Revolution and the Early Republic
CONFEDERATION AND THE CONSTITUTION
Part 2
CONFEDERATION
AND THE
CONSTITUTION –
SECTION 3
ARTICLES OF
CONFEDERATION
ACCOMPLISHME
NTS OF ARTICLES
OF
CONFEDERATION
WEAKNESSES OF
THE ARTICLE OF
CONFEDERATION
SHAY’S
REBELLION
CREATING A NEW
GOVERNMENT

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After the Revolution, many favored a ___________________________________
Some supported a strong ________________________________________ ____________________ while others
favored ____________________________________________________________

The Second Continental Congress issued a set of laws called the ____________________ ____________________ in
1781
 Gave states one vote each in Congress regardless of ___________________________________
 Split power between ____________________________________________________________
 America’s first ________________________________________
 Established National governments ability to ________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
 Land Ordinance of 1785 – made ___________________________________________________
 Northwest Ordinance of 1787 – set requirement for __________________________________
 Congress could not collect ____________________
 Each state had ________________________________________ regardless of population
 No ____________________ branch
 No national ____________________ system
 ________________________________________ states needed to agree to pass any law
 Lacked national ________________________________________
 Weak ________________________________________
 An event that highlighted the ____________________ of the Central (National) government was Shay’s Rebellion
 Farmers in western Massachusetts rose up in protest over increased ____________________
 Daniel Shay led 1,200 farmers toward the arsenal in Springfield
 The event caused alarm throughout the republic
 The delegates at the Constitutional Convention realized the need to ____________________
____________________ ____________________ ____________________
 They soon decided to create an entirely new ____________________ instead of ____________________ the
Articles
 ________________________________________ was the order of the day
VIRGINIA VS.
NEW JERSEY
PLANS


Virginia Plan: ____________________________________________________________
New Jersey Plan: ____________________________________________________________
GREAT
COMPROMISE

After a deadlocked that dragged on & on, Roger Sherman finally suggested the Great Compromise which satisfied
both big & small states
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Next difficult issue: ____________________
Southern states wanted ____________________________________________________________ used to
determine ____________________
Northern states which had few slaves, ________________________________________
Compromise was to count each slave as ________________________________________
Next issue: Should the National government or the states hold power? Who shall be sovereign?
Delegates choose to ________________________________________
________________________________________ system developed
Federal government had ____________________, or ________________________________________ (Coin, trade,
war, etc.)
States had ________________________________________ powers (education)

THREE-FIFTHS
COMPROMISE


DIVISION OF
POWERS
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Federal System

Authority is ____________________, usually by a ________________________________________, between a
central government and regional (aka constituent) governments.
o Both act directly on the people.
o Both are supreme (in theory) within their sphere of authority.
o 87,500+ governments in the U.S.
Why Federalism?


Powers of the
Federal
Government

Powers of the
States

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Concurrent
Powers

RATIFYING THE
CONSTITUTION


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
FEDERALIST

ANTI-FEDERALIST
ADOPTION OF
THE BILL OF
RIGHTS
OLDEST LIVING
CONSTITUTION
LAUNCHING THE
NEW NATION –
SECTION 4
JUDICIARY ACT OF
1789
WASHINGTON
CREATES
DEPARTMENTS
Hamilton Vs.
Jefferson
HAMILTON’S
ECONOMIC PLAN
TWO-PARTY
SYSTEM
A compromise between advocates for ______________________________________________________ supporters
State traditions and local power could be ________________________, while common problems
________________________________________ could be dealt with by a central government with more authority.
_____________________ Powers
o Coining money, post offices, interstate commerce, naturalization laws, foreign relations
Implied Powers
o ________________________________________ (aka Necessary and Proper Clause – Article I, Sec. 8)

Provides flexibility by giving Congress powers _________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________ Amendment
o Powers not delegated to ______________________________________, nor prohibited to the states, are
_____________________________________________________________________, or to the people.
Regulate ____________________ within its borders, state ____________________
____________________ power
o Protection of health, morals, safety, and welfare

Crimes, marriage, contracts, education, traffic laws, and land use.
Powers held ____________________________________________________________ (most are implied rather than
stated)
Levy taxes, borrow money, establish courts, charter banks and corporations.
The Constitutional Convention adjourned in September of 1787
________________________________________ states had to ratify the Constitution
Supporters of the Constitution were ____________________. Those opposed were ____________________
Led by Alexander ____________________, James ____________________ and John ____________________,
Federalist believed that while the Constitution was not ____________________, it was far ____________________
to the Articles of Confederation
 They favored a strong ____________________________________________________________
 The Anti-Federalist view was that the Constitution did not _______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
 Led by Patrick ____________________, George ____________________, and Richard Henry
____________________, the Anti-Federalists wanted a _________________________________________________.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
 To satisfy the States-Rights advocates, a ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
 The Bill of Rights was ratified in December of 1791- ____________________ after the Constitution was ratified

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The U.S. Constitution is the ____________________________________________________________ in the world
Elastic Clause key to ________________________________________
Also ability to ____________________ ____________________ the Constitution helps preserve it
____________________ Amendments have been added
The hero of the Revolution was the unanimous choice for the nation’s first president
____________________ took office under the Constitution and with the Congress
He faced an enormous task of creating a ____________________________________________________________
One of Washington’s first tasks was to create a ________________________________________
____________________ ____________________ set up our justice system
The act called for a _______________________________________________________________________________
The system guaranteed that the federal laws would remain “____________________”
 Washington created ________________________________________
 State: Thomas Jefferson
 War: Henry Knox
 Treasury: Alexander Hamilton
 Hamilton was a staunch ____________________, while Jefferson was an ___________________________________
 Hamilton believed in commerce & industry, while Jefferson believed in a society of farmer-citizens
 Hamilton wanted a ____________________________________________________________ by the Government
 Opponents, like James Madison, felt the Constitution made ________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
 Thus begins a long battle between those who interpret the Constitution ____________________________________
 ____________________ within Washington’s cabinet gave rise to a _______________________________________
 Supporters Hamilton’s strong government view called themselves ________________________________________
WHISKEY
REBELLION
ELECTION OF
1796
XYZ AFFAIR
ALIEN AND
SEDITION ACTS
STATES ATTEMPT
TO NULLIFY ALIEN
& SEDITION ACTS

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Supporters of Jefferson’s vision of a strong state government were called __________________________________
nd
During Washington’s 2 term in office (1794), Whiskey farmers, angered by an excessive tax, attacked
________________________________________
Washington responded with ____________________ ____________________
Set precedent for ________________________________________________________________________________
Federalists nominated Vice President ________________________________________
Democratic-Republicans nominated ________________________________________
____________________________________________________________ (as law dictated)
Adams attempts to avoid war with ____________________ after France ships
____________________________________________________________
 He sends official to meet with France foreign minister
 France sends three ________________________________________ officers
 Adams is ____________________ and refers to them as “________________________________________”
 Next two years an _______________________________________ between France & U.S. was waged
 To counter what he considered a ________________________________________, Adams passed through Congress
the Alien and Sedition Acts
 Alien Act ____________________ ____________________ for ____________________ ____________________
and allowed President to ____________________ anyone
 Sedition Act set ________________________________________________________________________________
 In an event that would foreshadow future conflicts, two Southern States (Va. & Ky.) asserted the principle of
________________________________________
 Nullification meant that a state could ____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________