Page |1
APUSHTimePeriod#81945to1980
AfterWorldWarII,theUnitedStatesgrappledwithprosperityand
unfamiliarinternationalresponsibilitieswhilestrugglingtoliveuptoitsideals.
HWREADINGS-AMERICANPAGEANT-CHAPTERS#36,#37,#38,#39
TheColdWarBegins
KoreanWar
ColdWarHeatsUp
TheVietnamWar
TheMarshallPlan
GeorgeKennan
TheColdWarComesHome
TheEisenhowerEra
CivilRights–PainsandGains
StalematedSeventies
LBJandtheGreatSociety
TimePeriod#81945to1980
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TheColdWarBegins,1945-1952–ContextualTermsandIDs
TheColdWarwasanideologicalconflictbetweenthedemocraticUnitedStatesandthecommunistSovietUnion.
Duringthecoldwarbothsidesdidn’tshootateachotherduethedestructivenessofnuclearweaponsinanidea
knownasM.A.D.(mutuallyassureddestruction).Althoughbothsidesparticipatedinanumberofproxywars,in
whichtheysupportedtheopposingsides.TheColdWarlastedfrom1945-1991withthecollapseoftheSoviet
Union,andwasaconsiderationinallmajorforeignpolicydecisionsduringthattime.
GeorgeKeenanwasanexperiencedAmericanDiplomatwhospecializedinSovietaffairs.Heissuedthelong
telegram,whichdeclaredthattheonlythingthesovietsrespectedwasstrength.TheUnitedStatesshouldnottry
toappeasetheSoviets.TheU.S.shouldvigorouslyopposeallSovietexpansionwithfulleconomicandmilitary
force.Thispolicy,knownascontainment,becameAmerica’sforeignpolicyforthedurationofthecoldwar(46
years).
AfterFDR’sdeathinAprilof1945,HarryTrumanbecamepresident.Hewasnotafraidtomakedifficultdecisions
suchasdroppingtheAtomicBomb.HeissuedwhatisknownastheTrumanDoctrinein1947.Thisdoctrine
proclaimedthatAmericawouldhavetoabandonitsisolationistpastandopposecommunismeverywhereit
threatenedtospread.ThisforeignpolicywouldguideAmerica,forbetterorworseuntil1991.
ThefirstplaceTrumanappliedthedoctrinewasinwartornEurope.Manycountrieswerestrugglingtosurviveand
beganlookingtocommunismastheanswer.But,accordingtoTruman,interveningwouldbeawasteoftime
unlessyougavethecountriesahandoutofpoverty.Thepresident’sSecretaryofState,GeorgeMarshall,cameup
withaneconomicpackagecalledtheMarshallPlantoeconomicallyrebuildEurope.Atfirstcongressdidn’twantto
spendthemillionsthattheplanwouldneedtosucceed.Butfearofcommunismpromptedthemtoapprovethe
ambitiousplan.TheMarshallPlanwasatremendoussuccess.
Berlin,Germany’scapital,wasdeepintheSovietSector.In1948,theSovietsclosedaccess,thuspreventing
American,English,andFrenchshipmentsofsupplies.TheBritishandAmericansflewinsuppliesinaneffortknown
astheBerlinAirlift.AfternearlyayeartheSovietsreopenedaccess.Chinawasalsocrippledbythewar,andithad
twosidesfightingforcontrol,thecommunists,underMaoZedongandtheNationalistsunderChangKai-shek.The
UnitedStatessupportedthenationalists,butChangwasbrutaltohispeopleandlosttheU.S.support.Eventually,
ChinabecamecommunistunderMao.TheRepublicanPartyblamedtheDemocratsfortheloss,claimingthatthey
were“soft”oncommunism.ThisclaimwouldhauntAmericayearslaterinVietnam.
ThefallofChinaandEasternEuropetocommunismprovokedahysteriaknownastheRedScare.Itwasthe
secondsuchscare(thefirstwasin1919,afterWorldWarI).AhusbandandwifenamedJuliusandEthel
RosenbergwereconvictedofspyingfortheSovietsandwereexecuted.AdrunkensenatornamedJoeMcCarthy
tookadvantageofthesituationbyclaimingthatcommiespieshadinfiltratedthegovernment.Heheldhearings
thatrecklesslyaccusedpeopleofbeingcommunist,andruinedmanypeople’slives.Thisphenomenonbecame
knownasMcCarthyism.
ThefocusofcontainmentwasonEuropebutquicklyturnedtoAsiaattheoutbreakoftheKoreanWarin1950.
CommunistNorthKoreainvadedSouthKoreaandwasnearlyvictorious.TheUnitedNations,ledbytheUnited
StatesassistedSouthKoreainfightingoffNorthKorea.Thiswasthefirsttimethatblackandwhitesoldiersfought
together,asHarryTrumanhadintegratedthearmedforcesin1948.TheChineseintervenedonthesideofNorth
Koreaandthewarondrugonfornearlythreeyears.Eventuallyanarmisticewassignedin1953;itdividedthe
countrybacktoapproximatelywhereitbegan.
WhenboththeSovietsandAmericansexplodedHydrogenBombs,peoplewereterrifiedofanuclearwar.They
dugbombsheltersandschoolchildrenpracticedduckandcoverdrills.TheUnitedStatesanditsalliesformed
N.A.T.O.(NorthAmericanTreatyOrganization)forprotection.TheSovietsformedrivalWarsawPact.Things
wouldremainthiswayuntil1991
TimePeriod#81945to1980
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Chapter#36TheColdWarBegins,1945-1952
Directions:PleasereadtheColdWarBeginsoverviewandChapter#36TheColdWarBegins,1945-1952pages852
to881toanswerthequestionsbelow.Pleaseincludespecificrelevantoutsideinformation(includingrelevant
propernouns!!)inyourdetailedresponse
COMMENTS,CONCERNSor
CLARIFICATIONS
1.AnalyzethereasonsforthedevelopmentoftensionsbetweentheSovietUnionand
theUnitedStates
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2.Analyzethedegreeofsuccessthepolicyofcontainmentachievedbetween1945
and1953
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3.Analyzethereasonsforthegrowthofanti-laborsentimentfollowingWWII
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TimePeriod#81945to1980
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4.AnalyzethereasonsforandtheresultsofthesecondRedScare
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5.AnalyzethewaysinwhichtheUnitedStatestriedtoforestallandeconomic
downturnfollowingWorldWarII
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6.CompareandcontrasttheresponseoftheAmericanpeopletotheendofWorld
WarIItotheAmericanpeople’stotheofWorldWarI
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TimePeriod#81945to1980
COMMENTS,CONCERNSor
CLARIFICATIONS
Page |5
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7.TowhatdegreeandinwhatwaysdidpostWorldWarIIforeignpolicyrepresenta
fundamentalchangefrompreviousforeignpolicy?
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TimePeriod#81945to1980
COMMENTS,CONCERNSor
CLARIFICATIONS
Page |6
SocietyandCultureofthe1950sContextualTermsandIDs
The1950’sarelookeduponasanidyllictimewheneveryonewasinahappydaze.Americawasprospering,babies
werebeingborn,andpeopleweremovingintonewhomesinthesuburbs.Beneaththesurfacediscontentabout
conformity,economicinequality,politicalalienation,andsegregationsimmeredandwouldboiloverinthenext
decade.
TheG.I.Billgavereturningsoldiersloanstogethomes,businessesandgotocollege.Manyofthemmovedtothe
newlybuiltsuburbanhomes.ThefirstoftheseplannedcommunitieswascalledLevittown.Thesoldiersandtheir
wivesbeganthebabyboom,perhapsthemostprolificexplosionofchildbirthsever(in1957ababywasborn
everysevenseconds!).Anewwaveofconsumerismsweptsociety.Justasinthe1920’s,advertisersenticed
peopleintobuyingthingsthattheydidn’tneed.Manufacturersusedplannedobsolesce,purposelymadeanew
styleofanitemeveryyear,toencouragepeopletobuythelatestversionoftheirproduct.Automobiles,new
appliances,andclotheswerepurchasedonabrandnewinvention,theplasticcreditcard.Peopleranthemselves
intodebt,especiallytopurchasethemostcoveteditem,thetelevision.
By1960,90%ofhomeshadatleastonetelevision.Childrenwerepamperedbyadoringparentsandtheterm
teenagercametodescribeadolescents.Teenshadmoneytospendonmusic,moviesandfood.Themusicthey
spentitonwasrock-n-roll.Thetermrocknrollwasaeuphemismfordancingandsex.Rockmusicwasoriginally
calledracemusicbecauseitwascreatedbyAfricanAmericans,andmostradiostationsrefusedtoplayit.
Eventually,rockgainedacceptanceinmainstreammusicthroughthelikesofElvisPresleyandothers.Thesame
patternwouldbefollowedinthe1980’swithrapmusic.ThefastfoodfranchiseMcDonaldsgotitsstartin1955,
fillingtheneedforteen’sappetites.
Noteveryonewashappyinthe1950’s.AgroupofsocialcriticscalledtheBeatniksprotestedinliterature.They
didn’tlikethesocialconformityandconsumerismthatwasrampantinAmerica,muchlikeitwasinthe1920’s.
AnothergroupnotsatisfiedwasAfricanAmericans.TheyhadfoughtinWorldWarIIandKorea,butfailedto
achieveracialequality.ThecourtcaseBrownv.Board(1954)statedthatschoolsmustintegrate“withall
deliberatespeed”.ThisdecisionoverturnedthePlessyv.Fergusoncaseof1896anditsseparatebutequalruling.
InMontgomery,Alabamain1955AfricanAmericansboycottedthebussystem,duetosegregation.Theleaderof
theboycott,Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.,wouldbecomeavisionaryleaderoftheemergingCivilRightsMovement.
Eventuallythebusesweredesegregated.In1957,atLittleRockArkansasnineAfricanAmericanstudents
st
integratedtheallwhiteLittleRockHigh.IttooktheUnitedStates101 AirborneArmytoallowtheLittleRocknine
tosafelyattendschool.ItwasthefirsttimesinceReconstruction(1865-1877)thatfederaltroopsoccupiedacity.
Withthepowerofnuclearweapons,theUnitedStatespolicyinthe1950’swasmassiveretaliation.IftheSoviets
didsomething,wewouldrespondwithnuclearweapons.Thiswouldratchetuptensionsandincreasefearsofa
nuclearwar.TheSovietslaunchedthefirstsatellitein1957namedSputnik.Thisbeepingsatelliteterrified
Americans.TheyfearedthattheSovietswerecapableoflaunchingnuclearweaponsfromouterspace.Thisgave
risetoanentiregenreofbadmoviesaboutaliens.CongresspassedtheNationalDefenseEducationActof1958
(NDEA)toincreasestudent’sknowledgeinscienceandmathandpreventtheSovietsformremainingaheadinthe
spacerace.TheyalsopassedtheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)tooverseeournew
spaceprogram,whichwasstationedinTitusville,Florida(theSpaceCoast).
TimePeriod#81945to1980
Page |7
Chapter#37TheEisenhowerEra,1952-1960
Directions:PleasereadtheSocietyandCultureofthe1950soverviewandChapter#37TheEisenhowerEra,19521960pages882to908toanswerthequestionsbelow.Pleaseincludespecificrelevantoutsideinformation
(includingrelevantpropernouns!!)inyourdetailedresponse
COMMENTS,CONCERNSor
CLARIFICATIONS
1.Analyzethereasonsforthegrowthofthecivilrightsmovementduringthe1950’s
andthedegreeofsuccessitachieved
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2.AnalyzethechangeinmigrationpatternsintheUnitedStatesinthe1950’s
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3.EvaluatethereasonsforandthesuccessofAmericanforeignpolicyduringthe
1950’s
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4.Analyzehowmassmediainfluencedtheperceptionofgenderrolesduringthe
1950’s
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5.Towhatdegreeandinwhatwaysdidpost-WorldWarIIAmericansocietymirror
post-WorldWarIsocietypolitically,economicallyandsocially
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TimePeriod#81945to1980
COMMENTS,CONCERNSor
CLARIFICATIONS
Page |9
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P a g e | 10
TheStormySixties1960-1969-ContextualTermsandIDs
The1960’smarkedadramaticshiftfromtheconformityandconsensusthatthe1950’shadimparted.Thedecade
wasrockedwithabrushwithnuclearwar,theassassinationsofpoliticalandculturalleaders,protests,riots,anda
war.InwhatmanyconsidertobeAmerica’sworstyear,1968hadvirtuallyalloftheaboveelementsinone
calendaryear.
1960wasanelectionyear.Thetwocandidateswereverydissimilarfromoneanother.RepublicanRichardNixon
wasanexperienced,shrewdpolitician,butcoldandruthless.DemocratJohnKennedywasyouthfuland
inexperienced,butverycharismaticandpersonable.Thetwometinthefirstever,Presidentialdebate,whichwas
televised.Kennedylookedmorepresidentialandmayhaveconvincedenoughvoterstoelecthimintheclosest
th
electioninthe20 century.
KennedyinheritedaplantotrainexiledCubansandhavethemattackthenewlycommunistCuba.Theytrainedon
CayoCostainLeeCounty.Theplan,calledtheBayofPigs,wasacompletedisaster.Thiswasoneofanumberof
eventsinthesimmeringcoldwar.TheSovietscompletedtheBerlinWallin1961separatingeastandwestBerlin,
essentiallymakingEastGermanyaprison.TheemboldenedSovietsplacedmissilesinCuba,90milesfromFlorida.
Theinterstatewasclosedexceptformilitarytrafficastheworldwatchedandhopedanuclearwarwouldnot
occur.AtensestandoffbeganastheUnitedStatesdemandedtheSovietsremovethemissiles.Theworldheldits
breathforthirteendaysasthetwocountriesglaredfrostilyateachother.TheSovietsfinallybackeddownand
removedthemissiles,inexchangeforourpromisenottoinvadeCuba.
PresidentKennedywasassassinatedinNovember1963.ThenewPresident,LyndonBainesJohnson,embarkedon
anambitiousprogramtocombatpovertyandinequality.Theprogram,calledtheGreatSociety,wouldintroduce
head-start,Medicare,Medicaid,acivilrightsact,andavotingrightsact.Johnsontriedtohelpthelowertiersof
societyachievethesuccessofmiddleclassenjoyed.
AfricanAmericansbeganthecivilrightsmovementin1954.Bythemid1960’stheygainedground.Dr.Martin
LutherKingJr’ssteadyconfrontational,non-violentapproachwasworking.HeheadeduptheSouthernChristian
LeadershipConference(SCLC),astudentorganizationtheStudentsNonViolentCoordinatingCommittee(SNCC)
wasformedforyoungerpeopletoprotest.ButformanyAfricanAmericans,itwasn’tworkingquicklyenough.It
wastruethatthepolltaxhadbeeneliminatedasdidsegregationinschoolsandpublicfacilities.However,inthe
DeepSouthitpersistedstubbornly.NewleaderssuchasStockleyCarmichael,H.RapBrown,andMalcolmX
espousedamoremilitantstance.FreedomRiderswereorganizedtointegratebuses.FreedomSummerwasheld
toregisterblackstovote.TheBlackPanthersformedandbegantoarmthemselvestofightthewhiteopposition
withbullets.MalcolmXwasassassinatedin1965inaninternalpowerstruggleinhisorganization,theNationof
Islam.ThatyeartheblackghettoofWatts,inLosAngeles,violentlyriotedwhatbeganmany“long,hotsummers”
ofdiscontentamonginnercityAfricanAmericans.
TheSupremeCourt,undertheleadershipofEarlWarren,becamealiberaldefenderofpeople’srights.Theyruled
againstsegregation,fortherightsofpeopleaccusedofcrimes(mostfamouslyMirandav.Arizona).
Warren/Burgercourtcaseswere:GideonvsWainwright,EscobedovsIllinois,&TinkervsOhio.
Collegestudentsbegantoprotestduringthe1960’s.Atfirstitwasaminoritymovementwhowantedpeopleto
changesocietythattheybelievedwasmorallycorrupt.AstheVietnamWardrugon,theyprotestedthatour
involvementwasimmoral.Themovementgainedmembers,someofwhomwereHippies.Hippieslivedan
alternativelifestyledubbedthecounterculture.Theyuseddrugs,hadpremaritalsex,didn’tbatheregularly,didn’t
holdjobs,andgrewtheirhairlong.
America’sinvolvementinVietnamwasgradual.Inthelate1940’s,wegavemoneytotheFrenchtocontrolthe
country.WhentheFrenchweredefeatedatDienBienPhu,wesentadvisorstohelptheSouthVietnameseagainst
thecommunistNorthVietnamese.ItwaspartofthecontainmentpolicyknownastheDominoTheorywhich
statedthatifVietnamfelltocommunismitsneighborsmightsuccumbtocommunismaswell.Weincreasedthe
TimePeriod#81945to1980
P a g e | 11
advisorsto16,000by1963.Tonotappearsoftoncommunism,PresidentJohnsonlookedforanexcusetoescalate
ourinvolvementinVietnam.Hefounditin1964attheGulfofTonkin.HeclaimedwewereattackedbytheNorth
Vietnamese.CongressallowedthePresidenttodowhateverwasnecessarytocontrolVietnam.Johnsonsaidofthe
GulfofTonkinresolutionthatitwas“likegrandmasnightshirt,itcoveredeverything”.By1968wehad500,000
troopsfightinginVietnam.
Theyear1968openedwiththeVietnameseattackingontheirnewyear,Tet.TheTetOffensivewasa
simultaneousattackon100citiesandbases.TheNorthVietnameseusedtheHoChiMinhTrail,namedafterthe
leaderofNorthVietnamtomovetroopsandsuppliesthroughother,theneutralcountriesofLaosandCambodia
toavoidtheAmericanArmy.ThoughtheUnitedStatesbeatbacktheNorthVietnamese,theAmericanpeople
wereshocked.TheAmericanshadbeentoldwewerewinningthewar,nowitappearedverydifferentontheir
televisions.ThisopenedupayawningcredibilitygapbetweenAmericansandtheirleaders.Theantiwar
movementgrewandbeganprotestingmoreloudly.InMarchUnitedStatessoldierskillednearly500unarmed
women,children,andoldpeopleintheMaiLaiMassacre.PresidentJohnsondecidednottorunforreelection,
whichshockedthenation.RobertKennedy,John’sbrother,decidedtorunforpresident.Hewasyouthfuland
gavehopetomanypeople.InApril,MartinLutherKingJr.wasassassinated,riotsrockedoverthirtycities.InJune
RobertKennedywasassassinated.TheDemocraticConventiontochooseapresidentialcandidatewasmarredby
violentstudentprotests.WiththeDemocratsbadlydivided,theRepublicanConventioninMiaminominated
RichardNixon,whomanagedtowininNovemberoverVicePresidentHubertHumphrey.Thesixtiesendedona
highernoteasAmericabecamethefirstcountrytohaveamanwalkonthemooninJuly1969.
TimePeriod#81945to1980
P a g e | 12
Chapter#38TheStormySixties,1960-1968
Directions:PleasereadtheTheStormySixtiesoverviewandChapter#38TheStormySixties,1960-1968pages909
to937answerthequestionsbelow.Pleaseincludespecificrelevantoutsideinformation(includingrelevantproper
nouns!!)inyourdetailedresponse
COMMENTS,CONCERNSor
CLARIFICATIONS
1.Analyzetheimpactofgrowingmilitancyinthecivilrightsmovement
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2.Analyzethepolitical,socialandeconomicimpactoftheVietnamwaronAmerican
society.
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3.Analyzethedegreetowhichthecivilrightmovementofthe1960’sresolvedissues
leftunsettledbyReconstruction.
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TimePeriod#81945to1980
P a g e | 13
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4.AnalyzethedegreetowhichtheGreatSocietywassuccessfulinaccomplishingits
goalsandthedegreetowhichitfailedtoachievelastingchange.
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5.Towhatdegreeandinwhatwayscouldtheyear1968beconsideredaturning
pointinU.S.History?
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TimePeriod#81945to1980
COMMENTS,CONCERNSor
CLARIFICATIONS
P a g e | 14
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TimePeriod#81945to1980
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P a g e | 15
TheStalematedSeventies1970-1979-ContextualTermsandIDs
The1970’smarkedatimeofAmericandisillusionment.Wehadlostawar,continuingsocialunrestandprotest,
learnedthatourgovernmentliedtous,hadapresidentresignafterbeingcaughtlying,experiencedamajor
energycrisis,hadunemploymentatitshighestsincetheGreatDepression,facedapollutedenvironment,anda
humiliatinghostagecrisis.Fromtheawfulclothing(bellbottomsandplaid)toitshorriblemusic(disco)America
didn’thavemuchtobeproudofatitsbicentennial.
RichardNixonwaselectedaspresidentlargelyduetohispromisetoachievepeacewithhonorintheVietnam
War.NixonchampionedtheSilentMajority.Hemadestridestoreducethenumberofcombattroopsinaprocess
knownasVietnamazation.VietnamazationisapolicywheretheSouthVietnamesewouldbetrainedtofightfor
themselves.Thewarcontinuedtolingeruntiltheeveofthenextpresidentialelectionin1972.TheNorth
VietnamesecontinuedtouseasupplyroutecalledtheHoChiMinhTrail,namedaftertheleaderofNorth
Vietnam,thetrailranthroughtheneutralcountriesofLaosandCambodia.Nixonorderedthesecretbombingof
thesetwoneutralcountries.Whenthepubliclearnedofthiswideningofthewar,massiveprotestsbrokeout.On
KentStateandJacksonStateUniversities,NationalGuardsmenshotandkilledprotestingstudents.Priortothe
1972electionNixonproclaimedthatpeaceisathand.Theployworkedandhewonasweepingelection.TheParis
PeaceAccordsendedU.S.involvementinthewarinJanuary1973.ThetotalnumberofAmericanskilledwasover
58,000.In1975theNorthVietnamesedefeatedtheSouthandVietnambecameaunitedcommunistnation.The
U.S.normalizedrelationswiththemin1994.
In1973thecongressreasserteditsauthoritytomakewarwiththeWarPowersAct.Thislawlimitsthepresident’s
abilitytoinvolveUnitedStatestroopsforlongerthanthreemonthswithoutcongressionalapproval.WhattheGulf
ofTonkinResolutionallowed,theWarPowersActtookaway.Nixonwasaskilledforeignpolicynegotiator.He
playedtensionsbetweentheSovietsandChinaperfectly.Hevisitedbothcountriesandsoftenedthecoldwarina
policyknownasdétente,orarelaxationoftensions.
The1972electionwouldprovetobetheendforNixon.Hewasalwaysparanoidandpowerhungry,hekeptan
enemieslistwithBillCosbyandhundredsofotherpeopleonit.PeopleworkingforNixon’sreelectioncampaign
werecaughtbreakingintotheDemocraticPartyNationalheadquartersintheWatergatebuilding.TheWatergate
ScandalwouldeventuallybringNixondown.CongressandtheAmericanPeoplewantedtoknow“Whatdidthe
Presidentknowandwhendidheknowit?”aboutthebreakin.Eventually,itwaslearnedthatNixonordereda
coverupoftheWatergateaffair.Underthethreatofimpeachment,Nixonresigned.Themostbafflingissuewas
th
thatNixonwontheelectionbythewidestmargininthe20 Century,itwasunnecessarytobreakintoWatergate!
Unfortunately,thissadeventjustdeepenedthepublicmistrustofthegovernment.
OursupportforIsraelinitswarswithitsoilrichMuslimneighborswouldhavedramaticrepercussions.The
OrganizationofOilProducingCountries(O.P.E.C.)wouldtightenthesupplyofoil,causingenergyprices,including
gas,tosoar.Theenergycrisiswascoupledwithaslowdownintheeconomywhereunemploymentwouldreachits
highestlevelssincetheGreatDepression.Noneofthethreepresidentsduringthedecadecouldsolvetheenergy
problemorthepersistent,stubbornstagflation.
GeraldFordtookoverasvicepresidentwhenNixon’svicepresidentwenttojailinabriberyscam.Hethenbecame
president.HepardonedNixonattheoutsetofhisterm,causingmanypeopletodistrusthim.Hewasdefeatedby
JimmyCaterinthe1976presidentialelection.
The1970’sincludedastruggleforequalityofmanydifferentgroups.Theywereencouragedbytheprogressofthe
1960’sCivilRightsMovement.HispanicAmericansandNativeAmericanswonconcessionsfrombusinessesand
congress.ThelargestgrouptopushforanEqualRightsAmendment(ERA)waswomen.Theyorganizedthe
NationalOrganizationofWomen(NOW)topushforequalrightsintheworkplace.Women’srightsactivistsgota
boostfromtheSupremeCourtcaseofRoev.Wadeinwhichabortionwaslegalized.The1970’salsoexperienced
anenvironmentalawareness,spurredbythebookSilentSpringbyRachaelCarson.Theenvironmentalistspushed
formoreregulationonbusinesspollution.Thefirstearthdaywascelebratedin1970.
TimePeriod#81945to1980
P a g e | 16
PresidentCarterhandedthePanamaCanalbacktothePanamanians.Healsobrokeredanhistoricpeace
agreementbetweenIsraelandEgyptcalledtheCampDavidAccords.HesupportedtheAfghanistanrebelsagainst
theSovietinvasion.ThisinvasionwoulddevastatetheAfghanistanallowingterroristgroupstooperatewith
impunity.ThetenyearlonginvasionwouldalsodestroytheSovieteconomy,eventuallyhelpingtotopplethe
country.ThebiggestcrisishefacedwasthatIranhadtaken50AmericanEmbassyworkershostage.TheIran
HostageCrisiswouldleadtohisdefeatforreelection.Thehostageswerereleasedoninaugurationday1980,after
444daysincaptivity.
TimePeriod#81945to1980
P a g e | 17
Chapter#39TheStalematedSeventies
Directions:Pleasereadthe Chapter#39TheStalematedSeventiespages938to965answerthequestionsbelow.
Pleaseincludespecificrelevantoutsideinformation(includingrelevantpropernouns!!)inyourdetailedresponse
COMMENTS,CONCERNSor
CLARIFICATIONS
1.AnalyzetheimpactandramificationsoftheWatergateScandalonAmericans
perceptionofgovernment
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2.Compareandcontrasttheelectionsof1964,1968and1972
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3.Analyzethepolitical,socialandeconomiccausesthatledtotheUnitedStatesto
withdrawfromVietnam
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TimePeriod#81945to1980
P a g e | 18
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4.AnalyzetherelativesuccessoftheFordandCarteradministrationsinboth
domesticandForeignPolicy
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TimePeriod#81945to1980
COMMENTS,CONCERNSor
CLARIFICATIONS