UNIT 3 Extra Review for Chapters 9 - 11
Mexico
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Middle America is Central America, Mexico,
and the Islands of the Caribbean
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C a ri b
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ric
bean
Islan
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Central America is a region within Middle America.
Central America comprises the republics that occupy
the strip of mainland between Mexico and South
America:
Panama, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua,
El Salvador, and Costa Rica.
Latin America is Middle America
PLUS South America.
s
Panama Canal Since the days of the Spanish explorers, the
Isthmus of Panama was recognized as a strategic
trade route. In the late 19th century the first
operations began to connect the Pacific and Atlantic
Oceans. The US built the canal and operated it from
1914 until 1999. Panama now controls the canal.
The 48 mile-long international waterway known as
the Panama Canal allows ships to pass between
the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean, saving about
8000 miles from a journey around the southern tip
of South America, Cape Horn. A typical passage
through the Panama Canal by a cargo ship takes
approximately 8-10 hours.
Panama was a good choice to build a canal
because of its geography and location.
The Atacama Desert in Chile is
the driest desert in the world.
Tierra del Fuego is an archipelago
off the southernmost tip of the South
American mainland, across the Strait
of Magellan.
BRAZIL
Brazil Carnival
Columbus’s First Voyage,
1492-93
Triangle Trade Route
Simon Bolivar - Revolutionary
leader of South America
Fidel Castro - Cuba’s President from 1976-2008.
He resigned with health issues and his brother,
Raul Castro is currently President.
INCOME
GAP
Poverty continues to be one of the region's main challenges - Latin America is the most
unequal region in the world. According to a study by the World Bank, the richest decile of the
population of Latin America earn 48% of the total income, while the poorest 10% of the
population earn only 1.6% of the income. In contrast, in developed countries, the top decile
receives 29% of the total income, while the bottom decile earns 2.5%.
What activities are causing the destruction of
the Amazon rainforest?
HOW DO THESE ACTIVITIES IMPACT THE
RAINFOREST?
2
1
3
Climograph - Know how
to read and interpret
Climographs.
The Treaty of Tordesillas
divided South America
between Spain and Portugal.
VERTICAL CLIMATE ZONES - are tropical regions which indicate specific patterns of
elevated growth in Latin America countries. Vertical climate zones come in three types:
Tierra Caliente, Tierra Templada and Tierra Fría.
Vertical climate refers to the pattern of weather in a region whose growth patterns are
primarily affected by elevation. In vertical climate zones, the climate becomes colder as the
elevation increases.
Vertical climate zones occur in the parts of Latin America uninhabited by rainforests or
deserts. This includes parts of northern Mexico and central/southern portions of S. America.
Mayan
Aztec
Mayan
Spanish Empire
Portuguese
Empire
Latin America - What makes this region Unique?
•
•
•
•
Colonization by a European Country
Roman Catholic
Latin is the root language (Spanish, Portuguese, French)
Common ancestral background
RELIGION: Majority of Latin Americans are Christians,
mostly Roman Catholics (About 70%). Membership in
Protestant denominations is increasing, particularly in
northern Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Venezuela
and Puerto Rico.
EDUCATION: Almost all children attend primary school. Access to secondary education has increased.
However, there are still 23 million children in the region between the ages of 4 and 17 outside of the formal
education system. Estimates indicate that 30% of preschool age children (ages 4 –5) do not attend school.
For the the poor and rural, this calculation exceeds 40%.
Mercosur is an organization developed to
make member (countries) economies stable in
South America (Like NAFTA)
ECONOMY: In 2010, Latin America included 5 nations classified as high-income countries:
Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Mexico, and Panama
Earth’s oldest ecosystem
Harsh military leadership
Tropical Rainforests
Junta
What two factors define a tropical rain forests?
Location (in tropics), Rainfall
What is Capoeira?
martial art /dance that developed in Brazil
Which of the following is NOT the result of the Andes Mountains being in South America?
1. larger concentrations of people along South America's northern and eastern coasts
2. the lack of travel from the Pacific coast to interior areas
3. the need to learn techniques for terraced farming
4. deforestation of rain forest with slash and burn to build high rise buildings
All these are TRUE of Central America and the Caribbean EXCEPT:
1. Most of the people in the countries are poor due in part to colonialism.
2. Sugar cane plantations in the Caribbean provide the region’s largest export crop.
3. The economies are primarily based on agriculture and tourism.
4. Both reggae and calypso music started in the Caribbean.
5. Two of the largest cites of Latin America are found in these areas.
6. Many people in Brazil use ethanol (made from corn) for their car fuel.
(4)
(5)
Which of the following is TRUE of resources of Latin America.
1. South America is among the world’s leaders in the mining of raw materials.
2. Venezuela and Mexico have major oil reserves.
3. Brazil produces the most hydroelectric power for South America.
4. Oil, natural gas and uranium are plentiful for energy.
5. Tourism is a growth industry in Latin America.
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
All these are true of Brasilia EXCEPT
1. capital of Brazil
2. was built to draw people into the interior of Brazil
3. was started by the Spanish as a mission site
4. Oscar Niemeyer, an architect, designed the government buildings
(3)
Which of the following is NOT true?
1. Bob Marley of Jamaica was the pioneer of reggae.
2. Caudillo - describes Juan Perón and other 20th-century Latin American dictators.
3. Mercosur is a type of government in Latin America.
4. Buenos Aires is called the “Paris of South America” and is famous for its Tango.
(3)
T
F
Tourism in Latin American is a disadvantage because it creates new local jobs.
(F)
T
F
In Latin America, varied climate and vegetation is due to changes in altitude, land
on either side of equator, and ocean currents.
(T)
T
F
Hurricanes can effect the economies of Caribbean countries because they disrupt
tourism which is a major source of income.
(T)
Sequence:
1. ____ Haiti gains independence from France
(3)
2. ____ The Inca Empire ends
(2)
3. ____ Mexico signs NAFTA
(5)
4. ____ Hernando Cortes conquered the Aztec
(1)
5. ____ The U.S. completes the Panama Canal
(4)