Chinmay Sridhar, Angel Weng, Benjamin Zhang
APUS, Buggé, Period 1
Chapter 7, Topic 2: Newburgh Conspiracy
Land Grants
Northwest Ordinance (1787)
Land Ordinance (1785)
Who
Who


Where
Made by Congress
under Articles of
Confederation
Ideas proposed by
Thomas Jefferson in
1784


North of
Ohio River
+ west of
PA
Land
acquired
from British

Passed by Congress
under Articles of
Confederation




Make profit from
land sales
Promote
expansion
Divide/organize
new lands
Set foundations
for new states

Territories north of
Ohio River
Why


Why
Where
Establish governments for new
territories
Prepare territories for statehood
What




Organized territories
into 6 square mile
sections
Sub-divided into 640
acre plots
Each section assigned
different purpose (ex.
#59- Town
Courthouse; #67farmland; etc)
Expensive- one lot
was $640; Over a
million acres sold to
Ohio Company for
less than 10 cents an
acre
What




Gave each area a
Congressionally-appointed
governor, secretary, and 3
judges
Once population reached
60,000, territory could apply for
statehood
Guaranteed residents basic
rights, including property, trial
by jury, and freedom of religion
No slavery north of Ohio River
What this means?...
The Land Ordinance along with the Northwest Ordinance helped create states west of the
Mississippi River, out of the land the US acquired from the Revolution. The Land Ordinance
divided up the land and the Northwest Ordinance set up guidelines that the new territories would
have to meet before they could become states. One of the biggest issues that the Northwest
Ordinance addressed was slavery. It clearly prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory, but it
did not affect slaves already living in the territory or stop some slave holders from bringing
slaves over.
APUS RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
Pro-Separation: No Separation: -Government only publicly supported one
religious group, and it wasn’t fair to minority
religious groups. -Congregationalists were against separation
because separation would bring “social
disorder and risked infidelity”. -Wanted a different religious set-up than
forced religion like that of Church of England. -Issac Backus argued that alliances between
church and state oppressed other religious
groups. -Lower classes fought for religious freedom to
benefit from increased sense of liberty after
the Revolutionary War. -People everywhere realized the limitations an
established religion would place on them. -Plymouth Massachusetts was one of the
established colonial towns where people
opposed the idea of separate church and
state.
-Strictly Puritans.
-Roger Williams’ radical views opposing one
national religion got him exiled from
Plymouth, where the townspeople believed
highly of the church and state bond.
-People wanted to right the wrongs that were
done to them by England so they wanted to
make religion a fair opportunity -Because of the enlightenment and the great
awakening, a diminished interest in
established religions developed among the
American people
Positive Effects of Separation: -A bill for establishing religious freedom in
Virginia, written by Thomas Jefferson, was the
theoretical foundation of the First Amendment
to the United States Constitution. -The bill eliminated official and financial
support for the Church of England so neither
the church or the state had control over each
other. It also officially established for the first
time freedom of religion.
-First Amendment states there will be no
Negative Results of Separation: -Although Congress was prohibited from
creating laws pertaining to religious
establishments, states were left to make the
decision on their own which resulted in many
states still giving taxes in support of Christian
churches. Federalists
Anti-Federalists
George
Washington
Ben Franklin
James Madison
Alexander
Hamilton
Stronger central
government was
needed to keep
order and preserve
Union
George Mason
Patrick Henry
James Winthrop
John Hancock
Government
-STRONG CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT
Bill of Rights
AGAINST
-Felt that citizens
would be limited
stated rights
specifically stated
in the bill
-Thought it better
to have implied
rights
Checks &
Balances
Felt that it kept
one branch from
becoming too
powerful
-LITTLE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT
-STRONG LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
FOR
-Felt it was
important to
specifically protect
citizen’s rights
-Anti-Federalist
states would not
ratify Constitution
until Bill of Rights
was added
Felt that it served to
confuse the people
and would have little
power to prevent
rights infringement
Factions
Factional conflict
ensures the
perpetuation of
human liberty
Strong Leaders
Well Organized
Factions will rob the
common people of
their voice and lead
to mob rule
Appealed to popular
hatred of Britain
Constitution was
new and untried
Poorly organized
RATIFICATION
Bill of Rights
added to
Constitution to
gain ratification
of Georgia and
Massachusetts
Urban Laborers,
Shopkeepers, Artisans
- support Federalists
because Federalists
promised to regulate
profitable overseas trade
Popular
Advocates
Arguments
Ratification Dates
1. - Delaware - December 7, 1787
2. Pennsylvania - December 12,
1787
3. New Jersey - December 18,
1787
4. Georgia - January 2, 1788
5. Connecticut - January 9, 1788
6. Massachusetts - February 6,
1788
7. Maryland - April 28, 1788
8. South Carolina - May 23, 1788
9. New Hampshire - June 21, 1788
10. Virginia - June 25, 1788
11. New York - July 26, 1788
12. North Carolina - November 21,
1789
13. Rhode Island - May 29, 1790
Advantages
Disadvantages
Stronger central
government would
reverse work done in
revolution and limit
democracy