REVIEW, 4TH 6 WEEKS PROGRESS REPORT TEST
Define the following:
1. Mercantilism – English colonies were expected to buy more from England than England buys
from them, export raw materials only to England, to buy most of their manufactured goods from
England. Basically colonies existed to help support England and benefit England.
2. Unalienable rights – The basic or natural rights of all humans
3. Checks and balances – limits the powers of the branches of government, divides the power
between different groups and makes them oversee each other.
4. States’ Rights – theory that says that states have the right to judge when the federal
government had passed an unconstitutional law.
5. Limited Government – The principle that requires all US citizens, including government leaders
to obey the law.
6. Popular Sovereignty – Government in which the people rule
7. Republicanism – the belief that government should be based on the consent of the people;
people exercise their power by voting for political representatives.
8. Federalism – governmental power is broken up between a central and local (state) governments
9. Quartering – to host someone in your home, the place someone lives
10. Boston Tea Party – rebellion in Boston because Britain was taxing tea
11. Cabinet of George Washington (including key individuals and their positions) – Alexander
Hamilton was Secretary of Treasury, Thomas Jefferson was Secretary of State, Henry Knox was
Secretary of War
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12. Articles of Confederation – The first plan for the national government of the United States that
was eventually replaced by the Constitution because it did not give enough power to the central
or federal government.
13. Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 – Established the Supreme Court of the United States
14. Alien and Sedition Acts – Adams passed laws to limit immigration by those who might oppose
his party, he got Congress to give him permission to arrest those in the press who said anything
against him, many Americans reacted against Adams because they felt the sedition part of the
act was unconstitutional, Adams only served one term as President
15. John Adams – Second President of the United States, a federalist involved in the XYZ Affair and
the Alien and Sedition Acts.
16. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions – secret articles or papers written by Jefferson and Madison
to dispute the Alien and Sedition Acts by arguing that states had a right to nullify federal laws
that were unconstitutional.
17. Chief Justice John Marshall – Chief Justice during the Marbury V Madison case
18. Marbury VS Madison – case before Supreme Court where Madison refused to give a commission
to one of President Adam’s midnight appointments. It established the right of Judicial Review
for the Supreme Court (the Supreme Court is the final decision maker whether an act of
Congress, a state, or the President is constitutional).
19. Louisiana Purchase – 1803, USA bought from France for $15 million, doubled the size of the USA
and gave the USA control of the Mississippi River. Jefferson struggled with the decision to make
the purchase because he took a strict view of the Constitution and the Constitution does not
specifically give the President the power to purchase land.
20. Lewis and Clark Expedition – Summer 1803, trying to find an all water route to the Pacific ocean
from the East coast, lasted 28 months, did not find the all water route but made it there and
back
21. The Pike Expedition – took a southern route to explore the United States in the early 1800’s
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22. Sacagawea – Helped guide Lewis and Clark and acted as an interpreter.
23. War of 1812 – War between the USA and Britain/Indians that increased US patriotism, was the
result of England interfering in US shipping and the impressment of US sailors, weakened Native
Americans, increased US manufacturing, was the last major war between the USA and Britain,
Washington DC was burned during the war
24. Attack on Ft. McHenry – In August 1814 the British attacked the city of Baltimore which is
protected by Ft. McHenry. Francis Scott Keys wrote the Star Spangled Banner while watching
this battle.
25. Battle of Saratoga – Key revolutionary battle, considered the turning point of the War for
Independence. October, 1777 (a series of battles)
26. Battle of New Orleans – last battle of the War of 1812 that was fought after the war was already
over. Andrew Jackson became very popular after his success in this battle.
27. Francis Scott Key – Wrote the Star Spangled Banner while watching the battle of Fort McHenry.
28. James Monroe – 1817 to 1825, 5th President of the United States, established Monroe Doctrine
which stated that the USA would defend the Americas from colonization.
29. Andrew Jackson – Old Hickory, 1829 to 1837, 7th President of the United States, commander of
US forces at Battle of New Orleans during war of 1812.
30. Tariff – tax on imported foreign goods
Know the dates for the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
XYZ Affair – 1797 (during President Adams)
Treaty of Greenville - 1795
Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia – summer 1787
Washington’s Farewell Address - 1797
Whiskey Rebellion – summer of 1794 (farmers rebelled because of a tax on whiskey)
Shay’s Rebellion – January 1787 (farmers rebelled because of taxes)
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7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Magna Carta - 1215
Louisiana Purchase – April 1803
Writing of Star Spangled Banner – September 1814
Lewis and Clark Expedition – Summer 1803
Battle of New Orleans – January 1815
Where and when George Washington was inaugurated – New York City April 30, 1789
List the 10 Rights in the Bill or Rights and what each of them covered: The Bill of Rights are the first 10
amendments to the constitution. Anti-federalist would not approve the constitution without the Bill of
Rights.
1st – Five freedoms (religion, assembly, speech, press, petition), 2nd – Right to bear arms, 3rd – No
quartering troops, 4th – no search and seizure, 5th – rights of accused persons, 6th – right to a speedy and
public trial, 7th – trial by jury in civil cases, 8th – no excessive bail, 9th – right not listed are retained by
people, 10th – powers not discussed stay with the States, not the United States
What were the foreign policy positions and key parts of those positions of Washington, Adams, and
Jefferson?
Washington wanted to keep the US neutral during the British and French war, during his terms the
Spanish threatened to close the port of New Orleans to US shipping, European countries were stealing
goods and men from American ships, the British in Canada stirred up trouble between Native Americans
and American settlers.
Adams – had to deal with piracy from European countries
Jefferson – France was America’s ally and Britain was the biggest trading partner of the USA
What were the details of Hamilton’s financial plan?
Supported tariffs that protected US manufacturing and were used to help pay off US debt. He also
wanted to create a national bank.
Compare and contrast a strict versus a loose interpretation of the Constitution.
Strict = Thomas Jefferson, Democratic-Republicans, grant the government only the powers specifically
mentioned in the Constitution, don’t try to expand the power of the federal government
Loose = Alexander Hamilton, Federalists
Compare and contrast the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties and also discuss why they were
initially formed.
Federalist – Loose interpretation of the Constitution, wanted an industrial economy, wanted a strong
central government
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Democratic-Republicans – Strict interpretation of the Constitution, wanted an agricultural economy,
wanted a weak central government
These parties developed because Hamilton and Jefferson disagreed over an interpretation of the
Constitution.
What is judicial review and why is it important?
Judicial Review is the principle that the Supreme Court has the final say in interpreting the Constitution
of the United States. It is important because it is a check and balance on the other branches.
What were the economic consequences and the results of the War of 1812?
American manufacturing increased because the British blockade kept European products out of the
United States.
Compare and contrast the three branches of government.
Legislative – House of Representatives and Senate, they check the Executive and Judicial branches, they
can impeach the President, they can override presidential vetoes, they make the laws, they are the
largest governmental decision making body
Executive – President, can check other branches, veto power over laws, Commander in Chief,
implements or administrates laws.
Judicial – Supreme Court, exercises Judicial Review, checks other branches, highest court of the land
Current voting requirements.
You must be 18 years old, a US citizen, never convicted of a felony.
What were the details for the XYZ Affair?
President Adams sends 3 men to France to get France to stop piracy against US ships, 3 un-named
French officials ask for a bribe before they will help them, Americans are willing to pay any cost for
defense but nothing for bribes, Congress cancels all treaties with France when they learn about the
attempted bribery, Americans are inspired to rally against France.
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