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26
Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Unit 5
Welding Symbols
Weld
size
A-2
After completing this unit, you will be able to:
❍ Identify the weld type indicated by the
standard symbols presented.
❍ Determine the correct weld size and side of
the joint based on the welding symbol.
❍ Sketch welding symbols representing
welds on an actual part.
Key Terms
American Welding Society (AWS)
arrow side
field weld
fixture
other side
reference line
weld symbol
welding symbol
working drawing
Some method had to be devised to tell the
welder what type of weld the engineer wanted
on the job. The art of welding reached the point
where more information was needed than
“heavy weld all joints.” The American Welding
Society (AWS) developed and standardized
the basic weld symbols shown in Figure 5-1.
A weld symbol shows the type of weld to be
produced, such as fillet, plug, or which type of
groove.
A complete welding symbol provides complete and specific welding information on the
working drawing of the part to be welded,
such as weld size and type of weld. A welding symbol is made up of basic and supplementary weld symbols placed on and around
a reference line. These different weld symbols
have been selected to describe the required
weld, Figure 5-2. Typical welding symbols are
shown in Figure 5-3.
Field weld
symbol
Weld-all-around
symbol
1
4
Actual size
Welding process
or specification
(often omitted)
Weld
symbol
Tail
(often omitted)
Reference
line
Figure 5-2. The welding symbol is made up of basic and supplementary weld symbols and gives complete and
specific welding information to the welder.
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Groove
Square
Fillet
Scarf
Plug
V
Slot
Bevel
Stud
Spot
or
projection
U
J
Seam
Back
or
backing
Flare-V
Surfacing
Flare-bevel
Edge
Figure 5-3. This drawing shows the use of welding symbols.
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How Welding Symbols Are Used
Figure 5-1. Weld symbols. These are part of the complete welding symbol.
AWS A2.4:2007, Figure 1, Weld Symbols, reproduced with permission from the American Welding Society, Miami, FL
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25
When using welding symbols to specify the
required weld, the location of the arrow in relation
to the joint is very important. When the weld is to
be made on the arrow side of the joint, the weld
symbol is placed below the reference line as shown
in Figure 5-4. A weld on the other side of the joint
(not the arrow side) is specified by placing the weld
symbol on top of the reference line, Figure 5-5.
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be reproduced or posted to a publicly accessible website.
This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
27
Unit 5 Welding Symbols
28
Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Desired weld
Desired weld
Figure 5-6. Symbol indicating size of weld.
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Desired weld
Fillet weld
all around symbol
Desired weld
Figure 5-4. Having the welding symbol below the
reference line indicates that the weld is to be made on
the arrow side of the joint.
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Symbol
Both sides fillet
welding symbol
Symbol
Arrow-side U-groove
welding symbol
Desired weld
Arrow-side plug
welding symbol
away from the shop. Typical welding symbols
and their meanings are shown in Figure 5-8 and
Figure 5-9. Study them carefully.
Arrow-side fillet
welding symbol
Symbol
Arrow-side V-groove
welding symbol
Figure 5-7. Field weld symbol.
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Weld size is indicated as shown in Figure 5-6.
The field weld symbol, Figure 5-7, means the
weld is to be made when the parts are assembled
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Desired weld
Shielded metal arc welding may be performed
in four common positions — flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead. However, welding symbols
do not indicate the welding position. The job,
part, or fixture will determine the position for
each weld. A fixture is a device for holding work
in position or alignment while it is being welded.
Learn the techniques for each welding position
as described in later units.
Desired weld
Figure 5-5. Having the welding symbol on top of the
reference line indicates that the weld is to be made on
the other side of the joint.
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Desired weld
Welding Positions
Figure 5-8. Typical welding symbols and their meanings.
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Desired weld
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This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
29
Unit 5 Welding Symbols
Both sides bevel-groove
welding symbol
2
2
Desired weld
2-4
2
Desired weld
of weld
•
Horizontal: 2
•
Vertical: 3
•
Overhead: 4, Figure 5-10.
Flat Position
1
Horizontal
Position
2
Two letters are used to describe the type of
weld: G for groove and F for fillet. For example,
a groove weld made in the horizontal position
would be designated 2G.
Vertical Position
3
Overhead
Position
4
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Figure 5-9. Typical welding symbols and their meanings.
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Desired weld
Arrow-side bevel-groove
welding symbol
Entire surface built up by
welding symbol
Figure 5-10. The four welding positions.
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Desired weld
4
4
Locate welds at
ends of joint
Desired weld
Desired weld
Shielded Metal Arc Welding
The positions are also described by a letter
and type of weld. They are as follows:
• Flat: 1
Length and pitch of increments
of welds
Size of surface built up by
welding symbol
Arrow-side square groove
welding symbol
30
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This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved.
31
Unit 5 Welding Symbols
Name ______________________________________ Date _____________ Class ____________
32
Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Notes
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Things to Do
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. Ask your instructor for a metal part that contains a number of welds. Make a sketch of the part
and show the correct welding symbol for each of the welds.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Design a metal part and make a drawing of each section that requires the use of weld symbols.
Indicate the symbols on your drawing.
3. Using cardboard and glue, make models that show the use of bead, fillet, and plug welds. Place
the correct weld symbol on each model with markers.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Problem 1: Draw the correct symbols for the following welds.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A.
B.
C.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Problem 2: Draw the correct weld as indicated by the symbol.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
J.
K.
L.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
M.
N.
O.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
P.
Q.
R.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
S.
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be reproduced or posted to a publicly accessible website.