HACQUETIA 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
DOI: 10.2478/v10028-012-0003-4
TWO NEW TALL HERB COMMUNITIES WITH
THE DOMINANT LASERPITIUM SILER AND
GRAFIA GOLAKA FROM THE SE ALPS
(NE ITALY, W SLOVENIA)
Igor dakskobler1 & Livio Poldini2
Abstract
The article describes two new tall herb communities in the Southeastern Alps, Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum
sileris and Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae. Both are long-term successional stages in the overgrowing of abandoned hay meadows in the altimontane and subalpine belt of the southern and southwestern Julian Alps
(including the Julian Prealps), partly also the Carnic Alps, that have been abandoned for over 50 years. In the
succession sere where the altimontane-subalpine Illyrian beech forest (Dentario pentaphylli-Fagetum, Ranunculo
platanifolii-Fagetum, Polysticho lonchitis-Fagetum) is the potential natural vegetation on steep, sunny limestone
(rarely dolomite) slopes, the species Laserpitium siler and (or) Grafia golaka act as inhibitors also due to their
high allelopathic potential; in turn, spontaneous afforestation with spruce and some deciduous trees has been
slow and gradual.
Key words: Laserpitium siler, Grafia golaka, synsystematics, syndynamics, the Julian Alps, the Carnic Alps, Slovenia, Italy, Natura 2000.
Izvleček
Opisujemo dve novi združbi visokih steblik v Jugovzhodnih Alpah, Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris in Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae. Obe sta dolgotrajen sukcesijski stadij pri zaraščanju nekdanjih in že več kot 50 let
opuščenih senožeti v altimontasnkem in subalpinskem pasu južnih in jugozahodnih Julijskih Alp (vključno z
Julijskimi Predalpami) in deloma tudi Karnijskih Alp. V sukcesijskem nizu, v katerem je potencialno naravna
vegetacija na strmih prisojnih apnenčastih (redkeje dolomitnih) pobočjih altimontansko-subalpinski ilirski
bukov gozd (Dentario pentaphylli-Fagetum, Ranunculo platanifolii-Fagetum, Polysticho lonchitis-Fagetum), vrsti Laserpitium siler in (ali) Grafia golaka tudi zaradi svojega močnega alelopatskega potenciala delujeta zaviralno in
je zato zaraščanje s smreko in nekaterimi listavci počasno in postopno.
Ključne besede: Laserpitium siler, Grafia golaka, sinsistematika, sindinamika, Julijske Alpe, Karnijske Alpe,
Slovenija, Italija, Natura 2000.
1. INTRODUCTION
species-rich former hay-meadows were classified
into the southeastern-Alpine alliance Caricion
austroalpinae Sutter 1962 and, being a relatively
long-term successional stage, described as a provisional new association Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris nom. prov. Subsequent research conducted in the various parts of the Julian Alps (the
upper Bača Valley, the Breginjski Stol ridge, the
valleys of Bala and Loška Koritnica) confirmed
our decision for an independent association as
Several years ago (Dakskobler 2003), we studied
forest development on abandoned hay meadows
in the southern Julian Alps. These hay meadows
were cleared in the belt of the subalpine beech
forest classified into the association Polysticho lonchitis-Fagetum and are gradually becoming overgrown, especially with spruce. Based on the floristic-phytosociological analysis of 23 relevés the
¹ Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Regional unit Tolmin,
Brunov drevored 13, SI-5220 Tolmin, [email protected]
2 Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri, 5 – Edificio Q (stanza 104, primo piano),
I-34127 Trieste, Italia, [email protected]
47
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
these stands form a physiognomically (in their
appearance) and floristically distinct community
that can be spatially delimited and is relatively
long-standing due to the slow rate of spontaneous
afforestation. Latest research (comp. Kaligarič
et al. 2011) has shown a strong allelopathic potential of Laserpitium siler, which in addition to
other factors (snowslides) inhibits successional
development back towards forest. A brief report
on similar fringe communities from the Italian
part of the Julian Alps and the Carnic Alps was
published several years ago (Poldini 2003). A
comparison of the collected relevé material from
the whole region (W Slovenia and NE Italy) facilitated the typification of two new associations,
Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris and Laserpitio
sileri-Grafietum golakae.
in the Carnic Alps. Phytosociological records
were made according to the standard CentralEuropean phytosociological method (Braun-Blanquet 1964) and entered into the FloVegSi database (Seliškar et al. 1993). Relevés from the Slovenian part of the Julian Alps (some of which have
already been published as a separate subassociation Centaureo julici-Laserpitetum sileris asphodeletosum albi nom. prov. – Dakskobler et al. 2007)
were combined with the relevés of slightly similar
stands in NE Italy: the Carnic Alps: M. Chiadin
– Sappada, M. Talm, the western Julian Alps:
Val Raccolana, the Julian Prealps: Mt. Matajur,
the Stol ridge / Gran Monte: Punta Lausciovizza
/ Lanževica; M. Cuarnan / Mali Karman, the
Muzci ridge / Cime del Monte Musi: M. Cadin.
Combined cover-abundance values were transformed into numerical values (1–9) according to
van der Maarel (1979). Numerical comparisons
were performed with the SYN-TAX 2000 program package (Podani 2001). The relevés were
compared by means of “(unweighted) average
linkage method” – UPGMA, “Incremental sum
of squarres method” – MISSQ and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). Wishart’s similarity
2. METHODS
We inventoried the abandoned grasslands in the
upper montane and subalpine belt (900 to 1900 m
a.s.l.) in the western, southern and southwestern
part of the Julian Alps (Figure 1) and partly also
12°40'
12°50'
13°00'
46°42'
13°10'
A
U
13°20'
S
13°30'
T
46°36'
46°30'
R
13°40'
I
13°50'
14°00'
A
Y
L
A
46°24'
T
S
46°18'
L O V
E N
I
46°12'
46°06'
0
10
20 km
Figure 1: Research area with approximate localities of relevés in scale 1: 500 000 (Map source: Jarvis & al. 2008).
Slika 1: Raziskovano območje s približno lokacijo popisov v merilu 1: 500 000 (vir za zemljevid: Jarvis & al. 2008).
48
I
A
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
drogram (Figure 2) were interpreted as: 1 Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris typicum, 2 Centaureo
julici-Laserpitietum sileris var. geogr. Pedicularis
elongata, 3 Centaureo julici-Laserpitetum sileris asphodeletosum albi and 4 Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum
golakae. Two-dimensional scatter-diagram (Figure 3) on the first axis partly indicates the phytogeographical gradient and on the second axis the
altitudinal gradient. This comparison formed the
basis for the analytic tables (Tables 1, 2, 3, 4). The
first table comprises typical stands of the association Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris, Table
2 encompasses fringe stands of this association
which indicate possible transitions to similar tall
herb and mountain grassland communities (for
the time being treated as a variant Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris typicum var. Brachypodium
rupestre), the third table comprises subalpine
stands with the dominant Laserpitium siler from
NE Italy (Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris var.
geogr. Pedicularis elongata) and the fourth table
the stands with the dominant Grafia golaka (Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae).
The second step was to make a synoptic table
(Table 5) into which we classified the above four
syntaxa, the relevés of the subassociation Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris asphodeletosum albi
nom. prov. (Dakskobler et al. 2007, Tab. 1, relevés
8–33) and two similar fringe communities from
central and southeastern Slovenia: Scabioso hladnikianae-Grafietum golakae Čarni 2007 from the
Polhov Gradec Hills (Čarni 2007) and Laserpitietum sileris Springer 1987 var. geogr. Dianthus croaticus from the Gorjanci hills (Čarni et al. 2005).
Some of the communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler, e.g. Carici humilis-Centaureetum rupestris Ht. 1931 laserpitietosum sileris Kaligarič &
Poldini 1997 (Kaligarič 1997, Kaligarič & Poldini
1997), Libanotido-Laserpitietum sileris van Gils et al.
1975 (van Gils et al. 1975, Čarni 1997), LaserpitioFestucetum alpestris Pedrotti 1970 (Pedrotti 1970),
Origano-Calamagrostietum variae Lippert ex Thiele
1978 (Grabherr et al. 1993: 431–433) and Laserpitio-Seslerietum Moor 1957 (Oberdorfer 1978,
Ewald 1996), were not included in our comparison as they are either communities of a different
altitudinal belt (submontane, lower montane)
and (or) communities of a phytogeographically
entirely different environment and subsequently
clearly floristically different.
Some of the species common to all of the compared communities are Laserpitium siler, L. latifolium, Polygonatum odoratum, Silene nutans s. lat.,
ratio was used in all of the methods. The nomenclature source for the names of vascular plants is
the Mala flora Slovenije (Martinčič et al. 2007)
– except for the taxa Knautia ressmannii (Pacher)
Briq. and Bupleurum ranunculoides subsp. caricinum (DC.) Arcang. – and Martinčič (2003) for
the names of mosses. The nomenclature of the
syntaxa follows Šilc & Čarni (2012). In the classification of species into phytosociological groups
(groups of diagnostic species) we mainly refer to
the Flora alpina (Aeschimann et al. 2004 a, b, c).
Coordinates of relevés are determined according
to the Slovenian geographic coordinate system
D 48 (5th zone) on the Bessel elipsoid and with
Gauss-Krüger projection.
3. ECOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF
THE STUDY AREA
The predominant geological bedrock in the research area is limestone, in places admixed with
marlstone and chert, rarely with dolomite. The
soils are shallow fresh rendzinas, very rarely
brown soils. Potential natural vegetation of the
researched part of the Julian Alps is mainly beech
forest classified into the associations Ranunculo
platanifolii-Fagetum, Dentario pentaphylli-Fagetum
and Polysticho lonchitis-Fagetum; the grasslands
above the upper timberline are classified into the
associations Avenastro parlatorei-Festucetum calvae
and Ranunculo hybridi-Caricetum sempervirentis.
The climate is relatively warm and very humid and
mean annual precipitation usually exceeds 2500
mm. The slopes are mainly sunny and open to the
influence of the Adriatic Sea (for more information on the climate of the study area see Dakskobler 2003, Čušin 2006, Gobbo & Poldini 2005).
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Firstly, we compared 87 relevés of stands with
dominant Laserpitium siler and (or) Grafia golaka in the Julian Alps and their foothills (the
so-called Julian Prealps) and the Carnic Alps –
Figures 2 and 3. Stands with the dominant Grafia
golaka from the Julian Prealps (Mt. Matajur, the
Stol ridge / Gran Monte and the Muzci ridge /
Cime del Monte Musi) clearly separated from
the stands with the dominant Laserpitium siler
from the western and southern Julian Alps and
the Carnic Alps. Four main groups in the den49
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
Laserpitium siler / Grafia golaka
0,90
0,85
0,80
0,75
0,70
0,65
Dissimilarity
0,60
0,55
0,50
0,45
0,40
0,35
0,30
0,25
0,20
0,15
0,10
1
3
2
24
30
58
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
19
20
18
59
21
55
31
32
33
34
53
56
57
54
66
79
22
23
28
29
60
61
64
65
80
81
86
85
82
83
84
35
25
27
26
36
38
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
63
45
49
51
52
46
50
48
47
62
67
77
70
74
78
73
68
69
71
72
75
76
0,05
0,00
1
2
3
4
Figure 2: Dendrogram of tall herb communities with dominant Laserpitium siler or Grafia golaka in the Julian and Carnic
Alps (NE Italy, W Slovenia) – UPGMA, similarity ratio (1 Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris typicum, 2 Centaureo juliciLaserpitietum sileris var. geogr. Pedicularis elongata, 3 Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris asphodeletosum albi, 4 Laserpitio
sileri-Grafietum golakae).
Slika 2: Dendrogram združb visokih steblik z dominantnima vrstama Laserpitium siler ali Grafia golaka v Julijskih in Karnijskih
Alpah (severovzhodna Italija, zahodna Slovenija) – UPGMA, similarity ratio (1 Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris typicum,
2 Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris var. geogr. Pedicularis elongata, 3 Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris asphodeletosum
albi, 4 Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae).
Laserpitium siler / Grafia golaka
0,60
0,55
0,50
0,45
0,40
Figure 3: Two-dimensional scatter-diagram of tall herb communities with dominant Laserpitium siler or Grafia golaka
in the Julian and Carnic Alps (NE Italy and W Slovenia) –
PCoA, similarity ratio ( – Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum
sileris – W Slovenia, – Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris
– NE Italy, – Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae).
Slika 3: Dvorazsežni ordinacijski diagram združb visokih
steblik z dominantnima vrstama Laserpitium siler ali Grafia
golaka v Julijskih in Karnijskih Alpah (severovzhodna Italija,
zahodna Slovenija) – PCoA, similarity ratio ( – Centaureo
julici-Laserpitetum sileris – zahodna Slovenija, – Centaureo
julici-Laserpitietum sileris – severovzhodna Italija, – Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae).
0,35
Axis 2
0,30
0,25
0,20
0,15
0,10
0,05
0,00
-0,05
-0,10
-0,15
-0,20
-0,5
-0,4
-0,3
-0,2
-0,1
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
Axis 1
50
Laserpitium siler / Grafia golaka
0,60
0,75
0,7
0,50
0,65the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
I. Dakskobler
&
L.
Poldini:
Two
new
tall
herb
communities
with
0,45
0,6
0,40
0,55
0,35
Buphthalmum
salicifolium, Koeleria pyramidata s. ures
0,5 4 and 5). Stands of the association Centaureo
0,45
lat.,0,30Cirsium erisithales, Carlina acaulis s. lat. and julici-Laserpitietum
sileris are distinctly different
0,25
0,4 the stands of the association Laserpitietum
Centaurea
triumfettii. Differential species of the from
0,20
0,35
first main cluster are Bromopsis transsilvanica, La- sileris
and the stands of the association Laserpitio
0,15
0,3
serpitium
peucedanoides
and
Festuca
calva.
Differensileri-Grafietum
golakae differ from the stands of
0,25
0,10
tial0,05
species of the second main cluster are Scabiosa the0,2association Scabioso hladnikianae-Grafietum gohladnikiana,
Tephroseris longifolia, Prunella vulgaris, lakae.
0,15 The differences are due to a different altitu0,00
0,1 belt and different potential natural vegetaMercurialis
ovata, Betonica officinalis, Salvia praten- dinal
-0,05
0,05In terms of the association Laserpitietum sileris
sis -0,10
and Euphorbia verrucosa. Differential species of tion.
-0,15
the first four syntaxa (Centaureo julici-Laserpitetum on 0,0
the Gorjanci hills potential natural vegetation
CJLS1 CJLS2
CJLSaa CJLSLP
GgLs
ShGg
Ls
-0,20 s. lat.) are Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyansileris
consists of submontane–montane beech forests
Axis 2
Dissimilarity
0,55
dra, Serratula tinctoria subsp. macrocephala, Prunel-0,5
-0,4
-0,3
-0,2
0,1
-0,1
0
0,2
0,3
la grandiflora, for the typical geographical variant
Axis 1
also Arabis pauciflora. Comparison of the syntaxa
from the synthetic table (Table 5) clearly demonstrates that these are different communities (Fig-
from the associations Hacquetio-Fagetum, AruncoFagetum and Cardamino savensi-Fagetum; the stands
of the association Scabioso hladnikiane-Grafietum
golakae occur on the fringes of forest communities from the associations Ostryo-Fagetum, AruncoLaserpitium siler / Grafia golaka
Laserpitium siler / Grafia golaka
0,75
0,7
0,65
0,6
0,55
0,5
0,45
0,4
0,35
0,3
0,25
0,2
0,15
0,1
0,05
0,0
GgLs
0,5
0,45
0,4
0,35
0,3
0,25
Axis 2
Dissimilarity
0,55
0,2
0,15
0,1
0,05
0,0
-0,05
-0,1
-0,15
CJLS2
CJLS1
CJLSLP
ShGg
CJLSaa
Ls
-0,2
CJLS1
CJLS2
CJLSaa
CJLSLP
GgLs
ShGg
-0,3
Ls
-0,2
-0,1
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
Axis 1
Figure 4: Dendrogram of tall herb and fringe communities
with dominant Laserpitium siler or Grafia golaka in NE Italy
and Slovenia – UPGMA, similarity ratio.
Slika 4: Dendrogram združb visokih steblik in gozdnih robov
z dominantnima vrstama Laserpitium siler ali Grafia golaka v
severovzhodni Italiji in Sloveniji – UPGMA, similarity ratio.
Figure 5: Two-dimensional scatter-diagram of tall herb and
fringe communities with dominant Laserpitium siler or Grafia
golaka in NE Italy and Slovenia – PCoA, similarity ratio.
Slika 5: Dvorazsežni ordinacijski diagram združb visokih
steblik in gozdnih robov z dominantnima vrstama Laserpitium siler ali Grafia golaka v severovzhodni Italiji in Sloveniji
– PCoA, similarity ratio.
Laserpitium siler / Grafia golaka
Legend to Figure 4 and 5
0,55
GgLs
Axis 2
0,5 Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris ass. nov. hoc loco typicum – the Julian Alps, Slovenia
CJLS1
CJLS2
0,45 Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris ass. nov. hoc loco typicum var. Brachypodium rupestre – the Julian Alps, Slovenia
CJLSaa
0,4 Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris ass. nov. hoc loco asphodeletosum albi subss. nov. – the Julian Alps, Slovenia (Dak0,35 skobler et al. 2007, table 1, rel. 8–33)
CJLSLP
0,3 Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris ass. nov. hoc loco var. geogr. Pedicularis elongata – the Carnic and W Julian Alps,
0,25 NE Italy
GgLs
0,2 Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae ass. nov. hoc loco – the Julian Prealps, NE Italy
ShGg
0,15 Scabioso hladnikianae-Grafietum golakae Čarni 2007 – central Slovenia (Čarni 2007, Table 1)
LS 0,1 Laserpitietum sileris Springer 1987 var. geogr. Dianthus croaticus – southeastern Slovenia (Čarni et al. 2005, Tab. 1, rel.
0,05 47–56)
0,0
-0,05
-0,1
-0,15
-0,2
CJLS2
CJLS1
CJLSLP
ShGg
51
CJLSaa
Ls
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
Fagetum and Querco-Ostryetum; contact meadow
communities (Scabioso hladnikianae-Caricetum humilis) are classified into the alliance Bromion erecti.
Significant differences are demonstrated also by
the comparison of the composition according to
phytosociological groups (groups of diagnostic
species) – Table 6. Stands of the typical form of
the association Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris
are dominated by the species of subalpine-alpine
grasslands and swards (Caricion austroalpinae, Elyno-Seslerietea), followed by the species from classes Festuco-Brometea and Trifolio-Geranietea. Stands
of the subassociation Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum
sileris asphodeletosum albi already have a predominant proportion of the species of classes FestucoBrometea and Trifolio-Geranietea. Subalpine stands
with the dominant Laserpitium siler from the Carnic Alps and the western Julian Alps are very similar to other stands of the association Centaureo
julici-Laserpitietum sileris from the southern and
southwestern Julian Alps (see Figures 2, 3, 4 and
5); however, Centaurea haynaldii subsp. julica was
not recorded there. These stands have a relatively
large proportion of Erico-Pinetea species, indicating dolomite bedrock. The dominating species in
the stands of the association Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae are those of the class Festuco-Brometea,
followed by the species of the classes MulgedioAconitetea and Trifolio-Geranietea. Stands of the
associations Scabioso-Grafietum and Laserpitietum
sileris are clearly dominated by the species of the
class Festuco-Brometea, followed by those from the
class Trifolio-Geranietea. There is also a large proportion of the species of the class Erico-Pinetea,
at least in the stands of the association ScabiosoGrafietum. Čarni (2005, 2007) classifies the associations Scabioso-Grafietum and Laserpitietum sileris
into the class Trifolio-Geranietea, order Origanetalia
vulgaris, alliance Geranion sanguinei and suballiance Geranienion sanguinei. In our opinion, the
proportion and abundance of diagnostic species
of subalpine grasslands in the stands of the association Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris is still
considerable enough for this association to be
classified into the alliance Caricion austroalpinae
and class Elyno-Seslerietea. Preserved grasslands
that are still mown are rare in this altitudinal belt
and their floristic composition features relatively
equal proportions of species from the classes Elyno-Seslerietea and Festuco-Brometea. This classification is somewhat questionable only for the stands
in the lower altitudinal belt of their distribution,
at 1100 to 1300 m a.s.l. (subassociation Centaureo
julici-Laserpitietum sileris asphodeletosum albi); alternatively, they could also be classified into the
class Trifolio-Geranietea. In our opinion, classification of the association Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum
golakae into higher syntaxonomic units should be
subject to the consideration of phytosociological affinity of Grafia golaka. According to Poldini
(1991: 399) Grafia golaka is a species of montane
pastures, while Aeschimann et al. (2004 a: 1104)
consider it a diagnostic species of the alliance
Calamagrostion arundinaceae Oberdorfer 1950,
i.e. a character species of thermo-hygrophilous
montane-subalpine tall herb communities of the
class Mulgedio-Aconitetea. Wraber (1990: 93) mentions its frequent occurrence on secondary montane pastures under the ridge of Breginjski Stol
and in forest fringe communities in the belt of
black hornbeam and flowering ash, as well as in
the beech belt. Under the Stol and Muzci ridges
Grafia golaka often thrives also in subalpine beech
stands from the association Polysticho lonchitis-Fagetum. On its classic locality under Golaki Grafia
golaka grows on very stony sites in natural clearings and in shrub stands with dominant Salix appendiculata and Rhododendron hirsutum (Rhododendro hirsuti-Salicetum appendiculatae nom. prov.) in
the belt of subalpine beech forest (Polysticho lonchitis-Fagetum) – Table 7. Grafia golaka is therefore
diagnostic for the tall herb communities from the
class Mulgedio-Aconitetea and for the forest fringe
communities from the class Trifolio-Geranietea.
In our case, Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae is a
montane-subalpine community, so a more appropriate classification would be into the class Mulgedio-Aconitetea and into the alliance Calamagrostion
arundinaceae.
Systematic classification and typification of the described new syntaxa is the following:
Elyno-Seslerietea Br.-Bl. 1948
Seslerietalia albicantis Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. & Jenny
1926 corr. Oberd. 1983
Caricion austroalpinae Sutter 1962
Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris Daks­
kobler in Dakskobler & Poldini ass. nov.
hoc loco
The nomenclatural type, holotypus, is
relevé No. 13 in Table 1.
Diagnostic species of the association:
Laserpitium siler, L. latifolium (dominant
52
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
species of the community), Serratula
tinc­­to­ria subsp. macrocephala (= S. tinctoria subsp. monticola), Lilium carniolicum,
Gentiana lutea subsp. symphiandra, Carduus crassifolius, Centaurea haynaldii subsp.
julica (=C. jacea subsp. julica = C. julica)
and Laserpitium peucedanoides (with their
mainly eastern-Alpine or southeasternAlpine-Illyrian distribution the last five
species characterize the new association
also phytogeographically).
4. CONCLUSIONS
The steep, sunny slopes of the southern and southwestern Julian Alps on the natural timberline are
mainly dominated by beech. In the past, subalpine
beech stands were often cleared for hay meadows.
These have been abandoned for more than half a
century and are gradually becoming overgrown
with spruce, in places also with Austrian (black)
pine, hazel and other deciduous trees. Abandoned
hay meadows are dominated by tall herbs, especially Laserpitium siler and L. latifolium, in some localities in the Julian Prealps (the Stol ridge / Gran
Monte, the Muzci ridge / Cime del Monte Musi)
also by Grafia golaka. Considerable allelopathic potential has been determined for these species and
this, in addition to other factors such as snowslides,
slows down the succession process. Relatively longterm stages are physiognomically distinct; they can
be clearly spatially delimited and should preferably
be treated at the syntaxonomic level of association.
We therefore described two new associations, Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris (presented in more
detail but without a valid description some years
ago – Dakskobler 2003, Dakskobler et al. 2007)
and Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae. Despite some
similarities they are two syndynamically different
communities. In terms of succession, the first is
becoming gradually overgrown by pioneer subalpine spruce stands (Adenostylo glabrae-Piceetum
sensu Zupančič = Homogyno sylvestris-Piceetum sensu
Exner – see Dakskobler 2003), while spontaneous
afforestation in the second community proceeds
through shrubs Rubus idaeus, Salix appendiculata
and deciduous tree species (Sorbus aria, S. aucuparia, Acer pseudoplatanus, in places also Ostrya carpinifolia, Amelanchier ovalis), and only rarely through
Picea abies or Pinus nigra. The newly described associations therefore belong to different classes, the
first to the class of subalpine-alpine grasslands,
and the second to the class of montane and subalpine tall herb communities. The stands of both,
but especially those of the first association, Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris, are characterised by a
species-rich composition and a diverse mixture of
diagnostic species of montane and subalpine grasslands, forest fringes and tall herbs. They are a site
of some rare and protected plants, such as Eryngium alpinum, Asphodelus albus and Iris sibirica subsp.
erirrhiza, an important habitat type for some birds,
e.g. corncrake (Crex crex), and in some areas (e.g.
on the slopes of the Stol ridge) also a habitat type
of European conservation concern.
Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris typicum
The nomenclatural type, holotypus, is
relevé No. 13 in Table 1.
Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris typicum var. Brachypodium rupestre var. prov.
Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris asphodeletosum albi subass. nov. hoc loco
The nomenclatural type, holotypus, is
relevé No. 15 in Table 1 (Dakskobler et al.
2007: 172–178).
The differential species is Asphodelus
­albus.
Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris var.
geogr. Pedi­cularis elongata
Differential species of the geographical
variant are Pedicularis elongata, Knautia
ressmannii and Euphorbia triflora subsp.
kerneri.
Mulgedio-Aconitetea Hadač & Klika in Klika &
Hadač 1944
Calamagrostietalia villosae Pawłovski in Paw­
łovski, Sokolowski et Wallisch 1928 (sin. Adenostyletalia alliariae G. & J. Br.-Bl. 1931)
Calamagrostion arundinaceae Oberdorfer 1950
Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae Poldini in
Dakskobler & Poldini ass. nov. hoc loco.
The nomenclatural type, holotypus, is
relevé No. 9 in Table 4.
Diagnostic species: Grafia golaka, Laserpitium siler (dominant species; the first
with its southeastern-European montane
distribution characterizes the association
also phytogeographically), Molopospermum peloponnesiacum subsp. bauhinii and
Laserpitium peucedanoides (geographical
differential species).
53
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
5. POVZETEK
tabeli so sestoji z dominantno vrsto Laserpitium
siler iz severovzhodne Italije (Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris var. geogr. Pedicularis elongata)
in v četrti tabeli sestoji z dominantno vrsto Grafia
golaka (Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae).
V drugem koraku smo izdelali sintezno tabelo
(tabela 5), v katero smo poleg zgornjih štirih sintaksonov uvrstili še popise subasociacije Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris asphodeletosum albi
nom. prov. (Dakskobler et al. 2007, tab. 1, popisi
8–33) in dve podobni robni združbi iz osrednje
in jugovzhodne Slovenije: Scabioso hladnikianae-Grafietum golakae Čarni 2007 iz Polhograjskega hribovja (Čarni 2007) in Laserpitietum sileris
Springer 1987 var. geogr. Dianthus croaticus z
Gorjancev (Čarni et al. 2005).
Primerjava sintaksonov iz sintezne tabele (tabela 5) jasno kažejo, da gre za različne združbe
(sliki 4 in 5). Sestoji asociacije Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris se očitno razlikujejo od sestojev
asociacije Laserpitietum sileris in sestoji asociacije
Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae od sestojev asociacije Scabioso hladnikianae-Grafietum golakae.
Razlike temeljijo na drugačnem višinskem pasu
in drugačni potencialno naravni vegetaciji. Očitne
razlike kaže tudi primerjava sestave po fitocenoloških skupinah (skupinah diagnostičnih vrst) – Tabela 6. V sestojih nove asociacije Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris (nomenklaturni tip, holotypus,
je fit. popis št. 13 v tabeli 1) je delež diagnostičnih
vrst subalpinskih travišč še tolikšen, da je smiselna
uvrstitev te asociacije v zvezo Caricion austroalpinae in v razred Elyno-Seslerietea. Za uvrstitev nove
asociacije Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae (nomenkaturni tip, holotypus, je popis št. 9 v tabeli 4)
v višje sintakonomske enote je odločilna presoja,
za katere združbe je značilna Grafia golaka. Uspeva tako v združbah visokih steblik iz razreda Mulgedio-Aconitetea kot v združbah gozdnih robovih
iz razreda Trifolio-Geranietea. V našem primeru je
Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae montansko-subalpinska združba, zato je bolj ustrezna uvrstitev v
razred Mulgedio-Aconitetea in v zvezo Calamagrostion arundinaceae.
Za sestoje obeh novo opisanih asociacij, še
posebej prve, Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris,
je značilna bogata vrstna sestava in pisana zmes
diagnostičnih vrst montanskih in subalpinskih
travišč ter gozdnih robov in visokih steblik. So
življenjski prostor nekaterih redkih in zavarovanih rastlin, npr. alpske možine (Eryngium alpinum), zlatega korena Asphodelus albus in kojniške
perunike (Iris sibirica subsp. erirrhiza), pomem-
Dve novi združbi visokih steblik z dominantnima vrstama Laserpitium siler in Grafia golaka
v Jugovzhodnih Alpah (severovzhodna Italija,
zahodna Slovenije)
Pred nekaj leti (Dakskobler 2003) smo preučevali razvoj gozda na nekdanjih senožetih v južnih
Julijskih Alpah. Te senožeti so bile izkrčene v pasu subalpinskega bukovega gozda in smo jih kot
razmeroma dolgotrajen sukcesijski stadij opisali
kot provizorno novo asociacijo Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris nom. prov. Kasnejše raziskave v različnih delih Julijskih Alp (zgornja Baška
dolina, greben Breginjskega Stola, dolini Bale in
Loške Koritnice) so pokazale, da je bila naša odločitev za samostojno asociacijo upravičena, saj
ti sestoji oblikujejo fiziognomsko (po zunanjem
videzu) in floristično jasno prepoznavno združbo, ki jo je moč dobro prostorsko omejiti in ki je
zaradi počasnega zaraščanja razmeroma dolgotrajna. Novejše raziskave (prim. Kaligarič et al.
2011) kažejo na močan alelopatski potencial vrste Laserpitium siler, kar poleg drugih dejavnikov
(snežni plazovi) zavira sukcesijski razvoj nazaj v
gozd. Naredili smo precej dodatnih popisov in
jim pridružili popise nekoliko podobnih sestojev
v italijanskem delu Julijskih Alp in deloma tudi
v Karnijskih Alpah. Primerjava zbranega popisnega gradiva je omogočila tipizacijo dveh novih
asociacije, Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris in
Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae.
Fitocenološke popise smo naredili po standardni srednjeevropski fitocenološki metodi (Braun-Blanquet 1964). Zbrane popise smo vnesli v bazo
podatkov FloVegSi (Seliškar et al. 1993) in jih numerično obdelali s programskim paketom SYN-TAX 2000 (Podani 2001). V prvem koraki smo
med seboj primerjali 87 popisov sestojev z dominantnima vrstama Laserpitium siler in Grafia golaka v Julijskih Alpah, vključno s prigorjem (t. i. Julijske Predalpe), in Karnijskih Alpah – sliki 2 in
3. Sestoji z dominantno vrsto Grafia golaka iz Julijskih Predalp so se jasno razlikovali od sestojev
z dominantno vrsto Laserpitium siler iz Julijskih in
Karnijskih Alp. Na podlagi tega smo izdelali štiri
analitske tabele (tabele 1, 2, 3, 4). V prvi so tipični
sestoji asociacije Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris, v tabeli 2 robni sestoji te asocicicije, ki kažejo
na mogoče prehode k podobnim združbam visokih steblik in gorskih travišč (začasno jih vrednotimo kot varianto Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum
sileris typicum var. Brachypodium rupestre), v tretji
54
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
ben habitatni tip za nekatere ptice, npr. za kosca
(Crex crex) in na nekaterih območjih (npr. pobočja Stolovega grebena) tudi evropsko varstveno
pomemben habitatni tip.
Croatia along a climatic gradient. Phyton
(Horn) 45 (2): 287–303.
Čušin, B. 2006: Rastlinstvo Breginjskega kota.
Založba ZRC, ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana, 198 pp.
Dakskobler, I. 2003: Pioneer spruce stands above
the actual (anthropogenic) upper forest line in
the southern Julian Alps (an example from the
upper Bača Valley). Hacquetia 2 (1): 19–37.
Dakskobler, I., Vreš, B. Anderle, B. 2007: Novosti
v Flori slovenskega dela Julijskih Alp. No­
velties of flora in the Slovenian part of the
Julian Alps. Razprave 4. razreda SAZU 48 (2):
139–192.
Ewald, J. 1996: Graslahner – Rasengesellschaften
in der montanen Waldstufe der Tegernseer
Kalkalpen. Berichte der Bayerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft (München) 66/67: 115–133.
Gils van, H., Kaysers, E.& Launspach, W. 1975:
Saumgesellschaften im klimazonalen Bereich
des Ostryo-Carpinion orientalis. Vegetatio 31 (1):
47–64.
Gobbo, G. & Poldini, L. 2005: La diversità floristica del parco delle Prealpi Giulie. Atlante corologico. Università degli Studi di Trieste, Dipartimento di Biologia, Trieste, 364 pp.
Grabherr, G., Greimler, J. & Mucina, L. 1993: Seslerietea albicantis. In: Grabherr, G. & Mucina
L.(eds.): Die Pflanzengesellschaften Österreichs. Teil II: Natürliche waldfreie Vegetation, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena - Stuttgart New York, pp. 402–446.
Jarvis A., Reuter, H. I., Nelson, A., Guevara, E.
2008: Hole-filled seamless SRTM data V4. International Centre for Tropical Agriculture
(CIAT), available from http://srtm.csi.cgiar.
org.
Kaligarič, M. 1997: Rastlinstvo Primorskega
krasa in Slovenske Istre: travniki in pašniki.
Zgodovinsko društvo za južno Primorsko,
Znanstveno raziskovalno središče Republike
Slovenije Koper (Annales majora), Koper,
111 pp.
Kaligarič, M. & Poldini, L. 1997: Nuovi contri­
buti per una tipologia fitosociologica delle
pra­terie magre (Scorzoneretalia villosae H-ić
1975) del Carso nordadriatico. Gortania 19:
119–148.
Kaligarič, M., Meister, M. H., Škornik, S., Šajna,
N., Kramberger B. & Bolhàr-Nordenkampf,
H. R. 2011: Grassland succesion is mediated
by umbelliferous colonizers showing allelopathic potential. Plant Biosystems 145 (3):
688–698.
6. Acknowledgements
In our field work we were assisted by the late
Prof. Dr. Tone Wraber, Mag. Boško Čušin and
Dr. Jože Bavcon (relevés under Breginjski Stol),
and Dr. Gino Gobbo (relevés under the Muzci
ridge / Cime del Monte Musi). Associate professor Dr. Andraž Čarni helped with literature and
his advice. Sincere thanks to two anonymous
reviewers for their helpful remarks and improvements. Iztok Sajko made the synoptic picture of
the study area and improved the Figure 2. English translation by Andreja Šalamon Verbič.
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A., Turk, B., Vreš, B., Ravnik, V., Frajman, B.,
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239 pp.
Received 15. 12. 2011
Revision received 28. 2. 2012
Accepted 29. 2. 2012
56
208454
1490
SW W SW SE SSW SW SW SW SE SW SW S
Altitude in m (Nadmorska višina v m)
Aspect (Lega)
E2
208450
1430
202699
1490
202698
1440
202697
1420
213095
1500
202688
1410
238344
1270
212390
1470
212396
1520
212395
1500
212389
1470
208458
1490
208457
1470
8/24/2004
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
5
5
0
5 10 1 20 0 20 0
5
0
0 10 0
m
m
Quadrant (Kvadrant)
Coordinate (koordinata) Y
(Gauß-Krüger, D 48)
Coordinate (koordinata) X
(Gauß-Krüger, D 48)
Locality (Nahajališče)
Date of taking relevé (Datum popisa)
8/24/2004
9749/4
420170
121838
Kobla
420031
121872
Kobla
9749/4
8/24/2004
9749/4
8/24/2004
420344
121696
Kobla
420635
121508
Kobla
9749/4
7/14/2005
9749/4
7/14/2005
421941
122416
Šavnik
421951
122434
Šavnik
9749/4
7/14/2005
9749/4
7/14/2005
421989
122456
Šavnik
421962
122403
Šavnik
9749/4
7/8/2010
9749/4
7/17/2002
417027
120516
Sanek - Stržišče
423306
121224
Lajnar
9750/3
7/13/2005
9749/4
7/29/2002
417675
120936
Črna prst - Ejbn
423162
121412
Slatnik
9750/3
7/29/2002
423091
121454
Slatnik
9750/3
8/26/2002
9749/4
8/26/2002
422757
121746
Slatnik
422782
121742
Slatnik
9749/4
8/26/2002
9749/4
8/26/2002
422743
121785
Slatnik - Trojar
422814
121744
Slatnik
9749/4
7/16/2002
9750/3
6/18/1999
423333
121252
Slatnik
422508
121815
Slatnik - Milterna
9749/4
8/26/2002
9749/4
7/27/2001
422737
121736
Slatnik
417067
120916
Črna prst - Ejbn
9749/4
7/27/2001
9749/4
8/24/1992
417037
120910
Črna prst - Ejbn
422370
121809
Slatnik - Milterna
9749/4
7/14/2005
9749/4
8/16/2004
9749/3
Šavnik
421891
122400
7/2/1994
Črna prst - Stržišče
0
0
0
0
0 20
A
417109
120800
Planina Suha
412111
123090
Lemerž -Krnsko jezero 9/17/2002
398677
127779
9749/4
6/8/2009
Bala - Prehod
395401
138686
9748/1
6/8/2009
Bala - Logje
395593
138298
9647/2
7/12/2006
9647/2
9/8/2004
Planja -Kanin
9646/4
381106
132294
9547/4
396989
143710
57
Loška Koritnica
10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 30 50 20 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 30 50 50 50 20 10 50 50 20 20 20 20
0
5 10 10 10 10 10 20 10 30 20 30 10 5 20 10 10 0
A Gr Gr A Gr A
m2
0
5
A
Relevé area (Velikost popisne ploskve)
0
9 10 0
A
E1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 80 80 90 100 100 90 90 90 100 100 90
42 39 46 28 52 59 55 45 42 72 68 67 57 52 52 53 43 59 87 51 64 58 45 34 32 50 50 72 65 38 40
0
5 10 0 10 5 10 5
A DA Gr Gr A Gr A
0
A DR AR Gr AR AR DA A
Stoniness in % (Kamnitost v %)
Cover of shrub layer in %
(Zastiranje grmovne plastži v %):
Cover of herb layer in %
(Zastiranje zeliščne plasti v %):
Number of species (Število vrst)
A
Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Re Li
Soil (Tla)
A
40 30 45 35 40 40 35 45 50 40 35 35 40 45 45 40 45 40 35 45 30 45 45 40 40 30 35 30 20 40 45
AR AL AR AL A
Slope in degrees (Nagib v stopinjah)
S SW E
202696
1490
S
202695
1460
SE
202701
1510
S
202700
1420
S SW E
202703
1370
S
202702
1470
SE SE SW SE SW SW SW SW SE
202704
1430
Parent material (Matična podlaga)
Working number of relevé
(Delovna številka popisa)
202705
1450
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
202706
1310
8
212394
1440
7
208432
1450
6
202707
1360
5
202708
1540
4
230555
1240
3
230561
950
2
213130
1440
1
214121
1530
Number of relevé (Zapored. štev. popisa)
Table 1: Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris typicum – the Julian Alps, Slovenia.
Tabela 1: Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris typicum – Julijske Alpe, Slovenija.
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
ES
TG
ES
CA
ES
TG
TG
CA
CA
CA
Number of relevé (Zapored. štev. popisa)
1 2 3 4 5 6
Diagnostic species of the association (Diagnostične vrste asociacije)
Laserpitium siler
E1 + 4 4 5 4 3
Carduus crassifolius
E1 . + 1 + 1 1
Centaurea haynaldii subsp. julica
E1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Serratula tinctoria subsp. macrocephala
E1 3 3 + + 2 1
Laserpitium latifolium (subsp. asperum)
E1 1 + . . + 1
Lilium carniolicum
E1 . . . . + .
Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra
E1 . . + + . .
Laserpitium peucedanoides
E1 . . . . . .
Caricion austroalpinae
Festuca calva
E1 . . + . 1 2
Scorzonera rosea
E1 . + . . + +
Allium ericetorum
E1 + + + . . .
Asperula aristata
E1 . . . . . .
Linum julicum
E1 . . . . . .
Pedicularis elongata subsp. julica
E1 . . . . . .
Gentiana lutea subsp. vardjanii
E1 . . . . . .
Heracleum austriacum subsp. siifolium
E1 . . . . . .
Elyno-Seslerietea
Betonica alopecuros
E1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria
E1 3 3 3 3 1 2
Helianthemum nummularium subsp.
grandiflorum
E1 . . 1 1 1 1
Scabiosa lucida subsp. stricta
E1 1 1 + + 1 +
Carex sempervirens
E1 + . . . . .
Phyteuma orbiculare
E1 + + + + + +
Campanula witasekiana
E1 + . + . + +
Phleum hirsutum
E1 . . . . + 1
Peucedanum austriacum subsp. rablense
E1 . . . . + 1
Pulsatilla alpina subsp. austroalpina
E1 + . + . . .
Leucanthemum adustum
E1 . + . . . .
Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus
E1 . . . . . +
Cerastium strictum
E1 + . + + . .
Ranunculus montanus
E1 + . . . . .
Acinos alpinus
E1 . . . . . +
Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris
E1 . . . . . .
Galium anisophyllum
E1 . . . . . .
Rhinanthus aristatus
E1 + 1 . 1 . .
Globularia cordifolia
E1 . . . . . .
Astrantia bavarica
E1 1 + . . . .
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1
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1
2
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3
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1
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1
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52
32
29
23
16
10
3
3
27
24
20
20
19
14
13
13
12
12
10
9
9
9
9
8
6
5
87
77
65
65
61
45
42
42
39
39
32
29
29
29
29
26
19
16
30 97
29 94
16
10
9
7
5
3
1
1
31 100
28 90
26 84
23 74
21 68
19 61
17 55
10 32
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Pr. Fr.
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
Hieracium villosum
Potentilla crantzii
Thesium alpinum
Pimpinella alpina
Polygonum viviparum
Gentiana verna
Campanula thyrsoides
Polygala alpestris
Bartsia alpina
Gentianella anisodonta
Achillea clavenae
Orobanche reticulata
Crepis alpestris
Astragalus penduliflorus
Myosotis alpestris
Anemone narcissiflora
Thesium pyrenaicum
Carex mucronata
Gentiana clusii
Globularia nudicaulis
Androsace villosa
Carex ferruginea
Senecio abrotanifolius
Alchemilla fissa
Aster alpinus
Hieracium pilosum
Oxytropis neglecta
FB Festuco-Brometea
Buphthalmum salicifolium
Bromopsis transsilvanica
Carex humilis
Koeleria pyramidata s. lat.
Gymnadenia conopsea
Prunella grandiflora
Cirsium erisithales
Carlina acaulis
Linum viscosum
Dianthus monspessulanus
Centaurea triumfettii
Campanula glomerata
Thlaspi praecox
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E1
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E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
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E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
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29
28
28
24
23
23
22
17
17
16
15
11
10
5
4
4
4
4
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
94
90
90
77
74
74
71
55
55
52
48
35
32
16
13
13
13
13
13
10
6
6
6
6
6
6
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
Number of relevé (Zapored. štev. popisa)
Stachys recta agg.
Hippocrepis comosa
Allium senescens
Briza media
Galium lucidum
Arabis hirsuta
Allium carinatum subsp. pulchellum
Teucrium chamaedrys
Cuscuta epithymum
Orobanche gracilis
Euphorbia cyparissias
Helictotrichon praeustum
Thymus pulegioides
Dactylorhiza sambucina
Brachypodium rupestre
Carlina vulgaris
Plantago media
Peucedanum oreoselinum
Trifolium montanum
Teucrium montanum
Polygala comosa
Pimpinella saxifraga
Salvia pratensis
Sanguisorba minor
TG Trifolio-Geranietea
Thalictrum minus
Polygonatum odoratum
Silene nutans
Iris graminea
Arabis pauciflora
Tanacetum corymbosum agg. (T. clusii ?)
Vicia sylvatica
Anthericum ramosum
Libanotis sibirica subsp. montana
Valeriana collina (V. wallrothii)
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria
Verbascum lanatum
Clinopodium vulgare
Trifolium rubens
Orobanche laserpitii-sileris
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31 Pr. Fr.
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1 3
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
Origanum vulgare
Achillea distans
Viola hirta
Agrimonia eupatoria
Digitalis grandiflora
Hypericum perforatum
Thesium bavarum
PoT Poo alpinae-Trisetalia
Festuca nigrescens
Astrantia major
Traunsteinera globosa
Trollius europaeus
Pimpinella major subsp. rubra
Campanula scheuchzeri
Anthoxanthum odoratum
Crocus albiflorus
Ranunculus nemorosus
Polygonum bistorta
Poa alpina
MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
Lotus corniculatus s. lat.
Galium album
Dactylis glomerata
Leontodon hispidus subsp. hispidus
Trifolium pratense
Lathyrus pratensis
Vicia sepium
Achillea millefolium agg.
Veronica chamaedrys
CU Calluno-Ulicetea
Phyteuma zahlbruckneri
Luzula multiflora
Carex pallescens
MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea
Silene vulgaris subsp. antelopum
Lathyrus occidentalis var. montanus
Aconitum lycoctonum subsp.
ranunculifolium
Hypericum maculatum
Polygonatum verticillatum
Veratrum album s. lat.
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45
35
32
23
13
10
6
3
3
58
39
39
32
23
13
13
13
13
3
3
9
7
6
6
29
23
19
19
18 58
10 32
6 19
1 3
1 3
14
11
10
7
4
3
2
1
1
18
12
12
10
7
4
4
4
4
1
1
3 10
2 6
2 6
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
Number of relevé (Zapored. štev. popisa)
Pleurospermum austriacum
Rumex arifolius
Salix appendiculata
Geranium sylvaticum
Heracleum montanum
Allium victorialis
Centaurea montana
Senecio ovatus
Chaerophyllum villarsii
Eryngium alpinum
Myrrhis odorata
Sorbus chamaemespilus
Aconitum angustifolium
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium
Urtica dioica
SCF Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae
Parnassia palustris
Pinguicula alpina
Gentiana utriculosa
TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii
Ligusticum seguieri
Biscutella laevigata
Viola pyrenaica
Rumex scutatus
Adenostyles glabra
Petasites paradoxus
Silene vulgaris subsp. glareosa
Astrantia carniolica
Leontodon hispidus subsp. hyoseroides
AT Asplenietea trichomanis
Primula auricula
Saxifraga hostii
Saxifraga crustata
Sedum maximum
Sedum album
Dianthus sylvestris
Asplenium ruta-muraria
Iris pallida subsp. cengialti
Festuca stenantha
Silene hayekiana
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15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Pr. Fr.
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1 3
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
63
FS
AF
EC
VP
EP
Rhamnus pumilus
Carex brachystachys
Asplenium trichomanes
Erico-Pinetea
Chamaecytisus hirsutus subsp. ciliatus
Genista radiata
Calamagrostis varia
Erica carnea
Aquilegia nigricans
Carex ornithopoda
Polygala chamaebuxus
Rubus saxatilis
Cotoneaster tomentosus
Juniperus sibirica
Leontodon incanus
Pinus mugo
Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea
Vaccinio-Piceetea
Picea abies
Aposeris foetida
Calamagrostis arundinacea
Luzula luzuloides
Rosa pendulina
Erythronio-Carpinion
Ornithogalum pyrenaicum
Primula vulgaris
Galanthus nivalis
Aremonio-Fagion
Knautia drymeia
Cyclamen purpurascens
Rhamnus fallax
Dentaria enneaphyllos
Fagetalia sylvaticae
Mercurialis perennis
Melica nutans
Symphytum tuberosum
Fagus sylvatica
Lilium martagon
Myosotis sylvatica
Luzula nivea
Tilia cordata
E1
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16
10
10
10
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15 48
10 32
3 10
1 3
12 39
5 16
1 3
10 32
7 23
2 6
1 3
1 3
22
21
19
8
3
3
2
2
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1
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
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.
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.
.
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.
.
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2
.
.
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.
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.
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.
.
.
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.
.
3
.
.
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.
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4
.
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.
.
.
.
+
.
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+
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5
.
.
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+
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6
.
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+
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.
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.
7
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
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.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
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.
.
8
.
.
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+
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+
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+
+
+
+
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+
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.
1
.
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+
.
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+
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+
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+
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+
+
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r
.
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+
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+
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1
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+
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+
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+
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.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
+
+
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
42
13
13
10
10
6
3
3
3
3 10
1 3
3 10
2 6
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 3
1
1
5 16
5 16
4 13
1 3
1 3
1 3
13
4
4
3
3
2
1
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Pr. Fr.
. . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 3
. . . . . . . . . . r . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 3
. . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 3
. . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . .
1 3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . .
1 3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . .
1 3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 .
1 3
A Limestone (apnenec), D Dolomite (dolomit), R Chert (roženec), L Marl (laporovec), Gr Gravel (pobočni grušč), Re Rendzina (rendzina), Li Lithosol (kamnišče)
SM
EA
M
O
EA
RP
QF
QP
TA
Number of relevé (Zapored. štev. popisa)
Acer pseudoplatanus
Hesperis candida
Euphorbia amygdaloides
Galium laevigatum
Poa nemoralis
Lathyrus vernus
Salvia glutinosa
Scrophularia nodosa
Quercetalia pubescentis
Peucedanum schottii var. schottii
Convallaria majalis
Primula veris subsp. columnae
Carex flacca
Sorbus aria
Melittis melissophyllum
Ostrya carpinifolia
Querco-Fagetea
Anemone nemorosa
Carex digitata
Listera ovata
Dactylorhiza fuchsii
Corylus avellana
Cruciata glabra
Rhamno-Prunetea
Rosa canina
Rosa glauca
Other species (Druge vrste)
Rubus idaeus
Juniperus communis
Hieracium sp.
Poa sp.
Myosotis arvensis
Fragaria vesca
Mosses (Mahovi)
Tortella tortuosa
Schistidium apocarpum
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
Table 2: Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris typicum var. Brachypodium rupestre – the Julian Alps, Slovenia.
Table 2: Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris typicum var. Brachypodium rupestre – Julijske Alpe, Slovenija.
8/8/1997
8/8/1997
8/8/1997
126361 381129 9746/2 Breginjski Stol
126670 380938 9746/2 Breginjski Stol
126492 380753 9746/2 Breginjski Stol
1
.
3
2
.
+
.
.
1
+
1
.
+
1
+
.
1
2
3
1
.
+
.
+
+
1
1
1
.
r
.
.
+
2
1
2
.
.
.
.
+
3
.
1
+
.
+
.
+
3
1
.
+
.
.
+
+
1
.
+
.
+
.
.
1
1
1
3
1
.
1
1
+
1
+
2
2
.
+
2
+
2
+
+
1
.
+
.
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
+
+
+
1
.
.
+
.
.
.
+
.
.
+
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
+
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
1
+
.
.
.
1
.
+
+
.
.
.
1
.
+
+
.
.
.
2
.
.
+
.
.
.
E1
E1
E1
E1
1
+
.
.
1
+
.
.
+
+
+
+
1
+
+
1
+
+
+
+
1
+
+
1
1
+
+
+
1
.
+
r
1
+
+
.
1
.
+
1
1
+
.
2
1
.
+
1
Quadrant
Coordinate Y (Gauß-Krüger, D 48)
m
Coordinate X (Gauß-Krüger, D 48)
m
65
Pr.
Fr.
1100 203671
8/29/1991
120865 418779 9749/4 Šoštar
1260 203672
8/9/2006
122136 417654 9749/4 Lisec
1130 203670
7/21/2004
1600 212047
6/17/2002
SE SSE SW SSW SSW
10 30 30 30 25
A AR A Gr Gr
R
R
R
R
R
0 10 5
5
5
10 10 0
0
2
90 90 100 100 100
41 72 81 69 73
15 50 50 50 50
gora 121821 418633 9749/4 Črna
Home
S
35
A
Li
20
0
100
57
50
121940 419941 9749/4 Kobla - Krevle
S
40
ALR
R
10
1
90
49
50
6/17/2002
S
35
ALR
R
10
10
100
52
10
121923 419914 9749/4 Kobla - Krevle
SW
40
ALR
R
0
0
100
49
20
7/16/2004
S
35
A
R
5
0
100
60
20
121808 419975 9749/4 Kobla - Krevle
SW
30
AG
E
0
0
100
60
20
6/11/2003
SW
40
AR
R
0
0
100
56
50
121305 419008 9749/4 Šoštar - Blehe
1520 208407
12
1440 202690
11
1410 202689
10
1300 208444
9
1510 202942
8
1
+
2
2
+
+
.
.
Locality
Diagnostic species of the association
Centaurea haynaldii subsp. julica
Laserpitium siler
Serratula tinctoria subsp. macrocephala
Laserpitium latifolium (subsp. asperum)
Carduus crassifolius
Laserpitium peucedanoides
Lilium carniolicum
Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra
Caricion austroalpinae
Festuca calva
Scorzonera rosea
Allium ericetorum
Asperula aristata
Linum julicum
Heracleum austriacum subsp. siifolium
Pedicularis elongata subsp. julica
ES Elyno-Seslerietea
Betonica alopecuros
Phyteuma orbiculare
Helianthemum nummularium subsp. grandiflorum
Scabiosa lucida subsp. stricta
7
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
Date of taking relevé
CA
TG
ES
TG
ES
CA
TG
CA
CA
6
120754 418288 9749/4 Črna prst -Štuke 7/13/2005
m2
5
1510 213088
E2
E1
4
121188 423441 9750/3 Slatnik
Altitude in m
Aspect
Slope in degrees
Parent material
Soil
Stoniness in %
Cover of shrub layer in %
Cover of herb layer in %
Number of species
Relevé area
3
1400 202687
Working number of relevé
2
7/17/2002
1
1430 203494
Number of relevé
Pr. Fr.
12 100
11 92
10 83
10 83
7 58
6 50
5 42
4 33
6
6
4
4
2
1
1
50
50
33
33
17
8
8
12 100
9 75
9 75
9 75
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
Number of relevé
Campanula witasekiana
Phleum hirsutum
Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria
Leucanthemum adustum
Pulsatilla alpina subsp. austroalpina
Carex sempervirens
Galium anisophyllum
Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris
Carex ferruginea
Hieracium villosum
Astragalus penduliflorus
Campanula thyrsoides
Peucedanum austriacum subsp. rablense
Anemone narcissiflora
Polygonum viviparum
Rhinanthus aristatus
Acinos alpinus
Bartsia alpina
Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus
Astrantia bavarica
Crepis bocconi
Ranunculus montanus
Carduus defloratus
Thesium alpinum
Cerastium strictum
Pimpinella alpina
FB Festuco-Brometea
Bromopsis transsilvanica
Buphthalmum salicifolium
Carlina acaulis
Cirsium erisithales
Koeleria pyramidata (s. lat.)
Brachypodium rupestre
Dianthus monspessulanus
Campanula glomerata
Centaurea triumfettii
Gymnadenia conopsea
Prunella grandiflora
Briza media
Carex humilis
Linum viscosum
Iris sibirica subsp. erirrhiza
Trifolium montanum
Helictotrichon praeustum
Galium verum
Inula hirta
Allium carinatum subsp. carinatum
Cirsium pannonicum
Galium lucidum
Peucedanum oreoselinum
Plantago media
Veronica teucrium
Helianthemum nummularium subsp. obscurum
Thlaspi praecox
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
1
+
+
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
+
.
1
.
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
+
+
+
+
1
1
+
+
+
+
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
+
+
.
1
+
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
1
.
.
.
+
.
2
.
2
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
.
+
+
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6
+
.
.
+
+
+
.
.
.
r
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
+
1
+
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
+
.
.
8
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9
+
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
+
.
1
+
.
.
.
+
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
10
+
1
+
+
.
.
.
+
.
+
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11
+
1
.
+
.
.
r
+
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
12
+
1
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
2
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Pr.
8
8
7
6
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Fr.
67
67
58
50
42
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
25
25
25
25
17
17
17
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
1
1
+
2
.
2
+
+
.
.
.
+
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
+
+
+
2
.
+
.
+
+
.
+
1
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
+
+
.
+
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
+
1
.
.
.
+
.
+
+
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
+
+
+
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
+
.
+
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
+
+
+
1
1
+
.
+
+
.
1
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
+
+
.
2
2
2
+
+
.
+
+
1
+
.
.
1
1
1
+
+
1
+
+
+
.
.
1
+
+
+
1
3
2
+
+
.
+
+
.
.
.
+
1
1
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
+
.
2
+
2
+
+
.
.
1
+
.
.
+
2
1
+
+
+
2
+
+
+
1
.
10
10
10
9
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
83
83
83
75
58
50
50
50
50
50
50
42
42
33
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
17
17
17
17
17
8
66
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
Number of relevé
Allium carinatum subsp. pulchellum
Thymus pulegioides
Hippocrepis comosa
Sanguisorba minor
Hypochoeris maculata
Cirsium x linkianum
Silene vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Teucrium chamaedrys
Euphorbia cyparissias
Asperula cynanchica
Veronica barrelieri
Stachys recta agg.
TG Trifolio-Geranietea
Arabis pauciflora
Tanacetum corymbosum agg. (T. clusii ?)
Libanotis sibirica subsp. montana
Thalictrum minus
Trifolium rubens
Iris graminea
Polygonatum odoratum
Achillea distans
Vicia sylvatica
Verbascum lanatum
Geranium sanguineum
Thesium bavarum
Origanum vulgare
Digitalis grandiflora
Silene nutans
Verbascum lychnitis
Trifolium medium
Anthericum ramosum
Hypericum perforatum
Valeriana collina
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria
PoT Poo alpinae-Trisetalia
Trollius europaeus
Festuca nigrescens
Anthoxanthum odoratum
Ranunculus nemorosus
Pimpinella major subsp. rubra
Crocus albiflorus
Traunsteinera globosa
Astrantia major
Agrostis capillaris
MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
Galium album
Lotus corniculatus s. lat.
Dactylis glomerata s. str.
Lathyrus pratensis
Leontodon hispidus subsp. hispidus
Trifolium pratense
Angelica sylvestris
Vicia sepium
Achillea roseoalba
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
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1
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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11
8
8
7
7
6
4
4
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
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92
67
67
58
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50
33
33
25
25
25
25
17
17
17
17
8
8
8
8
8
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67
58
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33
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.
.
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+
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+
.
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7
6
6
5
2
2
2
1
1
58
50
50
42
17
17
17
8
8
67
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
Number of relevé
Veronica chamaedrys
CU Calluno-Ulicetea
Potentilla erecta
Arnica montana
Carex pilulifera
Luzula multiflora
MuAMulgedio-Aconitetea
Hypericum maculatum
Rumex arifolius
Lathyrus occidentalis var. montanus
Silene vulgaris subsp. antelopum
Pleurospermum austriacum
Veratrum album s. lat.
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. montanum
Polygonatum verticillatum
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium
Carduus carduelis
Senecio ovatus
Chaerophyllum villarsii
Silene dioica
Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. ranunculifolium
Crepis pyrenaica
Myrrhis odorata
Poa hybrida
Allium victorialis
Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum
Geum rivale
Pedicularis hacquetii
Ranunculus platanifolius
Eryngium alpinum
Sorbus chamaemespilus
Aconitum angustifolium
TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii
Ligusticum seguieri
Adenostyles glabra
Viola pyrenaica
AT Asplenietea trichomanis
Primula auricula
Sedum maximum
Dianthus sylvestris
Saxifraga crustata
Saxifraga hostii
Sempervivum tectorum
Silene hayekiana
Asplenium ruta-muraria
Iris pallida subsp. cengialti
EP Erico-Pinetea
Chamaecytisus hirsutus subsp. ciliatus
Erica carnea
Genista radiata
Calamagrostis varia
Rubus saxatilis
Polygala chamaebuxus
Carex ornithopoda
E1
1
.
2
.
3
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4
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5
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
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8
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33
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2
2
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58
50
42
42
42
42
33
33
25
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17
17
17
17
17
17
17
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
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8
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.
.
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8
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8
8
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+
+
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.
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+
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+
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.
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1
+
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3
1
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+
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+
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3
.
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+
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.
.
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.
6
3
3
2
2
2
1
50
25
25
17
17
17
8
68
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
VP
EC
AF
FS
QP
QF
RP
O
ML
Number of relevé
Molinia caerulea susbp. arundinacea
Vaccinio-Piceetea
Aposeris foetida
Calamagrostis arundinacea
Luzula luzuloides
Solidago virgaurea
Picea abies
Vaccinium myrtillus
Clematis alpina
Rosa pendulina
Erythronio-Carpinion
Ornithogalum pyrenaicum
Helleborus odorus
Galanthus nivalis
Primula vulgaris
Aremonio-Fagion
Knautia drymeia
Fagetalia sylvaticae
Mercurialis perennis
Lilium martagon
Myosotis sylvatica
Campanula trachelium
Galium laevigatum
Acer pseudoplatanus
Lonicera alpigena
Quercetalia pubescentis
Melittis melissophyllum
Primula veris subsp. columnae
Peucedanum schottii var. schottii
Convallaria majalis
Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa
Sorbus aria
Peucedanum schottii var. petraeum
Carex flacca
Querco-Fagetea
Cruciata glabra
Veratrum nigrum
Carex digitata
Corylus avellana
Anemone nemorosa
Listera ovata
Dactylorhiza fuchsii
Rhamno-Prunetea
Rhamnus catharticus
Other species
Juniperus communis
Mosses
Tortella tortuosa
Schistidium apocarpum
Fissidens dubius
E1
1
.
2
.
3
.
4
.
5
.
6
.
7
.
8
.
9
.
10
+
11
.
12
.
Pr.
1
Fr.
8
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E1
E1
E2
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E1
E2
1
.
.
.
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+
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7
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
58
25
17
17
17
8
8
8
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1
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+
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+
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3
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11
92
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1
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1
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1
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+
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.
.
.
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.
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.
9
4
2
1
1
1
1
75
33
17
8
8
8
8
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E1
E1
E1
E2
E1
E1
.
.
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+
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+
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1
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1
.
.
2
.
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.
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.
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
25
25
25
17
17
17
8
8
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E1
E1
E2
E1
E1
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.
.
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.
+
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1
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+
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3
3
2
2
1
1
1
25
25
17
17
8
8
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.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
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1
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.
.
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+
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1
8
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E0
.
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2
1
1
17
8
8
A Limestone, D Dolomite, R Chert, L Marl, Gr Gravel, Re Rendzina, Li Lithosol
69
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
Table 3: Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris var. geogr. Pedicularis elongata, the Carnic Alps, W Julian Alps, NE Italy.
Tabela 3: Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris var. geogr. Pedicularis elongata, Karnijske in zahodne Julijske Alpe,
severovzhodna Italija.
8
LP8
1240
S
30
D
Re
100
94
30
Date of taking relevé
8. 22.
2003
9. 21.
2003
9. 21.
2003
9. 21.
2003
9. 21.
2003
9. 21.
2003
9. 21.
2003
9. 21.
2003
9442
4
9442
4
9546
4
9546
4
9546
4
9546
4
9546
4
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
3
1
+
+
.
.
3
.
.
+
+
.
2
1
+
+
+
.
4
1
1
.
.
.
3
1
1
.
.
+
3
.
3
.
.
.
4
1
.
.
+
1
4
+
.
.
.
.
Pr.
8
6
5
3
3
2
Fr.
100
75
63
38
38
25
E1
E1
E1
+
.
.
+
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
3
1
1
38
13
13
E1
E1
E1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
+
1
.
+
.
2
2
1
25
25
13
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
2
+
1
2
.
.
1
+
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
1
+
+
2
+
1
+
+
1
+
.
.
.
+
.
1
1
+
1
.
1
.
+
.
+
.
.
.
.
+
1
+
+
1
+
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
+
1
1
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
1
+
1
.
+
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
+
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
8
8
8
5
5
4
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
100
100
100
63
63
50
38
38
25
25
25
13
13
13
13
Quadrant
ES
EP
TR
CU
ES
Diagnostic species of the association
Laserpitium siler
Carduus crassifolius
Laserpitium latifolium (subsp. asperum)
Laserpitium peucedanoides
Serratula tinctoria (cfr. macrocephala)
Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra
Geographical differential species
Pedicularis elongata subsp. elongata
Knautia ressmannii
Euphorbia triflora subsp. kerneri
Caricion austroalpinae
Festuca calva
Allium ericetorum
Linum julicum
Elyno-Seslerietea
Betonica alopecurus
Helianthemum nummularium subsp. grandiflorum
Scabiosa lucida s. lat (cfr. stricta)
Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria
Rhinanthus glacialis
Leucanthemum cfr. heterophyllum (? adustum)
Carex sempervirens
Phyteuma orbiculare
Acinos alpinus
Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris
Thesium alpinum
Ranunculus hybridus
Senecio abrotanifolius
Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus
Globularia cordifolia
Fr.
9442
1
Locality
TR
ES
TR
CA
ES
CA
Pr.
sentiero Alta Via
Val Raccolana
7
LP7
1470
S
25
D
Re
100
85
30
sentiero Alta Via
Val Raccolana
6
LP6
1470
S
25
D
Re
100
85
30
sentiero Alta Via
Val Raccolana
5
LP5
1520
SSE
30
D
Re
100
85
30
sentiero Alta Via
Val Raccolana
4
LP4
1550
S
45
D
Re
100
85
30
sentiero Alta Via
Val Raccolana
3
LP3
1530
S
20
D
Re
100
85
30
M. Talm
2
LP2
1720
S
30
D
Re
100
85
30
M. Talm
1
LP1
1880
SW
25
D
Re
100
85
30
M. Chiadin
(Sappada)
Number of relevé
Working number of relevé
Altitude in m
Aspect
Slope in degrees
Parent material
Soil
Cover of herb layer in %
Number of species
Relevé area
70
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
Number of relevé
Helianthemum alpestre
Campanula thyrsoides subsp. carniolica
Galium anisophyllum
Pulsatilla alpina subsp. austroalpina
Senecio doronicum
Polygonum viviparum
FB Festuco-Brometea
Prunella grandiflora
Carex humilis
Bromus transilvanicus
Buphthalmum salicifolium
Koeleria pyramidata s. lat.
Gymnadenia conopsea
Festuca rupicola
Cirsium erisithales
Centaurea bracteata
Phleum phleoides
Asperula cfr. cynanchica
Carex caryophyllea
Brachypodium rupestre
Galium verum
Stachys labiosa
Briza media
Galium lucidum
Bromus erectus s. lat.
Bupleurum ranunculoides subsp. caricinum
Linum viscosum
Peucedanum oreoselinum
Centaurea triumfetti subsp. aligera (= C. axilaris)
Allium carinatum
Asperula purpurea
Carlina acaulis
Teucrium chamaedrys
TG Trifolio-Geranietea
Valeriana collina
Polygonatum odoratum
Thalictrum minus
Silene nutans s. lat.
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria
Clinopodium vulgare
Thesium bavarum
Viola hirta
Digitalis grandiflora
Origanum vulgare
PaT Poo alpinae-Trisetalia
Ranunculus nemorosus
Festuca nigrescens
MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
Lotus corniculatus
Lathyrus pratensis
Trifolium pratense
Vicia cracca
Orobanche minor
Achillea millefolium
Pimpinella major
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
+
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
.
+
.
.
.
.
6
.
.
.
.
.
.
7
.
.
+
1
1
+
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
Pr.
1
1
1
1
1
1
Fr.
13
13
13
13
13
13
1
.
1
+
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
1
+
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
+
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
1
2
+
1
.
.
1
1
2
+
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
+
.
.
.
+
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
.
.
+
.
.
+
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
1
.
.
1
.
1
.
+
.
.
.
2
+
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
+
+
7
6
5
4
4
2
2
4
4
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
88
75
63
50
50
25
25
50
50
38
25
25
25
25
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
+
.
.
.
+
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
2
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
1
+
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
+
+
+
+
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
+
1
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
5
4
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
63
50
38
25
25
25
13
13
13
13
E1
E1
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
25
13
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
+
+
+
.
.
+
+
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
38
25
25
13
13
13
13
71
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
Number of relevé
Veronica chamaedrys
CU Calluno-Ulicetea
Phyteuma zahlbruckneri
Potentilla erecta
MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea
Silene vulgaris subsp. antelopum
Heracleum sphondilium subsp. elegans
Geranium sylvaticum
Hypericum maculatum
Rumex alpestris
Thalictrum aquilegifolium
Lathyrus laevigatus
TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii
Biscutella laevigata
AT Asplenietea trichomanis
Campanula spicata
Saxifraga hostii
EP Erico-Pinetea
Calamagrostis varia
Peucedanum austriacum subsp. rablense
Erica carnea
Genista radiata
Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea
Chamaecytisus purpureus
Daphne cneorum
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Rubus saxatilis
Polygala chamaebuxus
VP Vaccinio-Piceetea
Larix decidua
Rosa pendulina
AF Aremonio-Fagion
Cyclamen purpurascens
Anemone trifolia
FS Fagetalia sylvaticae
Mercurialis perennis
Luzula nivea
Galium laevigatum
Poa nemoralis
QP Quercetalia pubescentis
Carex flacca
Convallaria majalis
QF Querco-Fagetea
Carex digitata
O
Other species
Fragaria vesca
E1
1
.
2
.
3
.
4
.
5
.
6
+
7
.
8
.
Pr.
1
Fr.
13
E1
E1
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
1
.
+
.
.
.
2
1
25
13
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
1
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
1
.
.
.
.
+
1
1
+
+
+
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6
3
2
1
1
1
1
75
38
25
13
13
13
13
E1
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
+
2
25
E1
E1
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
13
13
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
2
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
+
.
2
.
1
.
.
.
2
.
1
.
2
1
.
.
.
.
1
1
+
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
.
2
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
+
1
2
1
1
+
.
.
.
2
+
1
1
2
1
.
.
.
1
7
6
5
5
4
3
2
1
1
1
88
75
63
63
50
38
25
13
13
13
E1
E1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
1
1
13
13
E1
E1
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
1
1
13
13
E1
E1
E1
E1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
+
+
+
+
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
4
2
1
1
50
25
13
13
E1
E1
.
.
1
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
1
3
1
38
13
E1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
1
13
E1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
1
13
D Dolomite
Re Rendzina
72
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
Table 4: Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae Poldini ass. nov., the Julian Prealps, NE Italy.
Tabela 4: Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae Poldini ass. nov., Julijske Predalpe, severovzhodna Italija.
548
549
550
551
569
570
571
572
1360
886
1050
1410
1600
1300
1121
13 Pr.
1340
12
547
11
1100
10
546
9
1240
8
545
7
1040
6
544
5
1580
4
Aspect
SEE
S
0
0
S
N
N
0
SE
SE
SE
S
S
5
20
0
0 30-35 15
15
0
10
10
5
30
30
Slope in degrees
Parent material
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Soil
Re
Re
Re
Re
Re
Re
Re
Re
Re
Re
Re
Re
Re
E1 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
7/23/2000
8/6/2005
8/6/2005
9645/4
9747/3
9747/3
Poldini L.
Poldini L.
Poldini L.
4
.
1
.
1
4
.
+
4
.
.
+
3
.
.
1
2
4
.
.
1
3
1
.
4
.
.
.
4
.
+
.
2
4
.
.
3
4
.
.
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E2
E1
1
+
1
r
.
r
.
1
1
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
1
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
+
+
.
.
.
+
1
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
+
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
2
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
7
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
62
54
23
23
23
15
15
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
1
.
1
+
1
.
+
.
1
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
+
+
.
+
1
1
1
+
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
7
5
4
4
3
54
38
31
31
23
73
2004
7/23/2000
9645/4
Poldini L.
4
.
.
.
9645/4
8/2/2000
9745/1
Poldini L.
3
3
.
.
Author of the relevé
2004
8/2/2000
9745/1
Poldini L.
4
.
r
.
Quadrant
9645/3
7/23/2000
17
30
9645/4
14
30
Poldini L.
27
30
8/2/2000
19
30
9745/1
27
30
Poldini L.
27
30
7/23/2001
27
30
9841/2
39
30
Poldini L.
48
30
8/20/2000
29
30
9746/1
15
30
Poldini L.
22
30
E1
E1
E1
E1
Date of taking relevé
Diagnostic species of the association
Grafia golaka
Laserpitium siler
Molopospermum peloponnesiacum subsp. bauhinii
Laserpitium peucedanoides
Mulgedio-Aconitetea
Veratrum album subsp. lobelianum
Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. ranunculifolium
Hypericum maculatum
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. montanum
Polygonatum verticillatum
Aconitum tauricum (inc. A. angustifolium)
Senecio ovatus
Alchemilla xanthochlora
Geum rivale
Rumex arifolius
Rumex alpinus
Pleurospermum austriacum
Ranunculus platanifolius
Salix glabra
Stemmacantha rhapontica subsp. rhapontica
Salix appendiculata
Dactylis glomerata subsp. slovenica
Trifolio-Geranietea
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria
Thalictrum minus
Anthericum ramosum
Libanotis sibirica subsp. montana
Polygonatum odoratum
34
30
6/28/2007
m2
Dakskobler I. 9747/3
Relevé area
Fr.
Poldini L.,
G. Gobbo
Poldini L.,
G. Gobbo
Cover of herb layer in %
Number of species
TG
3
Altitude in m
Working number of relevé
MuA
TG
MuA
CA
MuA
2
215890
1
1450
Number of relevé
Pr. Fr.
13 100
6 46
4 31
3 23
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
Number of relevé
FB
CA
ES
Achillea distans
Iris graminea
Trifolium rubens
Verbascum lanatum
Thesium bavarum
Trifolium medium
Clinopodium vulgare
Inula spiraeifolia
Silene nutans
Hypericum perforatum
Petasites paradoxus
Laserpitium latifolium
Valeriana collina (V. wallrothii)
Digitalis grandiflora
Vicia sylvatica
Libanotis daucifolia
Festuco-Brometea
Buphthalmum salicifolium
Brachypodium rupestre s. lat.
Cirsium erisithales
Scabiosa columbaria
Dianthus monspessulanus
Briza media
Carlina acaulis subsp. simplex
Centaurea triumfettii
Galium verum
Peucedanum oreoselinum
Bromopsis transsilvanica
Trifolium montanum
Campanula glomerata
Allium carinatum subsp. carinatum
Asphodelus albus
Gymnadenia conopsea
Ranunculus polyanthemophyllus
Bromopsis erecta
Helictotrichon praeustum
Stachys labiosa
Thymus pulegioides
Veronica teucrium
Euphorbia cyparissias
Centaurea scabiosa subsp. fritschii
Cirsium pannonicum
Cirsium x linkianum
Campanula rotundifolia
Centaurea bracteata
Caricion austroalpinae
Scorzonera rosea
Koeleria eriostachya
Centaurea haynaldii subsp. julica
Festuca calva
Elyno-Seslerietea
Rhinanthus aristatus
Betonica alopecuros
Leucanthemum heterophyllum
Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13 Pr.
Fr.
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
2
.
.
r
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
1
.
.
.
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
15
15
15
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
.
.
.
.
.
1
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
2
.
+
1
+
.
+
+
1
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
1
+
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
1
1
1
.
.
+
+
.
+
1
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
1
1
.
.
1
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
1
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
+
.
.
.
1
1
.
+
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
+
.
.
.
2
1
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
1
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7
6
6
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
54
46
46
38
31
23
23
23
23
23
15
15
15
15
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
E1
E1
E1
E1
+
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
2
2
2
2
15
15
15
15
E1
E1
E1
E1
+
.
.
.
1
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
+
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
4
2
2
31
31
15
15
74
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
Number of relevé
Galium anisophyllum
Carduus crassifolius s. lat.
Phleum hirsutum
Helianthemum nummularium subsp.
grandiflorum
Pimpinella alpina
Carduus defloratus
Leucanthemum adustum
Carex sempervirens
Scabiosa lucida subsp. lucida
PaT Poo alpinae-Trisetalia
Agrostis capillaris
Trollius europaeus
Campanula scheuchzeri
Festuca nigrescens
Ranunculus nemorosus
Traunsteinera globosa
Astrantia major subsp. carinthiaca
Cerastium fontanum
MA Molinio-Arrhenetheretea
Angelica sylvestris
Dactylis glomerata s.str.
Lathyrus pratensis
Galium album
Trifolium pratense
Deschampsia cespitosa
Rumex acetosa
Stellaria graminea
Vicia cracca
Leontodon hispidus
Tragopogon orientalis
Festuca rubra
CU Calluno-Ulicetea
Potentilla erecta
Phyteuma zahlbruckneri
Danthonia decumbens
TR Thlaspietea rotundifolii
Adenostyles glabra
Astrantia carniolica
EP Erico-Pinetea
Rubus saxatilis
Calamagrostis varia
Chamaecytisus purpureus
Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea
Erica carnea
Peucedanum austriacum subsp. rablense
Genista radiata
Carex alba
VP Vaccinio-Piceetea
Calamagrostis arundinacea
Gentiana asclepiadea
Luzula luzuloides
Rosa pendulina
AF Aremonio-Fagion
Knautia drymeia
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13 Pr.
Fr.
E1
E1
E1
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
2
2
2
15
15
15
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
8
8
8
8
8
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
+
+
.
1
+
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
+
.
+
.
.
.
1
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
1
.
.
.
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
5
5
5
2
2
1
1
1
38
38
38
15
15
8
8
8
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
1
1
.
.
.
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
+
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
1
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
31
23
23
15
15
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
E1
E1
E1
+
+
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
1
1
15
8
8
E1
E1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
1
8
8
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
+
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
+
.
.
+
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
+
+
1
.
.
1
+
.
1
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
5
2
2
1
1
1
1
38
38
15
15
8
8
8
8
E1
E1
E1
E1
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
+
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
4
3
2
31
31
23
15
E1
1
.
1
1
+
1
1
.
.
.
+
1
.
8
62
75
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
FS
QP
QF
O
Number of relevé
Fagetalia sylvaticae
Lilium martagon
Mercurialis perennis
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sphondylium
Luzula nivea
Lathyrus vernus
Laburnum alpinum
Acer pseudoplatanus
Melica nutans
Symphytum tuberosum subsp. angustifolium
Galeobdolon flavidum
Fraxinus excelsior
Daphne mezereum
Quercetalia pubescentis
Convallaria majalis
Carex flacca
Peucedanum schottii var. schottii
Querco-Fagetea
Serratula tinctoria subsp. tinctoria
Dactylorhiza fuchsii
Helleborus odorus
Cruciata glabra
Festuca gigantea
Other species
Rubus idaeus
Potentilla recta
Salix eleagnos
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13 Pr.
Fr.
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
+
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
4
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
38
31
23
15
15
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
E1
E1
E1
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
+
.
+
.
+
.
+
+
1
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
2
2
31
15
15
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
+
+
.
+
.
.
.
.
+
+
.
+
.
.
+
.
+
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
5
2
2
2
1
38
15
15
15
8
E2
E1
E1
2
.
.
1
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
.
.
.
+
.
.
.
2
1
.
+
.
.
1
.
.
.
.
.
7
2
1
54
15
8
A Limestone
Re Rendzina
Locality:
11 – Matajur
12 – Punta Lausciovizza – Lanževica
13 – M. Fara (Montereale Valcellina)
14 – M. Cuarnan – Mali Karman
15 – M. Cadin
16 – M. Cuarnan – Mali Karman
17 – M. Cuarnan – Mali Karman
18 – M. Cadin – Plan di Tapou – Tam za Topolom
19 – M. Cadin
10 – Matajur
11 – Matajur
12 – Cima di Campo
13 – M. Cadin
76
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
Table 5: Synoptyc table of the tall herb and fringe communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler or Grafia
­golaka in NE Italy and Slovenia.
Tabela 5: Sintezna tabela združb visokih steblik in gozdnih robov z dominantnima vrstama Laserpitium siler ali
Grafia golaka v severovzhodni Italiji in Sloveniji.
77
Ls
7
10
ShGg
6
10
GgLs
5
13
CJLSLP
4
8
CJLSaa
3
26
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
84
55
52
32
32
29
23
16
10
3
3
100
33
50
50
50
33
33
17
8
8
.
85
88
15
38
23
62
.
4
.
.
.
.
25
25
38
.
25
.
13
.
.
.
15
.
15
23
15
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
20
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
97
94
90
87
77
74
65
65
61
45
42
39
39
32
29
29
29
29
26
19
16
16
13
13
13
13
13
10
6
6
6
100
58
58
75
75
83
33
75
67
67
42
50
17
8
17
33
33
8
25
.
8
33
25
8
8
.
.
33
17
.
.
96
81
42
81
27
8
.
62
46
19
.
.
77
8
.
4
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
100
63
75
100
100
38
38
38
.
.
13
50
13
.
25
25
13
.
63
13
.
.
13
25
.
.
.
13
.
.
.
31
15
15
8
8
.
8
.
.
15
.
23
.
.
.
.
15
.
31
.
.
.
.
.
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
100
80
70
.
.
.
.
90
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
60
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
30
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Sign for the syntaxa (Oznaka sintaksonov)
CA Caricion austroalpinae
Centaurea haynaldii subsp. julica
Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra
Festuca calva
Laserpitium peucedanoides
Scorzonera rosea
Allium ericetorum
Asperula aristata
Linum julicum
Pedicularis elongata subsp. julica
Heracleum austriacum subsp. siifolium
Gentiana lutea subsp. vardjanii
ES Elyno-Seslerietea
Betonica alopecuros
Sesleria caerulea subsp. calcaria
Carduus crassifolius
Helianthemum nummularium subsp. grandiflorum
Scabiosa lucida subsp. stricta (inc. subsp. lucida)
Serratula tinctoria subsp. macrocephala
Carex sempervirens
Phyteuma orbiculare
Campanula witasekiana
Phleum hirsutum
Pulsatilla alpina subsp. austroalpina
Leucanthemum adustum (inc. L. heterophyllum)
Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus
Cerastium strictum
Acinos alpinus
Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. alpestris
Galium anisophyllum
Ranunculus montanus
Rhinanthus aristatus
Globularia cordifolia
Astrantia bavarica
Hieracium villosum
Polygonum viviparum
Thesium alpinum
Pimpinella alpina
Potentilla crantzii
Gentiana verna
Campanula thyrsoides (inc. subsp. carniolica)
Bartsia alpina
Polygala alpestris
Achillea clavenae
2
12
CJLS2
1
31
CJLS1
Successive number (Zaporedna številka)
Number of relevés (Število popisov)
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
FB
Successive number
Crepis alpestris
Gentianella anisodonta
Orobanche reticulata
Astragalus penduliflorus
Carex ferruginea
Anemone narcissiflora
Senecio abrotanifolius
Alchemilla fissa
Androsace villosa
Aster alpinus
Carex mucronata
Gentiana clusii
Globularia nudicaulis
Hieracium pilosum
Myosotis alpestris
Oxytropis neglecta
Thesium pyrenaicum
Carduus defloratus
Crepis bocconi
Pedicularis elongata
Helianthemum alpestre
Ranunculus hybridus
Senecio doronicum
Sesleria juncifolia subsp. kalnikensis
Festuco-Brometea
Buphthalmum salicifolium
Bromopsis transsilvanica
Carex humilis
Koeleria pyramidata s. lat. (inc. K. eryostachia)
Gymnadenia conopsea
Prunella grandiflora
Cirsium erisithales
Carlina acaulis s. lat.
Linum viscosum
Dianthus monspessulanus
Centaurea triumfettii
Campanula glomerata
Thlaspi praecox
Stachys recta agg. (inc. S. labiosa)
Hippocrepis comosa
Allium senescens
Briza media
Galium lucidum
Arabis hirsuta
Allium carinatum subsp. pulchellum
Teucrium chamaedrys
Cuscuta epithymum
Euphorbia cyparissias
Helictotrichon praeustum
Orobanche gracilis
Brachypodium rupestre
78
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
1
6
6
6
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
33
33
25
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
8
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
23
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
13
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
38
13
13
13
.
5
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
6
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
94
90
90
77
74
74
71
55
55
52
48
35
32
29
23
19
19
19
13
10
10
6
6
6
6
3
83
83
42
58
50
50
75
83
33
50
50
50
8
8
8
.
42
17
.
8
8
.
8
25
.
50
62
96
96
42
19
50
38
77
96
38
19
69
.
19
4
.
27
4
.
62
31
.
58
.
.
96
50
63
75
50
25
88
50
13
13
.
13
.
.
13
.
.
13
13
.
.
13
.
.
.
.
25
54
15
.
15
8
.
46
23
.
31
23
15
.
8
.
.
23
.
.
.
.
.
8
8
.
46
50
.
10
50
10
.
50
10
.
10
90
50
.
50
10
.
40
100
10
.
30
.
40
.
.
90
90
.
10
60
60
.
30
60
.
.
20
.
.
30
30
.
40
50
.
.
20
.
10
.
.
10
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
Successive number
Trifolium montanum
Plantago media
Peucedanum oreoselinum
Thymus pulegioides
Sanguisorba minor
Dactylorhiza sambucina
Salvia pratensis
Pimpinella saxifraga
Polygala comosa
Teucrium montanum
Carlina vulgaris
Cirsium pannonicum
Inula hirta
Galium verum
Allium carinatum subsp. carinatum
Iris sibirica subsp. erirrhiza
Helianthemum nummularium subsp. obscurum
Veronica teucrium
Hypochoeris maculata
Cirsium x linkianum
Silene vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Asperula cynanchica
Veronica barrelieri (Pseudolysimachion barrelieri)
Asphodelus albus
Veronica jacquinii
Galium purpureum
Euphorbia verrucosa
Centaurea bracteata
Phleum phleoides
Festuca rupicola
Carex caryophillea
Bromopsis erecta
Bupleurum ranunculoides subsp. caricinum
Scabiosa columbaria
Centaurea scabiosa (inc. subsp. fritschii)
Campanula rotundifolia
Ranunculus polyanthemophyllus
Scabiosa hladnikiana
Centaurea pannonica
Euphrasia stricta
Dorycnium germanicum
Linum catharticum
Orchis tridentata
Muscari comosum
Filipendula vulgaris
Thymus praecox s. str.
Anthyllis vulneraria
Ranunculus bulbosus
Thymus longicaulis
Genista tinctoria
Erysimum odoratum
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
79
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
25
17
17
8
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
25
25
25
25
25
17
17
8
8
8
8
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
42
12
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
27
58
.
.
.
.
.
35
23
4
.
.
100
27
12
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
13
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
25
13
.
.
.
.
.
.
25
.
.
.
13
.
50
38
25
25
13
13
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
15
.
23
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
.
23
15
.
.
8
.
8
.
.
.
8
.
.
.
8
.
.
.
8
.
38
8
8
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6
.
.
20
.
.
.
30
30
.
.
.
.
.
20
10
.
10
.
.
.
60
60
.
.
40
.
90
.
.
20
.
50
.
.
10
.
.
80
40
20
10
10
10
10
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7
60
50
50
.
10
.
50
20
80
.
.
80
.
50
.
.
90
.
10
.
10
70
.
.
20
.
40
.
.
80
.
90
.
.
40
.
.
40
.
.
.
30
.
.
40
40
40
20
30
10
10
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
Successive number
Anacamptis pyramidalis
Orchis ustulata
Scabiosa triandra
Scorzonera austriaca
Gentiana cruciata
TG Trifolio-Geranietea
Laserpitium siler
Laserpitium latifolium (subsp. asperum)
Thalictrum minus
Lilium carniolicum
Polygonatum odoratum
Silene nutans
Iris graminea
Arabis pauciflora
Tanacetum corymbosum agg. (T. clusii ?)
Vicia sylvatica
Anthericum ramosum
Libanotis sibirica subsp. montana
Valeriana collina (V. wallrothii)
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria
Verbascum lanatum
Clinopodium vulgare
Trifolium rubens
Origanum vulgare
Orobanche laserpitii-sileris
Achillea distans
Viola hirta
Thesium bavarum
Digitalis grandiflora
Hypericum perforatum
Agrimonia eupatoria
Geranium sanguineum
Verbascum lychnitis
Trifolium medium
Campanula rapunculoides
Hypericum hirsutum
Inula spiraeifolia
Libanotis daucifolia
Tephroseris longifolia
Verbascum austriacum
Lilium bulbiferum
Vicia cassubica
Lembotropis nigricans
Verbascum nigrum
Coronilla coronata
Trifolium alpestre
Dianthus croaticus
Melampyrum nemorosum
Centaurea stenolepis
PoT Poo alpinae-Trisetalia
Festuca nigrescens
80
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
1
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
5
.
.
.
.
.
6
.
.
.
.
.
7
10
10
20
10
10
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
100
68
68
61
55
48
45
42
29
29
26
26
23
23
19
16
16
10
10
6
6
3
3
3
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
92
83
58
42
33
17
50
92
67
25
8
67
8
8
25
.
58
17
.
33
.
25
17
8
.
25
17
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
50
100
81
62
73
42
96
58
69
54
42
4
35
65
58
35
85
8
.
88
12
77
15
8
.
65
.
4
19
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100
63
38
.
50
25
.
.
.
.
.
.
63
25
.
25
.
13
.
.
13
13
13
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
46
8
38
.
23
8
15
.
.
8
31
31
8
54
8
8
15
.
.
15
.
8
8
8
.
.
.
8
.
.
8
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
50
50
70
.
60
40
20
.
.
.
90
.
20
90
.
10
.
20
.
.
.
60
10
.
.
50
.
.
.
10
.
.
20
20
50
50
40
20
10
10
.
.
.
100
60
.
.
30
60
.
.
40
.
30
.
20
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
20
50
.
40
.
50
.
.
.
20
.
.
30
20
.
.
.
.
.
.
70
10
10
E1
58
67
77
13
15
.
.
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
Successive number
Astrantia major
Traunsteinera globosa
Trollius europaeus
Pimpinella major subsp. rubra
Ranunculus nemorosus
Anthoxanthum odoratum
Crocus albiflorus
Campanula scheuchzeri
Poa alpina
Polygonum bistorta
Agrostis capillaris
Cerastium fontanum
Dactylorhiza majalis
MA Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
Lotus corniculatus s. lat.
Galium album (inc. G. mollugo)
Dactylis glomerata s.str.
Leontodon hispidus subsp. hispidus
Trifolium pratense
Lathyrus pratensis
Vicia sepium
Veronica chamaedrys
Achillea millefolium agg.
Angelica sylvestris
Achillea roseoalba
Tragopogon pratensis subsp. orientalis
Vicia cracca
Orobanche minor
Festuca rubra
Rumex acetosa
Deschampsia cespitosa
Stellaria graminea
Leucanthemum praecox et L. ircutianum
Prunella vulgaris
Trisetum flavescens
Arrhenatherum elatius
Poa pratensis
Geranium phaeum
Centaurea jacea
Plantago lanceolata
Ranunculus acris
Colchicum autumnale
Taraxacum officinale agg.
Trifolium campestre
Helictotrichon pubescens
Veronica serpyllifolia
CU Calluno-Ulicetea
Phyteuma zahlbruckneri
Carex pallescens
Luzula multiflora
Potentilla erecta
81
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
1
39
39
32
23
13
13
13
13
3
3
.
.
.
2
17
25
75
33
58
58
25
.
.
.
17
.
.
3
.
31
4
.
54
50
15
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
13
25
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
8
8
38
.
15
.
.
38
.
.
38
8
.
6
10
.
.
.
40
.
.
.
.
.
10
.
.
7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
20
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
45
35
32
23
13
10
6
3
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
50
58
50
17
17
42
8
8
.
17
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
81
81
27
12
4
12
.
.
.
.
.
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
38
.
.
.
25
25
.
13
13
.
.
.
13
13
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15
23
8
15
23
.
.
.
31
.
8
8
.
8
8
8
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
60
20
20
20
.
60
.
30
10
.
.
.
.
.
100
20
.
.
30
20
20
20
10
10
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
60
20
30
30
20
50
10
.
20
.
.
10
.
.
60
10
.
10
10
60
10
.
.
.
40
30
20
20
10
10
10
10
E1
E1
E1
E1
19
3
3
.
.
.
8
33
50
.
.
77
25
.
.
13
8
.
.
15
.
.
.
70
.
.
.
70
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
Successive number
Arnica montana
Carex pilulifera
Galium pumilum
Calluna vulgaris
Genista germanica
Coeloglossum viride
Danthonia decumbens
MuA Mulgedio-Aconitetea
Silene vulgaris subsp. antelopum
Lathyrus occidentalis var. montanus (inc. L. laevigatus)
Aconitum lycoctonum s. lat.
Hypericum maculatum
Polygonatum verticillatum
Veratrum album s. lat.
Pleurospermum austriacum
Rumex arifolius
Salix appendiculata
Geranium sylvaticum
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. montanum (inc. subsp. elegans)
Allium victorialis
Centaurea montana
Aconitum angustifolium (inc. A. tauricum)
Chaerophyllum villarsii
Eryngium alpinum
Myrrhis odorata
Senecio ovatus
Sorbus chamaemespilus
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium
Urtica dioica
Carduus carduelis
Crepis pyrenaica
Poa hybrida
Silene dioica
Aconitum degenii subsp. paniculatum
Geum rivale
Ranunculus platanifolius
Pedicularis hacquetii
Chaerophyllum aureum
Grafia golaka
Molopospermum peloponnesiacum subsp. bauhinii
Alchemilla xanthochlora
Rumex alpinus
Salix glabra
Stemmacantha rhapontica
Dactylis glomerata subsp. slovenica
Cirsium waldsteinii
SCF Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae
Gentiana utriculosa
Parnassia palustris
Pinguicula alpina
82
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
8
8
.
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
35
4
4
4
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
6
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E2
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E2
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
58
32
29
23
19
19
13
13
13
10
10
6
6
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
42
42
17
58
33
42
42
50
.
.
33
8
.
8
17
8
17
17
8
25
.
25
17
17
17
8
8
8
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
19
4
27
12
4
65
.
.
.
12
.
.
.
.
.
.
23
.
8
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
75
13
.
13
.
.
.
13
.
.
38
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
54
23
23
62
8
8
8
.
23
.
.
15
.
.
.
15
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
8
.
.
100
31
8
8
8
8
8
.
.
.
10
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100
.
.
.
.
.
.
30
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
30
.
.
.
.
.
.
30
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
E1
E1
E1
3
3
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
30
.
.
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
TR
AT
EP
Successive number
Thlaspietea rotundifolii
Ligusticum seguieri
Biscutella laevigata
Viola pyrenaica
Adenostyles glabra
Rumex scutatus
Astrantia carniolica
Petasites paradoxus
Leontodon hispidus subsp. hyoseroides
Silene vulgaris subsp. glareosa
Euphorbia triflora subsp. kerneri
Asplenietea trichomanis
Primula auricula
Saxifraga hostii
Saxifraga crustata
Dianthus sylvestris
Iris pallida subsp. cengialti
Sedum album
Sedum maximum
Asplenium ruta-muraria
Silene hayekiana
Carex brachystachys
Festuca stenantha
Rhamnus pumilus
Asplenium trichomanes
Sempervivum tectorum
Athamantha turbith
Campanula spicata
Valeriana saxatilis
Hieracium glaucum
Erico-Pinetea
Chamaecytisus hirsutus s. lat.
Genista radiata
Calamagrostis varia
Erica carnea
Peucedanum austriacum subsp. rablense
Carex ornithopoda
Aquilegia nigricans (inc. A. vulgaris)
Rubus saxatilis
Polygala chamaebuxus
Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea
Leontodon incanus
Cotoneaster tomentosus
Juniperus sibirica
Pinus mugo
Chamaecytisus purpureus
Daphne cneorum
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Knautia ressmannii
Carex alba
83
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
32
19
16
6
6
3
3
3
3
.
25
.
8
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
62
23
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
25
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13
.
.
.
8
.
8
8
.
.
.
.
40
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
19
16
10
6
6
6
6
6
3
3
3
3
3
.
.
.
.
.
25
8
8
8
8
.
8
8
8
.
.
.
.
8
.
.
.
.
12
.
.
.
.
.
12
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
13
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
.
.
.
.
50
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E2
E2
E2
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
71
68
61
26
42
10
10
6
6
3
3
3
3
3
.
.
.
.
.
50
25
17
25
25
8
.
17
17
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
54
.
4
62
4
23
.
12
4
19
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
63
88
63
75
.
.
13
13
50
.
.
.
.
38
25
13
13
.
.
8
38
8
8
.
.
38
.
15
.
.
.
.
15
.
.
.
8
80
.
100
100
.
.
20
20
60
50
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
.
.
20
.
.
30
.
10
20
70
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
VP
EC
AF
FS
Successive number
Genista januensis
Vaccinio-Piceetea
Picea abies
Aposeris foetida
Calamagrostis arundinacea
Luzula luzuloides
Rosa pendulina
Solidago virgaurea
Clematis alpina
Vaccinium myrtillus
Veronica urticifolia
Maianthemum bifolium
Larix decidua
Gentiana asclepiadea
Hieracium sylvaticum
Homogyne sylvestris
Valeriana tripteris
Erythronio-Carpinion
Ornithogalum pyrenaicum
Primula vulgaris
Galanthus nivalis
Helleborus odorus
Aremonio-Fagion
Knautia drymeia
Cyclamen purpurascens
Rhamnus fallax
Dentaria enneaphyllos
Anemone trifolia
Helleborus niger
Omphalodes verna
Hacquetia epipactis
Euphorbia carniolica
Fagetalia sylvaticae
Mercurialis perennis
Melica nutans
Symphytum tuberosum
Fagus sylvatica
Lilium martagon
Myosotis sylvatica
Luzula nivea
Euphorbia amygdaloides
Galium laevigatum
Lathyrus vernus
Poa nemoralis
Salvia glutinosa
Scrophularia nodosa
Tilia cordata
Acer pseudoplatanus
Hesperis candida
Campanula trachelium
Lonicera alpigena
84
E1
1
.
2
.
3
.
4
.
5
.
6
.
7
10
E2
E1
E1
E1
E2
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
32
23
6
3
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17
58
25
17
8
17
8
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
38
88
27
31
.
.
.
15
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13
.
.
.
.
.
13
.
.
.
.
.
.
31
23
15
.
.
.
.
.
.
31
.
.
.
.
30
.
.
40
10
.
.
.
.
.
.
20
20
10
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
.
.
E1
E1
E1
E1
39
16
3
.
25
8
8
25
19
27
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15
.
40
.
10
.
40
.
.
E1
E1
E2
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
48
32
10
3
.
.
.
.
.
92
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
58
15
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13
.
.
13
.
.
.
.
62
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
70
100
.
.
.
20
20
20
20
40
20
.
10
.
.
.
.
.
E1
E1
E1
E2
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E2
E1
E1
E1
E2
71
19
16
10
10
10
6
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
.
.
75
.
.
.
33
17
.
.
8
.
.
.
.
.
8
.
8
8
58
.
58
15
23
.
.
.
31
8
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
50
.
.
.
.
.
25
.
13
.
13
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
31
.
8
.
38
.
.
.
.
15
.
.
.
.
8
.
.
.
10
.
.
10
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
.
.
10
10
.
.
20
.
.
.
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
Successive number
Prenanthes purpurea
Melica nutans
Heracleum sphondylium subsp. sphondylium
Daphne mezereum
Festuca heterophylla
Neottia nidus-avis
Luzula nivea
Fraxinus excelsior
Galeobdolon flavidum
Laburnum alpinum
Phyteuma spicatum
Epipactis helleborine
Galeobdolon montanum
Ranunculus lanuginosus
Euphorbia dulcis
QP Quercetalia pubescentis
Peucedanum schottii var. schottii
Convallaria majalis
Primula veris subsp. columnae
Carex flacca
Sorbus aria
Melittis melissophyllum
Ostrya carpinifolia
Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa
Peucedanum schottii var. petraeum
Fraxinus ornus
Hypericum montanum
Arabis turrita
Mercurialis ovata
Clematis recta
Campanula persicifolia
Acer obtusatum
Tamus communis
Quercus pubescens
QF Querco-Fagetea
Anemone nemorosa
Carex digitata
Listera ovata
Corylus avellana
Cruciata glabra
Dactylorhiza fuchsii
Veratrum nigrum
Cephalanthera longifolia
Carex montana
Chamaecytisus supinus
Populus tremula
Platanthera bifolia
Crategus monogyna
Viola riviniana
Serratula tinctoria subsp. tinctoria
Festuca gigantea
85
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
12
4
4
4
4
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
.
8
23
8
.
.
15
8
8
8
.
.
.
.
.
6
10
60
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
10
10
.
.
7
.
.
.
.
40
.
.
.
.
.
20
.
.
10
10
E1
E1
E1
E1
E2
E1
E2
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
42
13
13
10
10
6
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
25
17
25
8
17
25
.
17
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
85
65
92
58
46
81
15
12
.
11
8
4
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13
.
38
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15
31
.
15
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100
.
30
.
30
.
.
.
10
.
.
100
10
10
.
.
.
.
10
.
70
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
40
30
20
20
10
10
E1
E1
E1
E2
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
16
16
13
3
3
3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
17
8
17
25
8
25
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
27
15
8
8
.
27
.
42
38
4
4
4
4
4
.
.
.
13
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15
15
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
38
8
20
40
.
.
30
.
.
.
30
.
.
.
.
.
20
.
20
50
.
.
50
.
.
.
70
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
Successive number
Betonica officinalis
Hepatica nobilis
Melampyrum pratense
Euphorbia angulata
RP Rhamno-Prunetea
Rosa glauca
Rosa canina
Rhamnus catharticus
Rubus fruticosus
O
Other species
Rubus idaeus
Juniperus communis
Fragaria vesca
Hieracium sp.
Poa sp.
SM Myosotis arvensis
Sorbus aucuparia
Potentilla recta
Salix eleagnos
Orobanche sp.
M Mosses
Tortella tortuosa
Schistidium apocarpum
Fissidens dubius
Polytrichum formosum
E1
E1
E1
E1
1
.
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
3
.
.
.
.
4
.
.
.
.
5
.
.
.
.
6
50
40
.
.
7
50
.
10
10
E2
E1
E2a
E2
3
3
.
.
.
.
8
.
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
E2
E2
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
10
6
3
3
3
3
.
.
.
.
.
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
19
.
15
.
.
.
8
.
.
.
.
.
13
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
54
.
.
.
.
.
.
15
8
.
.
.
80
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
E0
E0
E0
E0
10
3
.
.
17
8
8
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1: Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris ass. nov. hoc loco typicum – the Julian Alps, Slovenia
2: Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris ass. nov. hoc loco typicum var. Brachypodium rupestre – the Julian Alps,
Slovenia
3: Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris ass. nov. hoc loco asphodeletosum albi subass. nov. hoc loco – the Julian Alps,
Slovenia (Dakskobler et al. 2007, table 1, rel. 8-33)
4: Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris ass. nov. hoc loco var. geogr. Pedicularis elongata, W Julian Alps, the Carnic
Alps, NE Italy
5: Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae ass. nov. hoc loco, the Julian Prealps, NE Italy
6: Scabioso hladnikianae-Grafietum golakae Čarni 2007 – central Slovenia – Polhograjsko hribovje (Čarni 2007, Table 1)
7: Laserpitietum sileris Springer 1987 var. geogr. Dianthus croaticus – southeastern Slovenia – Gorjanci (Čarni et al.
2005, Tab. 1, rel. 47–56)
86
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
Table 6: Phytosociological groups in the tall herb and fringe communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler or
Grafia golaka in NE Italy and Slovenia (relative frequencies).
Tabela 6: Fitocenološke skupine v združbah visokih steblik in gozdnih robov z dominantnima vrstama Laserpitium
siler ali Grafia golaka v severovzhodni Italiji in Sloveniji (relativne frekvence).
Successive number (Zaporedna številka)
Number of relevés (Število popisov)
Sign for the syntaxa (Oznaka sintakosnov)
Caricion austroalpinae
Elyno-Seslerietea
Festuco-Brometea
Trifolio-Geranietea
Poo alpinae-Trisetalia
Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
Calluno-Ulicetea
Mulgedio-Aconitetea
Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae
Thlaspietea rotundifolii
Asplenietea trichomanis
Erico-Pinetea
Vaccinio-Piceetea
Erythronio-Carpinion
Aremonio-Fagion
Fagetalia sylvaticae
Quercetalia pubescentis
Querco-Fagetea
Rhamno-Prunetea
Other species (Druge vrste)
Mosses (Mahovi)
Total (Skupaj)
1
31
CJLS1
6.49
24.10
20.22
14.04
4.76
3.28
0.49
5.33
0.19
1.79
1.79
6.10
1.30
1.11
1.79
3.28
1.86
1.05
0.12
0.56
0.25
100
2
12
CJLS2
6.41
19.50
19.50
14.80
6.27
4.60
0.97
9.60
0.00
0.70
1.53
3.20
2.65
1.11
1.53
2.65
2.37
1.81
0.14
0.14
0.55
100
3
26
CJLSaa
5.30
9.87
22.75
22.04
3.05
3.79
3.77
3.06
0.00
1.43
0.47
3.06
3.55
0.77
1.23
3.86
8.03
3.12
0.13
0.71
0.00
100
4
8
CJLSLP
3.72
26.81
22.73
13.02
1.51
4.13
1.12
4.87
0.00
1.12
0.77
13.40
0.77
0.00
0.77
2.98
1.51
0.38
0.00
0.38
0.00
100
5
13
GgLs
2.56
6.97
19.49
13.72
6.33
6.14
1.17
16.06
0.00
0.90
0.00
5.20
3.77
0.57
2.34
6.71
2.30
2.86
0.00
2.90
0.00
100
6
10
ShGg
0.41
6.91
27.03
17.68
1.22
9.15
1.42
2.85
0.00
0.81
0.20
8.74
2.64
1.02
5.08
2.64
5.89
4.67
0.00
1.63
0.00
100
7
10
Ls
0.00
2.37
41.23
15.64
0.47
13.27
1.66
1.42
0.71
0.00
1.42
4.03
0.24
0.95
1.66
3.32
4.98
6.16
0.24
0.24
0.00
100
1: Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris ass. nov. hoc loco typicum – the Julian Alps, Slovenia
2: Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris ass. nov. hoc loco typicum var. Brachypodium rupestre – the Julian Alps,
Slovenia
3: Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris ass. nov. hoc loco asphodeletosum albi subass. nov. hoc loco – the Julian Alps,
Slovenia (Dakskobler et al. 2007, table 1, rel. 8-33)
4: Centaureo julici-Laserpitietum sileris ass. nov. hoc loco var. geogr. Pedicularis elongata, W Julian Alps, the Carnic
Alps, NE Italy
5: Laserpitio sileri-Grafietum golakae ass. nov. hoc loco, the Julian Prealps, NE Italy
6: Scabioso hladnikianae-Grafietum golakae Čarni 2007 – central Slovenia – Polhograjsko hribovje (Čarni 2007, Table 1)
7: Laserpitietum sileris Springer 1987 var. geogr. Dianthus croaticus – southeastern Slovenia – Gorjanci (Čarni et al.
2005, Tab. 1, rel. 47–56)
87
Hacquetia 11/1 • 2012, 47–89
Table 7: Two stands with Grafia golaka on its classical locality under the Mt. Golaki (the Trnovski gozd plateau,
W Slovenia).
Tabela 7: Dva sestoja z vrsto Grafia golaka na njenem klasičnem nahajališču pod Golaki (Trnovski gozd, zahodna
Slovenija).
MuA
TG
ES
CA
FB
EP
AF
FS
Number of relevé
Working number of relevé
Altitude in m
Aspect
Slope in degrees
Parent material
Soil
Stoniness in %
Cover of tree layer in %
Cover of shrub layer in %
Cover of herb layer in %
Number of species
Relevé area
Date of taking relevé
Locality
Quadrant
Coordinate Y (Gauß-Krüger, D 48)
Coordinate X (Gauß-Krüger, D 48)
Mulgedio-Aconitetea
Grafia golaka
Salix appendiculata
Salix appendiculata
Geranium sylvaticum
Thalictrum aquilegiifolium
Trifolio-Geranietea
Laserpitium latifolium
Elyno-Seslerietea
Betonica alopecuros
Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra
Scabiosa lucida subsp. stricta
Festuco-Brometea
Buphthalmum salicifolium
Cirsium erisithales
Carlina acaulis
Erico-Pinetea
Calamagrostis varia
Rubus saxatilis
Rhododendron hirsutum
Erica carnea
Aremonio-Fagion
Cyclamen purpurascens
Omphalodes verna
Knautia drymeia
Fagetalia sylvaticae
Symphytum tuberosum
Acer pseudoplatanus
Acer pseudoplatanus
Acer pseudoplatanus
Actaea spicata
E3
E2
E1
m2
m
m
1
2
241068
241069
1390
1400
SW
SSE
30
30
A
A
Li
Li
90
50
5
.
40
.
20
50
33
22
200
100
6/21/2011
6/21/2011
Veliki Golak Veliki Golak
0049/1
0049/1
413255
413174
5093056
5093092
Pr.
E1
E2b
E2a
E1
E1
2
3
1
+
.
4
.
+
+
+
Pr.
2
1
2
2
1
E1
+
2
2
E1
E1
E1
+
+
+
+
.
.
2
1
1
E1
E1
E1
+
+
.
1
+
+
2
2
1
E1
E1
E2a
E1
+
+
3
+
1
+
.
.
2
2
1
1
E1
E1
E1
+
+
.
+
.
1
2
1
1
E1
E2a
E2b
E1
E1
+
+
+
.
+
+
.
.
+
.
2
1
1
1
1
88
I. Dakskobler & L. Poldini: Two new tall herb communities with the dominant Laserpitium siler and Grafia golaka …
QP
QF
VP
TR
AT
M
Number of relevé
Fagus sylvatica
Lonicera alpigena
Tilia platyphyllos
Viola reichenbachiana
Dryopteris filix-mas
Lilium martagon
Melica nutans
Phyteuma spicatum subsp. coeruleum
Quercetalia pubescentis
Melittis melissophyllum
Querco-Fagetea
Anemone nemorosa
Vaccinio-Piceetea
Rosa pendulina
Gentiana asclepiadea
Picea abies
Thlaspietea rotundifolii
Adenostyles glabra
Hieracium bifidum
Asplenieta trichomanis
Paederota lutea
Asplenium ruta-muraria
Mosses
Ctenidium molluscum
Tortella tortuosa
E2a
E2a
E3
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
1
+
+
r
+
r
.
.
.
2
.
.
.
.
.
+
+
+
Pr.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
E1
+
+
2
E1
.
1
1
E2a
E1
E3
1
+
+
.
.
.
1
1
1
E1
E1
1
r
+
.
2
1
E1
E1
1
+
1
.
2
1
E0
E0
+
+
.
.
1
1
A Limestone
Li Lithosol
89