Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
JMA report on highlights and
issues in dataset and
products
Presented to CGMS-44 Working Group II session, JMA-WP-03, agenda item 7
Japan Meteorological Agency
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Contents
• Introduction
• Calibration, Image navigation and Registration (INR)
Updates of ground processing system in March 2016
• Level-2 products
Atmospheric Motion Vectors
• SCOPE activities
SCOPE-Nowcasting
SCOPE-CM
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Introduction
• Himawari-8 started operation on 7 July 2015
• AHI (Advanced Himawari Imager) on Himawari-8: new generation GEO imager
3 VIS, 3 NIR and 10 IR bands
Full disk observing cycle: 10 min., rapid scanning within 2.5 min. / 30 sec. intervals
1
2
3
4
Himawari-8/AHI
Wave
Spatial
Bit depth
length
resolution
0.47 µm
1km
11
0.51 µm
1km
11
0.64 µm
0.5km
11
0.86 µm
1km
11
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
1.6 µm
2.3 µm
3.9 µm
6.2 µm
6.9 µm
7.3 µm
8.6 µm
9.6 µm
10.4 µm
11.2 µm
12.4 µm
13.3 µm
Band
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
2km
2km
2km
2km
2km
2km
2km
2km
2km
2km
2km
2km
11
11
14
11
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
11
GOES-R/ABI
Wave
Spatial
length
resolution
0.47 µm
1km
MTSAT-2/IMAGER
Wave
Spatial
length
resolution
0.64 µm
0.86 µm
1.38 µm
1.61 µm
2.26 µm
3.90 µm
6.15 µm
7.00 µm
7.40 µm
8.50 µm
9.70 µm
10.3 µm
11.2 µm
12.3 µm
13.3 µm
0.68 µm
1km
3.7 µm
6.8 µm
4km
4km
10.8 µm
4km
12.0 µm
4km
0.5km
1km
2km
1km
2km
2km
2km
2km
2km
2km
2km
2km
2km
2km
2km
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Contents
• Introduction
• Calibration, Image navigation and Registration (INR)
Updates of ground processing system in March 2016
• Level-2 products
Atmospheric Motion Vectors
• SCOPE activities
SCOPE-Nowcasting
SCOPE-CM
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Calibration, Image Navigation and Registration (INR)
• Solar diffuser and black body are equipped as on-board calibration sources
• Several inter-calibration and vicarious calibration methods are also applied to
Himawari-8/AHI validation
Details will be presented in JMA-WP-05, agenda item 8
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Image Navigation and Registration (INR)
• Orbit determination: based on ranging data
• Satellite attitude determination involves the use of star trackers and gyros
Refined using landmark analysis based on pattern matching for coastlines
• Residual image navigation error in Himawari Standard Data (L1B equiv.
data) is validated using landmark analysis
Image navigation error
• Usually less than 0.5 IR pixels (approx. 1 km at SSP)
• The error occasionally/provisionally becomes
larger in the next full-disk observing cycle after
station keeping maneuver and at the timing of
satellite eclipse
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Updates of Himawari-8 Ground Processing System on 9 March 2016
1. Improvement of the band-to-band co-registration process
for IR bands
relative misalignment between sensor bands
2. Improvement of the resampling process
3. Implementation of a coherent noise reduction process
4. Bug fix for HSD header information
The updates significantly improved Himawari-8 image quality
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Ground Processing System Update – Band-to-band Co-registration Process for IR Bands
• Old process to estimate co-registration correction:
Based on co-registration errors from pattern matching during in-orbit testing
VNIR and Band 7 (3.9μm): optimized using AHI’s temperature
IR except Band 7: constant
• New process applied to IR bands 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 15:
Based on the co-registration errors of previous full-disk observing cycle w/o optimization
Change of pattern matching method and a bug fix to determine its domain is also included
Significant error reduction (e.g. ~0.2km -> ~0.02km in band 15)
- New process would also be applied to remaining bands in future
Band-to-band co-registration errors w.r.t. band 13 (10.4 μm) observation
Units in IR pixel size
(1pixel = 2km at SSP)
• “BEFORE” and “AFTER”: averages of all full-disk data 4-8 and 10-14 March 2016
• VIS/NIR bands: daytime averages (21:00-08:50 UTC)
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Ground Processing System Update – Resampling Process
• Old process
Unnatural spotted pixels in band-to-band differential imagery at the edge of clouds
Due to inadequate resampling and large band-to-band co-registration errors
• New process (refined resampling parameters)
Band-to-band radiance inconsistency is significantly reduced
New band-to-band co-registration process also contributed to this improvement
Old
New
Dust RGB image at 00:10 UTC on 9 December 2015
Color composite: 12.4-10.4μm, 10.4-8.6μm, 10.4μm
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Ground Processing System Update – Coherent Noise Reduction Process
• AHI sensor configuration creates coherent noise:
Stripes perpendicular to the scan direction over low-radiance areas
E.g. cloud-free ocean in VIS/NIR, deep convective cloud in IR and deep space in all bands
• Noise reduction module was applied to bands 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15
Noise reduction parameters: based on deep-space observation and the Fourier transform
significant reduction of striping
The module was applied for band 7 on 18 June 2015
Band 4 (0.86 μm) reflectivity at 00:20 UTC on 25 November 2015
(A)
nominal color palette
(B/W from 0 to 1)
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
(B)
As per (A), but min/max
reflectivities are 0.005 and 0.03
(C)
As per (B), but with noise
reduction process
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Contents
• Introduction
• Calibration, Image navigation and Registration (INR)
Updates of ground processing system in March 2016
• Level-2 products
Atmospheric Motion Vectors
• SCOPE activities
SCOPE-Nowcasting
SCOPE-CM
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Himawari-8/AHI Level-2 Products
• AMV and CSR
Have been distributed via GTS since 7 July 2015
User readiness: Himawari-8 AMV/CSR in commissioning phase were provided via the JMA
Data Dissemination System (JDDS) before Himawari-8 became operational
MTSAT-2 AMV/CSR had been provided via JDDS and GTS until 24 March 2016 to help
smooth the transition from MTSAT-2 to Himawari-8
• High-resolution Cloud Analysis Information
Cloud-mask, -type, -phase, -top height in 0.02-degree gridded data
Provided to NMHSs of Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar and Vietnam in response to requests
• Volcanic ash: VOLCAT software developed at NOAA/NESDIS is adopted
• Aerosol optical depth (AOD) product: for JMA’s internal use in Asian dust monitoring
ATBDs of Himawari-8 Level-2 products are available on:
http://www.data.jma.go.jp/mscweb/en/product/library/note/index.html
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Atmospheric Motion Vectors – Current Operation Status
• Himawari-8 AMVs: disseminated via the GTS in BUFR format
Hourly AMV from 10-minute-interval images for global NWP models
• Higher-density winds for regional NWP models: produced for JMA’s NWP section
But are not currently sent overseas via GTS due to line speed limitations
• MTSAT-2 currently serves as a BACKUP satellite for Himawari-8
MTSAT-2 AMVs had been disseminated until 24 March 2016
All settings relating to MTSAT-2 AMV dissemination and production: unchanged
Himawari-8 AMVs generated by JMA (as of May 2016)
Image
Target size
AMV type
Height range
Periodicity
interval
(pixels)
10.4 μm (IR)
125 – 1,100 hPa
Hourly
10 minutes
7x7
0.64 μm (2 km VIS) 125 – 1,100 hPa
Hourly
10 minutes
7x7
6.2 μm (WV1)
125 – 400 hPa
Hourly
10 minutes
7x7
6.7 μm (WV2)
125 – 500 hPa
Hourly
10 minutes
7x7
7.0 μm (WV3)
125 – 600 hPa
Hourly
10 minutes
7x7
3.7 μm (IR)
125 – 1,100 hPa
Hourly
10 minutes
7x7
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Distribution
BUFR via GTS
BUFR via GTS
BUFR via GTS
BUFR via GTS
BUFR via GTS
Internal use only
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Atmospheric Motion Vectors – Future Plans
• Rapid-scan AMVs using Himawari-8 frequent observation: under-development
0.5 km VIS w/ 2.5-minute-interval images will be used
For utilization in limited-area NWP and typhoon monitoring
• Increased number of the winds around typhoon: provide more information for
Estimation of sea surface wind speed
Generation of typhoon bogus wind data, currently assimilated in JMA’s NWP models
Current operational Himawari-8 VIS AMVs
Rapid-scan AMVs
AMVs at 06 UTC on 20 October 2015 (Typhoon Champi)
All wind levels, no-overlaps of target boxes
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Contents
• Introduction
• Calibration, Image navigation and Registration (INR)
Updates of ground processing system in March 2016
• Level-2 products
Atmospheric Motion Vectors
• SCOPE activities
SCOPE-Nowcasting
SCOPE-CM
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
SCOPE-Nowcasting Pilot Project 1 – Basic Imagery
Himawari Real-Time Image webpage (incl. training materials) at JMA/MSC
http://www.data.jma.go.jp/mscweb/data/himawari/index.html
• Himawari-8 RGB composite / other imagery for full
disk and selected areas in real time
• True Color Reproduction (TCR) image in collaboration
with NOAA/NESDIS GOES-R AWG imagery team
Released on 10 May 2016
• Color tuning based on recipe parameter adjustment
Under investigation to enhance the RGB-image display
of met. phenomena in the Asia-Pacific area
• Heavy rainfall potential area imagery: also available
• Web resources are liked to
JMA website for WMO RA II SWFDP / RA V SWFDDP
SWFDP: Severe Weather Forecasting Demonstration Project
SWFDDP: Severe Weather Forecasting and Disaster Risk Reduction Demonstration Project)
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Real-time JPEG Imagery Service on JMA/MSC Website for Asia-Oceania Region
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
SCOPE-Nowcasting Pilot Project 2 – Vocanic Ash
• JMA/MSC provided volcanic ash from MTSAT for 3 past volcanic eruptions
• Testbed for intercomparison of volcanic ash retrieval algorithms was established
For producing retrievals using common satellite data and ancillary data
Expected to be useful in comparing the inherent performance of individual
algorithms
Details will be reported in JMA-WP-04, agenda 8
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Contribution to SCOPE-CM – Plans 2016-2017
• SCM-03 (Land surface albedo from GEO)
Implementation of GSICS VIS inter-calibration method to GMS satellites
Land surface albedo retrieval
• SCM-06 (GEO Inter-calibration)
Implementation of IR/WV inter-calibration
Name
SCM-03: Land surface albedo from geostationary
satellites (LAGS)
SCM-06: Inter-calibration of passive imager observations
from time-series of geostationary satellites (IOGEO)
SCM-09: Sustained production of International Satellite
Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) cloud products
SCM-10: Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs) and
Clear/All-Sky Radiances (CSR/ASRs) from historical
meteorological satellites in geostationary and polar orbit
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
SCOPE-CM partners (*: leader)
Other partners
EUMETSAT*, NOAA, JMA
-
EUMETSAT* (CF and CM SAF),
NOAA, JMA, CMA, IMD, KMA
-
NOAA*, JMA, CMA, EUMETSAT
INPE
NY City College
JMA* (MSC + CPD), EUMETSAT (CF),
NOAA (NCDC), University of
Wisconsin (CIMSS), ECMWF
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Summary
• Image navigation and Registration (INR)
Updates of ground processing system on 9 March 2016
- Band-to-band co-registration, resampling process, coherent noise reduction:
significant improvement in image quality
• Level-2 products
Atmospheric Motion Vectors
- Rapid-scan AMVs designed for regional/limited area NWP models: under-development
• SCOPE activities
SCOPE-Nowcasting
- True Color Reproduction imagery was published on 10 May 2016
- Volcanic ash testbed was established (see JMA-WP-04)
SCOPE-CM
- Land surface albedo retrieval and inter-calibration of GMSs : planned to be started in 2016
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS
Thanks for your attention
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016