Mechanics of Residual Soils
Second Edition
Editors:
G.E.
Blight
Department of Civil Engineering, Witwatersrand University,
Johannesburg, South Africa
E.C.
Leong
NanyangTechnological University, Singapore
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
Boca Raton
London
CRC Press is an
Taylor
&
New York
Leiden
imprint of the
Francis Group, an informa business
A BALKEMA BOOK
Contents
Preface to second edition
Acknowledgements
Author
List
1
ix
xi
biographies
xiii
of abbreviations and mathematical symbols
Origin and
G.E Blight
xv
formation of residual soils
I
1.1
Definitions
1
1.2
Rock
relating to residual soils
weathering processes
3
1.3
The effects of climate
1.4
The effects of
1.5
General characteristics of residual soils
10
1.6
Depth and intensity of weathering
17
1.7
More about
pedocretes
18
1.8
Transported
soils that have weathered in situ
21
1.9
The
4
topographic relief
8
1.10
weathering of soluble limestones and dolomites
Dispersive soils
1.11
Relict
structures in
residual soils that
may
21
25
affect their engineering
performance
of
26
1.12
Rapidity
1.13
Detailed examination of
weathering
27
a
typical soil profile
residual from
an
igneous rock
1.14
27
An introduction
to
the mechanics of unsaturated soils
29
References
2
37
Microstructure, mineralogy and classification of residual
A.8. Fourie.T.Y.
Irfan.J.B. Queiroz
and
de
Carvalho.J.V.
mineralogy related
2.1
Microstructure
2.2
Mineralogy
2.3
Determination of
2.4
Microstructure of residual soils
2.5
2.6
and
soils
to
weathering
of weathering
products
mineralogical composition
occurrence
41
Simmons & LD. Wesley
and microstructure related
41
42
43
44
Mineralogy
geotechnical properties
Examples of the mineralogy of a residual profile
to
46
48
vi
Contents
Overcoming difficulties in measuring index parameters
2.7
for residual soils
50
2.8
Classification of residual soils
2.9
Example
of classification of
a
56
residual soil
60
References
3
60
Describing
as
G.E
.
the
engineering properties
of residual soils
observed in situ
Blight
&
J.V.
63
Simmons
3.1
Soil
3.2
Soil
3.3
Detailed information
3.4
Profile
description
3.5
Simple
in situ
Taking
undisturbed soil
3.6
engineering survey
engineering data
tests
on
63
63
strength
and
permeability
65
and soil
sampling
samples
for
73
laboratory testing
References
4
The mechanics of
G.E
Blight
4.1
74
79
compaction
and
compacted
residual soil
81
& J.V. Simmons
The
compaction process
Consequences of unsatisfactory compaction
The mechanisms of compaction
4.3
4.4
Laboratory compaction
4.5
Precautions to be taken with laboratory compaction
4.6
Roller compaction in the field
4.7
Relationships between saturated permeability to water flow
and optimum water content
4.8
Designing a compacted clay layer for permeability
4.9
Seepage through field-compacted layers
Control of compaction in the field
4.10
4.11 Special considerations for work in climates with large rates
of evaporation
4.12 Additional points for consideration
4.13 Compaction of residual soils
4.14 The mechanics of unsaturated compacted soils during and
4.2
after construction
4.15
Pore air pressures caused
4.16
Summary
81
84
85
87
88
90
93
94
96
97
102
105
105
108
by undrained compression
References
5
64
111
116
117
unsteady flow of water and air through
permeability of saturated and unsaturated soils
V.K. Garga & G.E Blight
119
5.1
119
Steady
soils
5.2
and
-
Darcy's and Fick's laws of steady state flow
Displacement of water from soil by air
121
Contents
5.3
Unsteady flow of air through partly saturated and dry soils
Unsteady
flow of air
unsaturated soil
5.5
through
Measuring permeability to water
5.6
Observed differences between small scale and
5.4
flow in the
124
laboratory
large scale
5.9
5.10
Estimation of
142
5.11
Large-scale permeability tests using a test pad
Permeability characteristics of residual soils
5.12
permeability from field
127
130
132
tests
144
145
References
147
Compressibility, settlement
R.D. Barksdale & G.E. Blight
6.1
Compressibility of
6.2
6.3
The process of
Biotic activity
6.4
Measuring
the
6.5
Settlement
and heave of residual soils
149
residual soils
149
compression and swell in unsaturated soils
compressibility
calculations for raft and
prediction
159
spread
178
6.6
Settlement
6.7
Movement of shallow foundations
6.8
of residual soils
Collapse
predictions
for
deep
foundations
on
186
residual soils
188
201
References
Shear
210
strength
strength
behaviour and the measurement of shear
in residual soils
R.P. Brenner, V.K.
7.1
Garga
7.3
213
& G.E
Blight
Behaviour and differences of residual soils from
transported
7.2
soils
213
226
Laboratory strength testing
Field strength testing
257
References
280
Case histories
involving volume change and shear strength
285
of residual soils
G.E
Blight
8.1
Settlement of
two tower
8.2
Settlement of
an
blocks
on
residual andesite lava
residual soil
289
apartment block built on loess in
of expansive clay soils by flooding
Settlement of
8.4
Preheaving
Heave analysis for
at an
286
earth dam embankment constructed of
8.3
8.5
153
157
of residual soils
foundations
8
125
125
5.8
7
122
permeability measurements
Laboratory tests for permeability to water flow
Measuring permeability to air flow
Methods for measuring water permeability in situ
5.7
6
vii
an
experimental
a
Belgrade
293
293
profile of desiccated expansive clay
site
301
viii
Contents
8.6
The
8.7
The mechanisms of
performance
expansive clays
of tension
piles subjected
The
References
stability
uplift by
312
piping
failure
along
conduits
8.8
to
concrete
outlet
319
of
slopes
of residual soil
329
346
Subject index
349
Colour
357
plates