zone and the Galapagos National Park on the
eastern side of the inhabited island of Santa Cruz. The
lush green forest is full of Darwin’s finches and I pass
by the occasional giant tortoise grazing peacefully. Ten
years ago this scene would have greatly upset me – the
lush green forest is actually dominated by guava, toxic
jasmine (Cestrum auriculatum) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) – all highly invasive species. However,
things have changed. Ten years ago I was much more
idealistic and my vision of restoration was to return nature to its pristine, pre-human state. With the wisdom
of hindsight I now realize that this vision was unrealistic. The inhabited islands of the Galapagos have been
Charles Darwin Foundation
An endemic land snail, Bulimulus unifasciatus, on an introduced orange near Cerro Pajas, Floreana Island.
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Annual Report 2010
Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
irrevocably changed: 30,000 people now live here and
we have altered the landscape for agricultural production, urbanization and tourism. Furthermore, we have
brought with us more than 1500 new species – and
most of these are here to stay!
What is a realistic vision for restoration in Galapagos,
particularly in the humid highlands on the inhabited islands? A 2008 restoration workshop attended by local
and international experts came up with this vision: a
functional and self-sustaining ecosystem which retains
all native Galapagos biodiversity elements and which
meets the economic and leisure needs and values of
the local, national and international community. What
we are talking about is a cultural landscape: one that
merges the needs of conservation and people. I argue
this is a realist’s vision: despite numerous attempts and
much investment to restore highland ecosystems to a
near pristine condition, this approach has consistently
failed to deliver widespread and long-term results.
The main reason for this failure is that invasive plants
are far more competitive than native plants. Seeds of
these invasive species are long-lived and accumulate
in high numbers in the soil. Hence, many restoration
activities fail because the disturbance they create actually stimulates these seeds to germinate – thus we are
stuck in a vicious cycle. Surprisingly little research has
been done around the world to show decline of native
species attributable to biological invasions. Even less
evidence exists to show that invasives actually cause
species extinction, although there is concern about
a potential long time lag between alien invasion and
native plant extinction. A recent study by long-term
researcher Heinke Jäger showed that the invasion of
native grassland in the highlands of Santa Cruz by red
quinine (Cinchona pubescens), a forest forming tree,
resulted in the reduction in abundance of most native plant species but as yet did not cause any local
extinctions. Unfortunately, there is at least one major
exception to Heinke’s research: blackberry!
One reason why I can still feel happy walking in eastern Santa Cruz is the near absence of blackberry.
Blackberry (Rubus niveus) is without doubt the worst
invasive plant in Galapagos and now covers more than
30,000 has. of the humid highlands on five islands.
Jorge Rentería, an Ecuadorian PhD student at Imperial
16
Our goal, to keep all elements of Galapagos’
original diversity, may be more realistically reached
if we accept that it is not possible restore to a
pristine condition and that instead we need to find
ways to optimize these new ecosystems.
College London, found that the presence of thick mats
of blackberry reduced diversity by 50% and changed
the structure of a native forest. Although at the end of
the day Galapagos may be able to live with most invasive species, something urgently needs to be done
about blackberry. In response to these concerns, the
Galapagos National Park and the Charles Darwin
Foundation have been investigating the possibility of
using biological control (a natural enemy of this plant)
to reduce the abundance of blackberry mats below a
threshold of impact – a ten year project. CDF scholarship student, Claudio Crespo, has recently started this
research by simulating the effect of a biological control
agent by defoliating blackberry plants.
Tobias Dittmann standing in a coffee plantation grown under
the shade of native plants and with native ground cover.
Charles Darwin Foundation
Annual Report 2010
Looking up into a canopy of Scalesia pedunculata; native forest remnants of this endemic tree are now restricted to less than
1% of their original range.
While blackberry is cause for much concern, we cannot focus all our efforts on a single species. We need to
find ways to restore the balance of Galapagos ecosystems to a point where they can stabilize and resist further invasions. Our goal, to safeguard all elements of
Galapagos’ original biodiversity, may be more realistically reached if we accept that it is not possible to restore the archipelago to a pristine condition. Instead,
we need to find ways to optimize these new ecosystems. Richard Hobbs and his co-researchers proposed one of the most promising new concepts for this
approach to ecological restoration: “hybrid or novel
ecosystems.” These ecosystems are becoming increasingly important for conservation and are composed
of mixtures of native and exotic elements that would
naturally never have occurred.
So what might be a positive example of a viable “novel ecosystem” in Galapagos? Tobias Dittmann, a CDF
visiting scholar from Germany, has spent the last year
trying to put a value on the biodiversity of a continuum of degraded states from remnant scalesia forest to
abandoned pasture in Santa Cruz. He found that remnant scalesia forest actually has similar biodiversity to
mixed introduced forests which were dominated by
Cuban cedar (Cedrela odorata). This valuable timber
brings more $2,000,000 annually to the local economy. Furthermore, coffee grown with an over-story
of scalesia had an intermediate level of biodiversity.
Hence, it seems that novel ecosystems such as mixed
introduced forest and coffee-scalesia may be the nexus
between biodiversity conservation and the economic
needs of the community and thus could be an alternative restoration objective.
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Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
Over 50 Years of CDF
Research on the Species
Diversity of the Enchanted Isles
To understand what biodiversity really means,
we need new information about each species in
Galapagos. Where are they distributed? Are they
rare, common, unique, threatened or abundant?
What is their ecological niche, their role, their
function? What do they indicate? Are the
ecosystems that they inhabit still intact?
Biodiversity is life – the variety of species inhabiting
our Earth. From microscopically tiny bacteria to giant
whales, food crops as well as their diseases, and slime
molds every bit as much as butterflies – we are all part of
this intricate web of life, part of a community of species
that together inhabit this planet. Yet, when we talk about
biodiversity, how much do we actually know?
When Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)
invented a scientific naming system, scientists began
to use his system to classify the diversity of species on
Earth. For centuries, scientists have collected and preserved specimens, and assembled collections to be
studied and showcased. Explorers like Darwin and Humboldt traveled the world and reported new and exciting
curiosities – animals and plants never before imagined.
With their travels, the science of biogeography was born.
Everywhere they looked, scientists discovered new and
different species and it became evident that these were
not evenly distributed across continents or regions.
1) The Fringed Noctuid (Ascalapha odorata), with a wingspan
of almost 10 cm, is the largest moth native to the Galapagos
Archipelago.
2) The lichen Leptogium javanicum was first described from
the island of Java. It is distributed throughout tropical forests
worldwide, but in Galapagos has become quite rare, possibly
as a result of the degradation of the humid highland forests.
3) With its bright red plumage, the male Vermilion flycatcher
(Pyrocephalus rubinus) is a small, but rather conspicuous
native bird of the Galapagos highlands.
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Today of course we understand that isolation by climatic
and geographic barriers is the reason for this diversity,
but it took scientists centuries to begin to comprehend
that the diversity of life had slowly evolved as species
adapted to different climates and habitats.
During this period of exciting discoveries, nature’s
wealth was recklessly exploited. Continents were colonized, people enslaved, and forests razed, and early explorers frantically tried to keep pace with this destruction
– sometimes even collecting the last specimens of a
species soon to be eradicated.
Charles Darwin Foundation
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The Galapagos microcosm was part of this development, almost a showcase of exploration and destruction.
When pirates, whalers and sailors had decimated giant
tortoises, scientific expeditions were mounted to collect
and preserve reference specimens. Famously, the California Academy of Science expedition in 1905-06 visited Galapagos and assembled one of the largest such
natural history collections. Ironically, during that time,
when exploitation was already beyond its peak, this
expedition collected what today represents one of the
most comprehensive natural history archives of Galapagos biodiversity. As a result of the expedition, countless
new species were described and without this effort, we
would not today know which species are characteristic
of Galapagos.
We are tempted to blame early explorers for participating in the hunt for new discoveries, yet without their
archives no one would have noticed that a worldwide
biodiversity crisis had begun. The scientists who studied
biodiversity by collecting and archiving it were among
the first to become aware of how unique and precious,
how fragile and intricate life around us really is. Studying
biodiversity, one fundamental fact emerged: We are also
part of this global ecosystem, we do not stand on a pedestal above and apart from Earth’s biodiversity. Rather,
humans too, are an integral part of nature.
Today, biodiversity is everybody’s catchphrase: When
scientists warned of increasing degradation, international organizations were created to assure worldwide
conservation, national parks were founded to preserve
pristine areas; every effort, it seems, was made to counterbalance biodiversity destruction.
2
20
In 1964, the International Scientific Project, an expedition by acclaimed scientists, in partnership with the
IUCN, UNESCO and the Government of Ecuador, called
for a halt to the exploitation of Galapagos biodiversity.
With the establishment of the Charles Darwin Research
Station that same year, inventories were well underway
by the time the Galapagos National Park began operations in 1968. Both organizations were founded in 1959
with the revolutionary idea that science and research
should be the basis for developing the best Galapagos
conservation management strategies.
But the destruction that scientists then slowly began to
witness was a lot more subtle. Over were the hunts for
whales and giant tortoises, the slaughter had ceased,
and captive breeding and re-introduction programs began to show success. Nevertheless, Galapagos ecosystems had already been irrevocably altered. They were
no longer pristine. Galapagos was no longer isolated
from the world.
When scientists study biogeography, islands always
stand out as unique. Islands are inhabited by endemic
species found nowhere else. The more distant islands
are from a continent, the less species manage to reach
their shores. Therefore biodiversity of islands is generally
magnitudes lower than on the mainland. At the same
time, any island ecosystem is characterized by species
that had time to evolve only here – and these species
are unique, they are found nowhere else on Earth. Galapagos is no exception. Its overall biodiversity is low,
but with so many species unique to this archipelago, its
endemism is very high.
Charles Darwin Foundation
Today, however, species that on their own account
would never have reached Galapagos shores have become an integral part of a changed ecosystem. These
species arrived in cargo boats or on airplanes and despite efforts to eradicate and control these invaders, most
of the newcomers are here to stay.
Galapagos has long had the reputation as one of the
best-preserved tropical island ecosystems in the world,
but can we really be sure that this is still true?
What we do not see, we do not know. It is true that
most iconic plants and animals of the Galapagos are
all still present, they still survive. However, the ecosystems that they inhabit have been irrevocably changed.
Even scientists tend to overlook many of the less conspicuous species of the Galapagos. All too frequently we
are interested only in the things we already know. The
biodiversity that we presume to know and the biodiversity that is really characteristic of this island ecosystem
might not be the same. So, what do we actually know
about Galapagos biodiversity?
Building on fifty years of research, the CDF Biodiversity Assessment Team decided to take stock. The Charles
Darwin Research Station hosts one of the most representative natural history collections of the archipelago:
specimens of plants, fungi, invertebrates, vertebrates,
of both terrestrial and marine species. Our library is
among the best archives of scientific literature on Galapagos biodiversity. Using these resources, the idea
was born to build the first register of all species ever
reported from Galapagos.
Annual Report 2010
Today, these lists of Galapagos biodiversity are available online to researchers, students, professors, teachers, and to anyone interested via the CDF Galapagos
Species Checklist in our award-winning website (http://
www.darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists/). Our
database of CDF Natural History Collections can also
be searched online (http://www.darwinfoundation.org/
datazone/collections/collections_index.php).
Although islands are generally inhabited by much
lower biodiversity than the mainland, compiling and
assembling everything on Galapagos biodiversity is not
a trivial task. The technology available today would
have overwhelmed early explorers. Yet even with a sophisticated database, unearthing and compiling what
is known is highly time consuming. It took two years
to build and refine the technical infrastructure that today contains 10,951 names of species reported from
Galapagos. Of these, many were synonyms or were
rejected as erroneous, thus 6,203 names remain currently accepted (August 2010). Yet this probably represents but a fraction of the biodiversity that truly exists
in Galapagos!
Two years after initiating this project, we are still at the
beginning. Many additional unreported species await
discovery and numerous species reported in the literature remain to be added. Although among the best studied archipelagos in the world, this inventory has taught
us caution: Many large species groups, such as fungi
and invertebrates, have long been neglected and continue to be very poorly known. Yet, compiling mere lists
is only a start, highlighting what we still do not know.
In celebrating Galapagos biodiversity we must not forget that biodiversity is in crisis worldwide. Assembling
and organizing our knowledge is urgent. To better protect Galapagos biodiversity, we aim to continue this inventory and investigation of all species. To better understand this unique island ecosystem it is essential to better know and understand all its characteristic elements.
3
Using the CDF Library and Natural History collections, the idea was born to build the first register
of all species ever reported from Galapagos.
21
Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
Galapagos:
A Sea Turtle Sanctuary
22
Charles Darwin Foundation
Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) Quinta Playa, Isabela Island.
23
Annual Report 2010
Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
Sea turtles are emblematic species that have been part
of the make up, maintenance, and evolution of marine
ecosystems for millions of years.
The turtles’ main ecological contribution is at their breeding sites, where they arrive once a year to nest, generating
tons of organic material, nitrogen, and phosphorus. These
inputs are crucial to environments like keys and islands,
whose terrestrial systems depend on such ocean-land
exchanges.
2009-2010 was one of the most successful
turtle tagging seasons yet, with 2,811 females
tagged and 2,909 nests located at the three study
beaches. Fifty-three turtles were found dead: 45
at Quinta Playa, 7 at Bahia Barahona and 1 at Las
Bachas. The project was carried out with support
from 51 volunteers: 24 from abroad, 19 students
from continental Ecuador, and 8 local students.
Sea turtle resting and feeding activities assist in habitat
modification by forming clearings in vegetation that are
essential for the interaction and growth of new generations
of native and endemic species, thus enriching the ecosystem. In sleeping areas, they break up coral, thus facilitating predation by cryptic invertebrates like crabs, snails,
and other minute marine species.
During their life cycle, sea turtles embark on long ocean
migrations that take them from Galapagos to Central
America and southern Chile, and even as far as Indonesia, either to forage for food or to nest, thus making them
a resource shared among nations.
The Galapagos Islands have four of Earth’s seven existing
sea turtle species: the olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea),
leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), and the green sea turtle (Chelonia
mydas). The latter is the most abundant and has feeding,
resting, and nesting areas throughout the archipelago.
Because of the decreasing number of females at nesting
beaches the world over, the green turtle is on the IUCN
Red List of Threatened Species along with the six other sea
turtle species.
Historically, the green sea turtle’s most important nesting
site in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean was Michoacan,
Mexico, but overexploitation of eggs and adults there
caused a 90% decrease in the population over the last
three decades. Consequently, Galapagos is now considered the most important nesting site for the green sea turtle
in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. The Galapagos population
has been shown to be stable over time, at approximately 1,400 nesting females, estimated for the 1976–1982
and 1999–2001 periods.
While the laws governing the Galapagos National Park
(GNP) and Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) protect
sea turtles, their developing eggs and neonates are under
24
In the 2010-2011 study, we hope to be able to
begin joint tagging and recapture projects that
will enable us to enhance our understanding of
the migratory behavior of Galapagos sea turtle
populations under varying climate conditions. We
also plan to devise tools to minimize the impact of
human activities and to analyze and study
previously unknown health conditions in this
fascinating reptile population.
Charles Darwin Foundation
attack by such introduced species as pigs, cats, fungi,
bacteria, and fly larvae. In addition, illegal fishing operations occasionally occur in the GMR and negatively
affect the turtles. Moreover, the Galapagos management plan allows fishing and tourism activities in sensitive zones such as nesting sites and foraging areas, thus
exposing these species to frequent interaction with humans and an increasing occurrence of boat collisions,
entanglement in nets, and collapse of nests where eggs
are damaged, among other dangers.
Despite these drawbacks, the Galapagos Archipelago’s
status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, national
park and marine reserve make these islands vital to
the global conservation of the green sea turtle, having
proved to be the only place in the Eastern Pacific where
Annual Report 2010
this species has not only maintained but also increased
its population, in contrast to other areas, where it has
been decimated.
In 2009, the Charles Darwin Foundation and the Galapagos National Park continued their bi-institutional
green sea turtle nest-monitoring project, which was
systematized and standardized by Patricia Zárate
between 2000 and 2008. Three nesting sites were
monitored in the 2009-2010 season – Quinta Playa
and Bahia Barahona on Isabela and Las Bachas on
Santa Cruz – to improve understanding of green sea
turtle demography in Galapagos, assess its current
conservation status, and provide the GNP with information to guide planning of future green sea turtle
conservation measures.
Egg chamber of the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas).
The Galapagos Archipelago’s status as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, national
park and marine reserve make these islands vital to the global conservation of the
green sea turtle. It is the only place in the Eastern Pacific where this species has
not only maintained but also increased its population.
25
Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
CDF Fisheries Model Reveals
Conservation Success in
the Galapagos Marine Reserve
26
Charles Darwin Foundation
The open waters of the Galapagos Marine Reserve
(GMR) have been the arena of a heavy industrial fishery
since the 1930s. The target species were tunas, with
catches that ranged from 412 MT in 1933 to more than
2300 MT in 1940. Many bait species, such as sardines
and salmeas, were also heavily exploited. During the
period 1995-1997, about 16 industrial fishing boats
were operating and catching around 40000 MT of
yellowfin, big eye and skip jack tuna in and around
the GMR.
Anual report 2010
In 1998, industrial fishing was banned under the newly
promulgated Special Law for Galapagos, allowing only
artisanal fishermen with small boats and simple gear to
fish GMR waters. That same year, the strongest El Niño
event of the past century hit the archipelago.
While the effect of the 1998 El Niño on the GMR fishery has been documented for some species, the effect
of the industrial fishing ban had not as yet been analyzed due to the difficulty in assessing fish populations
27
Charles Darwin Foundation Anual report 2009
that are unharvested as well as unseen. CDF marine
scientists therefore designed a theoretical approach to
overcome this problem and explored, through the use
of a dynamic energy flow model of the GMR, how the
industrial fishing ban, in conjunction with the El Niño
event, may have affected the Galapagos Marine Reserve. The model was constructed based on fisheries and
ecological data for the period of the late 1990s, when
industrial fishing was still permitted. This model helped
to identify the most important groups in terms of biomass
and energy flow in the system. The model was then subjected to a 50% reduction in primary productivity during the El Niño time frame of 10 months, and to a 90%
reduction in industrial fishing (10% illegal fishing was
still accounted for). As a response to these adjustments,
the model simulated biomass changes for the different
species groups over the 12-year time span 1998-2010.
Since most large pelagic fish and shark species are not
full-time residents of the GMR, but instead migrate at
least part-time to other areas of the Pacific, it was necessary to estimate their residence times (fraction of total
lifetime spent in the Reserve) and to take these residence
times into account for the biomass simulations. CDF’s
ongoing shark-tagging studies in the GMR provided
invaluable information for these estimates and our catchmonitoring data for the large pelagic fish was also used
to infer probable ranges for the residence times of these
species in the GMR.
28
CDF’s ongoing shark-tagging project and
catch-monitoring data on large pelagic fish provided
reference information for estimates of GMR
residence times for several species.
CDF’s simulations revealed very complex system-wide
changes at all trophic levels of the ecosystem. The large
fish with the highest increase in population biomass
during the 12-year period were benthopelagic sharks
(37%), followed by large pelagic sharks (24%), wahoo
(13%), tuna (13%), hammerhead sharks (15%), marlins
(6.3%) and swordfish (2%). The sailfish, benthic fish,
jacks and small pelagics did not show any significant
changes, while the scombrid (i.e., mackerel) group’s
decrease in biomass was inversely proportional to the
increase of the top predatory shark and fish groups.
The population increase for the above groups remained
substantial even at a hypothetical residence time of only
10%. Since the 1997-98 El Niño also affected the ecosystem, both effects had to be simulated simultaneously.
Charles Darwin Foundation
Annual Report 2010
Flowchart of GMR-Model
(pre-1998); size of circles are
scaled to group biomass and
width of linkages are scaled
to the amount of flow; trophic
level is given on the y-axis.
The model simulations show that El Niño suppressed the positive effect of the fishing ban for about 3 years for most
species, showing that a significant reduction in production of phytoplankton and macroalgae heavily disrupts the
ecosystem from the bottom up, affecting even the top predators such as sharks and large pelagic fish. Published independent monitoring data from other sources on marine mammals, birds and sea turtles also confirms their population
reductions as simulated by the CDF model.
The findings of this research suggest that, despite the 2-to-3 year system disruption caused by the 1997-98 El Niño,
the pelagic systems of the GMR have undergone a substantial recovery process for large pelagic fish and sharks since
industrial fishing was banned 12 years ago. This may explain why large numbers of industrial fishing boats are constantly spotted at the borders of the GMR where, due to a spillover effect, catches seem to be higher than further away
from the GMR. Thanks to the industrial fishing ban, the Galapagos Marine Reserve represents one of the very few areas
in the world’s oceans to exhibit a clear sign of ecosystem restoration. The simulations of the CDF study suggest that it
takes a fishing ban of 3-to-5 years for large pelagic fish and about a decade for large sharks to show signs of significant
population recovery.
Relative Biomass Change
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
El Niño and Industrial Fishery
1
7
13
19
25
31
37
43
49
55
61
67
73
79
85
91
97
103
109
115
121
127
133
139
145
0.0
Months
Combined effect of the El Niño and the fishery reduction on
the different groups of sharks, large pelagic fish, sea lions,
flightless cormorants & penguins, and sea turtles.
2: Cormorants, Penguins
3: Sea Turtles
4: Sea lions and seals
10: Juvenile sharks
11: Benthopelagic sharks
12: Large pelagic sharks
13: Hammerhead sharks
14: Marlins
15: Swordfish
16: Sailfish
17: Wahoo
18: Dolphin (fish)
19: Tunas (spp)
Thanks to the industrial fishing ban, the GMR
represents one of the very few areas in the world’s
oceans to exhibit signs of ecosystem restoration.
29
Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
Financial Report 2009
The independent auditing firm BDO has audited the
Financial Statements for the year ended December
31, 2009, and expressed its unqualified opinion thereof, in keeping with the requirements of the governments
of Ecuador and Belgium.
Revenue
Revenue for 2009 amounted to US$ 4,415,599, a 20%
increase over 2008, despite the strong downturn in the
global economy.
The international community continues to be the
mainstay of our programs and primary support for the
fulfillment of our goals.
Revenue from Government Organizations rose by 51%
because of the fishery and sea turtle monitoring agreement with the GNP; however, we are still experiencing
the effects of the financial crisis on income from foundations and other private donors.
Expenditures
Revenue received in 2009 funded 61% of the Research,
Technical Assistance, and Information programs carried
out in fulfillment of the CDF mission.
Expenses were targeted to supporting research, monitoring, and species-control activities in the archipelago, establishing a pro-active strategy in the area of education
for sustainability, and providing continuing advice and
support to partner institutions in Galapagos conservation. A major recurring expense was ongoing investment
in the scholarship and volunteer program, which gives
priority to the local community and focuses on capacity
building for local environmental conservation.
Administrative expenses in 2009 amounted to 27%
of total expenditures. Emphasis was given to maintenance and improvement of buildings and facilities, physical safety, and strengthening of institutional relations.
Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands (AISBL) Balance Sheet (in US dollars)
Years ended on December 31
Assets
Non-current assets:
Property, equipment, vehicles, furniture, and fixtures
Trust fund
Total non-current assets
Current assets:
Prepaid expenses
Stock on hand
Other current accounts receivable
Current income and sales tax receivable
Investments held to maturity
Cash
Total current assets
Total assets
Net worth and liabilities:
Capital fund
Restricted assets
Capital reserve
Accumulated surplus
Total net worth
Non-current liabilities:
Non-current provisions for employee benefits
Current liabilities:
Current provisions for employee benefits
Accrued expenses payable
Trade accounts payable and other accounts payable
Current income and sales tax payable
Total current liabilities
Total liabilities
Total net worth and liabilities
32
2009
2008
391,899
22,848
414,747
453,646
24,859
478,505
–
44,908
276,604
104,833
484,409
337,527
1’248,281
1’663,028
386
107,599
342,051
91,883
84,429
212,689
839,037
1’317,542
479,595
588,303
(1’059,838)
950,040
958,100
479,595
588,303
(1’059,838)
682,678
690,738
320,743
297,620
30,208
_
344,518
9,459
384,185
704,928
1’663,028
90,275
22,239
216,670
–
329,184
626,804
1’317,542
Charles Darwin Foundation
Annual Report 2010
Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands (AISBL) Cash Flow Statement (in US dollars)
Years ended on December 31
Cash flows from operating activities:
Cash received from donors and for services rendered
Cash received from sale of assets
Cash paid out to suppliers, projects and employees
Interest received
Other income, net
Net cash provided (used) by operating activities
Cash flows from investment activities:
Decrease (increase) in investments held to maturity
Cash received from sale of property, equipment, vehicles, and furniture and fixtures
Payment for purchases of property, equipment, vehicles, and furniture and fixtures
Net cash provided (used) by investment activities
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payment of non-current employee benefit provisions
Net cash used in financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash
Cash at the start of the year
Cash at the end of the year
2009
2008
3’818,032
462,325
(3,816,660)
8,332
128,817
600,846
3,595,081
–
(4,376,551)
–
18,724
(762,746)
(399,980)
–
(19,956)
(419,936)
267,161
13,438
(36,755)
243,844
(56,072)
(56,072)
124,838
212,689
337,527
(39,462)
(39,462)
(558,364)
771,053
212,689
Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands (AISBL) Statement of Changes in Net Worth (in US dollars)
Years ended on December 31
Capital fund
Starting and closing balance
Restricted assets
Starting and closing balance
Capital reserve
Starting and closing balance
Accumulated surplus
Starting balance
Adjustment revenue previous years
Adjustment fixed assets previous years
Adjustment effect employer retirement and severance pay previous years
Adjustment for write-off of accounts receivable previous years
Net surplus / deficit
Closing balance
Foundation’s total net worth
2009
2008
479,595
479,595
588,303
588,303
(1’059,838)
(1’059,838)
682,678
_
_
(38,509)
(15,797)
321,668
950,040
958,100
1,561,399
226,795
(58,664)
(68,015)
(46,928)
(931,909)
682,678
690,738
33
Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
2009
2008
FOGOS, Travel Partners, Individuals, Foundations, NGOs and Others
Government Organizations
Sales and Services
REVENUE
3,201,185
489,234
725,180
2,537,544
324,929
808,966
Total Revenue
4,415,599
3,671,440
EXPENDITURES
2009
2008
Research, Technical Assistance and Information
Institutional Management and Administration
Cost of Sales and Services
2,416,406
1,096,959
478,197
2,775,046
1,146,695
564,238
Total Expenditures
3,991,562
4,485,980
102,368
117,370
Depreciation
REVENUE
EXPENDITURES
Cost of Sales and Services
16%
FOGOS, Travel Partners, Individuals, Foundations, NGOs,
and Others 73%
Cost of Sales and Services
12%
Institutional
Management
and Administration
27%
Governmental
Organizations
11%
34
Research, Technical Assistance and Information 61%
Charles Darwin Foundation
Annual Report 2010
Donors 2009
Over recent decades, there have been rapid shifts in the Galapagos political, social, economic, and environmental
landscape. As CDF evolves to meet these challenges, our research provides a deeper understanding of the natural
history of the archipelago and the hard data and technical advice to guide the management of this precious archipelago. Working in close partnership with an array of agencies of the Government of Ecuador, local officials, the
private sector, and other stakeholders whose mandate is the conservation and sustainable management of Galapagos,
our work helps to ensure a lasting and ever-vibrant Galapagos. Our success depends on the generosity of individuals
and organizations and it is the trust and ongoing commitment of our supporters that enables our legacy to endure. We
whole-heartedly thank the supporters who made our work possible in 2009.
Corporations
Travel Partners
$250,000 - $999,999
• International Watch
Company, Schaffhausen
$50,000 - $249,999
• Toyota Environmental Activities
Grant Program of Toyota Motor
Corporation
$10,000 - $49,999
Up to $9,999
• BESS Forest Club
• Keidanren Nature Conservation
Fund
• OMAS SrL
Foundations/ Non-Governmental Organizations
$250,000 - $499,999
• The Leona M. and Harry B.
Helmsley Charitable Trust
$100,000 - $249,999
• Boston Environmental Research (B)
$10,000 - $99,999
• Basler Stiftung für Biologische
Forschung (C )
• Stanley Smith Horticultural Trust,
US (B)
• Conservation International,
Ecuador
• Oak Philanthropy Limited
• Philecology Trust (B)
$5,000 - $9,999
• Bay and Paul Foundations(B)
• Erwin-Warth Stiftung (C )
• World Wildlife Fund Galapagos
$1,000 - $4,999
• Stanley Smith Horticultural Trust,
UK (A)
• Peace Boat
• Young Presidents Organization
• Penguin Fund of Japan
Government, Bilateral and Multilaterals
$10,000 - $49,999
• Belgian Science Policy
$5,000 - $9,999
• British Embassy, Quito, Ecuador
• Government of the Netherlands
• Max Planck Institute Germany
$1,000 - $4,999
• United States Embassy, Quito,
Ecuador
• Delegation of the European
Commission to Ecuador
$250,000 - $499,000
• Lindblad/National Geographic Fund
$10,000 - $249,999
• International Galapagos Tour
Operators Association(B)
$1,000 - $9,999
• Steppes Discovery
• The Intrepid Foundation
• South American Tours
• Galapagos Travel
Individuals
$10,000 - $49,999
$1,000 - $9,999
$500 - $999
• Ahti Heinla
• Miss Moore (legacy gift)
• Kenneth and Diane Saladin (B)
Rosalind Beesley • Gustav Bergman
• Michael & Paula Darrington
• Louis & Elizabeth Deamicis • Karen
Doyle • Anne Estham • Louis Hirsch
• William Hirsch • Flemming & Karin
Jensen • Christopher & Pamela Jordan
• Heather Kiernan • Barbara Knighton
• Brian Lott • John & Mette Marston
• Susan Meek • Birgit Popp • Robert
Raley • Simon & Sandra Rothon
• Stanford University Alumni Association • William Stone • Jay Venkatesan
• Lorraine Walla • Steve Weinstein
• Jann Wenner • Diane Wood
Joseph M. and Marie Field • Rabbe
Groenblom • Janet M. & Newell S.
Knight, Jr. (B) • Millikin University
Biology Class 2009 • Ellen Ramsay
• Stefan Reichenberger • Richard
Robinson
In-Kind Support
• AEROGAL Airlines • British Embassy, Ecuador • Ecoventura
• Emergency Communication Without Frontiers (ECWF)
• GALAPAGOS AGGRESSOR I & II. • Hotel Dann Carlton Quito
• Lindblad Expeditions • Planet Action • Swen Lorenz • TAME
Airlines • The Charles Darwin Trust • UNESCO Ecuador
Some of CDF´s support is received through partnerships with Friends of Galapagos Organizations: (FOGOs) A) Galapagos Conservation Trust, B) Galapagos
Conservancy, C) Frankfurt Zoological Society, D) Swiss Friends of Galapagos, E) Japan Association for Galapagos
35
Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
“When something as irretrievable as Galapagos is under threat, this
concerns all of us, and we are proud that we are able to support
the extraordinary work of the Charles Darwin Foundation.”
Georges Kern
CEO, International Watch Company - Schaffhausen
IWC Schaffhausen, founded in Switzerland in 1868, has established
a world reputation for setting standards. IWC has a long heritage and a
passion for ingenious inventions, innovative solutions and technical refinements. For many years, IWC has emphasized their corporate commitment to maintaining a sustainable and protected environment through
its partnerships with globally active players and non-profit organizations
that have set themselves apart as the leaders in environmental and marine
conservation. For over 50 years CDF has been the foremost organization exclusively dedicated to the conservation of Galapagos, undertaking
scientific research and contributing to practical applications for long-term
and effective management of the archipelago and surrounding seas. It is a
natural partnership for IWC and the CDF to unite to ensure the sustainability of the fragile Galapagos ecosystem.
Auspiciously the relationship began in 2009, the 50th anniversary of the Charles Darwin Foundation. IWC has committed to donating a total of $1.5 million in unrestricted funds to CDF over three years. The centerpiece of IWC’s
global campaign is the “Aquatimer Chronograph Edition Galapagos Islands” diver’s watch. In addition to helping
to fund the CDF’s primary research, IWC will collaborate in outreach events to raise public awareness about this
irreplaceable archipelago. IWC now takes a place among the patrons and guardians of this global jewel helping
to ensure that the history of the Galapagos continues to be written.
“The CDF’s single dedication to Galapagos, and its long, important history as a
conservation leader in the islands, is a central factor in the impressive biological
health of the islands 500 years after their discovery”.
Johannah Barry
President, Galapagos Conservancy.
The Galapagos Islands are an extraordinary natural resource, a biological gift to the world. Their
important place in mankind’s understanding of the origin and dynamics of evolution has drawn
scientists, artists, conservationists, and visitors to this small archipelago off the coast of Ecuador
to learn, to admire and to engage. The Charles Darwin Foundation is a critical, independent
organization dedicated to providing sound technical advice to the Government of Ecuador to protect this World Heritage Site.
Galapagos Conservancy is proud and honored to be a long-term partner to the Foundation in its important work. Since our founding in 1985, our work with the Foundation has brought us together with an international network of institutions and individuals
dedicated to preserving and protecting this archipelago. Our work with the Foundation and the Galapagos National Park, as the
largest private funder of Project Isabela, saw the ecological restoration of northern Isabela, and the recovery of plant and animal
species feared to be lost. We have been privileged to be a part of other recovery and restoration efforts on Pinta and Pinzon
islands, and critical work on Española. We believe that our investments in the important efforts to understand ecosystem health and
integrity have been relevant and successful, thanks to the excellent work of the staff at the CDF.
36
Charles Darwin Foundation
Annual Report 2010
“Galapagos needs new strategic investments to build on conservation successes
and to address today’s challenges. We are proud to play a significant role in ensuring
the future of one of the world’s most special places”.
John Codey, Trustee of the Helmsley Trust
The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust recognizes the importance of the CDF’s efforts
to protect the rich biological diversity unique to Galapagos that is threatened by a variety of factors.
Our support enables CDF to undertake applied interdisciplinary research, coordinate public fora
and develop policy and program recommendations for agencies of the Government of Ecuador,
local government, the private sector, and other stakeholders whose mandate is the conservation and
sustainable management of the Galapagos archipelago as well as engaging the local population to
protect their home and livelihood. Without these measures, the emblematic species and ecosystems
of Galapagos could be lost forever.
“I am delighted that the British Embassy in Quito has maintained a close relationship
with the Charles Darwin Foundation for many years. I was particularly pleased to have
been able to support the Galapagos Science Symposium hosted by the Foundation in
July 2009. It was a fantastic opportunity for me to learn in more depth about the issues
facing these fragile Islands and the CDF’s success in bringing together scientists from
all over the world was impressive. It did though also bring home to me the enormous
amount of work needed to protect the Islands from different threats, including humans!
Linda Cross
British Ambassador to Ecuador
During their visit to the research station in March 2009, Their Royal Highnesses The
Prince of Wales and The Duchess of Cornwall were able to see first hand the good
work being done. TRH learned about the threat of introduced species and CDF´s research to find solutions. Notably, the experiments carried out in the insect
containment unit provided by our Embassy in 1999 helped find an answer
to a pest insect that is now under control.
Before leaving, His Royal Highness noted the importance of protecting the delicate balance on the Galapagos Islands
and how vital the work of the CDF is to securing their future. I look forward to continuing our fruitful relationship”.
“Our organizations share the goal of inspiring people to care about the planet. It is our belief that
through responsible education-based travel, our guests can gain an invaluable appreciation and
awareness of areas in need of protection and give back in a significant way.”
Sven Lindblad
Founder, Lindblad Expeditions, Inc.
The Lindblad/National Geographic Fund was created to harness the experiences of our guests and
turn it into support for conservation, education and sustainable development initiatives focused on
protecting the Galapagos environment as well as the well-being of its residents. The Fund is a strong
partnership and link between the visitor, the Galapagos National Park, and important conservation institutions. By supporting the CDF programs, we play a significant role in the development
of innovative measures to confront the emerging challenges facing Galapagos.
37
Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
Friends of Galapagos Organizations (FOGOs)
CDF is privileged to count on the commitment of the international Friends of Galapagos Organizations (FOGOs) in
various countries which partner with the CDF to raise both funds and awareness in support of conservation in Galapagos. The FOGOs are dedicated independent national organizations whose sole aim is to support the conservation of
Galapagos. Primarily membership organizations, FOGOs work within their respective countries to develop long-term
relationships with donors (individuals, foundations, governments, and others) and campaign for the conservation of
Galapagos. FOGOs often play a key role in obtaining and administering specific grants included in the CDF
donor list.
We extend our sincere appreciation to these valuable partners.
Friends of Galapagos Organizations
$500,000 - $999,000
• Galapagos Conservancy, USA
$100,000 - $499,999
• Frankfurt Zoological Society - Help for Threatened Wildlife
• Galapagos Conservation Trust, UK
$50,000 - $99,999
• Swiss Friends of Galapagos
$10,000 - $49,999
• Friends of Galapagos Netherlands
• Friends of Galapagos New Zealand
• The Japanese Association for Galapagos
• Charles Darwin Foundation of Canada
• The Galapagos Darwin Trust (Luxembourg)
$1,000 - $9,999
Learn More
Find out more about the wildlife and ecosystems of Galapagos and the
issues facing them. Visit our website at www.darwinfoundation.org
Support the Work of the Charles Darwin Foundation
The CDF is the only organization offering onsite research,
knowledge, information and technical assistance to ensure the
conservation of Galapagos ecosystems and biodiversity. We
cannot do it without you. Please join us today by making a
gift and helping to ensure that our next 50 years of science
for Galapagos bring us closer to a sustainable future for this
archipelago, unique in the entire world.
Please visit our award-winning website at:
www.darwinfoundation.org
where you will find numerous ways to help Galapagos today.
38
Donate using PayPal. CDF has partnered with
PayPal to allow you to securely support our work
from anywhere in the world, in any currency.
Help raise funds for CDF by shopping at:
www.amazon.com
Amazon will donate 4% on each item you purchase via our website.
For more information, please contact our development department at [email protected]
Charles Darwin Foundation
Annual Report 2010
General Assembly Members
The General Assembly is the governing body of the CDF and reflects its international character. Members include
scientists, philanthropists, Ecuadorian Government officials, and others dedicated to the CDF’s mission. The Assembly
sets policy, issues regulations, elects the Board of Directors, and approves the operating plan and budget, as well as
manages other important matters. The president of the CDF Board of Directors presides over the General Assembly at
its annual meeting in Ecuador.
Board
Pablo Iturralde - President
Peter Kramer - Vice President
Barbara West - Treasurer
Sylvia Harcourt-Carrasco - Secretary
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Dennis Geist
Randal Keynes
Rodolfo Rendón
Honorary Members
Rodrigo Borja Cevallos
Katherine Coolidge Lastavica
Sixto Duran-Ballén
Irenaeus Eibl-Eibesfeldt
Jacinto Gordillo
Peter Grant
Rosemary Grant
Cleveland Hickman Jr.
Oswaldo Hurtado Larrea
Syuzo Itow
Richard Keynes
John Lastavica
Sven-Olof Lindblad
HRH The Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Plutarco Naranjo
Roger Perry
Governing Members
Oswaldo Báez
Maria Eulalia Arízaga de Balfour
Robert Bensted-Smith
Rodrigo Bustamante
Luis Calvopiña
Desirée Cruz Reyna
Lynn Fowler de Abad
Galapagos Conservancy
Galapagos Conservation Trust
Galapagos National Park Service
Elena Gualancanay
Ole Hamann
Juan Holguín
Macarena Iturralde
Michael Jackson
Andrew Laurie
Craig MacFarland
Luis Maldonado Robles
Conley K. McMullen
Godfrey Merlen
Ministry of Environment
Presidency of Ecuador
Raymond F. Rifenburg
UNESCO
Carlos Valle
Tjitte de Vries
Active Members
David Anderson
Laura Arcos
Alfredo Arévalo Tello
Léon Baert
David Balfour
Bernardo Beate
Linda Cayot
Segundo Coello
CONESUP
Guy Coppois
Felipe Cruz
Sarah Darwin
Tui De Roy
Dolores Gangotena de Diez
Fernando Espinosa
Joseph P. Flanagan
Emma Flor de Tejada
Frankfurt Zoological Society
Tom Fritts
Oscar Gordillo
Jack Stein Grove
Minard (Pete) Hall
Freddy Herrera
Hendrik Hoeck
Marinus S. Hoogmoed
Geographic Military Institute
Galapagos Governing Council
National Fishery Institute
Naval Oceanographic Institute
IRD
Lukas Keller
Friedemann Koester
Bernard Landry
Octavio Latorre
María López
Kazumi Matsuoka
Max Planck Institute for Ornithology
Metropolitan Touring
Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock
Museum of Natural Sciences
Reyna Oleas
Eugenia del Pino
Duncan Porter
Guenther Reck
Carmen Rivadeneira de Moncayo
José Rodriguez Rojas
Marcelo Santos Vera
Juan Schiess
Roque Sevilla
SENACYT
Smithsonian Institution
Heidi Snell
Howard Snell
Jennifer Stone
Luis Suárez
Jim Thorsell
Fritz Trillmich
Roberto Troya
Hernán Vargas
Vice Presidency of Ecuador
José L. Villa
Pádraig Whelan
Martin Wikelski
International Union for Conservation
of Nature (IUCN)
WWF
39
Staff Santa Cruz
We Are CDF
The efforts of the CDF depend on a hardworking and dedicated
group of people. More than 70% of CDF staff is permanent resident
in Galapagos and nearly 90% are Ecuadorian.
Daniel Acurio
Evelyn Albarrazín
Andrea Andrade
Rachel Atkinson
Lorena Balón
Stuart Banks
Juan Barreno
Lenyn Betancourt
Washington Bravo
Karola Buitrón
Frank Bungartz
Goberth Cabrera
Lucio Cabrera
Aide Cadena
Sandy Calderón
Roslyn Cameron
Welington Carrión
René Carrión
Wilson Carrión
Nuria Cedillo
Kleber Chango
Freda Chapman
Martha Chica
María Chiliquinga
Sonia Cisneros
Emmanuel Cléder
Paulina Couenberg
Felipe Cruz
David Cruz
Adelita Cruz
Francesca Cunninghame
Julio Delgado
Olivier Devineau
Pilar Díaz
Edwin Díaz
Santiago Espinel
Elena Farías
Luis Fernández
Mark Gardener
Pamela Gavilánez
Cristina Georgii
Maira Gómez
Jonathan Gómez
Germania Granda
Christophe Grenier
Noemí Guerra
José Guerrero
Anne Guézou
Juan Carlos Guzmán
Jorge Herrera
Henri Herrera
Jorge Intriago
Patricia Jaramillo
Juan Carlos Jaya
José Jiménez
Freddi Jiménez
Gustavo Jiménez
Angela Kuhn
Sandra Landázuri
Alizon Llerena
Yasmania Llerena
José Loayza
Gabriel López
Iván Maffare
40
Cinthia Manzano
Andrea Marín
Lady Márquez
Rodolfo Martínez
María Teresa Martínez
Alejandra Mejía
José Luis Mendoza
Mauricio Mieles
Luis Molina
Henry Mora
Simón Mora
Jerson Moreno
Jasmany Moreno
Francisco Moreno
José Naula
Marisol Ochoa
Mario Olaya
Alex Ontaneda
Jaime Ortiz
Jonathan Ortuño
Jimena Pacheco
Mariela Padilla
Roberto Palacios
Marco Paz
Raúl Peñafiel
César Peñaherrera
Roberto Pepolas
Amable Pilla
Mercedes Pincay
Isaac Plúas
Galo Quezada
Enrique Ramos
Solanda Rea
Bolivia Rentería
Temístocles Revelo
Belén Ribadeneira
Daniel Rivas
Patricia Robayo
Angélica Rodríguez
Bolívar Romero
Cristina Ron
Lita Ruiz
Diego Ruiz
Danny Ruiz
Elmer Salazar
José Sánchez
Mayra Sánchez
Alfredo Santillán
María Santillán
Anna Schuhbauer
Mirian Silva
Saskia Silva
Sandra Tapia
Monica Tigse
Natalia Tirado
Angel Ulloa
Janina Valarezo
Carlos Vega
Mariana Vera
Angela Vera
Sophie Veran
Gabriela Verdesoto
Matthias Wolff
Staff Isabela
Staff San Cristóbal
Staff Quito
Scholars
The CDF awards scholarships to exceptional students in Galapagos and provides financial aid and other forms of
support to promising Ecuadorian postgraduate students in the fields of conservation, science and education.
Galapagos Scholars
National Thesis Scholars
Carolina Carrión, Johanna Carrión, Sandra García, Vanessa Jalka, Edgar Masaquiza, Natasha Oviedo , Grace
Pesantes, Felix Reyes , Jennifer Suárez, Jeisser Vernaza
Susana Chamorro, Angela Kuhn, Jorge Rentería, Raquel
Valencia
International Thesis Scholars
Leidy Reyes
Volunteers
National and international volunteer students and professionals benefit from a hands-on conservation experience
with the CDF. Their considerable expertise and dedication contributes to building the Foundation’s capacity to
effectively respond to the challenges facing Galapagos.
International Volunteers
Pamela Actis, David Acuña, Sofía Alderete, Anna Alonso, Marina Andrés, Milagros Antún, Lawrie Arends,
Brent Barrett, Cheryl Barreto, Bianca Bergamino, Stephen Blake, Eliana Bontti, Elisabeth Bram, Sophie
Brouyère, Juan Caballero, Carlos Calvo, Patricia Campos, Samuel Clarke, Lillian Connett, Jonathas Da Silva, Sharon Deem, Tobias Dittmann, Sarah Duquette,
Alejandro Fernández, Gabriela Garcia, Samanta Gerdel, Kelsey Griffin, Josselin Guyot-Tephany, Lena Heel,
Hernan Hidalgo, Georg Hillmann, Rosemary Hohnen,
Niels Jobstvogt, Gabrielle Johnson, Lucy Jordan, Lotta
Kluger, Søren Kristensen, Celeste Kroeger, Annika Krutwa, Pierre Le Dû, Verónica Linares, Gwyneth MacMillan, Patricia Martín, Macarena Parra, Sanna Perkiö,
Lucas Philbert, Giulia Prato, Alba Remolar, Nuria Rodríguez, John Rose, Donna Rowe, Robert Sanzogni, Robin
Schroeder, Sarah Sutcliffe, Amanda Trueman, Jacintha
Van Beveren, Mary Witoshynsky, Frauke Ziemmeck.
Local Volunteers
María Arce, Grace Balladares, César Ballesteros, Alvaro Baque, Juan Barreno, María Buitrón, Ana Carrión,
Cristhian Castro, Katherine Cedeño, Nuria Cedillo,
María Chango, Silvana Coello, Anahí Concari, Priscilla
Espin, Mireya Freíre, Gabriela Guaycha, Augusto Haz,
José Herrera, María Hidalgo, Kimberly Llanos, Diana
Loyola, Nancy Macías, Rosario Martínez, Juan Masaquiza, Sandra Masaquiza, Nathaly Padilla, Nery Plúa,
Daniel Sabando, Jessica Salazar, Betzy Sánchez, María
Silva, David Suárez, Oliver Tisalema, Yanella Tutivén,
Cristhian Vargas, Rosa Vargas, Alfonso Velasteguí, Astrid Woitzyk, Mario Yépez, Yadira Acosta, Mayra Masaquiza, Dagmar Ramírez, Victor Rentaría.
National Volunteers
David Anchundia, Carlos Bastidas, Edison Betancourt,
Elvis Celi, Verónica Condo, Claudio Crespo, Adrián
Díaz, Valeria Dután, José Feijoó, Jonathan Guijarro,
Margarita León, Nivia Luzuriaga, Gabriela Madrid,
Galo Menéndez, Carlos Montenegro, Eunice Ordóñez,
Winer Reyes, Juan Salazar, Oscar Suing, Gabriel Vaca,
Stefany Vega, Diego Villagómez, Mayra Villamar, Alexis
Villavicencio, Carolina Zabala.
National FAE Volunteers
Luis Casa, Marcelo Coronel, Diego Jiménez, Oscar
Olmedo, William Puetate, Jhon Urgilés.
41
Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
Publications
Peer Reviewed
2009
Alava J.J., M.G. Ikonomou, P.S. Ross, D. Costa, S. Salazar, D.
Aurioles-Gamboa & F.A.P.C. Gobas. 2009. Polychlorinated
biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Galapagos
sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki). Environmental Toxicology
and Chemistry 28: 2271–2282.
Gardener M.R., S. Cordell, M. Anderson & R.D. Tunnicliffe.
2010. Evaluating the long-term project to eradicate the
rangeland weed Martynia annua: linking community with
conservation. Rangeland Journal: In press.
Gibbs J.P., E.J. Sterling & F.J. Zabala. 2010. Giant tortoises
as ecological engineers: a long-term quasi-experiment in the
Galapagos Islands. Biotropica 42: 208-214.
Coria-Galindo E., E. Rancel-Huerta, A. Verdujo-Rodriguez,
D. Brousset, S. Salazar & L. Padilla-Noriega. 2009. Rotavirus
infections in Galapagos sea lions. Journal of Wildlife Diseases
45: 722-728.
Guézou A., M. Trueman, C.E. Buddenhagen, S. Chamorro,
A.M. Guerrero, P. Pozo & R. Atkinson. 2010. An extensive alien
plant inventory from the inhabited areas of Galapagos. PLoS
ONE 5(4): e10276. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010276.
Guerrero A.M. & A. Tye. 2009. Darwin’s finches as seed
predators and dispersers. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 121:
752–764.
Hearn A., J.T Ketchum, A.P. Klimley, E. Espinoza & C.
Peñaherrera. 2010. Hotspots within hotspots? Hammerhead
shark movements around Wolf Island, Galapagos Marine
Reserve. Marine Biology 157: 1899-1915. DOI:10.1007/
s00227-010-1460-2.
Harris C.M., K.J. Park, R. Atkinson, C. Edwards & J.M.J.
Travis. 2009. Invasive species control: incorporating lifehistory data and seed dispersal into a management model for
Rhododendron ponticum. Ecological Informatics 4: 226-233.
Hoeck P.E., M.A. Beaumont, K.E. James, R.B. Grant, P.R.
Grant & L.F. Keller. 2009. Saving Darwin’s muse: evolutionary
genetics for the recovery of the Floreana mockingbird. Biology
Letters 6: 212-215. DOI:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0778.
Lindhardt M.S., M. Philipp, A. Tye & L.R. Nielsen. 2009.
Molecular, morphological and experimental evidence for
hybridization between threatened species of the Galapagos
endemic genus Scalesia (Asteraceae). International Journal of
Plant Sciences 170: 1019–1030.
Roque-Albelo L. & B. Landry. 2009. Two new species of
Utetheisa Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Arctiinae) from
the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. ZooKeys 21: 55–72.
Weeks A. & A. Tye. 2009. Phylogeography of palo santo trees
(Bursera graveolens and Bursera malacophylla; Burseraceae)
in the Galápagos archipelago. Botanical Journal of the Linnean
Society 161: 396–410.
Whiteman N.K., V.S. Dosanjh, R. Palma, J. Hull, R.T. Kimball,
P. Sanchez, J.H. Sarasola & P.G. Parker. 2009. Molecular and
morphological divergence in a pair of bird species and their
ectoparasites. Journal of Parasitology 95: 1372-1382.
2010
Bungartz F., R. Lücking & A. Aptroot. 2010. The family
Graphidaceae (Ostropales, Lecanoromycetes) in the
Galapagos Islands. Nova Hedwigia 90: 1-44.
Carrión-Cortez J.A., P. Zárate & J.A. Seminoff. 2010.
Feeding ecology of the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas)
in the Galapagos Islands. Journal of the Marine Biological
Association of the United Kingdom 90: 1005-1013.
Castro S.A., C.C. Daehler, L. Silva, C. Torres-Santana, A. ReyesBetancourt, R. Atkinson, P. Jaramillo, A. Guézou & F.M. Jaksic.
2010. Floristic homogenization as a teleconnected trend in
oceanic islands. Diversity and Distributions DOI:10.1111/
j.1472-4642.2010.00695.x.
Caujapé-Castells J., A. Tye, D.J. Crawford, A. Santos-Guerra,
A. Sakai, K. Beaver, W. Lobin, F.B.V. Florens, M. Moura, R.
Jardim, I. Gómes & C. Kueffer. 2010. Conservation of oceanic
island floras: present and future global challenges. Perspectives
in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 12: 107–129.
Deem S.L., J. Merkel, L. Ballweber, F.H. Vargas, M.B. Cruz
& P.G. Parker. 2010. Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in
Galapagos penguins (Spheniscus mendiculus) and flightless
cormorants (Phalacrocorax harrisi) in the Galapagos Islands,
Ecuador. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 46: 1005-1011.
Deem S.L., S. Blake, R.E. Miller & P.G. Parker. 2010. Unnatural
selection in Galapagos: the role of disease in Darwin’s finches
(Geospinizae). Galapagos Research 67: In press.
Fessl B., M. Dvorak, R.P. Young, J. Rodriguez-Matamoros, S.
Tebbich, H. Glyn Young & J.E. Fa. 2010. How to save the rarest
Darwin’s finch from extinction. Philosophical Transactions of
the Royal Society of London B 365: 1019-1030.
42
Hoeck P.E.A., J.L. Bollmer, P.G. Parker & L.F. Keller. 2010.
Differentiation with drift: a spatio-temporal genetic analysis
of Galapagos mockingbird populations (Mimus spp.).
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 365: 11271138.
Wolff M. 2010. Galapagos does not show recent warming but
increased seasonality. Galapagos Research 67: In press
Others
2009
Bungartz F. 2009. Lichen discoveries: bright, bold color
specks, tiny and overlooked. In: T. de Roy, ed. Galapagos:
Preserving Darwin’s Legacy. 53-59. Firefly Books, Richmond
Hill, Ontario.
Huyvaert K.P. 2009. The waved albatross: the family affairs of
a critically endangered species. In: T. de Roy, ed. Galapagos:
Preserving Darwin’s Legacy. 146-153. Firefly Books, Richmond
Hill, Ontario.
Kramer P. 2009. The Charles Darwin Foundation: history of a
science and conservation vision. In: T. de Roy, ed. Galapagos:
Preserving Darwin’s Legacy. 24-27. Firefly Books, Richmond
Hill, Ontario.
Parker P.G. 2009. A most unusual hawk: one mother and
several fathers. In: T. de Roy, ed. Galapagos: Preserving
Darwin’s Legacy. 130-137. Firefly Books, Richmond Hill,
Ontario.
Huyvaert K.P. & P.G. Parker. 2010. Extra-pair parentage in
waved albatross: genetic relationships among females, social
mates, and genetic sires. Behaviour: In press.
Parker P.G. 2009. Parasites and pathogens: threats to native
birds. In: T. de Roy, ed. Galapagos: Preserving Darwin’s
Legacy. 177-183. Firefly Books, Richmond Hill, Ontario.
Jaramillo P., M.M. Trigo, E. Ramírez & A. Mauchamp. 2010.
Insect pollinators of Jasminocereus thouarsii, an endemic
cactus of the Galapagos Islands. Galapagos Research 67:
In press.
Trueman M., A. Guézou & R. Atkinson. 2009. Galapagos
National Park is on the brink of further plant invasion. 10th
International Conference on the Ecology and Management of
Alien Plant Invasion. Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Jaramillo P., R. Atkinson & G. Gentile. 2010. Evaluating
genetic diversity for the conservation of the threatened
Galapagos endemic Calandrinia galapagosa (Portulacaceae).
Biotropica DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00685.x.
Tye A. 2009. Saving “lost” plants: finding and nurturing the
survivors. In: T. de Roy, ed. Galapagos: Preserving Darwin’s
Legacy. 191-197. Firefly Books, Richmond Hill, Ontario.
Knittweis L. & M. Wolff. 2010. Live coral trade impacts on
the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis in Indonesia:
potential future management approaches. Biological
Conservation: In press. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.07.019.
Lincango P., C. Hodgson, C. Causton & D. Miller. 2010. An
updated checklist of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea)
of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Galapagos Research 67:
In press.
Santiago-Alarcon D., D.C. Outlaw, R.E. Ricklef & P.G. Parker.
2010. Phylogenetic relationships of haemosporidian parasites
in New World Columbiformes, with emphasis on the endemic
Galapagos dove. International Journal of Parasitology 40:463-470.
Siers S., J.F. Merkel, A. Bataille, F.H. Vargas & P.G. Parker. 2010.
Ecological correlates of microfilarial prevalence in endangered
Galapagos birds. Journal of Parasitology 96:259-272.
Tebbich S., K. Sterelny & I. Teschke. 2010. The Finches’ Tale:
Adaptive radiation and behavioural flexibility. Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B 365:10099-1109.
Trueman M. & N. d’Ozouville. 2010. Characterizing the
Galapagos terrestrial climate in the face of climate change.
Galapagos Research 67. In press.
Trueman M., R. Atkinson, A. Guézou & P. Wurm. 2010.
Residence time and human-mediated propagule pressure
at work in the alien flora of Galapagos. Biological Invasions
DOI:10.1007/s10530-010-9822-8.
Tye A. 2010. The Galápagos endemic Darwiniothamnus
alternifolius (Asteraceae, Astereae) transferred to Erigeron.
Novon 20: 111–112.
Watkins G. 2009. A perspective on people and the future: the
search for harmony. In: T. de Roy, ed. Galapagos: Preserving
Darwin’s Legacy. 220-226. Firefly Books, Richmond Hill,
Ontario.
2010
Alava J.J, P. Jiménez, J. Benner, G. Jiménez-Uzcátegui, F. CruzDelgado, S. Torres & F.H. Vargas. 2010. At sea distribution
and abundance of seabirds around the Galapagos IslandsEcuador: Conservation implications. In: Abstracts, 1st World
Seabird Conference: Seabirds: Linking the Global Oceans.
36-37. Victoria, Canada.
Atkinson R., M. Trueman, A. Guézou, P. Jaramillo, M. Paz,
J. Sánchez, Y. Sánchez & M. Silva. 2010. Jardines nativos
para Galápagos: ¿Pueden acciones comunitarias prevenir
invasiones de plantas a futuro? In: CDF, PNG & CGG, 2010.
Galapagos Report 2008-2009. Puerto Ayora, Galapagos,
Ecuador. In press.
Bungartz, F., H. Herrera, P. Jaramillo, N. Tirado, G. JímenezUzcategui, D. Ruiz, A. Guézou & F. Ziemmeck (eds.). 2010.
List of all known species from the Galapagos Islands - Lista de
todas las especies conocidas de las Islas Galápagos. - Online
repository of the Charles Darwin Foundation / Fundación
Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos: http://www.
darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists last updated 23
July 2010.
Cléder E. 2010. Los taxis de Santa Cruz: una loca movilidad.
In: CDF, PNG & CGG, 2010. Galapagos Report 2008-2009.
Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador. In press.
Deem S.L. 2010. Challenges and opportunities for
conservation medicine initiatives in Latin America. Wildlife
Disease Association, Iguazu Falls, Argentina. 228.
Valkiunas G., D. Santiago-Alarcon, I.I. Levin, T.A. Iezhova
& P.G. Parker. 2010. A new Haemoproteus species
(Haemosporida: Haemoproteidae) from the endemic
Galapagos dove Zenaida galapagoensis, with remarks on
the parasite distribution, vectors, and molecular diagnostics.
Journal of Parasitology 96: 783-792.
Gardener M., R. Atkinson, D. Rueda & R. Hobbs. 2010.
Optimizando la restauración de la degradada parte alta de
Galápagos: un marco conceptual. In: CDF, PNG & CGG,
2010. Galapagos Report 2008-2009. Puerto Ayora, Galapagos,
Ecuador. In press.
Witman J.D., M. Brandt & F. Smith. 2010. Coupling between
subtidal prey and consumers along a mesoscale upwelling
gradient in the Galapagos Islands. Ecological Monographs 80:
153-177.
Grenier C. 2010. Un índice geográfico para medir la
capacidad de carga turística de los centros poblados de
Galápagos. In: CDF, PNG & CGG, 2010. Galapagos Report
2008-2009. Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador. In press.
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Grenier C. 2010. La apertura geográfica de Galápagos In:
CDF, PNG & CGG, 2010. Galapagos Report 2008-2009.
Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador. In press.
Jiménez-Uzcátegui G. 2009. Censo total de flamencos
Phoenicopterus ruber 2009. Informe para la FCD y la DPNG.
Charles Darwin Foundation. 13 p.
Jimbo W. 2010. El sector de la construcción en Puerto Ayora
In: CDF, PNG & CGG, 2010. Galapagos Report 2008-2009.
Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador. In press.
Jiménez-Uzcátegui G. 2009. Monitoreo de albatros
Phoebastria irrorata 2009, Isla Española. Informe para la FCD
y la DPNG. Charles Darwin Foundation. 8 p.
Liu, H., A. Tye, P. Jaramillo, W. Simbaña, P. Madriz, S. An,
Z. Wang, W.-X. Xu, F.-G. Wang, H. Xu, X.-Q. Song, J. Trusty,
M. Maunder, C. Lewis & J. Francisco-Ortega. 2010. Science
at Fairchild: conservation and biodiversity on Pacific Ocean
islands. Tropical Garden 65(1): 28–31.
Jiménez-Uzcátegui G. & O. Devineau. 2009. Censo del
pingüino de Galápagos y cormorán no volador 2009. Informe
para la FCD y la DPNG. Charles Darwin Foundation. 15 p.
Mauchamp A. & R. Atkinson. 2010. Pérdida de hábitat rápida,
reciente e irreversible: los bosques de Scalesia en las islas
Galápagos. In: CDF, PNG & CGG, 2010. Galapagos Report
2008-2009. Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador. In press.
Ouvrard E. 2010. El transporte de pasajeros por fibras en
Galápagos. In: CDF, PNG & CGG, 2010. Galapagos Report
2008-2009. Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador. In press
Parker P.G., S.L. Deem, R.E. Miller. 2010. Pathogens and
parasites of Galapagos birds: a proactive approach to
conservation. In: G. Dick & M. Gusset, eds. Building a Future
for Wildlife: Zoos and Aquariums Committed to Biodiversity
Conservation. 111-117. WAZA.
Peñaherrera C., J.T. Ketchum, E. Espinoza, A. Hearn & A.P
Klimley. 2010. Tiburones martillos de Galápagos: una mirada
a su comportamiento y patrón migratorio. In: CDF, PNG &
CGG, 2010. Galapagos Report 2008-2009. Puerto Ayora,
Galapagos, Ecuador. In press.
Parker P.G. 2009. Enfermedades de aves, Galapagos: pox,
plasmodium. Report to Charles Darwin Foundation and
Galapagos National Park Service.
Parker P.G., F.H. Vargas & J.L. Rivera. 2009. Galapagos hawk:
survival on Santiago 2005-2009. Report to Charles Darwin
Foundation and Galapagos National Park Service.
Veran S. & K.P. Huyvaert. 2009. Waved albatross work plan
(in house plan of action). Charles Darwin Foundation. 4 p.
Zárate P. 2009. Amenazas para las tortugas marinas que
habitan el Archipiélago de Galápagos. Informe presentado a
la Dirección del Parque Nacional Galápagos. Charles Darwin
Foundation. 50 p.
Zárate P. 2009. Informe Final. Actividad de anidación de la
tortuga verde Chelonia mydas, durante la temporada 20072008. Informe presentado a la Dirección del Parque Nacional
Galápagos. Charles Darwin Foundation. 39 p.
2010
Penaherrera-Palma C., A. Hearn, J.T. Ketchum, F. Nicolaides,
E. Espinoza, S. Henderson, M. Wolff & A.P Klimley. 2010.
Human-Shark interactions in the Galapagos Islands. Sharks
International, June 6th -11th 2010. Cairns, Australia.
Atkinson R., A. Guezou, J.C. Guzman, A. Llerena, M. Gardener,
J.L. Rentería & D. Rueda. 2010. Diagnóstico y planificación
para el desarrollo de un agente de control biológico para Rubus
niveus en las islas Galápagos. Charles Darwin Foundation
and Galapagos National Park Service. 41 p.
Schuhbauer A., M. Wolff & M. Castrejon. 2010. Una estrategia
revisada para el monitoreo y manejo del pepino de mar de
Galápagos. In: CDF, PNG & CGG, 2010. Galapagos Report
2008-2009. Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, Ecuador. In press.
Carrión V., M. Gardener, R. Atkinson & J.L. Rentería. 2010.
Evaluación del programa de control de la mora (Rubus niveus)
en la isla Santiago: Informe para el PNG. Charles Darwin
Foundation and Galapagos National Park Service.
Trueman M., L. Hannah & N. d’Ozouville. 2010. Terrestrial
ecosystems in Galapagos: Potential responses to climate
change. In: Preparing for Climate Change in Galapagos.
Conservation International and WWF. In press.
Fessl B., H. Vargas, V. Carrion, R. Young, S. Deem, RodriguezMatamoros, R. Atkinson, C. Grenier, O. Carvajal, F. Cruz, S.
Tebbich, & H.G. Young (eds.). 2010. Galapagos Mangrove
Finch (Camarhynchus heliobates) recovery plan 20102015. Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Charles Darwin
Foundation, Galapagos National Park Service. 109 p.
Tye, A. 2010. Las plantas vasculares endémicas de Galápagos
y su estado de amenaza. In: S. León-Yánez, ed. Libro Rojo
de las Plantas Endémicas del Ecuador. Second edition.
Herbarium of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador,
Quito. In press.
Tye, A. 2010. Galapagos species accounts. In: S. León-Yánez,
ed. Libro Rojo de las Plantas Endémicas del Ecuador. Second
edition. Herbarium of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del
Ecuador, Quito. In press.
Tye A. & J. Francisco-Ortega. 2010. Origins and evolution
of Galapagos endemic vascular plants. In: D. Bramwell, ed.
Island Plants. In press.
Guézou A. 2010. Inventario de las plantas vasculares del
Parque Artesanal, Isla Santa Cruz, y recomendaciones de
manejo. Informe Técnico para el Departamento de Gestión
Ambiental, Municipio de Santa Cruz. Charles Darwin
Foundation. 9 p.
Moreno J. & D. Ruiz. 2010. Dinámica del asentamiento de
especies bentonicas en colectores artificiales, en la Reserva
Marina de Galápagos (RMG). Charles Darwin Foundation.
24 p.
Annual Report 2010
Parker P.G., J.H. Higashiguchi & I.I. Levin. 2010. Enfermedades
de aves, Galapagos: plasmodium, haemoproteus and
mosquitoes. Report to Charles Darwin Foundation and
Galapagos National Park Service.
Theses
2009
Aguilar Carrera, M.A. 2009. Presas potenciales y consumidas
por pichones del gavilán de Galápagos, Buteo galapagoensis,
en territorios de grupos poliándricos y parejas monogámicas
en Bahía James, Isla Santiago, Galápagos, Ecuador. Pontificia
Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias
Exactas y Naturales, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas. 63 p.
Carrion A.L. 2009. Preferencias de color del alimento en
pinzones de Darwin y cucuves de Galápagos: Implicaciones
para disminuir la muerte accidental por consumu de veneno.
Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador. 77 p.
Castro M. J. 2009. Impacto de los Centros de Educación
Ambiental (CEA) de la Fundación Charles Darwin (FCD)
en la Comunidad y Diseño de una Propuesta de Estrategias
Metodológicas para la Educación Ambiental en las Islas
Galápagos. Universidad Central del Ecuador. 170 p.
Cléder E. 2009. Mobilité et conservation aux Galápagos: Le
cas des taxis sur l’île Santa Cruz. M.Sc Thesis, Université de
Nantes, Institut de géographie et d’aménagement regional.
90 p.
Darwin S.C. 2009. The systematics and genetics of tomatoes on
the Galápagos Islands (Solanum, Solanaceae) Ph.D. Dissertation,
University College London, Department of Genetics, Evolution and
Environment. 261 p. http://eprints.ucl.ac.uk/18994/18994.pdf.
2010
Gomez C. 2010. Spatio-temporal distribution, feeding ecology
and population dynamics of Seastars in the Galapagos
archipelago. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Bremen, Germany.
Jaenig M. 2010. Sharks (Selachii) in mangrove-fringed habitats
of the Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) with implications for
management and conservation. M.Sc. Thesis, University of
Bremen, Germany. 84p.
Jobstvogt N. 2010. Fish stock assessment of top-predator
Wahoo, Acantocybium solandri, in the Galapagos Islands.
M.Sc. Thesis, Free University of Berlin, Germany.
Ketchum J.T. 2010. Movement patterns and habitat use of
sharks in the Galapagos Islands: implications in the design of
marine reserves. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California,
Davis, USA.
Kuhn A.M. 2010. Incidencia de la temperatura del mar en las
comunidades rocosas submareales de la Reserva Marina de
Galápagos. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. Guayaquil,
Ecuador. 107 p.
Rivera J.L. 2010. Demography of the Galapagos hawk in a
changing environment. M.Sc. thesis, University of Missouri,
St. Louis, USA.
Tye A. & H. Pippard. 2010. The state of plant conservation
on Pacific islands. In: Proceedings of the 4th Global Botanic
Gardens Congress. In press.
Valencia V. 2010. El turista nacional en Galápagos: Prácticas
y percepciones del entorno. In: CDF, PNG & CGG, 2010.
Galapagos Report 2008-2009. Puerto Ayora, Galapagos,
Ecuador. In press.
Technical Reports
2009
Banks S. & M. Trueman. 2009. Galapagos and climate change:
Final technical report from the Charles Darwin Foundation to
CI and WWF Galapagos. Charles Darwin Foundation. 71 p.
Good H., E. Corry, B. Fessl & S. Deem. 2009. Husbandry
guidelines for the woodpecker finch (Camarhynchus pallidus)
at Charles Darwin Foundation. Working draft: version
1.1. Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Charles Darwin
Foundation, Saint Louis Zoo. 31 p.
43
Charles Darwin Foundation Annual Report 2010
Visiting Scientists
Adjunct Scientists
Visiting Scientists
Anderson David (Wake Forest University-National Science
Foundation) Galapagos Seabird Monitoring Program • Jordan
Casey • Maria Stager • Louise Allen • Alegría Norris
• Jacqueline Grace • Abigail McBride.
Baert Léon (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences)
A Contribution to the Study of Evolutionary Ecology,
Biogeography and Systematics of Terrestrial Arthropods in the
Galapagos Archipelago (Ecuador) with Emphasis on Spiders
and Carabids • Charlotte De Busschere • Wouter Dekoninck
• Nina Wauters • Frederik Hendrick.
Chadwick William (Oregon State University) Monitoring
Sierra Negra Volcano • Sarah Doelger • Roberto Toapanta.
Clayton Dale (University of Utah-National Science
Foundation) Impact of Introduced and Native Ectoparasites
on Darwin’s Finches • Jennifer Koop • Sarah Knuttie • Miriam
Clayton.
Cole Julia & Tudhope Alexander (University of Arizona)
Changes and Variability in the Galapagos Climate: Unique
Marine Coral Registries • Colin Chilcott • Diane Thompson
• Anne Meriwether Wilson.
Darwin Sarah (Natural History Museum, UK) Galapagos
Tomatoes: Introgression and Hybridization along the Baltra
Road in Santa Cruz • Johannes Vogel.
Ebinger Cynthia (University of Rochester) & Geist Dennis
(University of Idaho) Magma Migration under the Fernandina
and Sierra Negra Volcano • Jonathan Lees • Megan O´Connor
• Mario Ruiz • Sang-Ho Yun • Ben Ellis • Dustin Cole
• Caitlin McNeely • Marco Bagnardi • Sandro Vaca.
Grant Peter & Grant Rosemary (Princeton University) Ecology
of Darwin’s Finch Populations on Daphne Island.
Harpp Karen (Colgate University) Plume-Ridge Interaction in
the Northern Galapagos • Dennis Geist • Christopher Sinton
• Mark Kurz • Roger Davis • Paul Johnson • Steven Tottori
• Virgina Wanless.
Kleindorfer Sonia (Flinders University of South Australia-Max
Planck Institute) Understanding Philornis downsi Behavior
and Impact on Darwin’s Finches • Jody O´Connor • James
Forwood • Rachael Dudaniec • Jeremy Robertson • Diane
Colombelli-Negrel • Timothy Clark • Claire Charlton.
Lafferty Kevin (University of California/C.I.C.E.S.E A Study on
the Depredation by Parasitic Crabs and Snails on Eucidaris
galapagensis Sea Urchins • Lydia Ladah • Jorge Sonneholzner
• Luis Molina.
Mackie Roderick (University of Illinois) Study of Environmental
and Anthropogenic Stress on Galapagos Marine Iguanas:
Methanogenic and Metabolic Analysis of Intestinal Microbial
Fauna in Marine and Land Iguanas of the Galapagos Islands
• Emily Wheeler • Augusto Haz Beltrán.
Overpeck Jonathan (University of Arizona) The 2009-10
El Niño: A Unique Opportunity to Verify Signs of El Niño
in Galapagos Lagoon Sediments • Sarah Truebe • Diane
Thompson • Mark Bush.
Podos Jeffrey (McGill University) Vocal Morphology and
Evolution of Darwin’s Finches • Jaime Chaves • Joost
Raeymaekers • Dianne Sharpe • Luis Fernando de Leon
• Andrew Hendry.
Saiz López Alfonso (Atmospheric and Climatic Sciences
Laboratory CIAC) Climate and Halogen Reactivity Tropical
Experiment (CHARLEX) • Juan Carlos Gómez • Anoop Sharad
Mahajan • Samantha Marie MacDonald.
Sequeira Andrea (Wellesley College) Invasion Success,
Genetic Diversity and Habitat Fragmentation in Populations
44
of Introduced and Endemic Weevils in the Galapagos
Archipelago • Jose Rosado • Courtney Stepien.
Sinton John (University of Hawaii) Eruptions over the Center of
Galapagos Expansion: The Effect of the Variation of Magmatic
Movement and the Process of the Magmatic Chamber on
Oceanic Ranges • Scott White • Ken Rubin • Julie Bowles
• Buffy Cushman • Mark Behn • Karl Gronvold • Tracy
Gregg • Deborah Eason • Christopher Russo • Alice Coleman
• Owen Neil • Julia Howell • Dan Fornani • Marshall Swartz
• Allison Fundis • Tim McClinton.
Sulloway Frank (University of California) Examining the
Genetics of the Invasive Polistes versicolor Wasp in Galapagos
• Ryan Buss • Katharine Noonan • Roald Hoffmann • Karin
Olila • José Luis Ortuño.
Traveset Anna (University of the Balearic Islands) Mutualistic
Networks in the Galapagos Islands: Direct and Indirect
Impacts of Invasive Species on Threatened Plants • Conley
McMullen • Rubén Heleno • Jens Olsen • Rocío Castro
• Pablo Vargas • Manuel Nogales • Susana Chamorro.
Trillmich Fritz (Bielefeld University-Max Planck Institute for
Ornithology) Biology of Galapagos Sea Lion Populations
(Zalophus wollebaeki and Arctocephalus galapagensis) • Jana
Jeglinski • Melinda Fowler • Mike Tift • Patrick Robinson
• Matthias Marquard • Paolo Piedrahita • Erik Bjarner.
Adjunct Scientists
Cárdenas
Susana
(University
of
California-Davis)
Understanding Ecological Processes for the Restoration of
Highland Ecosystems in the Inhabited Islands.
Deem Sharon (Saint Louis Zoo and University of Missouri-St.
Louis) Waterborne Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in the
Galápagos • Michelle Verant.
Gibbs James (University of New York-Albany) Ecological
Restoration of Pinta and Española • Elizabeth Hunter
• Garrison Loope • Francisco Lasso • Benjamin Brewster
• Linda Cayot • Joseph Flanagan.
Hoddle Mark (University of California – Riverside) & Roy Van
Driesche (University of Masschussetts) Assessment of Rodolia
cardinales Introduction in Galapagos • Christina Hoddle
• Charlotte Causton • Piedad Lincango.
Hoeck Paquita (University of Zurich) Census and banding of
Floreana Mockingbirds (Mimus trifasciatus) on Champion and
Gardner-by-Floreana. • Felipe Rodríguez.
Huyvaert Kathryn (Colorado State University) Conservation
Biology and Population Monitoring of the Critically
Endangered Waved Albatross • Paul Doherty.
Jäger Heinke (Berlin Technical University) Understanding
Ecological Processes for the Restoration of Highland
Ecosystems in the Inhabited Islands.
Lücking Robert (Field Museum Chicago) Inventory of LesserKnown Fungi and Lichen Workshop • Eimy Rivas Plata
• Frank Bungartz • Adriano Spielmann.
Mikheyev Alexander (University of Texas) Studying the
Invasion of Fire Ants.
Parent Christine (University of Texas) Floreana Island
Biodiversity Inventory • Sergio Miquel.
Parker Patricia (University of Missouri - St. Louis) 1.) Bird
Diseases: a) Study on the Presence of Plasmodium in
Galapagos Penguin Populations; b) Dynamics of Avian Pox
Virus Transmission in Galapagos; c) Health Survey for the
Reintroduction of the Floreana Mockingbird; d) History of
Colonization and Selective Pressure of Pathogens on Two
Species of Large-Billed Flycatchers in Galapagos • Ilena Levin
• Jenny Higashiguchi • Jackson Pogacnik • Sarah O´Brian
• Daniel Hartman.
2.) Galapagos Hawk Project • Maricruz Jaramillo • Hector
Cadena • Daniela Bahamonde • Ivan Saa • Javier Pinto
• Tjitte De Vries • Gabriela Toscano • Diego Alarcón • Paolo
Piedrahita • Pablo Sánchez.
Sheppard
Andrew
(Galapagos
Conservancy-Boston
Environmental) Blackberry Eradication Study • Louise Morin.
Tebbich Sabine (Austrian Science Foundation, University
of Vienna) State of Darwin’s Finches on Three Large Islands
and the Impact of Philornis downsi on the Reproduction of
the Warbler Finch in 2010 • Michael Dvorak • Patrick Meidl
• Erwin Nemeth • Marcus Zottle • Elizabeth Iversen.
Trueman Amanda (University of Western Australia)
Understanding Ecological Processes for the Restoration of
Highland Ecosystems in the Inhabited Islands.
Violette Sophie (Pierre and Marie Curie University)Integrated
Water Studies • Alexandre Pryet • Christian Domínguez
• Pilar Fuente.
Witman Jonathan (Brown University) Effects of Outcropping
and Productivity in Subtidal Rock Wall Communities • Olivia
Rhoades • Elias Hardwick.
Credits front and back cover:
Photo Mosaic Project: Galapagos Celebrates
its Biodiversity
Theme: Biodiversity is Life
Design: César Peñaherrera and Cristina Georgii
Base cover photo: Whale Shark (Rhincodon
typus) by Alex Hearn
Contributing Photographers: Peter Oxford,
Sterling Zumbrunn, German Soler, Jadira
Larrea, Jacintha Castora Photography, Janaí
Yépez, Olivier Devineau, Diana Loyola,
Mandy Trueman, Verónica Toral, Ulf Hardter
Torsten, Mónica Calvopiña, Karina Rivera,
Yanella Tutivén, James Ketchum, Andrés
Baquero, Eduardo Espinoza, Natalia Tirado,
Julio Delgado, Cristina Georgii, Freddy
Herrera, Juan Carlos Guzmán, Oliver Tisalema,
Mónica Peñaherrera, CDF Archives,
MIES-INNFA Galapagos Archives, Municipality
of Santa Cruz, Municipality of Isabela,
Municipality of San Cristóbal
Publication Credits
This Annual Report was produced by the CDF
Communications Program
Executive Director, Charles Darwin Foundation
Dr. J. Gabriel López
General Coordinator
Alex Ontaneda
Graphic Design Concept
Margarita Silva
Proofreader
Mary Witoshynsky
Texts:
Floreana: A Dream, a Goal, a Project Felipe Cruz, Enrique
Ramos, Lenyn Betancourt, Cristina Georgii, Paquita Hoeck
The Human Footprint on Galapagos Christophe Grenier
Can We Conserve Biodiversity and Meet the Needs
of the Community? Mark Gardener
Over 50 Years of CDF Research on the Species
Diversity of the Enchanted Isles Frank Bungartz
Galapagos: A Sea Turtle Sanctuary Macarena Parra
and Alizon Llerena
CDF Fisheries Model Reveals Conservation Success
in the Galapagos Marine Reserve Matthias Wolff, César
Peñaherrera, Annika Krutwa
We also wish to thank the CDF staff who provided content
and suggestions during the preparation of this report.
Photography:
The CDF is grateful to the photographers who kindly
donated the pictures for this publication.
Frank Bungartz: Page 19, 20, 21, 39
Jacintha Castora Photography: Page 2, 3, 5, 10, 12, 25, 30,
31, 33, 34, 38
CDF Archive: Page 13, 40
Mark Gardener: Page 14, 15, 16, 17
Cristina Georgii: Page 6
Paquita Hoeck: Page 9
Macarena Parra: Page 22, 23, 24
German Soler: Page 26,27
Mary Witoshynsky: Page 7, 11
Sterling Zumbrunn: Page 28
Charles Darwin Foundation 2010
Annual Report
ISBN-978-9978-53-043-6
Copyright Registration Number: 034329
Printed by Grupo Impresor
Quito, Ecuador
October 2010
This report is printed on Enviroment Vellum 50 / 30 (50%
of recycled fibers, 30% of post-consumer fibers) that meets
the standards of the Forest Stewardship Council.