ISSN 1392-3110
Socialiniai tyrimai / Social Research. 2014. Nr. 1 (34), 31–41
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1
Kharkiv State Academy of Culture. Ukraine, Kharkiv, Bursatskij uzviz 4
E-mail: [email protected]
2
Royal School of Library and Information Science Copenhagen. Denmark, Copenhagen, Birketinget 6
E-mail: [email protected]
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ȼɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢɡɧɚɧɢɣ±ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɨɫɬɢɜɩɨɫɬɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ
Ɋɟɡɸɦɟ
ɋɬɨɱɤɢɡɪɟɧɢɹɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɢɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɥɢɹ
ɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɨ
ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɢɧɚɭɱ
ɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ
Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ
ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɦɢɪɨɜɨɟɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟɥɟɬ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɨɥɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ
Ɉɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɵ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɜ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɨ
ɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɇɚɷɬɢɯɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯɩɨɫɬɢɧ
ɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɮɨɪ
ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ Ɉɬɧɨɫɢ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜɡɧɚɧɢɹɢɝɪɚɸɬɜɚɠ
ɧɭɸɪɨɥɶɜɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ
ɫɜɨɟɦɭɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɭɌɟɦɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɟɫɥɢ
ɡɧɚɧɢɹɬɪɚɤɬɭɸɬɫɹɬɨɥɶɤɨɤɚɤɨɫɧɨɜɚɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣɢɯɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ
ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɁɧɚɧɢɹɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟɞɥɹɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɨɛɵɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɨɰɢ
ɚɥɶɧɨɣɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢɢɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸɜɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ
ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɡɧɚ
ɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɥɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ
ɩɹɬɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɯɝɨɞɨɜɨɬɷɩɢɫɬɟɦɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢɮɢɥɨɫɨ
ɮɫɤɨɣ ɢɞɟɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɲɥɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɬɪɚ
ɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɢ
ɬɭɚɰɢɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹɦɟɠɞɭɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɜɤɨɦɦɭ
ɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɬɚ
ɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɨɡ
ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ
ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɹɜɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯȼɬɨɪɵɟ
ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚ
ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɫɟɝɨ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ
ɰɟɥɨɦ ɗɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ
ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɆɵɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɢɡɦɭ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ
ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɄɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɢɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ
ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣ ȼ ɩɪɨ
ɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɵ ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ
ɦɟɬɨɞɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɬɟɨɪɢɢɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢɢ
ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɬɟɨɪɢɸɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
Ȼɨɪɶɛɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ
ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɡɧɚɧɢɟɦɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɟɳɟɛɨɥɟɟɨɱɟ
ɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ
ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɵ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɷɬɭ ɛɨɪɶɛɭ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɟɧɫɭɫɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ
ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ
ɬɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬ ɝɥɨ
ɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɗɬɨɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɣɢɥɢɚɦɛɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ
ɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɝɞɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɬɨɪɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɢ
ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢ
ɧɹɬɢɢɪɟɲɟɧɢɣɧɚɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɭɪɨɜɧɟɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ
ɦɚɤɪɨɚɤɬɟɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɨɛ
ɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢ
ɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɜɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɨɝɭɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɢɢɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹɬɟɨɪɢɹɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ
ɤɚɰɢɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɬɟɨɪɢɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɟɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɡɧɚɧɢɣɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɟɡɧɚɧɢɟɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɫɨɡɧɚ
ɧɢɟɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ
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