Alaska Environmental Resources, LLC
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VEE Quiz
Circle the one right answer to each question.
Hour 1
Slide 4
How do the terms of opacity and transmittance differ?
1. Opacity is a measure of obscured light while transmittance measures transmitted light.
2. Opacity measures the amount of pollutant while transmittance measures the absence of pollutant.
If an observer can see 20% of the original background through a smoke plume, what is the resulting
opacity?
1.
2.
3.
4.
20%
70%
30%
80%
Slide 6
What is the formula for opacity?
1.
2.
3.
4.
O = (1-T) X 100
T = (1-O) X 100
100 = (T-1) X O
1-O = T X 100
Slide 13
What is the primary cause of London-type smog?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sulfur and particulates from burning coal
Particulates and sulfur from gasoline
Particulates from burning coal
Sulfur from gasoline
Slide 15
What is the primary cause of LA-type smog?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ozone from electrical transformers
CO, NO, and O3 from vehicle exhaust
Primary pollutants
Secondary pollutants
Slide 16
What is the difference between a primary and a secondary pollutant?
1. Both primary and secondary pollutants are mixtures of the same emission elements.
2. A secondary pollutant is not as important as a primary pollutant.
3. Primary pollutants are emitted from the source while secondary pollutants are formed in the
atmosphere.
4. A secondary pollutant is more important than a primary pollutant.
Slide 17
Emission limits are applied to what three emissions in Title V (Operating) Permits?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ozone, Opacity, and Particulate Matter
Ozone, SO2, and PM
Opacity, SO2, and Ozone
Opacity, Particulate Matter, and Sulfur Dioxide.
Slide 18
What are two categories of air pollutants other than primary and secondary?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ozone and particulate matter
Hazardous and non-hazardous air pollutants
Criteria and non-criteria pollutants
Gaseous and particulate pollutants
How does the property of opacity relate to the above categories of air pollutants?
1. Opacity represents a mixture of criteria and non-criteria pollutants.
2. There is no relationship between opacity and air pollutant categories.
2
Slide 27
Air pollutants come from:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Internal Combustion Units
External Combustion Units
Area Sources
Natural Sources
Only 1, 2, and 3
All the above
Slide 39
The three “Ts” of combustion are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Time, Temperature, and Tolerance
Time, Turbulence, and Turbidity
Time, Temperature, and Turbulence
Temperature, Turbulence, and Turbidity
Slide 40
What are the two most basic products of combustion?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Water and air
Water and carbon dioxide
Water and VOCs
VOCs and ozone
Slide 42
In what way does NOx form differently from other pollutants?
1.
2.
3.
4.
NOx is a gas so it separates quickly from particulates.
The higher the 3 Ts the higher the NOx concentration.
The lower the temperature, the higher the NOx
NOx is usually treated in the same way as other pollutants.
Slide 56
Examples of Pre-Combustion Controls are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
3
Steam Injection
Switching Fuels
Selective Catalytic Reduction
Cyclones
Only 1 and 2
Only 3 and 4
All the above
Examples of Post-Combustion Controls are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Steam Injection
Switching Fuels
Selective Catalytic Reduction
Cyclones
Only 1 and 2
Only 3 and 4
All the above
Slide 57
The concept of visual emission evaluation (opacity) can be applied to any plume.
1. True
2. False
Hour 2
Slide 5
The optimum place to read a plume is:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Looking into the plume toward the stack
Looking down the plume away from the stack
90 degrees to the plume
45 degrees to the plume
Slide 16
All plumes (wet or dry) can be read at the same location in the plume.
1. True
2. False
An attached steam plume should be read:
1. At the point of discharge
2. At the point of dissipation of the steam plume
3. Not at all
Slide 19
An observer ideally should read a plume:
1. Facing into the sun
2. Facing away from the sun
3. 90 degrees to the sun
4
Slide 25
How are smoke plumes observed from multiple stacks?
1. All at once
2. Individually
Slide 26
If several smoke plumes are visible from the same location, can opacity readings be performed at the
same time?
1. Yes, special permission is automatic.
2. No, though it is possible to obtain special permission.
Slide 32
In the field, an observer on level ground should ideally be what distance from a stack 40 feet high?
1.
2.
3.
4.
40 feet
80 feet
120 feet
280 feet
An observer should stand _____ feet away from a 50 foot elevated stack
1.
2.
3.
4.
150
200
250
300
Slide 43
Stack emissions are never read in the rain.
1. True
2. False
A certified VEE-reader performs an opacity reading at a smoke plume under the following conditions.
What kind of bias (positive/negative) may have occurred and what potential effect does it have on the
reading results?
The reading was taken in the fog:
1. Negative Bias/Lower opacity reading
2. Negative Bias/Higher opacity reading
5
The reading was taken at an off-spec sun angle/position:
1. Negative Bias/Lower opacity reading
2. Positive Bias/Higher opacity reading
Hour 3
Slide 11
What minimum number of opacity readings make a valid reading?
1. 24 (six minutes at four readings per minute)
2. 48 (12 minutes at four readings per minute)
How is the current State of Alaska opacity limit defined?
1. More than 20 percent average over any six consecutive minutes.
2. More than 20 percent average for a total of more than three minutes in any one hour.
Slide 12
How can the average opacity from a VEE reading be determined?
1. Select the highest 12-minute average.
2. Select the highest 6-minute average.
Slide 23
What two basic smoke observation methods are available under the state Title V Operating Permits?
1. Only Method 9 is available in Alaska
2. Method 9 and Method 22
What is the difference between Methods 9 and 22?
1. Method 22 uses opacity differently than Method 9.
2. Method 22 does not use opacity as a tool.
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