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ISSN:2348-4969
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KAAV INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS,COMMERCE &
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT INTENSITY AEROBIC TRAINING
ON CARDIO RESPIRATORY ENDURANCE AND SPEED
AMONG SCHOOL BOYS
MOHAMMAD MUZAMIL SHAH
Ph.D Scholar, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences,
University Of Delhi, India
FAISAL SULEH HAYYAT
Ph.D Scholar, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences,
Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India.
SAQIB BASHIR
Ph.D Scholar, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences,
Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the present study was to find out the effect of different intensity aerobic training
on cardio respiratory endurance and speed among school boys. For the purpose of the study
forty five untrained school boys (n = 45) were randomly selected as subjects and their age was
ranged from 13 to 18 years. The selected subjects were further assigned into three equal groups
of fifteen subjects each (n = 15), they were called as experimental group I underwent medium
intensity aerobic training; experimental group II underwent high intensity aerobic training and
the third group was control group, that did not involve in any training programme while training
duration. The training was extended twelve weeks and three sessions per week. Cardio
respiratory endurance and Speed were selected as criterion variables and were measured by
using the standard test item of 1000 m run and 50m run test respectively. The data were
collected before and after the training duration and the collected data were analyzed by using
the statistical tool of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The Scheffe’s test was applied as a post
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hoc test to determine the paired mean difference if any. The result of the study revealed that the
both training groups such as medium and high intensity aerobic training groupswere produced
significant improvement on cardio vascular endurance and speed (p ≤ 0.05) as compared to the
control group. It was further concluded that there was a significant difference occurred among
the training groups on cardio respiratory endurance but in case of speed only high intensity
aerobic training group and control group shown significant difference. Hence aerobic training is
better for improve cardio respiratory endurance as well as speed among school boys.
Keywords: Medium intensity, high intensity, speed, cardio respiratory endurance.
INTRODUCTION
Conflicting results exist concerning the effect of increased physical activity (PA) levels on
cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children. On the one hand, it has been suggested that an
increase in daily PA cannot be expected to substantially alter children's peak oxygen uptake
(VO2peak) (Rowland, 1993). This view is mainly explained by the fact that children generally
have a relatively high initial level of both PA and CRF, and that their PA pattern is typically
sporadic and non-continuous, all of which may make it difficult to alter their CRF levels.
Hansen et al. (1991) performed a school intervention where 67 children received three extra
physical education (PE) lessons weekly for an 8-month period. A CRF test after 3 months
showed no difference between the intervention group and the control group. However, the
intervention group showed a significantly greater increase in VO2peak compared with the
control group after 8 months. Although these two studies have methodological weaknesses, they
raise the intriguing possibility that, to affect children's CRF levels with PA, a lengthy
intervention period is needed, and the PA needs to be frequent. Furthermore, a recent crosssectional study (Dencker et al., 2007) showed a positive relationship between directly measured
CRF and PA assessed objectively in children by accelerometers, suggesting that previous studies,
mostly using a subjective assessment of PA and indirect or field-based CRF tests, might have
failed to find a link because of methodological weaknesses.Schools provide an advantageous
setting in which to enhance levels of PA, and thereby possibly increase CRF. A large number of
school-based PA interventions are undertaken at present (van Sluijs et al., 2008). However, few
studies focus on CRF as the main outcome and most assess CRF indirectly. Given the
methodological limitations of previous studies of PA and CRF, the present study's aim was to
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examine the effects of a school-based intervention, involving 60 min of daily PA over 2 years on
VO2peak measured directly among 9-year-old children in two Norwegian rural towns.Aerobics
is a physical exercise combines rhythmic aerobic exercise with stretching and strength training
routines with the goal of improving all elements (flexibility, muscular strength and cardiovascular fitness) it is usually performed to music and may be practiced in a group setting led by
an instructor, although it can be done solo and without musical equipment with the goal of
preventing illness and promoting physical fitness, practitioners perform various routines
comprising a number of difference dance like exercise formal aerobics classes are divided into
different level of intensity and complexity. Aerobics classes may allow participants to select their
level of participation according to their fitness level. Physiologically the term aerobic means the
activities with oxygen gradual practice facilities oxygen and nutrients to the extremities and
heart. So that demands of the body are satisfied (Brown & Summerbell, 2009). Muscles
become stronger and more enduring whereas body becomes more agile and flexible by following
over loading principles in aerobic dance and combination of other aerobic activities leads to
favourable change in circular-respiratory system body composition and certain fitness factors.
Research reports also revealed that aerobics training has favourable influence on psychohormonal developments.
Methodology
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of different intensity aerobic training on
cardio respiratory endurance and speed among school boys. To achieve the purpose, 45 untrained
Boys were selected at random as subjects from different schools of District Pulwama Jammu &
Kashmir. The age group of the subjects ranged between 13-18 years. The chosen subjects were
randomly assigned into three equal groups of 15 each. Group-I underwent moderate aerobic
intensity training, group-II underwent high aerobic intensity training and group-III acted as
control group and they didn’t participate in any special training apart from their regular
activities. The two experimental groups underwent their respective training program for three
days per week for twelve weeks. The criterion variables were selected for the study as Speed and
Cardio respiratory endurance. Speed was measured by using 50m run test and 1000m run test for
cardio respiratory endurance. The data were collected before and after the training period. And
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the collected data were statistically analyzed by using ANCOVA. The ‘F’ value was found to be
significant for adjusted posttest mean, Scheffe’s test was used as a post hoc test to determine the
significant difference between the paired mean. The level of confidence were fixed as 0.05 levels
in all cases.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Table I
Analysis of Covariance on Cardio respiratory Endurance and Speed of Medium, High
Intensity Aerobic Training Groups and the Control Group
Variable Name
Group Name
Pre-test
Mean ± S.D
Post-test
Cardiorespiratory Mean ± S.D.
endurance
Adj.
Posttest Mean
Pre-test
Mean ± S.D
Post-test
Mean ± S.D.
Speed
Adj.
Posttest Mean
MIATG
HIATG
Control
Group
‘F’
Ratio
8.14 ± 0.32
8.42 ± 0.65
8.30 ± 0.73
0.85
7.69 ± 0.36
7.44 ± 0.47
8.22 ± 0.66
8.79*
7.78
7.36
8.21
16.49*
8.25 ± 0.89
8.53 ± 0.66
8.38 ± 0.83
0.45
7.95 ± 0.88
8.11 ± 0.56
8.31 ± 0.82
0.79
8.07
7.98
8.31
5.13*
*Significant F = (df 2, 42) (0.05) = 3.22; (P  0.05)
F = (df 2, 41) (0.05) = 3.23; (P  0.05)
The table I showed that the pretest mean values on cardio respiratory endurance for the
medium, high intensity aerobic training groups and the control group were 8.14, 8.42 and 8.30
respectively. The obtained ‘F’ ratio of 0.85 for pretest, which was lower than the required
table value 3.22 with df 2 and 42 at 0.05 level of confidence. The posttest mean values on cardio
respiratory endurance for the medium, high intensity aerobic training groups and the control
group were 7.69, 7.44 and 8.22 respectively. The obtained ‘F’ ratio of 8.79 for the post test,
which was higher than the required table value of 3.22. There was a significant difference in
posttest ‘F’ value on cardio respiratory endurance among the selected groups. The adjusted
posttest mean values of cardio respiratory endurance for the medium, high intensity aerobic
training groups and the control group were 7.78, 7.36 and 8.21 respectively. The obtained ‘F’
ratio of 16.49 for adjusted posttest, which was higher than the required table value of 3.23
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with df 2 and 41 for significance at the 0.05 level of confidence. Hence, the results of the study
showed that there was a significance difference exists between medium, high intensity aerobic
training groups and the control group on cardio respiratory endurance among the selected
subjects. Further to determine, which of the paired means has a significant improvement,
Scheffe’s test was applied as a post hoc test.
The pretest mean values on Speed for the medium, high intensity aerobic training groups
and the control group were 8.25, 8.53 and 8.38 respectively. The obtained ‘F’ ratio of 0.45 for
pretest, which was lower than the required table value 3.22 with df 2 and 42 at 0.05 level of
confidence. The posttest mean values on Speed for the medium, high intensity aerobic training
groups and the control group were 7.95, 8.11 and 8.31 respectively. The obtained ‘F’ ratio of
0.79 for the post test, which was lesser than the required table value of 3.22. The adjusted post
test mean values of Speedfor the medium, high intensity aerobic training groups and the control
group were 8.07, 7.98 and 8.31 respectively. The obtained ‘F’ ratio of 5.13 for adjusted post
test, which was higher than the required table value of 3.23 with df 2 and 41 for significance
at the 0.05 level of confidence. Hence, the results of the study showed that there was a
significance difference exists between medium, high intensity aerobic training groups and the
control group on Speedamong the selected subjects. Further to determine, which of the paired
means has a significant improvement, Scheffe’s test was applied as a post hoc test.
Table - II
Scheffe’s Test for the difference between the Adjusted Post-Test Mean of Cardio
respiratory Endurance and Speed
MIATG
HIATG
Control
Group
Mean
Difference
Confidence
Interval
Cardio respiratory Endurance
7.78
7.78
8.21
7.36
7.36
0.43*
0.42*
8.21
0.37
0.85*
Speed
8.07
8.07
8.31
7.98
7.98
0.24
0.09
8.31
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0.26
0.33*
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*Significant at 0.05 level of Confidence
Table II shows that, the adjusted post-test mean difference in cardio respiratory
endurance between medium and control, medium and high and high and control were 0.43, 0.42,
and 0.85. It was greater than the confidence interval value of 0.37. Hence, there was a significant
difference between the medium and control, medium and high and high and control groups on
cardio respiratory
endurance among
the
selected
subjects.
The adjusted
post-test
mean
difference in speed
between
medium
and
control,
medium and high
and
high
and
control were 0.24,
0.09 and 0.33. the
mean difference of
high
aerobic
training group and the control group of 0.33 which was greater than the confident interval value
of 0.26. It was conclude that the high intensity aerobic training group was produced significant
on speed among the selected subjects.The pre, post and adjusted posttest mean values of
medium, high intensity aerobic training groups and the control group on cardio respiratory
endurance and the speed were graphically represented in the figure 1 and 2.
Figure 1: The pre, post and adjusted post test mean values of experimental groups and the
control group on cardiorespiratory endurance
Figure 1: The pre, post and adjusted post-test mean values of experimental groups and the
control group on speed
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Discussion of findings
The result of the study revealed that the both training groups such as medium and high intensity
aerobic training groups were produced significant improvement on cardio vascular endurance
and speed (p ≤ 0.05) as compared to the control group.Regular aerobic exercise will produce
beneficial effects for any age group providing the exercise is specific and appropriate to the level
of fitness of the individual. Progressive exercise correctly performed will increase the level of
fitness and improve health. It will also create a sense of well -being, produce greater energy and
reduce the risk of developing many diseases. Exercise makes demands on the body systems over
and above normal every day activities and as result the systems adapt anatomically and
physiologically (Rosser, 2001).Hosiso (2013) study on Effects of Aerobic Exercise on
Improving Health Related Physical Fitness Components of Dilla University Sedentary Female
Community resulted that Moderate aerobic exercise has positive effect on improvement of health
related physical fitness components of sedentary female communities. The study of Rognmo et
al., (2004) concluded that High intensity aerobic interval exercise is superior to moderate
exercise for increasing VO2peak in stable CAD-patients. The study of Helgerud et al., (2007)
resulted that High–aerobic intensity endurance interval training is significantly more effective
than performing the same total work at either lactate threshold or at 70% HRmax, in improving
V˙ O2max. Chittibabu (2014) study on Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Aerobic
Power and Anaerobic Power of Male Handball Players revealed that high intensity interval
training for eight weeks resulted in improvement of aerobic power and anaerobic power of male
handball players.
CONCLUSION
The result of the study revealed that the different intensity aerobic training were produced
significant difference on cardio respiratory endurance between medium and control, medium and
high and high and control. It was further conclude that the cardio respiratory endurance was a
dependent variable for the training of medium and the high intensity aerobic training. In the case
of speed there was significant difference was shown only the high intensity aerobic training
group and the control group.Hence aerobic training is better for improve cardio respiratory
endurance as well as speed among school boys.
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