Vegetable Crops – PLSC 451/551
Lesson 8, Worldwide Production Systems
Instructor:
Stephen L. Love
Aberdeen R & E Center
1693 S 2700W
Aberdeen, ID 83210
Phone: 397-4181 Fax: 397-4311
Email: [email protected]
Production System Categories
Modern Intensive Production
Common to developed countries
Market Garden/Organic Production
Common worldwide (Org. US and Europe)
Contemporary Subsistence Production
Common to 3rd world countries
Modern Intensive Production
Objective:
Produce
vegetable
t bl
crops for
sale and
profit
1
Modern Intensive Production
Located in
developed,
politically
stable
countries
Modern Intensive Production
Percent corruption – related to stability and
amount of intensive agriculture
Modern Intensive Production
Located where
production
and market
conditions are
optimized.
2
Modern Intensive Production
Farms
centered in
rural locales
Modern Intensive Production
Requires
large,
contiguous
g
acreage
Modern Intensive Production
Managed as
a rotational
monoculture
3
Modern Intensive Production
Low species density (plantains)
Modern Intensive Production
Producers
specialize in
one or a few
crops
Modern Intensive Production
Cropping
practices –
Aimed at
production
efficiency
and
profitability
(scale)
4
Modern Intensive Production
Cropping
practices –
Highly
g y
mechanized
(soil prep,
planting,
cultivation,
harvesting,
handling)
Modern Intensive Production
Cropping
practices –
Minimal
hired labor
Modern Intensive Production
Cropping
practices –
Employ
p y
modern
technology
and
researchbased
methods
5
Modern Intensive Production
Cropping
practices –
Incorporates
p
the routine
use of
fertilizers
and
pesticides
Modern Intensive Production
Cropping
practices –
Harvest is
short-term
and
scheduled to
maximize
yield and
quality
Modern Intensive Production
Cropping
practices –
Short and
long-term
storage
common
6
Modern Intensive Production
Heavily
dependent
on longdistance
tranport
Modern Intensive Production
Usually
massmarketed
through a
single
wholesale
buyer
Market Garden/Organic Production
Objective:
Produce
vegetable
t bl
crops for
profit,
supplement
personal
diet
7
Market Garden/Organic Production
Located throughout the world (dedicated organic
production is associated with developed countries)
Market Garden/Organic Production
Commonly
in suburban
locales with
easy access
to urban
markets
Market Garden/Organic Production
Requires
small to
moderate
amounts of
noncontiguous
acreage
8
Market Garden/Organic Production
Cropping
practices –
Aimed at
meeting
market
preferences
Market Garden/Organic Production
Production is small-scale
monoculture or limited
companion planting
Market Garden/Organic Production
Species
density is
moderate
Species
choice is
marketdriven
9
Market Garden/Organic Production
Management
is not crop
specific
Minimal
crop-based
efficiency
Market Garden/Organic Production
Cropping
practices –
Moderately
y
mechanized
– soil prep,
planting
Market Garden/Organic Production
Cropping
practices –
Moderate to
high labor
requirements
10
Market Garden/Organic Production
Cropping
practices –
Utilizes
traditional
(sustainable)
methods
Market Garden/Organic Production
Cropping
practices –
Technology
gy
levels range
from very
low to high
Market Garden/Organic Production
Cropping
practices –
Organic
g
production
involves use
of approved
fertilizer and
pesticide
products
11
Market Garden/Organic Production
Cropping
practices –
Harvest
timing is
market
driven and
continuous
over a set
season
Market Garden/Organic Production
Cropping
practices –
Typically
yp
y
involves
only shortterm, smallscale storage
Market Garden/Organic Production
Transportation
needed only
for market
delivery
12
Market Garden/Organic Production
Produce
marketed
through
many retail
and
wholesale
channels
Subsistence Production
Objective:
Produce vegetables for personal and family
consumption
Subsistence Production
Primarily adopted in developing and 3rd world
countries
13
Subsistence Production
Subsistence agriculture is related to poverty levels
Subsistence Production
Countries
high in
subsistence
agriculture
have high
rates of
hunger and
starvation
Subsistence Production
Family farm
in Peru
14
Subsistence Production
Dacha in
Russia
Subsistence Production
Family farm
in Africa
Subsistence Production
Located wherever
people live – urban and
rural
15
Subsistence Production
Utilizes land
resources
available
regardless of
size, shape,
suitability
Subsistence Production
Production
of mixed
crops, relay
planting,
companion
crops and
often
includes
animals
Subsistence Production
Very high
species
density
16
Subsistence Production
Methods not
specialized
by crop –
usually
suboptimal
for all crops
Subsistence Production
Cropping
practices –
Aimed at
providing a
continuous
supply of
food
Subsistence Production
Cropping
practices –
Vertical
farming
methods
employed
where land
is scarce
17
Subsistence Production
Cropping
practices –
High
g labor
requirements,
provided by
family,
including
children
Subsistence Production
Cropping
practices –
Little or no
advanced
technology
employed –
sometimes
animal
power
Subsistence Production
Cropping
practices –
Fertility
y
provided by
recycled
animal
waste
18
Subsistence Production
Cropping
practices –
Pesticides
used only if
available
and/or
affordable
Subsistence Production
Cropping
practices –
Harvest is
continuous
where the
growing
season
allows
Subsistence Production
Cropping
practices –
Limited
storage
capability –
ambient
conditions
(yam storage)
19
Subsistence Production
Cropping
practices –
Primitive
preservation
methods
used
(making
chuno)
Subsistence Production
Cropping
practices –
Primitive
preservation
methods
used
(cassava
flour for
bread)
Subsistence Production
Transportation
limited –
manually
powered and
public
transportation
sometimes
used
20
Additional Production Comparisons
Production Objectives:
Modern Intensive
Market Garden
Subsistence
Efficiency/Profit
Profit/
Personal
fulfillment/
Nutritional
supplement
Consistent
food supply/
Family
nutrition
Additional Production Comparisons
Regional Economic Impact:
Modern Intensive
Market Garden
Subsistence
Very high
Moderate to high
Low
Additional Production Comparisons
Reasons for Crop Choice:
Modern Intensive
Market Garden
Subsistence
Cultural preference/ Local market
Dependability/
Economic return
demand/
Tradition
Ethnic opportunity
21
Additional Production Comparisons
Input Costs:
Modern Intensive
Market Garden
Subsistence
Very high
High
Low
Additional Production Comparisons
Required Financial Assistance:
Modern Intensive
Market Garden
Subsistence
Long-term credit
Credit
Little or none
Additional Production Comparisons
Labor Characteristics:
Modern Intensive
Market Garden
Subsistence
Full-time/
Transient
Family/
Part-time/
Volunteers
Family/
Neighbors
22
Subsistence Production
Labor
associated
with
agricultural
development
Additional Production Comparisons
Labor Skills Required:
Modern Intensive
Market Garden
Subsistence
Agronomy/
Agri-business/
Marketing
Horticulture
Traditional
gardening
skills
Additional Production Comparisons
Space Utilization:
Modern Intensive
Market Garden
Subsistence
Continuous/
Intense/
Horizontal
Sporadic/
Horizontal
and vertical
Continuous/
Horizontal
and vertical
23